Abstract: A large-format fireclay refractory brick for use as bottom block in a tin bath and a method for its manufacture, said brick formed of material of the Al2O3—SiO2 system filling material and opening material. The preferred embodiment of the brick has an upper and a lower layer with the filling and/or opening material contained only in the lower layer. The brick has an open porosity of 20 to 25 percent by volume, a gas permeability of less than 3 nPm and an H2-diffusion of less than 150 mm H2O, resulting in a brick with improved resistance to alkali attack and decreased caloric conductivity.

Abstract: This patent describes an economical and environment-friendly continuous process for the synthesis of anionic clay-containing compositions. It involves reacting a slurry comprising aluminium trihydrate and/or its calcined form, with a magnesium source. There is no necessity to wash or filter the product. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity products.

Abstract: A methanol reforming reactor includes a reforming reaction space into which a methanol reforming catalyst is charged. The methanol reforming catalyst is present at the start of the reforming reaction operation in a pre-aged state in the reforming reaction space. A process for pre-aging the methanol reforming catalyst comprises heating at a temperature of between approximately 240° C. and approximately 350° C. and at a load of between approximately 0.5 m3H2/h and approximately 50 m3H2/h per liter of catalyst material in a methanol/water atmosphere. The reactor may be used in fuel-cell-operated motor vehicles for generating hydrogen for the fuel cells by means of the water vapor reforming of methanol.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ethylene copolymer resin that has unique melt elastic properties not observed in ethylene copolymers heretofore known. Specifically, the ethylene copolymer resin of the present invention when in pelletized form has a reduction in melt elasticity (ER) of 10% or more to a final value of 1.0 or less upon rheometric low shear modification or solution dissolution. Moreover, the resin of the present invention when in reactor-made form exhibits at least a partially reversible increase of 10% or more in ER when pelletizing the same. An ethylene polymerization catalyst, a process of preparing the ethylene copolymer resin and a high-impact film are also provided herein.

Abstract: A novel multiply crosslinked transition metal compound represented by the formula (I): wherein M is a metallic element of the Groups 3 to 10 or the lanthanide series of the Periodic Table; E1 and E2 are each a &sgr;-bonding or &pgr;-bonding ligand; X is a &sgr;-bonding ligand; Y is a Lewis base; A1, A2, . . . An and D are each a crosslinking group, and at least one of A1, A2, . . . An comprises a crosslink consisting of carbon alone; n is 2 to 4; p is 1 to 4; q is 1 to 5 and equal to the valence of M minus 2; r is 0 to 3; and s is 0 to 4, and a production process thereof. The transition metal compound is useful as a component of a polymerization catalyst for catalyzing the production of an olefin polymer having a uniform composition and a narrow molecular weight distribution in a high yield.

Abstract: A composition, comprising (a) a compound of formula I (R1R2R3P)xLyM2+Z1−Z2−   (I), wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each independently of one another H, C1-C20alkyl, C1-C20-alkoxy; C4-C12cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl or C1-C6alkoxy; C4-C12cycloalkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl or C1-C6alkoxy; C6-C16aryl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl or C1-C6alkoxy; C6-Cl6aryloxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl or C1-C6alkoxy; C7-C16-aralkyloxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl or C1-C6alkoxy; or C7-C16aralkyloxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl or C1-C6alkoxy; or R2 and R3 together are tetra- or pentamethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl or C1-C6alkoxy; tetra- or pentamethylenedioxyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C6al

Abstract: A process for hydrocyanation of an aliphatic monoethylenically unsaturated compound, in which the ethylenic double bond is not conjugated to any other unsaturated group in the molecule, or a monoethylenically unsaturated compound in which the ethylenic double bond is conjugated to an ester group, which process uses a catalyst composition comprising a zero-valent nickel and a multidentate phosphite ligand in the presence of a Lewis acid promoter.

Abstract: Improved liquid phase process useful in the hydrocyanation of diolefinic compounds to produce nonconjugated acyclic nitriles and to the liquid phase process of isomerization of the nitriles to, among other things, 3- and/or 4-monoalkene linear nitriles. The improvement involves conducting the process in the presence of zero-valent nickel and a multidentate phosphite ligand.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a carrier catalyst for a use in acrolein oxidation reaction. Metallic salt components of the catalyst including molybdate, vanadate and tungstate are dissolved in water. An additional metallic salt component of the catalyst is added to the aqueous solution of the salts to form a suspension of the catalyst. In the suspension, the total weight of water is about 0.8 to about 5 times of the total weight of the metallic salts in the catalyst. This method of preparing suspension minimizes the amount of water required to dissolve the metallic salts, which reduces the amount of time and energy to be used in evaporating water from the suspension in the following step of obtaining catalyst. Additionally, in obtaining catalyst from the suspension prepared by this method, it is possible to avoid the deterioration of the catalytic performance since less heat is required to evaporate the water. Disclosed also is a method of producing a carrier-retained catalyst.

Abstract: In the manufacturing process of the exhaust gas purifying catalyst (3), rhodium is supported by the base material using the rhodium carbonyl cluster solution in which rhodium carbonyl cluster is dissolved into methanol in the step of forming the upper catalytic layer (6) including rhodium and platinum as catalytic metals. By this, the dispersibility of rhodium in the base material is highly raised, and further rhodium is effectively restrained from being oxidized during the manufacturing process of the catalyst (3). Thus, according to the exhaust gas purifying catalyst (3) particularly, the purifying performance of NOx at both of lower exhaust gas temperature and higher exhaust gas temperature is highly improved.

Abstract: The invention is a method for treating diesel exhaust gases, i.e., in an oxidizing atmosphere, with a catalyst which has a broadened operating temperature window at higher temperatures. It is a mixture of particles comprising platinum/alumina and a bi-metal oxide of manganese and zirconium.

Abstract: A reversible thermosensitive recording medium includes a support and a composite laminated recording layer formed on the support, the composite laminated recording layer including a reversible thermosensitive recording layer whose transparency or color reversibly changes by the application of heat thereto and a light-to-heat converting layer containing a light-to-heat converting material and a resin, and the composite laminated recording layer having a thermal pressure level difference of 40% or less.

Abstract: A transfer-type laminate film is disclosed, comprising a thermal transfer laminate layer for image protection as formed on a substrate, wherein the thermal transfer laminate layer contains an ultraviolet absorbent that is liquid at ordinary temperature.

Abstract: Cells of a novel strain of Drechslera monoceras having practical weed controlling activity against barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp.) at temperatures ranging from 26° C. to 35° C., and exhibiting no pathogenicity to major crops, including rice, are used as a herbicidal component.

Abstract: Compositions of exogenous chemicals, particularly phloem-mobile exogenous chemicals, are provided for treatment of plants, wherein the composition comprises the exogenous chemical and an enhancing agent consisting of an anthraquinone or substituted anthraquinone. Specific compositions contain herbicides, particularly N-phosphonomethylglycine and herbicidal derivatives thereof, i.e., glyphosate. The compositions exhibit enhanced effectiveness compared to compositions in which the enhancing agent is not present. Also provided are processes for applying an exogenous chemical with an anthraquinone or substituted anthraquinone enhancing agent to achieve enhanced biological effectiveness.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I, and their N-oxides and agriculturally suitable salts, are disclosed which are useful for controlling undesired vegetation and Q, W, X, Y, Z, and R1 through R8 are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula I and a method for controlling undesired vegetation which involves contacting the vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound of Formula I.

Abstract: The invention relates to biologically active novel compounds having formula (I) as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of preparing said compounds, fungicidal compositions comprising, as an active ingredient, these compounds, use of the compounds, and method of controlling fungi at loci infested or liable to be infested therewith.

Abstract: An oxide superconductor which exhibits an uniform and high critical current is disclosed. Further, a method of manufacturing this oxide superconductor is disclosed, namely, a RE—Ba—Cu—O oxide superconductor (RE is one or more kinds of rare earth elements including Y) by performing a treatment, which includes at least a burning process to be performed in a range of temperatures that are higher than a melting point of a raw material mixture containing a RE-compound raw material, Ba-compound raw material and a Cu-compound raw material, on the raw material mixture. This method further includes a step of crushing the raw material mixture into particles and establishing the mean particle diameter of one or all of the raw materials as ranging from 50 to 80 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A process for preparing an oxide thin film which has a crystalline, clean and smooth surface on a substrate. The process is conducted by using an apparatus comprising a vacuum chamber in which an oxidizing gas of O2 including O3 can be supplied near the substrate so that pressure around the substrate can be increased while maintaining high vacuum near an evaporation source and Knudsen cell evaporation sources arranged in the vacuum chamber wherein the substrate is heated, molecular beam of constituent atoms of the oxide excluding oxygen are supplied from the K cell evaporation sources, an oxidizing gas is locally supplied to the vicinity of the substrate and a growing thin film is illuminated by ultraviolet.

Abstract: An oxide superconductor article is provided having an oxide superconductor film having a thickness of greater than 0.5 microns disposed on a substrate, said article having a transport critical current density (Jc) of greater than or equal to about 105 A/cm2 at 77 K, zero field. The oxide superconductor film is characterized by high Jc and high volume percent of c-axis epitaxial oxide grains, even with thicknesses of up to 1 micron.

Abstract: The invention concerns a water based foaming composition and the method of making it. The composition is optimized in that it contains a surfactant specifically selected according to the polymer also present in the composition. The surfactant and the polymer are selected so that they are oppositely charged. The invention is very useful in drilling or treating wells.

Abstract: The addition of fibrous mixtures in intimate mixtures with particulates for fracturing and gravel packing decreases or eliminates the undesirable flowback of proppant or formation fines while stabilizing the sand pack and lowering the demand for high polymer loadings in the placement fluids. Fibers are useful for forming a porous pack in the subterranean formation. In some cases, channels or fingers of void spaces with reduced concentrations of proppant may be introduced into the proppant pack.

Abstract: A lubricating grease composition includes from 2 to 20% by weight of titanium alkoxide; from 2 to 20% by weight of carboxylic acid other than fatty acid; from 5.0 to 35.0% by weight of fatty acids; from 0.0 to 5.0% by weight of water; from 20 to 90% by weight of oil selected from the group consisting of mineral and synthetic oil; and from 0.01 to 50% of performance additives.

Abstract: Lubricating oil compositions having enhanced friction coefficient and wear properties are provided by compositions of an oil of lubricating viscosity with additives of molybdenum and diesters of aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method of reducing compressor gas leakage by providing a compression cylinder with a lubricant comprising less than about 1% of a synergistic mixture of antioxidants.

Abstract: Polar monomer-containing copolymers derived from at least one &agr;, &bgr; unsaturated carbonyl compound, such as alkyl acrylates and one or more olefins, such olefins including ethylene and C3-C20 &agr;-olefins such as propylene and 1-butene, which copolymers have (a) an average ethylene sequence length, ESL, of from about 1.0 to less than about 3.

Abstract: The use of 3-methyl-5-cyclohexylpentanol, 3-methyl-5-cyclohexylpentanal or mixtures thereof as fragrance materials is disclosed. The subject materials possess unique fragrance notes and are advantageous in that they are cost-effective.

Abstract: A cleaning solution for contact lenses is described that includes a carbohydrate that is a mono- or disaccharide, its alcohols or partially hydrolyzed esters or mixtures thereof. Preferred carbohydrates are sorbitol, glucose, maltose, sucrose, dulcitol, dextran, dextrin, mannitol, maltitol, or mannose, preferably in an amount of 0.001 to 10% by weight of an aqueous solution for cleaning the contact lenses. A preferred composition for cleaning contact lenses comprises sorbitol in an amount of about 0.1 to 1% by weight in an aqueous solution. A method for cleaning contact lenses with said carbohydrate cleaning solution is described and may be combined, for simultaneously cleaning and disinfecting contact lenses, with a chemical, antimicrobial agent or thermal disinfecting regimen.

Abstract: Aqueous cleaning compositions having high foaming power and minimal effect on the skin which comprise (A) from about 1 to about 50% by weight of one or more anionic surfactants having 1 or 2 lipophilic groups each of which has from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and a polar group selected from the group consisting of a carboxylate, a sulfate, and a sulfonate group; (B) from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight of one or more alkyl glycosides of the formula R(G)x wherein R is a linear, saturate C8-22 alkyl group, (G) is a glycoside or oligoglycoside moiety, and x is a number from 1 to 4; (C) from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of an anionic polymer; (D) from about 35 to about 98.4% by weight of water; wherein the sum total of components (B) and (C) is no greater man the amount of component (A).

Abstract: An aqueous composition comprising a. a skin cleansing effective amount of a surfactant or mixture thereof; b. a silicone in quantities of from about 0.1 to about 8 wt. % of the composition; c. a hydrocarbonaceous material in quantities of from about 0.1 to about 8 wt. % of the composition; d. a cationic polymer in quantities of from about 0.02 to about 1 wt. % of the composition; e.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic dishwashing composition which can be in the form of a tablet which generally comprises a hydrated alkali metal phosphate detergent builder salt, an anhydrous alkali metal phosphate detergent builder salt, an alkali metal carbonate, a dialkali metal disilicate, a nonionic surfactant, a polymer containing sulfonic acid groups, a peroxygen bleach, a peroxygen bleach activator, a protease enzyme, an amylase enzyme, a hydrotrope and a clay.

Abstract: The present invention relates to detergent compositions containing alkaolamine, preferably triethanolamines, divalent ions, chelants, and amphoteric surfactants. More particularly, the invention is directed to detergent compositions for hand dishwashing which has improved grease removal performance and benefits in sudsing. The detergent compositions of this invention can be in any form, including granular, gel or liquid. Highly preferred embodiments are in liquid form.

Abstract: A light duty, liquid comprising: two sulfonate surfactants, an ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate, an amine oxide or a C12-C14 fatty acid mono alkanol amide, a poly (oxyethylene) diamine, and water.

Abstract: A light duty, liquid comprising: a paraffin sulfonate, an alpha olefin sulfonate, a sultaine surfactant, a chemical linker compound, a magnesium containing inorganic compound, and water.

Abstract: A light duty, liquid comprising: a paraffin sulfonate, an alpha olefin sulfonate, a positively charged polymer such as a poly (oxyethylene) diamine, a sultaine surfactant, a magnesium containing inorganic compound, and water.

Abstract: A vehicle cleaning solution is provided including a predetermined amount of mineral spirits and a predetermined amount of jeweler's rouge mixed with the mineral spirits for cleaning various vehicular components.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions suitable for formation into mild personal cleansing or laundry detergent bars, as well as other uses. The compositions generally comprise: (a) from about 30% to about 99% by weight of a mixture of anionic surfactants comprising: i) an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester; and ii) a sulfonated fatty acid; (a) from about 0.5% to about 50% by weight of a fatty acid; and (b) from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight water; wherein the ratio of i) to ii) is from about 10:1 to about 0.5:1, and wherein the ratio of (a) to (b) is about 1:1 to about 11:1.

Abstract: The use of water-soluble copolymers which comprise (a) 5-20 mol % of N-vinylimidazole or 4-vinylpyridine N-oxide units, (b) 95-50 mol % of N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinyloxazolidone, methyl-N-vinylimidazole units or mixtures thereof and (c) 0-30 mol % of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomer units, and have an average molecular weight Mw of more than 50,000 as color transfer inhibitors in detergents.

Abstract: A mixture comprising (a) from 0.1 to 99% by weight of at least one polycarboxylate having at least 3 carboxyls, (b) from 0.1 to 99% by weight of at least one amine having a pKa value of more than 9, and (c) from 0.1 to 99% by weight of at least one acid selected from the group consisting of mineral acids and organic acids having one or two carboxyls and not more than 10 carbons, with the proviso that the mixture contains less than 24% by weight of triphosphates, is used in detergent and rinse aid formulations.

Abstract: An antimicrobial agent suitable for eradicating Legionella contains at least one amine oxide represented by the formula (1) and/or at least one amine oxide represented by the formula (2). R1 represents CnH2n+1(OC2H4)m, n varies from 12 to 18, m varies from 0 to 10, R2 represents a hydrogen or alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atom(s), and the solid arrow represents a coordinate bond between a nitrogen and oxygen. R1 represents CnH2n+1(OC2H4)m, n varies from 12 to 18, m varies from 0 to 10, R3 represents (CpH2p)OH with p varying from 1 to 4, and the solid arrow represents a coordinate bond between a nitrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: Detergent compositions containing protopectinase whose optimum pH for the reaction is 7.0 or higher when protopectin or polygalacturonic acid is used as a substrate. The detergent compositions are endowed with remarkable detergency against mud soil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods of removal of contaminants from textiles and related fabrics and garments. The present cleaning compositions contain at least one vegetable oil ester or fatty acid ester and a surfactant in combination with water and rinse compositions which are also preferably employed in a method aspect comprise at least one glycol ether or glycol acetate and water.

Abstract: A composition comprising: an organic chemical having a chemical group having a dipole moment of at least about 1.5 Debyes and a chemical linker selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol, a polyvinyl pyrrolidone and a polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 600 to about 10,000, wherein the molar ratio of organic chemical to chemical linker is about 4:1 to 1:4.

Abstract: A process for conditioning pastes comprising at least 40% by weight of anionic surfactant is provided. The paste is conditioned by mixing alkyl sulphate powder with the surfactant paste in a ratio of at least 1 part powder to 100 parts paste. This conditioning step increases the viscosity of the surfactant paste. The conditioned paste is processed into agglomerates by granulating with builder powders wherein the ratio of high viscosity paste to builder powder is from 9:1 to 1:5. This process enables detergent agglomerates with high surfactant activity to be formed.

Abstract: A non-tower process for continuously preparing granular detergent composition having a density of at least about 600 g/l is provided. The process comprises the steps of (a) dispersing a surfactant, and coating the surfactant with fine powder having a diameter from 0.1 to 500 microns, in a mixer, wherein first agglomerates are formed, (b) thoroughly mixing the first agglomerates in a mixer, wherein second agglomerates are formed, and (c) spraying finely atomized liquid onto the second agglomerates in a mixer.

Abstract: Thickening agents based on fatty acid monoisopropanolamide which are etherified with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, their use in surface-active formulations and formulations comprising an active amount of these thickening agents.

Abstract: There is provided a rinse aid composition containing an amino tricarboxylic acid or its salts or complexes. The pH of said composition as a 1% solution in distilled water at 20°C. is preferably less than 7.

Abstract: A perfume fixative consisting essentially of polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxy propyl cellulose and hydrophobic oil. The perfume fixative is being incorporated in a perfume-containing formulation or product. The fixative is found to be effective in enhancing perfume life, even when utilized at low levels.

Abstract: Peptides which have a net positive charge and none or only a partial a-helix configuration were found to have a non-hemolytic selective cytolytic activity. The peptides may be derived from natural peptides such as pardaxin and mellitin and fragments thereof in which L-amino acid residues are replaced by corresponding D-amino acid residues, and cyclic derivatives of the foregoing, or are diastereomers of linear peptides composed of varying ratios of at least one positively charged amino acid and at least one hydrophobic amino acid, and in which at least one of the amino acid residues is a D-amino acid, and preferably at least one third of the sequence is composed of D-amino acid residues. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the non-hemolytic cytolytic peptides can be used for the treatment of several diseases caused by pathogens including antibacterial, fungal, viral, mycoplasma and protozoan infections and for the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a substantially pure mammalian globin chain or heme-binding fragment thereof. The invention is further directed to recombinant DNA vectors capable of expressing at least one globin chain or substantially homologous variant thereof in yeast. The invention also relates to methods for expressing at least one globin chain or substantially homologous variant thereof in yeast. Expressed alpha-like globin and beta-like globin chains or variants thereof may be combined with a source of heme to produce hemoglobin or a substantially homologous variant thereof. Additionally, expressed gamma-globin chains may be combined with a source of heme to produce hemoglobin or a substantially homologous variant thereof. The invention also relates to methods for expressing hemoglobin or variants thereof in yeast where the heme is produced by the yeast and ligated to globins to form hemoglobin in vivo.