Abstract: A portable graphic computer apparatus is comprised of a tablet for inputting coordinates data, a detecting circuit for detecting the coordinates data inputted by the tablet, a video image data forming circuit for forming video image data corresponding to input coordinates based on coordinates data by an output signal from the detecting circuit, a memory for storing the video image data, a video signal generating circuit for generating a video signal from the video image data, an output circuit connected to the video signal generating circuit for outputting the video signal, a cabinet for accommodating therein the above elements, and a plurality of color selecting buttons formed on the tablet for selecting color informations of the video image data, wherein the video image forming circuit identifies the designation of the color selecting buttons and for forming the video image data on the basis of the designated color.

Abstract: A kit for use with a transcription system which includes a plurality of signal receivers for positioning adjacent a writing surface and for receiving position signals transmitted from a stylus when the stylus is positioned adjacent the writing surface, the transcription system recording writing performed by the stylus on the writing surface, the kit comprising: a background image coupleable to the writing surface; and a computer readable medium including logic for detecting a position of the background image on the writing surface, logic for detecting a position of the stylus relative to the background image on the writing surface, logic for recording writing by the stylus relative to the background image, and logic for forming a composite image comprising the background image and the writing by the stylus on the background image.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device significantly reduces power consumption and causes no signal delay when a liquid crystal panel performs an inversion-type drive. The liquid crystal display device comprises a digital controller, a level shift circuit, a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter, a liquid crystal panel, and a plurality of capacitors. In the D/A converter, a charging control circuit is provided corresponding to each capacitor. The charging control circuit comprises a switch, a diode and an inverter, the switch and the diode being coupled in parallel. The switch is turned on and off in response to a switching signal from the digital controller. The switch is changed to a turning- on state during a blanking period after one horizontal displaying. Upon turning-on of the switch, the capacitors are charged. Digital pixel data outputted from the digital controller undergoes a level changing depending on a voltage across the electrodes of the capacitors, according to a charge conservation.

Abstract: An electronic devices executes from memory an advertising multimedia segment structure that includes a command segment storing multimedia commands that in turn invoke multimedia effects and that is supported by a definition segment that invokes the command segment. The definition segment also includes argument definitions for the tokenized arguments in the command segment. The command segments are protected against alteration by encryption, while the definition segments are alterable to provide locally customized advertisements in accordance with the tokenized arguments in the command segments. A library of downloadable command segments provides predefined advertisements, displays, and the like for the electronic device.

Abstract: A graphical user interface (GUI) for a TV receiver combines a graphical channel changer with an electronic program guide to enable a user to quickly and seamlessly go from a TV channel selection mode to a TV program selection mode. The graphical channel changer includes a vertical bar composed of channel boxes that contain number and logos of available TV channels. The user may tune the TV system to any one of the TV channels by directing a remote pointing device at the channel box that represents that TV channel. When the user switches to the program selection mode, the GUI transfers to the electronic program guide for displaying vertical program bars arranged in alignment with the channel boxes to show information on TV programs for the TV channels represented by the corresponding channel boxes.

Abstract: A terminal apparatus is provided for displaying an image by reproducing a piece of image information and for interactively changing the image using navigation information. The image is a moving picture, a still picture, or a mixture of them. The image information and the navigation information together are broadcast by a broadcasting station to the terminal apparatus. The navigation information indicates a plurality pieces of link-target image information. The cache unit stores a pair of image information and navigation information. The reproducing unit reproduces the image information. The monitoring unit monitors whether an operator has performed a certain operation responding to the image displayed.

Abstract: A multimedia message is formatted for presentation. First a formatted choice menu is presented for various multimedia categories in parallel. Upon one or more user selections in series, to each selection a monomedium item space is offered for enabling to enter an item for to the associated monomedium into that space. After termination of all selections, the message is formatted for transfer. In particular, the choice menu has various selector spots, each associated to a respective monomedium. After entering a particular user item into the associated space, a symbolizer of that item is displayed at a predetermined position next to any remaining selector spot in the menu.

Abstract: A system and method that maps temporal control functions into a six degree of freedom pointing device. The six degree of freedom pointing device controls both transport and view modes within a time-based media editing system and allows a user to toggle between modes without losing visual contact with graphical objects appearing on a video screen. During playback operations in the transport (temporal) mode, the system allows a cap on the six degree of freedom pointing device to be divided into multiple uneven regions in one direction along a single degree of freedom. Each of the multiple regions then corresponds to a unique rate of frame increments/decrements.

Abstract: A method and system for dynamically manipulating values associated with graphical elements displayed within a graphic interface of a data-processing system. Initially a pointer element associated with a pointing device is displayed within the graphic interface, such that the pointer element is capable of movement in multiple directions in response to movement of the pointing device. A trackslide element and a moveable slider are displayed within the graphic interface. The moveable slider permits users to dynamically decrease or increase values associated with the trackslide element, such that the moveable slider is constrained to move only in a first direction along the trackslide element. The pointer element is then graphically attached to the moveable slider.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for specifying the hierarchy of pages in a web site. The apparatus may include a graphical user interface providing a window including a display space for displaying a navigational structure for the web site on an output device. The tool includes an import tool for selecting a page to be displayed in the web site from a file structure, a placement tool for placing the page into the navigational structure and a structure routine for assigning a navigational relationship to a page relative to other pages in the web site as each is placed in the navigational structure. The navigational structure may be displayed in a tree format or an organizational chart format.

Abstract: A method, computer system or computer program for interactively constructing, editing, rendering and manipulating geoscience models including aggregating the functionality of a geometry system and a graphics system, enforcing consistency between the geometry system and the graphics system, and interfacing the geometry system and the graphics system to an application through an integration layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for approximating exponential and other nonlinear functions in a graphics system is accomplished using a linear interpolator adapted to receive a graphics primitive that includes vertex values for a parameter at each vertex of the graphics primitive. The linear interpolator determines a linear interpolation value for the parameter at a selected pixel within the primitive based on the vertex values. The linear interpolation value is then used to generate a first index and a fractional value, where the fractional value is the difference between the linear interpolation value and the first index. The first index is then incremented to produce a second index. The first and second indexes are then applied to a memory block that stores a discrete sampling of a nonlinear function corresponding to the parameter.

Abstract: Ray casting method is performed using a hardware. Ray casting is performed on a 3D object formed in a three-dimensional array of voxels, luminance information is generated for each unit ray path based on voxel information assigned to the voxels on the ray path, and an image related to the 3D object are generated based on the luminance information. At this time, pattern information representing a pattern of the ray paths is previously stored in a branch point table memory. A memory control section determines ray paths for generating the luminance information based on the pattern information.

Abstract: A system that supports a uniform three-dimensional rendering of components on a display screen by allowing a new component to inherit the shading properties of a parent component. The system provides for escalation of a search for shading properties, including at least a baseline shading face color, from any one of a plurality of shading property sources that can include, but are not limited to, an expressly defined shading property, an inheritable property from a parent component, and a system property in an absence of any other shading property source. Consistent gradations of color shading that facilitate three-dimensional visual cues among a component family hierarchy are generated and rendered on the display screen based on a baseline shading face color.

Abstract: A high precision, memory efficient method for the compression of surface normals into quantized normals and the inverse method for the expansion of those quantized surface normals back into surface normals. The surface of a three dimensional figure is conceptually divided into small areas, and the effective surface normal for each of these areas is related to the surface normal of a unit sphere tessellated into a similar number of small areas or tiles. A quantized normal is defined to be the tile number on the surface of the unit sphere. For a particular three dimensional figure, instead of storing surface unit normal values of {X,Y,Z} for each coordinate, the quantized surface normal value (i.e., the tile number) is stored. Thus, for a surface normal expressed in Cartesian coordinates, a compression ratio of 6:1 is possible depending upon the memory required to store real and integer values and the desired accuracy.

Abstract: A scheme for automatic data conversion definition generation based on data feature such as a decision tree or a statistical feature, so as to enable a quick data analysis in a visual multidimensional data analysis tool.

Abstract: A computationally efficient method for minimizing the visible effects of texture LOD transitions across a polygon. The minimization is accomplished by adding a dithering offset value to the LOD value computed for each pixel covered by a graphics primitive to produce a dithered pixel LOD value. The dithering offsets mat be generated from a table look-up based on the location of the pixel within a span of pixels. The dithered pixel LOD value is used to as an index in the selection of a single LOD texture map from which a textured pixel value is retrieved. The range of dithering offset values can be adjusted by modulating the values in the table look-up.

Abstract: A method which derives for each triangle to be rendered the values of the texture map coordinates in world space and the screen space two dimensional coordinates across the polygon, utilizes the values to provide two bounding boxes, compares the values of sides of the bounding boxes, and uses these comparisons to select a texture map of a scale which will provide an accurate color representation of a texture value for the pixels of the polygon.

Abstract: A projective body is aligned with a surface to generate texture coordinates for the surface. The present invention includes selecting an appropriate projective body for a given surface, orienting and positioning the surface with respect to the projective body, projecting the surface onto the projective body, and then mapping the projective body onto the texture rectangle. An inertial ellipsoid is used to orient the surface and the projective body. The inertial ellipsoid can also be used as the projective body. Ellipsoidal coordinates are preferably used to project the surface onto the projective body.

Abstract: A method for haptically deforming a virtual surface within a haptic virtual environment is used to plastically deform the virtual surface of a virtual object by sensing a user's position in real space, determining a haptic interface location in the haptic environment based thereon, and determining whether the virtual surface collides with the haptic interface location. Upon detection of a collision above a threshold force, a visual representation of the virtual surface is plastically deformed and a corresponding force is calculated and fed back to the user. The virtual surface can be visco-elastically deformed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, apparatus and system for optimizing an expression tree (101,902,1102) for compositing an image. Such an expression tree (101,902,1102) can comprise at least two nodes. Each node is either a graphical element (102,104) or image compositing operator ((103,104) and has a region of the image represented by the node (102,103,104). In the method, for at least one node in the tree, several steps are carried out. The region represented by the node (103,104) is compared to a region representation data structure, which is preferably a quadtree representation, corresponding to one or more regions represented by at least one other node. A determination is then made if the region represented by the node (102,103,104) is totally or partially obscured by the one or more regions. If the region represented by the node is at least partially or totally obscured, the expression tree (101,902,1102) is modified.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for interactively controlling and coordinating the limb movements of computer-generated articulated characters with an arbitrary number of joints. On-line computational methods are used for animating limb movements of articulated characters by solving associated forward and inverse kinematics problems in real time subject to multiple goals and constraints. The methods provide computer animated characters with fully interactive goal-directed behaviors, such as bipedal walking, through simultaneous satisfaction of position, alignment, posture, balance, obstacle avoidance, and joint limitation constraints. Goal-based motion primitives, called synergies, coordinate sets of joint movements which separately attempt to satisfy each of the above constraints.

Abstract: A data animation program (11) is provided that alters the appearance of an animated object (39) to reflect a percentage change in data represented by the animated object. The data is provided to the data animation program by a data source (20) such as a temperature sensor or an Internet web site. The percentage change in data is converted to a rate of motion for the animated object. The appearance of the animated object is then altered in accordance with the rate of motion. For example, if the animated object is a propeller, the rate of motion will be expressed in revolutions per minute (RPMs) and the propeller then spins at the determined rate of motion so as to indicate the percentage change in data represented by the animated object.

Abstract: A method of generating graphic images on a display device of a computer system, by dividing the viewable area of the display device into a plurality of tiles, assigning each of the tiles to respective rendering processes, rendering a frame on the display device using the rendering processes, and adjusting the sizes of the tiles in response to the rendering step. The method then uses the adjusted tile sizes to render the next frame. The tile areas are preferably constrained from becoming too small. The adjusted tile sizes may optionally be smoothed, such as by averaging in weighted sizes from previous frames. The tile sizes are adjusted by measuring the rendering times required for each rendering process to complete a respective portion of the frame, and then resizing the tiles based on the measured rendering times.

Abstract: A color electrophotographic apparatus which can achieve full color image reproduction with one-pass developing is disclosed. According to the present invention, a flexible photoconductor is formed as an endless belt driven by a set of rollers. Developers of various colors are projected onto a surface of the photoconductor from a plurality of developing units. After the projection of the color developers is achieved, the resultant full color toner image is transferred to a recording medium. The toner image is then fused onto the recording medium, thereby reproducing the full color image. The flexible photoconductor is arranged to have a planar surface between the two rollers, with the four optical exposure units positioned to direct four parallel beams of light in a direction perpendicular to the planar printing surface of the photoconductor.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention a method for increasing intensity of a polarized multimode laser beam including the steps of: (i) changing polarization of a portion of a cross section of the multimode laser beam, so that the cross section of this multimode laser beam comprises a first portion with one polarization and a second portion with a polarization that is different from this one polarization; and (ii) at least partially superimposing the first portion of the cross section of the multimode laser beam onto the second portion of the cross section of the multimode laser beam, thereby forming a superimposed laser beam.

Abstract: A multiple light beam scanning optical system includes a plurality of light sources, driving circuits, collimator lenses, cylindrical lenses for focusing light beams emitted from the collimator lens in sub-scanning directions, a beam splitter, and a deflector. The deflector has a deflection surface disposed near a point at which a light beam emitted from the beam splitter is focused by the cylindrical lens. A scanning lens, a synchronizing detector, and a sensor unit enable detection of position information of sub-scanning directions of the plurality of light beams. A control circuit drives and controls a cylindrical lens by processing an output signal from the sensor unit, and a light path correction mechanism moves a cylindrical lens on the basis of a control signal from the control circuit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a plurality of light-emitting elements, each light-emitting element receiving a driving current from a power supply and converting the current into a beam; a plurality of driving elements, each driving element being interposed between the power supply and each light-emitting element and controlling the driving current based on an image signal; and a photoconductor on which the beams from the plurality of light-emitting elements form an image by scanning, wherein each light-emitting element is positioned so immediately adjacent to each driving element that a power leakage factor floating therebetween is reduced, whereby an intensity of the beam is substantially equivalent to the image signal in waveform.

Abstract: A printer head capable of increasing intensity of dot-like light irradiated onto a record medium without requiring to increase a drive voltage or the number of printer heads arranged. The optical printer head includes a luminous element including two luminous dot arrays arranged in parallel to each other at a predetermined interval in a sub-scanning direction. The luminous dot arrays each are constituted of a plurality of luminous dots which have a dimension in the sub-scanning direction increased by a predetermined magnification as compared with that in a main scanning direction and are spaced from each other at identical intervals in the main scanning direction. The luminous dots of the two luminous dot arrays are arranged in an offset manner while being deviated from each other in the main scanning direction by a distance equal to the dimension thereof in the main scanning direction.

Abstract: A management system and method for use with on-demand cable programming, wherein a customer telephones a cable supplier and requests that a particular video program be played. The management system uses a plurality of video sources, wherein each of the video sources is capable of playing the requested video program. A telephone switch system and routing table are used to route incoming customer requests directly to the interface in control of the video-source serving the region from where the request originated. The volume of requests received from each customer region serviced by the cable supplier is evaluated. If the volume of customer requests surpasses a threshold level, then additional video sources are added to the cable network by the cable supplier.

Abstract: A pointing cursor is moved to a position on a file icon to be transferred in a file list using a position input unit. Thereafter, a button of the position input unit is depressed to select the file icon. The position input unit is moved while depressing its button so as to move the pointing cursor into a display area of a received image, and thereafter, the button of the position input unit is released. At this time, a drag & drop event is generated by a basic software program. Therefore, by only dragging the icon of the file to be transferred by operating the position input unit, an instruction input for a series of file transfer processes can be attained, and the operability for the file transfer function can be improved.

Abstract: There are provided a multi-viewpoint image database for holding images from a plurality of different viewpoints, a viewpoint detector for detecting a position of the observer's viewpoint, and a viewpoint parameter calculating portion for obtaining a viewpoint parameter from an output from the viewpoint detector. Further, a pixel value producing portion is provided for calculating a parameter necessary for reconstruction of image from the type of display screen and the viewpoint parameter, calculating with the parameter to which pixel in the images in the multi-viewpoint image database each pixel in a reconstructed image corresponds, and extracting corresponding pixels from the multi-viewpoint image database.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for correcting for optical misalignment of the dual (left and right) images produced by a stereo electronic endoscope, or of the corresponding dual images produced by coupling electronic imaging devices to each of two monocular teaching ports of a stereo optical endoscope. The stereo image alignment technique comprises electronically capturing the video image data of the dual images, and subsequently processing that data electronically to correct for optical alignment errors. The method involves digitizing the electronic data and digitally performing the equivalent of vertical image shift, and/or image size change, and/or image rotation as required to correct for any visual image misalignment.

Abstract: A film image input system is disclosed which can use a film cartridge constructed in such a manner that it requires a small space for storing a developed still photo film and also can protect the film against dust and damage, and also which allows the film cartridge to be mounted into a cartridge mounting part very simply and positively. The film image input system 1 is arranged such that it reproduces the image of the developed still photo film 2 on a video monitor 18. The system uses a film cartridge 6 which comprises a cartridge main body having an outlet opening 7 for sending out the film 2 in the longitudinal direction thereof, a single spool which fixes one end of the film 2 in the longitudinal direction thereof and round which the whole length of the film 2 can be wound, and support means for supporting the spool in such a manner that it can be rotated in both directions.

Abstract: Frames images in all frames on developed photographic film are read first, and an index image is made of a plurality of frames to be displayed on a TV monitor. Then, one of a plurality of regeneration modes is designated. When regeneration in the designated regeneration mode is commanded, frame images on the photographic film are read on a frame-by-frame basis. The read frame images are regenerated on the TV monitor on a frame-by-frame basis in the designated regeneration mode. Thereby, a regeneration mode suitable for the film can be selected among a plurality of regeneration modes, while the frame images on a roll of film are confirmed by means of an index image displayed during regeneration mode selection.

Abstract: An improved method of tracking a camera in dynamic chroma-keying of the type in which a foreground object is photographed against a multicolored chroma-key screen. The multicolor patterns are created by projection on a monochrome screen, for example by projecting light through a mask on a screen colored with the chroma-key color. The projection of multiple patterns can emulate the use of a single pattern having multiple levels of detail, and can enable lateral tracking of the camera. Sequentially projecting known transformations (for example, rotations) of a pattern adds an extra degree of freedom which further enhances the accuracy of the method.

Abstract: An image stabilizing device removably mountable on a camera or other optical apparatus includes an image stabilizer for accomplishing image stabilization of the camera, a detector for detecting the operative state of the camera, and a controller responsive to the detector to control the operation of said image stabilizer. The detector detects the presence or absence of an information signal and the controller acts diversely dependent on the detections.

Abstract: An apparatus for powering one or more television cameras through an information signal transmission line wherein the television camera is operated by a constant DC current and outputs multiplexed electrical information signals is provided with a constant current supply unit and a rechargeable battery for powering the television camera when the constant DC current is cut off. A transmission line connects the television camera with the constant current supply means for feeding the television camera with the constant DC current and feeding the current supply unit with the multiplexed electrical information signals. The constant DC current provided by the constant DC current supply unit is equal to the sum of a constant current required for operating the television camera and a constant current required to charge the rechargeable battery.

Abstract: An electronic camera responsive to a digital image stored in such camera, and having a multimode microfluidic printer for printing images of different resolutions onto receivers corresponding to the stored digital image. The camera focuses an image of a subject at an image plane and includes an area image sensor disposed at the image plane for receiving the image subject and producing a digital image representing the subject.

Abstract: The invention relates to an interface circuit FE intended to receive a pseudo-periodical input signal Vin having a reference level and a video level, and to supply a signal Vs having a level which is representative of the difference between the reference level and the video level, said interface circuit comprising: two sampling branches BR1 and BR2 simultaneously supplying the reference level and the video level, and a subtracter SUB having inputs which receive the outputs of the branches BR1 and BR2. According to the invention, the inputs of the branches BR1 and BR2 are jointly connected via a first capacitance C1 to the input of the interface circuit FE, which comprises control means CM allowing adjustment of the values of the signals at the inputs of the subtracter SUB so that they are equal when they are representative of one and the same reference level.

Abstract: A charge transfer device and a method of driving the charge transfer device are arranged to enable electric charge to be correctly transferred in a short time after starting. An initialization voltage is applied at the time of starting and a portion having a higher impurity concentration is formed below a channel.

Abstract: A subject viewfinder unit includes a viewfinding unit. The viewfinding unit projects a frame target upon receiving a projection signal. A timing unit is coupled to the viewfinding unit. The timing unit generates the projection signal in response to information regarding a timing of when an image sensor of a camera is accumulating charge to form video fields.

Abstract: Picture-taking apparatus having viewpoint detecting structure includes viewed-point detecting circuitry for detecting a viewed-point of an operator on a display screen. Area setting circuitry is provided for setting a predetermined processing area at the viewed-point detected by the view-point detecting circuitry. Display circuitry is provided for displaying a mark at a predetermined position on the display screen. Processing circuitry is provided for performing a predetermined function corresponding to the mark in response to a detection of the viewed-point being on a predetermined area including the display position of the mark. Control circuitry is provided for causing the area setting circuitry to inhibit displacement of the predetermined area and to freeze the predetermined area at a fixed position on the screen in the case that the display circuitry displays the mark on the display screen.

Abstract: Device and method for converting an aspect ratio of a video signal, is disclosed, in which an aspect ratio of an image at an arbitrary position can be converted to an arbitrary value, the device including means for generating arbitrary mapping information on the received image in image block units defined by the horizontal, and vertical sections, and means for determining the aspect ratio of the received image for a block using the arbitrary mapping information and converting the received image, varying a vertical display ratio for each horizontal position and/or a horizontal display ratio for each vertical position, of the received image with the aspect ratio, and the method including the steps of generating arbitrary mapping information on the received image in image block units defined by the horizontal, and vertical sections, and determining the aspect ratio of the received image for a block using the arbitrary mapping information and converting the received image, varying a vertical display ratio for eac

Abstract: A method and apparatus for synchronizing unrelated reference signals originating from two or more sources at different locations, which signals may be in different signal formats and/or subject to different delays at the receiving station. A master generator having an absolute time input from a highly stable time source generates a master reference signal having a frequency that is a common multiple of the frequencies of the unrelated reference signals. A counter is implemented from an arbitrary initial time point and the time elapsed from the initial time point to a synchronizing event is periodically encoded into the master reference signal as time code data. A slave generator associated with each information signal is genlocked to the master reference signal, and the time code data is encoded into the slave reference outputs.

Abstract: A separator circuit receives a stream of data including both audio and video components. The separator circuit separates the audio and video components for transmission to appropriate devices. In the preferred embodiment, the separator circuit is part of a decompression engine which decompresses the received stream of data and also separates the audio and video components. Preferably, the decompression engine is implemented within a device configured for coupling to an IEEE 1394-1995 serial bus network. Alternatively, the decompression engine is implemented as a separate dedicated device within the IEEE 1394-1995 serial bus network. After separating the audio and video components, one or both of those components are transmitted from the decompression engine over one or more isochronous channels on the IEEE 1394-1995 serial bus, to the appropriate devices.

Abstract: An analog/digital color video apparatus for adjusting attributes of a color image contained in an analog video signal and a digital video signal and visually displaying an attribute-adjusted color image on a display is provided. When an attribute of an analog video signal having a relatively lower definition is adjusted, the analog/digital color video apparatus converts the analog video signal into a digital signal and adjusts the attribute of the digitized video signal. When an attribute of the digital video signal having a relatively higher definition is adjusted, an attribute of a color image contained in the digital video signal is adjusted without a supplementary signal conversion process such as A/D conversion and D/A conversion. Thus, the analog/digital TV prevents quantization noise which can be occurred in the process of adjusting attributes of the color image.

Abstract: When both a progressive scanning video signal (for example, telecine signal) and an interlace scanning signal are present, the telecine signal is processed with pulldown information. The interlace scanning signal is processed without the pulldown information. Thus, even if both a telecine signal and a conventional interlace scanning signal are present, the pulldown information can be effectively used.

Abstract: An electronic billboard replacement system for use in a TV broadcast system including electronic billboard storage device for storing a plurality of replacement billboards and an electronic sequencer device for controlling the time period that each one of the plurality of billboards is displayed to a TV viewer.

Abstract: The projector apparatus comprises an image signal processor for generating color drive signals of at least four channels, which correspond to at least four kinds of colors including the colors selected according to the spectrum of the light source, from the three primary color image signals; a light-splitting device for splitting the light from the light source into at least four kinds of lights according to the colors corresponding to the color drive signals generated in the image signal processor; light valves, each of which comprises a liquid crystal element driven by the color drive signal for modulating each of the light splitted from that of the light source by the light-splitting device; and a combining device for combining each of components of light modulated by the light valves.