Abstract: Pharmaceutical composition which comprises an insulin sensitivity enhancer in combination with other antidiabetics differing from the enhancer in the mechanism of action, which shows a potent depressive effect on diabetic hyperglycemia and is useful for prophylaxis and treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I wherein the substituents are as described in the specification or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, useful for treating diseases related to calcium imbalance and metabolism.

Abstract: Novel benzotriazoles of the formula in which R, X1, X2, X3, X4 and Y have the meanings given in the description, and their acid addition salts and metal salt complexes, a process for the preparation of these substances and their use as microbicides in crop protection and in material protection.

Abstract: New pesticidal substituted biphenytoxazolines of the formula (I) in which A, B, X, m and n have the meanings stated in the description, and new intermediates therefor.

Abstract: A composition comprising effective amounts of a) a carbamate of the formula I where X is CH or N, n is 0, 1 or 2 and R is halogen, C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C4-haloalkyl, it being possible for the radicals R to be different if n is 2, and b) a dithiocarbamate (II) selected from the group consisting of manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (zinc complex) (IIa), manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IIb), zinc ammoniate ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IIc) and zinc ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IId) and optionally c) 1-(2-cyano-2-methoxyiminoacetyl)-3-ethylurea (III) H3CCH2—NHCONH—CO—C(CN)═NOCH3  (III) which exhibits a synergistically enhanced fungicidal effect is described.

Abstract: This invention involves compounds having the structure (I) as described in the claims, and enantiomers,optical isomers, stereoisomers, diastereomers, tautomers, addition salts, biohydrolyzable amides and esters thereof, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such noved compounds. The invention also relates to the use of such compounds for preventing or treating disorders modulated by alpha-2 adrenoceptors.

Abstract: Treatment with a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist is described as being useful in reducing recipient rejection of transplanted organs and for treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of formula (I): wherein: A represents an optionally substituted benzene ring, B represents an imidazoline ring of formula (Ia) or (Ib): and medicinal products containing the same/are useful in treating or in preventing depression, obesity, panic attacks, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorders, cognitive disorders, phobias, impulsive disorders associated with the abuse of drugs and withdrawal therefrom, sexual dysfunctions, and Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: A method for increasing the synthesis and accumulation of beta-alanylhistidine dipeptides, with a simultaneous increase in the accumulation of creatine, in bodily tissues of humans and animals is described. This is accomplished by causing an increase in the blood plasma concentrations of beta-alanine and creatine, or the blood plasma concentrations of beta-alanine, L-histidine and creatine, by the ingestion or infusion of a composition including beta-alanine, beta-alanine and creatine, or beta-alanine, L-histidine and creatine, or active derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Compounds represented by general formula (I) or their salts, having &bgr;3-adrenoceptor agonism and being efficacious when employed in drugs for treating and preventing diabetes, obesity, hyperlipemia, etc. wherein R represents hydrogen or methyl; R1 represents hydrogen, halogeno, hydroxy, benzyloxy, amino or hydroxymethyl; R2 represents hydrogen, hydroxymethyl, NHR3, SO2NR4R4 ′ or nitro (wherein R3 represents hydrogen, methyl, SO2R5, formyl or CONHR6′; R5 represents lower alkyl, benzyl or NR4R4′; R4 and R4′ may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen, lower alkyl or benzyl; and R6′ represents hydrogen or lower alkyl); R6 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl; n is 1 or 2; X represents secondary nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur; and when n is 1, then one of R7 and R8 represents hydrogen while another represents hydrogen, amino, acetylamino or hydroxy, or when n is 2, then R8 represents hydrogen while R7 represents hydrogen, amino, acetylamino or hydroxy.

Abstract: This application relates to the use as thrombin inhibitors, coagulation inhibitors and thromboembolic disorder agents of heterocyclic derivatives of formula (I) as defined herein. It also provides novel compounds of formula (I), processes and intermediates for their preparation, and pharmaceutical formulations comprising the novel compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: Selected heterocyclecarbonyl amino acid hydroxyethylamino sulfonamide compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease. The present invention relates to such retroviral protease inhibitors and, more particularly, relates to selected novel compounds, composition and method for inhibiting retroviral proteases, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease, prophylactically preventing retroviral infection or the spread of a retrovirus, and treatment of a retroviral infection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pyrrole derivative of the following formula [1] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate of either of them, as an active ingredient. (wherein R1 represents hydrogen or alkoxycarbonylamino, R2 represents alkyl, aryl which may be substituted, aromatic heterocyclyl which may be substituted, unsubstituted amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, or cyclic amino which may be substituted; R3 represents cyano or carbamoyl; R4 represents hydrogen or alkyl; E represents alkylene; q is equal to 0 or 1, A represents methyl, aryl which may be substituted, or aromatic heterocyclyl which may be substituted) The pharmaceutical composition of the invention is effective for the treatment of pollakiuria or urinary incontinence.

Abstract: 2-Cyano-3,5-dihydroxyhex-2-enecarboxamide derivatives are suitable for the production of pharmaceuticals for the prophylaxis and therapy of diseases or disorders whose course involves increased connective tissue or cartilage degradation.

Abstract: Methods of treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of a dicationic dibenzofuran compound described by Formula (I). Methods of treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia also comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of a dicationic dibenzothiophene compound described by Formula (II). Novel compounds are also disclosed, and are represented by the Formulae (I) and (II).

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising a first component (a) which is (R)-3-N,N-dicyclobutylamino-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-5-carboxamide hydrogen (2R,3R)-tartrate monohydrate and a second component (b) which is a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, excluding citalopram and paroxetine. The invention is further directed to the preparation of the composition, pharmaceutical formulations containing said composition, and a method of treatment of affective disorders such as mood disorders and anxiety disorders with said composition, as well as a kit containing said composition.

Abstract: Methods for inhibiting &Dgr;-5-desaturase activity, for inhibiting arachidonic acid metabolism, for inhibiting PGE2 levels and for inhibiting PLA2 activity comprising administering sesamol are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a mycophenolate salt, the composition being adapted to release mycophenolate in the upper part of the intestinal tract.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): R—NH—A—CO—NH—NH—(W)n—Z  (I) wherein: n is 0 or 1, W represents —CO— or S(O)r wherein r is 0, 1 or 2, Z represents a group selected from aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl and heteroarylalkyl, each optionally substituted, R represents a grouping selected from: Z1—T—CO—, Z1—O—T—CO—, Z1—T—O—CO—, Z1—T—S(O)q— wherein Z1, T and q are as defined in the description, A represents alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene each having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, alkylenecycloalkylene, cycloalkylenealkylene, alkylenecycloalkylenealkylene, alkylenearylene, arylenealkylene, alkylenearylenealkylene a grouping wherein B1 is as defined in the description, or A forms with the adjacent nitrogen atom a grouping as defined in the description, and medicinal products containing the same which are useful as Neuropeptide Y receptor

Abstract: 13-thia prostaglandins are useful in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Also disclosed are ophthalmic, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said prostaglandins.

Abstract: Betulin and dihydrobetulin acyl derivatives according to the present invention have been found to have potent anti-HIV activity. The compounds of the present invention have the following formulae: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1 is a C2-C20 substituted or unsubstituted carboxyacyl, R2 is a C2-C20 substituted or unsubstituted carboxyacyl; and R3 is hydrogen, halogen, amino, optionally substituted mono- or di-alkylamino, or —OR4, where R4 is hydrogen, C1-4 alkanoyl, benzoyl, or C2-C20 substituted or unsubstituted carboxyacyl; wherein the dashed line represents an optional double bond between C20 and C29.

Abstract: Creatine pyruvates are described which have the general formula (I) (creatine)x(pyruvate)y(H2O)n  (I) where x=1 to 100 y=1 to 10 and n=0 to 10 These creatine pyruvates, which are produced by way of the relatively simple reaction of creatine with pyruvic acid, can be used to enhance long-term performance and strength in the field of sport, to reduce weight and body fat in the field of health, to treat conditions of oxygen deficit (ischemia), obesity and overweight, as food supplements and radical scavenger.

Abstract: The present invention provides new retinoid compounds and uses of the compounds in humans and animals for chemoprevention of skin and/or breast cancer and for therapy of leukemia.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I): wherein for example, a compound below: wherein R1 is CH3, H or Na; and X1-X2-X3 is or its salt or a hydrate thereof is useful as PGD2 antagonist and can be used as a drug for treating diseases in which mast cell dysfunction is involved, for example, systemic mastocytosis and disorder of systemic mast cell activation, and also tracheal contraction, asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, urticaria, injury due to ischemic reperfusion, and as an anti-inflammatory agent. It is particularly useful in the treatment of nasal occlusion.

Abstract: A creatine supplement comprising creatine and ribose in a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle for internal administration. The supplement further includes nutrients selected from the group consisting of vitamins, minerals, amino acids and liquid carbohydrates. In addition, the supplement includes a suitable pharmaceutical excipient selected from the group consisting of fillers, lubricants, binders, colorings and flavorings. Further, the supplement is in a pharmaceutical carrier selected from the group consisting of a tablet, capsule, cream, ointment, solution, gel, suspension, suppository or spray.

Abstract: A method is provided for preventing or reducing the risk of restenosis following angioplasty by administering a retinoid, such as an RXR-selective retinoid, e.g. the compound of the formula: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters and amides thereof.

Abstract: wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are selected independently from each other from —NR5R6, —NR5R6R7+, hydrogen, aryl or heteroaryl with up to 7 ring members, C1-C20-alkyl, C1-C20-alkenyl and C1-C20-alkinyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl and alkinyl residues can be branched, unbranched or cyclized and optionally substituted with halogen, aryl or heteroaryl with up to 7 ring members, with the proviso that at least one of the residues R1, R2, R3 and R4 are represented by —NR5R6 or —NR5R6R7; and R5, R6 and R7 are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, aryl or heteroaryl with up to 7 ring members, C1-C20-alkyl, C1-C20-alkenyl, C1-C20-alkinyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl and alkinyl residues can be branched, unbranched or cyclized and optionally substituted with halogen, aryl or heteroaryl with up to 7 ring members, or R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen atom, form a heterocyclic group with up to 7 ring members; for the regulation of the activity of already activ

Abstract: Biocidal preservatives for use especially in preventing rotting and deterioration of wood include quaternary ammonium compounds which preferably have a fatty aliphatic substituent on the quaternary nitrogen atom. Especially preferred are cocoalkyl substituents. Other substituents can include alkoxy groups, arenes, and heterocyclic groups with or without ring substitutions, for example. The quaternary ammonium compound can also contain an amine nitrogen and can be complexed with copper.

Abstract: This invention relates to ketones, alcohols and amines represented by the likes of of 3-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylethynylcyclobutan-1-one. They are useful as PDE 4 antagonists.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of treating patients afflicted with acute renal failure. The method includes administering to a patient in need of treatment an effective amount of a thiol or reducible disulfide compound according to the formula set forth in the specification.

Abstract: Processes for producing gel compositions comprising: esterifying a portion of the surface of a gel composition sufficient to produce a gel composition having a rod density of less than or equal to 0.15 g/cc, and/or a tap density of less than or equal to 0.2 g/cc through contact with at least one esterification agent and at least one catalyst. The processes may be utilized to produce low density gel compositions without the need for a supercritical drying step or thermal treatment.

Abstract: A process for preparing organoclays as thixotropic agents to control the rheology of water-based paints and other aqueous and polar-organic systems. The process relates to treating low-grade clay ores to achieve highly purified organoclays and/or to incorporate surface modifying agents onto the clay by adsorption and/or to produce highly dispersed organoclays without excessive grinding or high shear dispersion. The process involves the treatment of impure, or run-of-mine, clay using an aqueous biphasic extraction system to produce a highly dispersed clay, free of mineral impurities and with modified surface properties brought about by adsorption of the water-soluble polymers used in generating the aqueous biphasic extraction system. This invention purifies the clay to greater than 95%.

Abstract: A stable emulsion composition is disclosed which comprises: (A) a metal overbased gelled composition, prepared by forming a mixture of (i) a carbonated overbased material in an oleophilic medium, which material contains a metal salt of at least one organic acid material containing at least 8 carbon atoms, and (ii) an alcohol or an alcohol-water mixture; (B) a surfactant; and (C) an aqueous liquid. The stable emulsion composition may further comprise at least one of a solute, a suspended solid or an oxidation inhibitor.

Abstract: A method for preventing or breaking oil and water mixtures comprising adding thereto a branched reaction product of A) at least one linking compound of formula I R1(X)3  (I) wherein each X group is a halogen atom or one X group is a halogen atom and two X groups with two adjacent carbon atoms in the R1 group and an oxygen atom from an epoxy group, and R1 is an alkanetriyl group containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms; B) at least one compound of formula II and/or formula III R2(OA)nOH  (II) wherein R2 is an aliphatic group containing from 3 to 36 carbon atoms, n is a number of from 0 to 200, and each OA group is independently an ethyleneoxy, 1,2-propyleneoxy, or 1,2-butyleneoxy group.

Abstract: A process for converting a hydrocarbon gas (e.g. natural gas) to syngas which, in turn, is converted into a liquid hydrocarbon product wherein a substantial amount of the heat generated in the process is recovered for use in generating steam needed in the process or for conversion into mechanical energy. Further, tail gas produced by the process is used to fuel the gas turbine which, in turn, is used power the compressors needed for compressing the air used in the process. By using tail gas to fuel the gas turbine, less of the compressed combustion-air is needed to cool the combustion gases in the turbine and, instead, can be used to provide a portion of the process-air required in the process; thereby possibly saving up to 20 to 30 percent of the horsepower otherwise needed to compress the required volume of process-air.

Abstract: Process for recycling an article based on at least one vinyl chloride polymer, in which: (a) the article is shredded into fragments having an average dimension of 1 cm to 50 cm, should it exceed these dimensions; (b) the fragments of the article, which are substantially dry, are brought into contact with a substantially anhydrous solvent capable of dissolving the vinyl chloride polymer, forming an azeotrope with water; (c) the polymer dissolved in the solvent is precipitated by injecting steam in the solution thus obtained, which moreover leads to the stripping of the water-solvent azeotrope and so leaves behind a mixture essentially consisting of water and of solid polymer particles; (d) the polymer particles are recovered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to coating composition, which is suitable for preparing light fast coatings and contains a cosolvent-free, aqueous, anionic dispersion of polyurethane-ureas, the solids content of which contains the reaction product, present at least partially in salt form, of a) an NCO prepolymer prepared from i) an aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic diisocyanate, ii) a macrodiol having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000 iii) a 2,2-bis-(hydroxymethyl)alkane monocarboxylic acid and iv) a diol having a molecular weight of 62 to 400, with b) optionally a diamine, c) a monofunctional chain terminating agent, d) water and e) a neutralizing agent, provided that the NCO content of the prepolymer is up to 25% lower than the theoretical value, the entire polyurethane-urea synthesis reaction is performed in the homogeneous phase and no cosolvent having a boiling range of greater than 100° C. is used during the preparation of the dispersion of polyurethane-ureas.

Abstract: The invention herein relates to a process of preparing a novel polyimide foam having superior heat-resistance, flame retardancy, homogeneous size and distribution of cells, and low density, wherein a polyimide precursor in a granular form is prepared by means of using heterocyclic amine as catalyst and then foaming. According to the present invention, the preparing process of a polyimide foam comprises reacting aromatic carboxylic acid or the anhydrides thereof with an excess of aliphatic univalent alcohol to yield an aromatic ester solution. To the aromatic ester solution, divalent amines or the mixture thereof were added in the equivalent amount of said carboxylic acid or the anhydrides thereof in addition to a catalyst and surfactant to yield a polyimide. Then, the precursor in a granular form mixture was imidized while foaming by means of pre-heating and then heating in a microwave oven, after which was cured at a high temperature.

Abstract: Nanoporous polymeric materials are fabricated in which polymeric strands are crosslinked via ring structures. Preferred ring structures are formed de novo during crosslinking, and at least some of the ring structures are preferably included in the backbones of the strands. At least one of the ring structures may advantageously comprise an aromatic structure, and may more advantageously comprise a benzyl moiety. Especially preferred polymers comprise a poly(arylene ether) synthesized from a difluoroaromatic portion and an aromatic bisphenolic portion. In another preferred aspect, the difluoroaromatic portions of the poly(arylene ether) carry at least two different crosslinking functionalities. In an even more preferred aspect, the crosslinking functionalities comprise an ethynyl and a tetracyclone. Nanoporosity is preferably introduced by thermolyzing one or more thermolabile portions in the crosslinked polymer. An especially preferred thermolabile portion comprises ethylene glycol-poly(caprolactone).

Abstract: (Meth)acrylate functional compound which is the reaction product of a cyclic secondary amine and a poly(meth)acrylate having at least three acrylate or methacrylate groups, useful for radiation curable coating or ink composition having low viscosity, low volatility, and high cure rate under radiation. Process of preparing a coating or ink composition using such compound. Radiation cured coating or ink based on such composition. Coated or printed article having such a cured coating or ink based on such composition.

Abstract: Dental prosthesis composed of a polymer containing hydrogen atoms and with the required mechanical and chemical properties, characterized in that the hydrogen atoms on the surface of the said polymer are partially replaced by fluorine atoms in the CF, —CF2 —CF3, —OH, —COOH, —C═O, —OOH, —NH2, —C═NH or CONH2 groups. This type of polymer can improve the retention of prostheses and/or limit the development of dental plaque.

Abstract: Hydrolysis-stable and polymerizable acrylphosphonic acids are described which are particularly suitable as a component of dental adhesives owing to their adhesion-promoting properties.

Abstract: An antifouling coating composition can inhibit or prevent fouling of hulls of ships and other underwater structures. The coating composition includes (A) an antifouling agent, (B) a film-forming copolymer having a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 50,000, and structural units derived from a trialkylsilyl ester of polymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acid in an amount of 20 to 65% by weight, based on the copolymer, and (C) chlorinated paraffin having 8 to 30 carbon atoms, number average molecular weight of 200 to 1200 and a chlorination ratio of from 35 to 75% by weight. Zinc flower may also be included in the antifouling coating composition in place of or in addition to the antifouling agent (A).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a specific binder composition for molding by self-hardening comprising 6.0 to 25.0% by weight of metal salts of aliphatic sulfonic acid, a specific hardener composition for molding by self-hardening comprising 0.5 to 20.0% by weight of metal salts of aromatic sulfonic acid, and a sand composition for molding by self-hardening comprising said binder composition for molding by self-hardening and/or said hardener composition for molding by self-hardening.

Abstract: An anaerobically curable composition for use in sealing gas pipeline leaks, comprising an anaerobically curable base preparation and a filler, wherein the filler is a metal-containing filler having a substantially metal free barrier coat.

Abstract: A multistage core-shell particle consisting of a core, a first shell and optionally a second shell, substantially free from vinylically unsaturated compounds having at least two equally reactive double bonds, wherein: (i) the core contains a first (meth)acrylic polymer, (ii) the first shell contains a low Tg polymer comprising 0 to 25% by weight of a styrenic monomer and 75 to 100% by weight of a (meth)acrylic monomer, the (meth)acrylic monomer capable of forming a homopolymer having a glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range from −75 to −5 C, and which first shell represents more than 65% by volume of the combined volume of the core and first shell; (iii) the second shell, when present, contains a second (meth)acrylic polymer which may be the same or different from the first (meth)acrylic polymer, and (iv) the core and first shell together contain from 0.5 to 1.0% by weight of a graft-crosslinker.

Abstract: A dispersion in a liquid electrolyte (such as a detergent concentrate) of particles having a core containing an enzyme or other detergent active ingredient and a shell made by interfacial condensation is stabilised by covalently reacting a stabiliser on to reactive groups on the shell.

Abstract: A rubber composition comprised of an elastomer(s), reinforced with a particulate carbon black composite, said composite composed of carbon black having an integral silica on the surface thereof, together with a coupling agent. A method of adjusting electrical conductivity of a rubber composition containing such carbon black composite reinforcement is also provided. A tire having a component of such rubber composition such as, for example, a tread, is specifically contemplated.

Abstract: Preparation of an elastomer which contains a dispersion of filler reinforcement by forming a filler reinforcement in-situ within the elastomer host, the resulting elastomer/filler composite and tire having component which contains such reinforced elastomer. The invention includes a rubber composition of at least two elastomers wherein one of said elastomers is a pre-formed composite of elastomer and in-situ formed filler reinforcement. A tire having a component of such rubber composition, particularly a tire tread, is specifically contemplated.

Abstract: A method for making a particulate filled polymeric matrix composite film includes mixing a polymeric matrix material with a dispersion of particulate filler in a carrier liquid to form a casting composition and adjusting the viscosity of the casting composition to retard separation of the particulate filler from the composition. A layer of the viscosity-adjusted casting composition is cast on a substrate and the layer is consolidated to form the particulate filled polymer matrix composite film. Films made by the method include very thin, e.g less than 1.0 mil, fluoropolymeric matrix films highly filled with very small diameter, preferably spherical, particles for use as, e.g. dielectric substrate materials in laminar electrical circuits.