Abstract: A filling machine includes a rotary table having a plurality of peripheral openings each of which is provided with upstanding posts for staking of a bag thereon for suspension through the opening. A blower is provided at a second station for blowing air into the bag to open the bag. A chute is provided for delivering material into the open bag. A gathering and severing unit is provided to close and staple the bag in a closed position.

Abstract: A system and method for on-the-go forming of a cover seal, on-the-go filling of a container and on-the-go induction sealing of a cover seal to a container with the system including a first transfer mechanism for picking empty containers from a conveyor, a traveling punch for on-the-go punching a cover seal from a roll of cover seal material, a rotateable head carrying a set of positionable filler spouts that fill the containers to a preselected level and a set of elevator platforms that raise and lower a container located thereon to facilitate low splash filling, a cam-and-spring system for maintaining a cover seal in pressure contact with a container, a cover-sealing apparatus for on-the-go inductive sealing of a cover seal to a container and a second transfer mechanism for returning the filled and sealed containers to the conveyor.

Abstract: A package of a continuous strip of material includes a plurality of parallel side by side stacks each containing a length of the strip which is folded back and forth such that each folded portion of the stack is folded relative to the next portion about a line transverse to the strip and such that the side edges of the strip portions are aligned. The strip is continuous through each stack and is connected from the end of one stack to beginning of the next stack by a traverse portion extending between the stacks. The package can be compressed to reduce the height of the stacks and maintained in the compressed condition by an evacuated sealed bag.

Abstract: Valved couplers and gas processing components particularly suitable for ultra-high purity gas distribution for use in semiconductor manufacturing. In the couplers, a valve stem/bullnose seals the aperture of the coupler immediately adjacent the exterior of the coupler, so that only a minimal amount of the wetted surface of the coupler is exposed to the external environment. A gas processing component (e.g., a filter), or an entire integrated gas stick assembly, may be sealed from the exterior environment at both its inlet and outlet sides, by these valved couplers. As a result, the entire device can be purged after manufacture and left in a controlled environment during shipment and installation, reducing the need for purging after installation.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating individual items from a bandolier of adjacent items have a seam between the items. A pair of upper jaws and a pair of lower jaws open and close horizontally to clamp and release the respective seam. The pair of lower jaws pull the bandolier downwardly through the opened pair of upper jaws. The seam is cut while the pair of upper jaws close to grasp an adjacent seam. The pair of lower jaws open to release the separated item to a delivery system and the pair of lower jaws move upwardly to be adjacent to, and below, the pair of upper jaws. The pair of lower jaws close and the sequence is repeated. At least one sensor identifies an identification feature on the items and transmits signals to a control unit to actuate movement of the pair of upper jaws and the pair of lower jaws. Preferably, a second sensor system assures that separation is only at the respective seams. A method of use is disclosed.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing webs of side connected bags is disclosed. A tube of heat sealable material is flattened and spaced, transverse seals are formed from one edge of the tube toward the other to delineate bag sides. Thereafter, the seals are bisected by lines of weakness to facilitate separation of sides of adjacent bags. Longitudinal lines of weakness are formed immediately adjacent the seals to delineate the tops of bag faces and backs and a separate top or lip section.

Abstract: A method and machine for wrapping a product, whereby the product is fed to a loading station of a folding conveyor in time with a respective wrapping sheet, which is fed in one of two different positions in relation to the product; the folding conveyor being operated to advance the product and the relevant wrapping sheet along a folding path extending through first and second wrapping devices, which are selectively operated to fold the wrapping sheet into a tube about the product; the choice of one or the other of the wrapping devices depending on which of the two positions is occupied by the wrapping sheet in the loading station.

Abstract: A cushioning conversion machine, method and product characterized by a connecting assembly that provides a mechanical interlock between overlapped portions of sheet-like stock material to prevent "unzippering" of a low density cushioning product produced by the cushioning conversion machine. The connecting assembly comprises a pair of rotatable stitching members, a first one having a plurality of radially outwardly extending projections, or teeth, around the circumference thereof, with the projections having at least two axially spaced apart segments defining a recess therebetween. The second stitching member includes at least one axial punch segment which includes a peripheral edge portion dimensioned to be received in the recess in the first stitching member during rotation of the stitching members.

Abstract: The improved filling pipe (1) is for use in liquid food packaging machines of the type wherein a longitudinally-sealed continuous tubular container (2) is formed from a web (3) of packaging material, and members successively clamp the tube at regularly spaced intervals for forming and transversely sealing packages filled with product. The filling pipe (1) is locatable axially of the continuous tubular container and has a rigid damper member (4) affixed to and surrounding a portion of the filling pipe (1). The rigid damper member (4) is locatable at a position which is radially spaced from the inner wall (2a) of a continuous tubular container (2) and entraps an air pocket (5) surrounding a portion of the filling pipe (1) for dampening motion of liquid product (20) relative to the filling pipe (1) in a packaging material tube (1) during operation of a liquid food packaging machine.

Abstract: A packaging unit (1) for continuously producing aseptic sealed packages (2), containing a pourable food product, from a tube (14) of packaging material filled with the food product; the unit (1) has a first and second chain conveyor (10, 11) respectively having a number of jaws (12) and a number of counter-jaws (13), which interact with and grip the tube (14) to heat-seal the tube at successive cross sections by means of induction heating elements (29) on the jaws (12); and the jaws (12) and counter-jaws (13) are guided along respective work paths by pairs of cams (50, 51) having different profiles for controlling interaction of the jaws (12) and counter-jaws (13) with the tube (14) of packaging material.

Abstract: A suspended cantle support which forces the rider's hips forward and down in the saddle by engaging the lower lumbar region of the rider's back. The suspended cantle support here includes a cushion having a relatively soft interior such as one or more layers of closed-cell foam covered by a durable cover. The cover includes a pair of strap lugs formed at the lower bottom corners of the cushion for attachment of straps to attach the cushion to a saddle. Four straps are used to attach the cushion to a saddle. Two straps are attached to each side of the cushion. The cushion is attached to the saddle by looping a first strap through the back cinch D-ring on the saddle and a second strap through an upper D-ring. Both straps are secured in their respective buckles. The other pair of straps on the other side of the cushion are secured in the same manner on the other side of the saddle. The rider mounts and dismounts in the normal manner.

Abstract: A fixed line trimmer head for string trimmer machines is made to accommodate trimmer lines of a range of line sizes, from a relatively small diameter line to a maximum diameter line, typically from 0.080" to 0.160". To accomplish this, the trimmer head consists of a generally cylindrically-shaped hollow main housing member having a central axis through it. Exit openings for the line are formed on diametrically opposite sides of the main housing member in a plane which is perpendicular to the axis of the housing member. A first set of string entry holes is formed through the housing member in a plane which is offset from the plane of the exit openings; and these holes are located on opposite sides of a line which is perpendicular to the projection of a line passing through the exit openings.

Abstract: A center pivot mower conditioner includes an input driveline connected directly to a power transfer arrangement forming a part of the mower conditioner for providing input power to the cutterhead assembly and to the conditioning roll drive arrangement. The power transfer arrangement is in the form of a gearbox having a stationary lower section fixed to the frame of the mower conditioner, and an upper section pivotably mounted to the lower section for movement about a substantially vertical pivot axis. The driveline provides input power to the gearbox upper section, which is transferred to the lower section through a vertical pinion shaft. The vertical pinion shaft is connected to the cutterhead assembly for providing input power to the cutterhead assembly. The gearbox is preferably located toward the center of the mower conditioner, to provide input power to the cutterhead assembly substantially in the center of the cutterhead assembly.

Abstract: A twisting spindle has a spindle that is driven in rotation, a protective pot supported on the spindle and secured against rotation, and a rotary disk fixedly connected to the spindle. The rotary disk has a radially extending yarn channel connected to the hollow spindle axle and supports a cylindrical mantle surrounding the protective pot. The cylindrical mantle has above the outlet opening of the yarn channel a yarn guide element. An intermediate housing that is freely rotatable and surrounds the rotary disk and the cylinder mantle is provided. A stationary outer housing receiving the intermediate housing is also provided.

Abstract: A spinning apparatus is disclosed according to the invention having a drafting zone comprising at least four roll pairs for drawing a sliver comprising one or more types of staple fibers. The rolls pairs include a back roll pair, intermediate roll pairs and a front roll pair and the distance between the nip of the back roll pair and the nip of the adjacent intermediate roll pair, and the distances between the nips of adjacent intermediate roll pairs is no more than the effective fiber length of the longest staple fiber type in the sliver. The drafted sliver may be spun into yarns at high speeds, such as the speeds used in air jet spinning apparatus to provide yarns having increased strength and reduced defects. The present invention also includes a method of forming high quality and high uniformity yarns by advancing a sliver through a drafting apparatus and thereafter spinning the sliver into yarn.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for determining a variation in criteria, parameters and/or command values of an automatic piecing operation at an automatic piecing apparatus of an automatic spinner, a piecer and/or a length of thread in which the piecer is located is measured in accordance with criteria of diameter or diameter per unit of length and evaluated for improving the piecer, with at least one sensor disposed in a thread travel path, upon resumption of winding after a piecing operation in which a spun yarn is received. A piece of thread containing the piecer is scanned by measuring with the at least one sensor in terms of location of thick and/or thin places with respect to the piecer at defined measurement points, as further criteria of the piecing operation. The measured data are continuously input into event counters connected downstream of the at least one sensor.

Abstract: An open-end spinning device having a spinning rotor housed within a rotor housing which includes a yarn conduit plate for closing the front side of the rotor housing and a conduit plate adapter, defining a mouth area of a yarn conduit guide and including a yarn draw-off jet, which is removeably arranged in a receptacle of the yarn conduit plate and is easily and quickly replaced in connection with the replacement of a rotor, while providing a reliable and tight fastening of the conduit plate adapter in the open-end spinning device. The conduit plate adapter comprises an extension including fixing elements which can be secured by a fixing arrangement which is movably arranged for selectively abutting the fixing elements for fixing the conduit plate adapter within the receptacle of the yarn conduit plate.

Abstract: A fiber transporting apparatus for a rotor type open end fine spinning machine is provided that may reduce an amount of effective fiber discharged from a burling opening portion without degrading yarn quality of the spun yarn. Fiber opened by a combing roller (11) is fed into a rotor through a fiber transporting channel (13) leading from a circumferential surface of the combing roller (11) to a predetermined position of the rotor (6) in accordance with a negative pressure degree within the rotor (6). After debris is removed from the opened fiber by a burling opening portion (12), the opened fiber is moved together with an air flow directed from a downstream side of the burling opening portion (12) in a rotational direction of the combing roller (11) toward an inlet (13a) of the fiber transporting channel (13).

Abstract: A yarn withdrawal nozzle (20) for an open-end rotor spinning device (1) has a yarn inlet zone (29) tapering in a funnel-like manner into a yarn withdrawal conduit (21), with the yarn inlet zone being formed with both a spiral structure (30) as well as additional notches (34) in the inlet area of the yarn withdrawal conduit (21). As viewed in the yarn withdrawal direction (A), the notches (34) are either arranged following the spiral structure (30) or at least partially in the area of the spiral structure (30).

Abstract: An electronic control system for regulating the amount of torque applied by a starter/generator to a gas turbine engine during startup. The control system senses engine speed, compares the engine's actual acceleration with a predetermined acceleration, and adjusts the torque to the engine so that the engine accelerates along the predetermined schedule. The predetermined schedule is a function of the engine's speed or time, inlet conditions and oil temperature.

Abstract: An air distribution system for an impeller rear cavity, including an air bleed at the compressor impeller tip for bleeding pressurized air into the rear cavity, and a second stream of P3 air is passed into the rear cavity area after having been cooled by a heat exchanger. The mixing of the cooled P3 air with the bleed air from the impeller tip reduces the temperature of the pressurized air in the rear cavity to reduce degradation of the impeller as well as to provide a flow of cooling air for the central bearing.

Abstract: A pressurized fluidized bed combustion system includes a pressure vessel, a furnace section within the pressure vessel for forming high temperature, high pressure gases and for generating steam, a compressor for providing compressed combustion air for the furnace section, a filter for cleaning the high temperature, high pressure flue gases formed in the furnace section, a gas turbine for generating power from the gases formed in the furnace section and cleaned in the filter, a steam turbine cycle for generating power from the steam generated in the furnace section, a heat recovery section, connected to the steam turbine cycle, for recovering heat from the gases exhausted from the gas turbine and for supplying the heat to feedwater provided for the steam generation in the furnace section, and an inlet duct for the filter. The inlet duct is connected between a gas discharge channel in the furnace section and a gas inlet channel in the filter.

Abstract: A system and method of controlling the acceleration of a load driven by a gas turbine engine detects the existence of an overload condition and reduces an acceleration setpoint when such condition arises.

Abstract: The internal combustion rotary engine comprises a stator (1) and a rotor (2) that are disposed so that the inner circumference of the stator (1), at least in certain pre-determined circumferential sectors thereof, sealingly surrounds the rotor (2). The stator (1) is provided with at least two combustion chambers. Each combustion chamber has a discharge outlet opening tangentially towards the rotor (2), and at least one fuel inlet (15) through which oxygen or air and fuel, in pre-determined amounts such as to form a combustible mixture, can be injected into the combustion chamber at pre-determined intervals. The rotor (2) has outer ring segments (23) connected to a main shaft (21) by a plurality of spokes (22).

Abstract: A solid fuel propellant motor casing is described, the casing comprising a body portion for containing the propellant, the body portion also including at least one detachable end closure portion, the closure portion being maintained in position relative to said body portion by retaining means, the retaining means being held in position with engagement means on an inner surface of said body portion and located radially with respect to said body portion by locating means against resilient biasing means, said locating means being responsive to temperature such that said locating means melt at a predetermined temperature allowing said resiliently biased retaining means to move radially inwardly of said body portion and allow said at least one closure portion to be ejected from the casing.

Abstract: A method is provided for monitoring catalyst efficiency in a catalytic converter of a motor vehicle, comprising the steps of: (a) detecting an oxygen level of an exhaust gas from the vehicle's engine by using an oxygen sensor positioned at the outlet of the catalytic converter; (b) terminating fuel flow to the vehicle's engine; (c) detecting a change in the oxygen level in response to terminating fuel flow; (d) determining a time period from termination of fuel flow to detection of the change in oxygen level; and then (e) compensating this time period with respect to an exhaust flowrate, such that the compensated time period is indicative of catalyst efficiency of the catalytic converter. More specifically, the exhaust flowrate is determined from a manifold absolute pressure and an engine rotational speed of the engine. To achieve reliable and consistent results, catalyst monitoring of the present invention is only enabled under preferred vehicle operating conditions.

Abstract: A water jacketed exhaust pipe comprising an inner liner, an outer shell, and a spray ring. The inner liner includes an internally tapered section which clips the turbulence that occurs along the inner walls of the liner. As a result, fluid expelled from the spray ring will not migrate into the inner liner where it can cause severe corrosion. The outer liner includes an internally tapered section which scatters the stream of water expelled from the spray ring and further redirects water onto the inner liner and into the center of the exhaust path. The redirected water particles are easily vaporized and in the process, extract a significant amount of heat from the exhaust system.

Abstract: A hydraulic device includes a housing and a bulkhead disposed in the housing. A pump piston is provided in the housing and has first and second end surfaces with the second end surface of the pump piston and surfaces of the housing and of the bulkhead defining a pumping chamber. The pump piston is constructed and arranged to move within the housing to develop pressure on fluid in the pumping chamber. The first end surface of the pump piston and surfaces of the housing define a pump reservoir chamber. A ram piston is provided in the housing and has first and second end surfaces with the first end surface of the ram piston and surfaces of the housing and of the bulkhead defining a drive chamber. Connecting structure is associated with the bulkhead to communicate the pumping chamber with the drive chamber so that fluid pressure developed in the pumping chamber may be exerted on the first end surface of said ram piston. A barrier is provided in the housing between an end of the housing and the ram piston.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved hydraulic quick lifting unit used in a jack, especially to improvements made on the valves of the hydraulic system, a fastener assembly and an oil return tube of the lifting shaft. The hydraulic system can return hydraulic liquid to the outer oil reservoir in a slow rate when the lifting shaft according to the invention bears a load. Thus the lifting shaft moves down slowly. When the load on the lifting shaft is removed, the hydraulic liquid flows back to the outer oil reservoir in a larger quantity in a short time. Hence the lifting shaft can quickly return to the its original position. Further, the fastener assembly is located between the lifting shaft and the mandrel, which has the advantages of enhancing the accuracy of the clearance between the mandrel and the inner oil reservoir of the lifting shaft, and preventing the positional shift of the mandrel in the inner oil reservoir. The invention has the benefit of enhancing the stability of product performance.

Abstract: In the master cylinder of the present invention, a cylindrical portion of a grommet seal includes at least two outer sealing projections on an outer circumferential surface thereof, an inner sealing projection on an inner circumferential surface thereof at a position corresponding to a recess between the outer sealing projections, and an abutting portion adapted to abut against a positioning stepped portion provided in a supply fitting of a reservoir. When the supply fitting is inserted into the grommet seal fitted in a boss of a cylinder body, deformation of the inner sealing projection is relieved by a cavity constituted by the recess between the outer sealing projections. When a hydraulic pressure is applied to the cylindrical portion of the grommet seal, because the abutting portion of the grommet seal abuts against the positioning stepped portion of the supply fitting of the reservoir, the cylindrical portion is axially compressed, so that sealability of the sealing projections can be improved.

Abstract: This invention is an efficient free-piston internal-combustion engine having an expansion ratio greater than the compression ratio and preferably with gas bearings supporting the piston. The use of gas bearings in combination with high-temperature ceramic materials allows the engine to be nearly adiabatic and with exhaust temperatures in excess of 600.degree. C. These high exhaust temperatures in turn allow the engine to operate as a topping cycle for gas turbines, Stirling engines, steam engines, etc. An improved valving system for flexible control of the engine may include the use of a valve actuator in a piston. In one embodiment, a pair of oppositely disposed combustion chamber passageways extending between the combustion chamber and the earth's atmosphere, each have a combustion-chamber valve for controlling the passage of gas through the passageways.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with a turbocharger with a turbine wheel arranged in its exhaust gas duct system and an exhaust gas release arrangement disposed in the exhaust gas duct system ahead of the turbine wheel of the turbocharger, the exhaust gas release arrangement comprises a valve with a valve seat formed in such a way that different controllable operating state-based flow cross-sections are provided for the controlled release of exhaust gases from the exhaust gas duct system ahead of the turbine wheel during motor brake and during power operation of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method of estimating the airflow into a compression ignition engine having an exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR) and a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT). The method includes the steps of generating an EGR flow value as a function of the intake manifold pressure (MAP), exhaust manifold pressure (EXMP), position of the exhaust gas recirculation valve, and temperature of the gas flowing through the EGR. From this calculation, the method generates an intake airflow value (MAF) as a function of the EGR flow value and the intake aircharge temperature. The intake airflow value is used, in turn, to control the position of the EGR valve. The disclosed method thereby eliminates the necessity for a MAF sensor.

Abstract: A method of controlling the airflow into a compression ignition engine having an EGR and a VGT. The control strategy includes the steps of generating desired EGR and VGT turbine mass flow rates as a function of the desired and measured compressor mass airflow values and exhaust manifold pressure values. The desired compressor mass airflow and exhaust manifold pressure values are generated as a function of the operator-requested fueling rate and engine speed. The EGR and VGT turbine mass flow rates are then inverted to corresponding EGR and VGT actuator positions to achieve the desired compressor mass airflow rate and exhaust manifold pressure. The control strategy also includes a method of estimating the intake manifold pressure used in generating the EGR valve and VGT turbine positions.

Abstract: A method for generating electric power from natural gas or the like that has a low Btu value and a high nitrogen content. The method involves a membrane separation step to remove a portion of the nitrogen from the gas. The upgraded gas is used as fuel for a turbine or other driver, which provides mechanical power to drive an electric power generator.

Abstract: A method is provided which refurbishes a Rankine cycle vapor generator initially having a plurality of Rankine heaters for supporting a Rankine cycle subsystem. The method removes at least one of the Rankine heaters, and replaces the at least one removed Rankine heater with a non-Rankine heater for a Kalina cycle subsystem. The vapor generator comprises a first plurality of tubes for receiving a first working fluid, and a second plurality of tubes for receiving a second working fluid. The first plurality of tubes are directed along a first path exposed to heat from a heat source to increase the temperature of the first working fluid within the first plurality of tubes. The second plurality of tubes are directed along a second path exposed to heat from the heat source to increase the temperature of the second working fluid within the second plurality of tubes.

Abstract: A control system capable of responding to temperature sensors detecting changes in available external ambient cooling temperature, and adjusting turbine cycle thermodynamic medium exhaust pressure and temperature, as it completes its circulation path through the turbine cycle, to what best saturation pressure conditions are needed to correspond with the temperature detected as the coldest currently available saturation temperature in the condenser. Such a system permits condensation of the exhaust to occur at whatever the lowest saturation temperature and pressure available at the time happens to be.

Abstract: A combustion gas turbine control valve for regulating the inlet temperature of an indirect fired gas turbine at the turbine expander inlet and is useful in indirect fired gas turbine power generation systems.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is disclosed for a gas turbine engine having a fuel injector issuing a primary fuel flow during all operating modes of the gas turbine engine and a secondary fuel flow when operating parameters of the gas turbine engine exceed predetermined values. The fuel injection system includes a first air swirler, a second air swirler located rearwardly of the first air swirler and a venturi having a wall with a converging-diverging inner wall surface forming a venturi throat, the venturi being located such that the wall separates first and second air flows issuing from the first and second air swirlers and such that the primary fuel flow emanating from the fuel injector in a conical configuration does not impact against the inner wall surface of the venturi.

Abstract: A liquid cryogen withdrawal device includes a plug (14) for insertion into the neck of a cryogen-containing dewar (10) in gas-tight relationship. A withdrawal tube (17) passes through the plug to conduct liquid from the bottom of the dewar through a sintered bronze filter to a container to be filled with cryogen, and a pressure tube (19) fitted with a pump (20). Cryogen is stored in the dewar with a loose fitting cap thereon, with no withdrawal device in the dewar. When liquid is desired to be retrieved from the dewar, the withdrawal device is inserted into the dewar; and the pump is operated to create enough pressure to force a suitable amount of liquid from the dewar. The plug may have a gas pressure relief valve disposed thereon.

Abstract: A method for chilling a plurality of layers of in-shell eggs includes immersing at least one stack of a plurality of layers of in-shell eggs in cooled liquid until the eggs are cooled to a predetermined temperature or below. A preferred apparatus for conducting the method includes a liquid bath container with chilling heat exchangers and a source of bubbles for vertically perturbating liquid in the container.

Abstract: A method of charging and recharging a refrigerant loop with a ternary refirgerant composition, wherein substantially equal proportions of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane are added to the loop in substantially equal proportion by mass, during the step of charging and recharging.

Abstract: A method for controlling the evaporator temperature of an air conditioner as a function of the outside dew point, in which the dew point temperature of the intake air drawn in by the air conditioner to air-condition an interior and the blown air temperature setpoint that is associated with one or more variably presettable interior temperature setpoints is determined for the intake air to be blown out into the interior. At the beginning of each cooling cycle, a determination is made as to whether the evaporator is wet or dry. The evaporator temperature is then adjusted to a setpoint that is at most approximately as high as the dew point temperature and otherwise is approximately as high as the blown air temperature setpoint. This is for cases within presettable limits, with a wet evaporator and a blown air temperature setpoint that is above the intake air dew point temperature.

Abstract: A rotary heat pump 10 comprises a vapor generator 20, a condenser 24/34, an evaporator 42 and an absorber 40 interconnected to provide cyclic fluid flow paths for a volatile fluid component and an absorbent fluid therefor. To allow operation of the pump close to the crystallization boundary the pump includes crystallization control means which cause the temperature of the fluid in the region prone to crystallization to be raised when the onset of crystallization is detected. For example the pressure increase upstream of a crystallization site may cause warm fluid to be diverted directly or indirectly to increase the fluid temperature at the crystallization site.

Abstract: The existence of inverted start conditions in a refrigeration chiller is accurately identified by sensing the liquid level in the chiller evaporator. That liquid level is indicative of the location of the chiller's refrigerant charge at start-up. If the sensed liquid level is below a predetermined level, an inverted start condition is verified to exist. Failed starts and chiller system shutdowns are reduced or avoided as compared to systems in which less reliable indicators are used to identify the existence of inverted start conditions.

Abstract: An idle speed control system for an internal combustion engine comprises a discharge pressure sensor to detect a discharge pressure of a compressor of an air conditioner, a predicted discharge pressure calculating section to predict a discharge pressure under a condition wherein the air conditioner is steady and ON based on a discharge pressure memorized when the air conditioner was OFF. During a predetermined period after an air conditioner switch turns ON, a control unit calculates a torque correction quantity based on the predicted discharge pressure and after the predetermined period calculates the torque correction quantity based on the actual current detected discharge pressure. Moreover, when the air conditioner switch turns "from ON to OFF" and "from OFF to ON" for a short period, the control unit calculates the torque correction quantity based on a previous actual discharge pressure obtained when the air conditioner switch was ON, instead of on the predicted discharge pressure.

Abstract: An air conditioner capable of enhancing responsivity of a blowout temperature of conditioned air while preventing occurrence of an overshoot or undershoot condition of the blowout temperature when a user gives an instruction to change the blowout temperature in a dehumidifying operation mode. In a control state, if a set temperature level is adjusted to increase a blowout temperature of conditioned air by increasing the target condenser outlet temperature, the rotating speed of the refrigerant compressor is increased, while the restriction opening of the heating expansion valve is maintained. Thus, the condenser outlet temperature is regulated to the target temperature with minimal undershoot or overshoot of the target temperature.

Abstract: An air-conditioning element includes ducts, through which gaseous or liquid media are passed for cooling or heating. The air-conditioning element is constructed as a solid metal sandwich with a light core of corrugated aluminum and covering layers of smooth aluminum strip. The media guides are formed between the corrugated aluminum and the covering layers, and the media guides are connected with one another by way of the ducts. A method for the production of the air-conditioning element includes the steps of joining together at a joint a stack of two covering layers and a core of corrugated aluminum, which is disposed between the covering layers, by hot rolling, adhesives, lacquers or other adhesion promoters that have been previously brought into the regions of the joint; and after the stack has cooled, milling a duct in a perpendicular direction to the course of the corrugations, and then closing off the open sections of the duct by a metal strip.

Abstract: A d.c. motor together with a hot gas bypass valve is incorporated into a cooling system specifically designed for removing heat from computer systems. Unlike typical refrigeration systems, the cooling system herein runs continuously and responds to changes in thermal load. This allows the unit to operate within a wide range of ambient conditions and at various thermal load levels unlike other systems which were capable of operation only at a single, predesigned load level. The cooling system is modular and is easily added to or removed from a redundant system which includes a single evaporator with multiple refrigerant loops which provides yet another aspect of continuous operation due to the inherent redundancy thus provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling an electrical component is disclosed which comprises a sorber containing a sorbent; a condenser in fluid communication with the sorber; an evaporator in fluid communication with both the sorber and the condenser and connected in heat-exchange relation to the electrical component; wherein a sorbate which has been condensed in the condenser is evaporated in the evaporator, thereby absorbing heat from the electrical component, and then adsorbed onto the sorbent; an electromagnetic wave generator; a waveguide coupler for directing the electromagnetic waves to the sorbent; wherein the sorbate is desorbed from the sorbent by the electromagnetic waves and condensed in the condenser; and wherein the desorption of the sorbate from the sorbent is substantially isothermal.