Abstract: A source fluid from which solid material forms when it is cooled is passed through apparatus which defines a continuous reentrant lumen. The lumen has a thermally conductive processing wall from which heat is extracted from the outside as the source fluid flows through the lumen, resulting in formation of solid material on the inner surface of the lumen wall. A runner circulates around the lumen and dislodges material deposited on the inner surface of the lumen wall. This material is then carried as solids of a slurry out of the apparatus with the fluid stream.

Abstract: An environmental control system includes a single heat exchanger, a single water separator and two air cycle machines on separate spools. Cooling turbines of the air cycle machines are cascaded. Air flows through both air cycle machines during normal operation of the environmental control system. If one of the air cycle machines fails, air can be bypassed around the failed air cycle machine. Cascading allows water separation to be performed by a mid-pressure water separator located between the air cycle machines.

Abstract: A cool air exhaling apparatus in an enforced circulation type refrigerator and a control method thereof having a simple configuration so as to reduce manufacturing costs and to improve productivity, as well as freezing and refrigerating efficiency of foods. The cool air exhaling apparatus in an enforced circulation type refrigerator in which a cool air cooled by an evaporator is guided to a duct by operating a cool air circulating fan and is exhaled into the refrigerator through a cool air exhaling hollow formed in a duct cover, includes at least one cool air guide formed protrusively at the front of a duct cover in a width direction of the refrigerator, having a cool air exhaling hollow in its inner sidewall, and a duct thermal insulation material in which a cool air guide hollow having a convex curved side portion connected to the inner sidewall of the cool air guide is formed in sides of the duct cover.

Abstract: A heat pump system, utilizing a multi-component refrigerant blend in which a low pressure component is zeotropic with respect to the remainder of the blend, separates the low pressure component by rectification to enhance heating capability in low ambient temperatures. Vapor is separated from liquid in the effluent of the condenser of a heat pump, at a pressure in equilibrium at a temperature midway between the evaporator and condenser effluent temperatures, the vapor being applied to an auxiliary inlet at a mid pressure point in the compression stroke of the compressor.

Abstract: A refrigerating system has a condenser, an evaporator, and a two-stage centrifugal compressor assembly with an electric motor provided with a cooling system. A condenser inlet is connected to a compressor assembly outlet, while a condenser outlet is connected via first and second choke elements to an inlet of the evaporator and to the cooling system. The evaporator outlet communicates with the compressor assembly inlet, and the cooling system outlet communicates with the inlet of the second stage of the assembly. The cooling system is provide with a cooling skirt having a cavity of the cooling system lying between a stator and a housing. The refrigerating system has a separator vessel, a recuperative heat exchanger, and a heat-regulating valve controlled by the coolant pressure and temperature at the cooling skirt inlet, and also fitted in series with the separator vessel in the line connecting the condenser inlet to the evaporator. The separator vessel is connected by a gas phase to the coolant feed duct.

Abstract: A transport cover or tarpaulin includes at least one sheet of a flexible insulated material, including chambers for a coolant and additionally including channels constructed and arranged for filling with a gas. The outer surface of the cover may be covered with a heat-reflecting material.

Abstract: First, a system for providing liquid refrigerant subcooling, subsequent to that subcooling accomplished by the primary condenser of an air conditioner or heat pump, by means of evaporative cooling utilizing the condensate water of said air conditioner or heat pump system and/or some other water supply to wet the surface of the subcool heat exchanger and then passing the cold, dry building exhaust air required for good indoor air quality across the wetted surface of the subcool heat exchanger. Said exhaust air could be used after first undergoing a sensible heat exchange with the incoming make up air. Said subcooling providing for an increased refrigeration capacity, and efficiency of the system.

Abstract: A refrigeration system includes a base having an inlet opening, an outlet opening, an evaporator pan, a condenser pan, and a compressor mounting surface all integrally formed therein. All of the components of the refrigeration system mount onto the base to from a unitary structure. An evaporator is mounted to the base above said evaporator pan. A condenser is mounted to said base above said condenser pan. A compressor mounted to the compressor mounting surface and operatively connected to said evaporator and said condenser. A cover encloses the inlet opening, outlet opening and evaporator.

Abstract: In an air conditioning apparatus, an evaporator is disposed in an air-conditioning case to be inclined relative to a horizontal direction and to form a lower space below the evaporator. Air flows through the evaporator from a lower side toward an upper side thereof in the air-conditioning case. The lower space is partitioned by a partition member into an air-blown space and a drain space, and a drain guide member is disposed in the drain space to approximately contact a lower end portion of the inclined evaporator, where condensed water is gathered. Therefore, it can prevent air from hitting from below against the lower end portion of the evaporator. Consequently, the condensed water that has been gathered at the lower end portion of the inclined evaporator can be discharged rapidly along the drain guide member without being affected by the flow of air, and drips to a bottom surface of the air-conditioning case.

Abstract: An evaporative-cooling condensation type ammonia refrigeration unit with leaked ammonia gas removing means is provided. Recovery of a leaked ammonia gas is conducted taking advantage of a high solubility of ammonia in water, wherein the leaked ammonia gas is dissolved in a cooling water used for an evaporative condenser. The construction of the unit is characterized by including an ammonia absorptive structure in a gas/liquid countercurrent mode provided in a space on the lower side of the evaporative condenser accommodated in an upper chamber.

Abstract: A shipping and storage system for exothermic materials where the risk of reaching unacceptably high temperatures is alleviated comprising,a) a container vessel,b) a heat sink material inside the vessel and adapted to hold and be in intimate contact with one or more packages of exothermic material, the heat sink material having an effective high heat capacity and latent heat of melting and/or vaporization such that it absorbs all of the energy produced by the exothermic material, if it reacts by reaching its reaction initiation temperature, andc) optional cooling means in the vessel and surrounding the heat sink material and packaged exothermic material.

Abstract: A stack type evaporator has a compact structure and a high cooling ability. A plurality of flat and plate-like tubular elements 1, each having a pair of formed plates 7, are stacked together in the lateral direction. Each tubular element 1 has two or more passages 10 inside it, each extending along the longitudinal direction. A refrigerant flows through a forward passage 10 in the tubular elements 1, and shifts to a return passage 10 in the direction opposed to the air flow. A corrugate inner fin 11 is placed throughout the refrigerant passages 10. One of the formed plate pair 7 has short cylindrical tanks 12a projecting outward, while the other has short cylindrical tanks 12b projecting outward, but in the opposite direction. When stacking up the tubular elements 1, the tanks 12a are fit into the corresponding tanks 12b of the adjacent formed plate 7 of the next tubular element 1.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method and an apparatus for removing nitrogen and other low boiling point inorganic components from pressurized LNG-bearing streams and streams produced therefrom. The removal of such components is accomplished via a novel pressure reduction/stripping methodology thereby producing at least one low BTU nitrogen-rich gas stream and at least one high BTU methane-rich stream which is suitable for recycle to an open methane cycle liquefaction process and/or employment as a high quality fuel gas.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide is separated from a gaseous mixture containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide and contaminated with nitrogen by partially condensing the mixture to provide a hydrogen-enriched vapor feed fraction and a carbon monoxide-enriched liquid feed fraction; separating nitrogen from carbon monoxide in said liquid fraction in a distillation column to provide nitrogen-freed liquid carbon monoxide bottoms and nitrogen-enriched vapor overheads; condensing at least a portion of said overheads against a recycle heat pump stream derived from said gaseous mixture and containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide; and returning at least a portion of said condensed overheads to said nitrogen-separation column as reflux. The recycle heat pump stream usually is provided by condensation from the hydrogen-enriched vapor feed fraction and/or by separation from the carbon monoxide-enriched liquid feed fraction.

Abstract: A distillation system for producing carbon dioxide, particularly from a feed which contains significant levels of light components, wherein the feed is at least partially condensed upstream of the distillation by indirect heat exchange with a multicomponent heat exchange fluid recirculating in a closed refrigeration loop, and/or the overhead from the distillation is condensed for reflux by indirect heat exchange with a multicomponent heat exchange fluid recirculating in a closed refrigeration loop.

Abstract: A product cryogenic liquid mixture comprising oxygen and nitrogen having a chosen mole fraction of oxygen is produced by expanding, typically through a valve, a pressurized stream of a precursor fluid mixture, which may be liquid air, having a mole fraction of oxygen greater than said chosen mole fraction, and thereby forming a vapor phase depleted of oxygen and a liquid phase enriched in oxygen. The vapor phase is disengaged from the liquid phase in a phase separator. A stream of the vapor phase is condensed in a condenser. The condensate is collected in a storage vessel as the product cryogenic liquid mixture.

Abstract: A process for separating mixtures which comprise oxygen, nitrogen, and argon by cryogenic distillation in a distillation system where the system is comprised of a distillation column that produces a nitrogen-enriched stream, an oxygen-enriched stream, and an argon-enriched stream, and a sidearm column which has a sump and receives the argon-enriched stream from the distillation column. During an interruption of flow of the argon-enriched stream into the sidearm column, the liquid inventory in the sidearm column is collected at a point above the sump and recirculated through the sidearm column during re-startup of the sidearm column.

Abstract: An ornamental neckpiece for a shirt with a buttoned collar, which is intended to be worn when the collar is unbuttoned, comprising an ornamental chain or cord having an attachment on one end suitable for attachment to the shirt collar button and an attachment on the other end suitable for attachment to the shirt collar buttonhole, and being of a length greater than the space between the button and buttonhole when the shirt collar is unbuttoned as to hang loosely and serve as a jewelry item.

Abstract: A jewelry article, such as a pendant or a charm, includes a hollow body and one or more hollow or solid appendages which are secured to the body by an elongated pin having an integral head and which provides a rotatable hidden joint connection between the body and appendage. The body is cast as a two-part hollow body and one of the parts having one or more bearing pads or surfaces and one or more bores for receiving respective connection pins. The pins each project through a bore in an appendage and each pin is secured to an appendage at a distal end by soldering, for example. The interior cavity of the body is closed by securing a second body part to a first body part by soldering or a suitable adhesive.

Abstract: Disclosed is a manufacturing method for molded glass articles including glass optical elements such as high precision lenses not requiring grinding and polishing after press molding. The manufacturing method according to the invention is a method for manufacturing the molded glass articles having a higher surface precision with a high productivity by pressing a glass material in a stepwise manner constituted of some steps depending on a temperature condition of the glass material.

Abstract: A glass-fiber bushing including a bottom tip-plate and side walls surrounding the bottom tip-plate forming a container for molten glass. The bottom tip-plate including a plurality of tips arranged to permit molten glass to flow there through to produce a multiplicity of individual molten glass streams from which glass fibers may be formed. The glass-fiber bushing includes at least one tip-plate thermocouple having a platinum tube housing, a pair of thermocouple wires transversing the tube housing and terminating in a weld junction. The tube housing, thermocouple wires and the weld are attached directly to the tip-plate such that the thermocouple junction is formed directly at the tip-plate surface.

Abstract: Each stitch of the last course of a front knitted fabric of a tubular knitted fabric is overlapped with a stitch, one stitch interior, of an immediately preceding course of the front knitted fabric. Each stitch of the last course of a back knitted fabric is overlapped with a stitch, one stitch interior, of an immediately preceding course of the back knitted fabric. Prolongations of each stitch of the last course of the front knitted fabric crosses with prolongations of a stitch of the last course of the back knitted fabric.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pulsator assembly used in a washing machine. The pulsator assembly comprises of disc-shaped lower pulsator and upper pulsator. A spouting port is formed at a central part of the upper pulsator, and an inflow port is formed at the lower pulsator. A guide rib is provided at an inner space of the pulsator assembly. The guide rib is extended from an area adjacent to a rotational axis to an area adjacent to a circumference. The guide rib is bent against a radial direction. The washing water in the inner space is guided toward the spouting port while a driving motor operates, so as to spout upward through the spouting port. Thus, a spouting water flow is formed along with a vortex water flow, which creates a complex water flow in a washing tub. Accordingly, the laundry is not twisted and the laundry is effectively washed and rinsed.

Abstract: An apparatus for opening and closing a door of a pressure cleaning vessel for a dry cleaning system which requires minimal clearance to operate is provided. The apparatus includes a frame slidably attached to the cleaning vessel and having a base member with a pair of attached upstanding side arms which carry the door of the cleaning vessel. The apparatus further includes a first horizontal actuator carried by the cleaning vessel and operatively connected to the frame for moving the frame in a substantially horizontal direction relative to the cleaning vessel such that the door of the cleaning vessel moves between a closed position and an intermediate position wherein the door is substantially in front of the cleaning vessel. A second vertical actuator carried by at least one of the side arms and operatively connected to the door moves the door in a substantially vertical direction relative to the cleaning vessel and the frame between the intermediate position and an open position.

Abstract: A trailer hitch security device includes a hitch receiver housing for placement over the receiver end of the trailer hitch with the receiver end of the trailer hitch extending through a hitch receiver slot formed in a first face of the hitch receiver housing. The hitch security device also includes housing closure member which is configured to enclose an open face of the hitch receiver housing in a locking engagement. In one embodiment of the relative dimensions and configurations of the hitch receiver slot and receiver end of the trailer hitch are such that withdrawal of the receiver end of the trailer hitch through the hitch receiver slot is impossible. Alternatively, the receiver end of the trailer hitch may be configured originally or by modification to include a whole or partial collar member or an ear attached for limiting withdrawal of the receiver end of the trailer hitch through the hitch receiver slot.

Abstract: A locking device for use in connection with an energy controlling apparatus, such as a valve, or regulator, to prevent unauthorized persons from changing the position of a rotatable shaft of the apparatus that controls the amount of energy that flows through the apparatus. The locking device includes a handle used to manually set the position of the shaft. It also includes a gear that is rotatably mounted in the handle and is fixed to the shaft of the apparatus. A first locking mechanism carried by the handle mechanically and selectively couples the handle and the gear through a key access to the lock. A spring-biased ratchet mechanism may be provided to permit rotation of the shaft in one direction only. A personal locking mechanism with only a single key is selectively lockable to the handle so that in the locked position it prevents access to the first locking mechanism.

Abstract: In an annular member forming apparatus including: a forming roll rotatable in contact with an outer cylindrical surface of an annular workpiece; a mandrel relatively movable towards and away from the forming roll in contact with an inner cylindrical surface of the workpiece; and an outside diameter detecting device for detecting an outside diameter of the workpiece which is to be worked, the apparatus further includes a moving device for moving relatively the forming roll and the mandrel and for pressing the workpiece by the forming roll and the mandrel moved towards each other to subject the workpiece to rough rolling and to finish rolling. The moving device includes a retracting device for correcting an elastic deformation of the forming roll, the mandrel and the moving is device occurring during the rough rolling, for a switching time from the rough rolling to the finish rolling by an output signal from the outside diameter detecting device.

Abstract: A method of mass manufacturing a plurality of electrodes coated with a non-stick layer is disclosed for reducing eschar buildup and the like on the working tip of an electrode during electrosurgical procedures and facilitating ease of cleaning the tip. The plurality of electrodes are mass manufactured for connection to an appropriate electrical power source. One preferred method of mass manufacturing a plurality of electrodes includes the steps of: simultaneously coating at least a portion of a stock material with a non-stick layer; and forming the plurality of electrode blanks having the non-stick layer. The plurality of electrode blanks may be subjected to further finishing. Preferably, the plurality of electrode blanks are formed having the non-stick layer as the material is advanced through a stamping operation. Also, the material may be configured and dimensioned in the form of a tree to provide a plurality of electrode blanks with a non-stick layer.

Abstract: A vehicle suspension control arm (10) is formed as a single, homogeneous unit of metal material in the configuration of an elongated tube (30). The tube (30) has first and second pairs of opposed openings (68, 68; 80, 80) defining first and second passages (72, 82) which are sized to receive first and second pivotal joint structures (20, 22), respectively. The first and second passages (72, 82) extend transversely through first and second hydroformed sections (40, 42) of the tube (30).

Abstract: A swaging machine (1) for swaging rod-shaped workpieces (W) has a ring-shaped forging box (3) supported in a machine frame (2) so as to be driven and rotated about the travel axis (A) of the workpiece (W), where in radial recesses (4) of the forging box forging punches (5) are accommodated which act against each other and can be lifted via a lifting drive (7) while the forging box rotates at the same time.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for forming a profile in an end wall of a drawn or drawn and wall ironed container on a punch. The apparatus includes a shape forming pad for deforming a central portion of the end wall to the desired profile, the shape forming pad being resiliently supported in a housing for limited motion relative to the housing in the direction of travel of the punch. The shape forming pad is preferably fixed to a floor of a hollow inner housing, a side wall of the hollow inner housing having an outwardly directed flange. The housing of the apparatus includes a peripheral flange to permit fixing to a press, and a side wall portion of the housing being closed at one end to contain resilient support means for the shape forming pad. The outwardly directed flange of the hollow inner housing overlaps the peripheral flange of the housing, thereby transmitting impact load on the shape forming pad through the peripheral flange.

Abstract: In a method of using a closed, extruded profile, developing a hollow profile and producing a stepped cross-sectional metal sheet with different wall thicknesses, the profile or the hollow profile is used as a starting material for rolling. The hollow profile has only one wall, which turns back in on itself in the peripheral direction without branching and is of different thicknesses at different points of the periphery. The hollow profile is separated along a surface line, is formed into the semifinished article and is subsequently rolled to produce the metal sheet.

Abstract: A hand held crimping tool which may be pneumatically or hydraulically operated and which utilizes first and second jaw members and first and second linking arms joined together such that they may move in a scissors-like movement, the pneumatic or hydraulic means operating on an actuating member which is connected to the first and second linking arms. The tool is conveniently used for crimping corrugated panels such as are used in wall and roof structures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas sensor element having physical, electrical and chemical properties capable of detecting methane and carbon monoxide selectively with 1 intergrated filtering, catalyzing sensor by improving gas selectivity of the semiconductor gas sensor. The present invention relates to a gas sensor element, which has a carbon monoxide sensor layer with an ability to function as a catalyst film that blocks carbon monoxide, which impedes detection of methane, and has a layer-built structure where the surface of a methane sensor is covered with the carbon monoxide gas sensor which can be obtained by a gas-phase method.

Abstract: An method and apparatus for testing of gas cylinders which combines a cylinder preparation station, a cylinder test station, a system controller for controlling data entry and cylinder testing, the system controller comprising a data entry device located near the cylinder preparation station, a test control device located near the cylinder station, and a memory comprising a cylinder test condition database and a cylinder test database. The apparatus is programmed to conduct a process comprising the steps of entering data from a cylinder into the data entry device, selecting test conditions for the cylinder from the cylinder test condition database, testing the cylinder using the test conditions, and adding test results for the cylinder to the cylinder test results database.

Abstract: A pipe leak locating system is provided including a pipe with an inlet. A plug is situated within the pipe and an air generator is mounted on the inlet of the pipe with a pressure gauge coupled therebetween for detecting the release of pressure within the pipe between the inlet and the plug.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting leaks in a fuel dispenser is operative to pneumatically pressurize a selectable one of a vapor recovery portion and a fuel dispensing portion using a compressed air flow. A flowmeter measures the flow rate of the compressed air communicated to the fuel dispenser for pressurization thereof. A processor provides an indication of the leakage condition of the fuel dispenser based upon the pneumatic flow rate measured by the flowmeter which satisfies a pressurization condition for the fuel dispenser, such as maintaining the pressurization level above a threshold value. The flow rate of compressed air needed to maintain this pressurization level is indicative of the leak rate.

Abstract: A leak detecting dye for use in heating, ventilating, air conditioning, or refrigeration systems employing a dye powder form of dyes such as naphthalimide, perylene, coumarin, and thioxanthane.The dye is formulated into a useful liquid or paste mixture by mixing the dye powder (or dye in granular or crystalline form) with a solvent, a lubricant, or a refrigerant. In liquid or paste form, it is suitable for introduction into the system.

Abstract: A dye-delivery structure for introducing a leak detection dye into a climate control system is described. The dye-delivery structure is formed by compression or molding a leak detection dye and a binding agent into a dye-delivery structure such as a tablet, sphere, pellet, or disk, which can be inserted into appropriate locations within the system.

Abstract: Apparatus for evaluating fuel lubricity under elevated pressure conditions is disclosed. The apparatus includes a housing including a sidewall defining an enclosed interior cavity adapted for receiving and holding a quantity of the fuel at the elevated temperature and pressure condition, and a port through the sidewall communicating with the interior cavity adapted for receiving a drive rod. A drive rod is positioned to extend through the port, the drive rod having a working end including a chuck adapted for supporting a ball for oscillating movement in the interior cavity of the housing, and an opposite drive end located externally of the housing adapted for connection to a power source operable for moving the drive rod to oscillate the chuck and the ball along a predetermined path of movement in the interior cavity. A seal member extends around the drive rod forming a sealed condition between the drive rod and the housing.

Abstract: The invention comprises a viscometer for indicating a liquid viscosity in terms of a measured rotational deflection imparted upon a support structure for supporting a bob within the liquid, which has a bob assembly unit suspended between the fixation points for a torsion wire. The torsion wire runs through a tube, which is connected to the bob. The tube has cutouts so that it may rotate in response to rotations of a cup, in which the bob is disposed. The framework to support the fixation points for the wire is preferably positioned to extend through cutouts in the tube so as not to interfere with rotational movements of the tube. An arm connected to the tube in conjunction with a transducer measures the angular defection of the wire for determination of viscosity for the fluid being examined.

Abstract: According to the device of the invention, measured values (V.sub.0 ', V') of an output V.sub.A of an opening sensor at two adjusted levels of throttle openings in both idling state and fast idling state and their ideal values (V.sub.0, V) are used. The value V.sub.0 ' in the idling state is subtracted from the output V.sub.A in a driving condition, (V.sub.A -V.sub.0 '), which is then multiplied by the ratio of ideal variation characteristics of the sensor output for a change of the throttle opening to those in the throttle valve product used, {(V-V.sub.0)/(V'-V.sub.0 ')}, to produce a correction signal T.sub.A matching the individual difference. Further, a reference value subtracted from the output V.sub.A in a driving condition is set as T.sub.AMIN which varies with the output V.sub.A, taking the difference of variation characteristics of the sensor output from ideal characteristics into account.

Abstract: A method for determining the adhesion of material layers of any composition on sintered ceramic elements, in particular of material layers on sensor elements for determining gas constituents in gas mixtures. The coated ceramic elements are immersed in an immersion bath consisting of a protic acid, and then subjected to a shock-type heat treatment. Adhesion is then assessed.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for passive measurement of atmospheric temperature using a passive direction detector for detecting the energy of a narrow wavelength band emanating from a volume of atmospheric gas. The resulting signal can be associated with an effective temperature. The effective temperature can be associated with an effective range. The system generates a temperature map which can determine, at predetermined time intervals, atmospheric temperatures in an azimuth plane associated with a predefined range from the detector. The temperature map can then be used to calculate temperature gradients that in turn can be used to compute the vertical wind vector difference and to determine the presence of clear air turbulence.

Abstract: A system for the detection and measurement of atmospheric air movement irregularities such as wind velocity vector, wind shear, downdraft, clear air turbulence, aircraft induced vorteces and turbulence, in particular along a glidepath near airports, whereby an air volume under investigation is illuminated by a radio wave transmitter with a beam of coherent electromagnetic energy and a resulting wave field is received and processed in processor means to derive information on the existence of said atmospheric irregularities and furthermore to give specific measurements of related parameters, comprising at least one receiver for said resulting wave field, which is due to scattering in said air volume, positioned at a bistatic location having a selected distance from said transmitter, characterized by acoustic transmitter means located between said transmitter and said at least one receiver, and adapted to emit acoustic waves into said air volume, with frequency and beamwidth of the acoustic waves chosen such tha

Abstract: The output characteristics of the sensing device or the control quantity of the sensing element can be adjusted by extracting or leading an adjusting terminal in addition to a power source terminal, a ground terminal, an output terminal and the like outside a housing containing and protecting an electronic circuit. Further, by arranging the adjusting terminal inside a connector housing containing terminals such as the power source terminal, the ground terminal, the output terminal and the like, contact of foreign objects with the adjusting terminal is prevented and the terminals are waterproofed for preventing corrosion since an associated connector is attached to the connector when the sensing device is actually used.

Abstract: A downsized angular velocity sensor is disclosed in which the detection sensitivity is improved. An oscillator oscillatably supported by support beams along two horizontal axes is formed of two rod-like members extending along the Y axis and an interconnecting portion. A hollow region is formed between each of the rod-like members and the interconnecting portion. Displacement detecting sections are disposed in the hollow regions. The displacement detecting sections are each constructed of an antenna-like electrode array, so that a greater amount of change in capacitance generated between the antenna-like electrodes can be obtained.

Abstract: A sensing structure (10) formed overlying a substrate (50), for example a semiconductor substrate, has a movable mass (12) substantially split into two halves with a self-test structure disposed between the two halves. The self-test structure has a plurality of single-capacitor actuators for displacing the movable mass. Each actuator is formed by a movable finger (18) connected to the movable mass and a fixed finger (44) mounted by an anchor to the substrate. Each actuator is shielded by a fixed shield finger (42) so that all actuators force the movable mass in a common direction.

Abstract: An free water measurement apparatus and device for measuring the free water that separates from the cement slurry as a matter of time during curing. There is also provided an apparatus and method for measuring the free water that separates from the cement slurry under the temperature and pressure conditions the cement slurry will encounter in the well-bore of an oil and gas well. The apparatus and method provided may further measure the compressive strength measurement of the cement slurry as it is cured.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for the ultrasonic inspection of a multilayer metal workpiece consisting of at least one parent metal layer and a clad metal layer, and having an outer surface, at least one boundary surface, and an inner surface, the device comprising a housing accommodating at least three spaced-apart, ultrasonic transducing means capable of receiving electrical input signals, initiating transmission of ultrasonic waves to the workpiece, and receiving reflected ultrasonic waves to be transduced into electrical output signals, the transducing means being constituted by an acoustic prism having a first face for at least indirectly contacting a workpiece, a second face extending in a plane forming an angle .alpha. with the plane of the outer surface of the workpiece, and a piezocrystal attached to the second face, wherein the distance L.sub.