Abstract: A fuze for a submunition grenade including an electric detonator and primary super quick apparatus for electrically initiating the electric detonator upon percussion. Preferably, the fuze also includes self-destruct apparatus for electrically initiating said electric detonator, after a period of time, when said primary apparatus fails to initiate said electric detonator.

Abstract: A skyrocket is provided which provides a first fireworks effect prior to launch as well as a second effect after launching. The skyrocket includes a body which houses or is coupled to a rocket motor, a first effect and a second effect. A transparent or translucent nose cone is placed on the top end of the body which provides both the ability to view one of the effects placed therein but also maintains the aerodynamic properties of the skyrocket. The first effect may be a strobing effecting which during burning provides a pulsating intensity of light visible through the nose cone prior to lift-off of the skyrocket, and the second effect may be a bursting charge which explodes after the rocket is in flight. An ignition fuse leads to the first effect and a second fuse leads to the rocket motor so that by lighting the first fuse, no further fuses need be lit and a delay is provided before the rocket motor ignites.

Abstract: An air gun pellet with a head including two distinct structural features, providing overall improved performance. The first feature is a multiple section rim or cup on the head which enlarges or mushrooms upon impact. The second feature is a central driving point contained within the cup on the head. The combination of these features provides a synergistic effect resulting in a pellet having improved penetration, shock wave and tissue destruction.

Abstract: A mushrooming bullet having a highly improved performance in the retention of the lead core within the bullet jacket subsequent to impact, and in performing effectively over a substantially wider velocity range, the bullet retaining its lead core within its jacket substantially 98-100% of its firings at high velocities, and mushrooming more effectively at lower velocities than conventionally manufactured bullets. The jacket is characterized by a base portion which has a substantially larger interior diameter than its shank portion, and a mouth portion which is substantially softer than its shank portion. The mushrooming of the nose portion of the core and the mouth portion of the jacket is effectively arrested by the harder thick shank portion when the bullet strikes a target, and thereby minimizes the loss of lead from the core.

Abstract: Bodies (5) are driven along a predetermined path by being coupled by pairs of cooperating coupling elements to a hauling line (1) which is guided generally in parallel with the predetermined path. The hauling line can be an endless hauling tape guided around deflection rollers (2) and simultaneously serving as a first coupling element. For the coupling function, the hauling tape (1) is elastically deformable perpendicular to its length, e.g., compressible, and cooperates with a second coupling element on the body (5) to be driven. The second coupling element is a groove (6) matched to the hauling tape (1) having two open ends and extending in parallel to the predetermined path, into which groove a length of the hauling tape is positionable. For coupling, the body (5) and the hauling tape (1) are guided toward each other such that the hauling tape (1) is pressed into the groove (6), where a displacement perpendicular to the predetermined path is prevented by suitable guide means (2, U).

Abstract: A carriage wheel and track upon which the wheel runs include meshed ridges and grooves oriented longitudinally with the track at the tangency of the wheel with the track, and force urging the track toward the wheel is applied to the track by a counter force roller along a line that passes through the axis of the carriage wheel, through the axis of the counter force roller, and through the tangency of the carriage wheel with the track.

Abstract: The invention refers to a tilting mechanism for creating track curve-dependent tilt of the superstructure of rail vehicles (1), consisting of a coupling (15) with which the superstructure (2) is movably connected to a bogie (3) in such a way that the superstructure can be transferred from an upright initial position into a tilted position relative to the bogie and having a drive (31) and an transfer mechanism including a transfer mechanism by which means the superstructure can be movably transferred from its initial position into its tilted position relative to the bogie. To be able to manufacture such tilting mechanism in a more inexpensive way, the invention aims at equipping the transfer mechanism with a mechanism with a variable transmission, the transmission of the mechanism increasing with increasing inclination angle of the superstructure relative to the bogie during transfer of the superstructure from its initial position into its tilted position.

Abstract: A hopper car having smooth side walls being reinforced by a horizontal beam along a horizontal seam. The roof of the car has a plurality of extruded beams, including a pair of combining extrusion extending the length of a hatch opening. The coaming extrusions include tabs to which the hatch covers can be attached at any location. A hollow side sill is formed with tabs to attach the side sheets and the sloped floor panels. A four piece hood encases the center sill along its length.

Abstract: An XY table provided with an X-axis table (3) supported on a base movably in the X-axis direction, a Y-axis table (12) supported on the base movably in the Y-axis direction, and a top table (20) movable in the X-axis direction together with the Y-axis table (12), and further provided with an armature (6) of a linear motor (5) mounted on an X-axis base (1) supporting the X-axis table (3), a movable element (7) mounted on the back of the X-axis table (3) and opposed to the armature (6), and armature (15) of a linear motor (14) mounted on a Y-axis base (10) supporting the Y-axis table (12), and a movable element (16) mounted on the back of the Y-axis table (12) and opposed to the armature (15). The top table can be positioned with high precision and moved at high acceleration and deceleration.

Abstract: An electrical raceway assembly for use with a structure is provided. The elongated raceway is engageable to the structure and has a length, a transverse base and a pair of opposite upstanding sidewalls extending along the length to define at least one channel configured for retaining electrical wires. A locking element secures and detachably engages the raceway to a surface of the structure. In one embodiment, the locking element includes a mounting plate, a stud, a core, and a locking lever. The stud has a threaded first end, an opposite second end, and a shoulder between the first and second end. The threaded first end is insertable through an opening defined in the mounting plate to engage a threaded hole in the surface of the structure. The core has a rounded outer surface and defines a thru-hole for receiving the second end of the stud. The locking lever includes a handle portion and a rounded camming portion.

Abstract: A modular, low cost pallet and shelf assembly and a method for assembling the assembly is disclosed. The shelf assembly comprises a plurality of support members arranged so as to releasably accept a pallet therebetween, each vertical support member comprising a plurality of apertures disposed therethrough, wherein each aperture is configured so as to accept and releasably hold tabs inserted through the aperture, and a plurality of pallet securing members, each pallet securing member comprising at least one pallet securing member tab releasably securable within a vertical support member aperture and a securing surface for restraining the pallet between the vertical support members.

Abstract: This invention is a mass incinerator for burning various rubbishes (life rubbishes, industry wastes, hospital rubbishes and like) and flammable wastes (hospital wastes, poison material and like) under high temperature atmosphere. In particularly; to an incinerator in which the combustion chambers 101 constructed in a dome form and the auxiliar combustion chambers 102 are connected alternately to form a tunnel shape. An air supply chamber 104 is formed between the outside wall and the inside wall of the combustion chamber 101. The materials being burned are inputted through the double hinged gate so that the soot or the dust is not scattered outward. The input during the combustion process is possible to improve the treating whereby rubbishes or wastes are completely burnt to prevent the environmental pollutant such as heavy metal material or dioxin as well as soot from discharging.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for burning organic material including farm bedding waste of the present invention includes a firebox having an air injector disposed within the firebox. A heat exchanger is also disposed within the firebox above the air injector. The fuel to be burned, a mixture of organic farm bedding waste, is piled in the firebox surrounding the air injector and heat exchanger. By injecting air into the pile of fuel, the fuel is burned from the inside out, surrounding the heat exchanger with the burning fuel. The unburned fuel acts to insulate the burning fuel from the walls of the firebox.

Abstract: Chimney-like cooling passages that have opposite outlet and inlet end regions open to ambient air also have central regions that extend through heated components of industrial furnaces. The passages preferably are defined by conduits that are oriented and configured in a manner that enables thermally induced flows of ambient air to self establish through the conduits to cool the furnace components once the furnace components become heated. The passages function like chimneys, with each having its outlet located higher than its inlet so that ambient air will effectively rise as it flows from the inlet to the outlet. The passages may provide increases in cross-sectional area somewhere along their lengths so that heated ambient air expanding in the passages is encouraged to discharge from the less restrictive, larger area outlets rather than from the smaller area inlets.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method and an equipment for pyrolytic treatment of organic material comprising a supply storage receiving the organic material to be treated, a number of containers with meshlike walls, each to be charged with a batch of said organic material, a horizontal reactor with a charge gate in one end and a discharge gate in the opposite end, the interior of the reactor being divided by means of internal gates into at least a heating chamber, a pyrolysis chamber, and a cooling chamber, as well as a recovery storage for a solid pyrolytic residue of the organic material, i.e. the pyrolytic coke, the pyrolysis chamber being provided with an outlet pipe for generated pyrolytic gas terminating in a fractionating condenser, said condenser being provided with an outlet for each liquid fraction and an outlet pipe for uncondensed pure pyrolytic gas, which outlet pipe terminates in a gas tank.

Abstract: The invention concerns a plant for the thermolysis of waste products containing an organic fraction, and for simultaneous energetically upgrading these waste products comprising: a unit for loading and supplying the waste products to be treated; a thermolysis reactor for thermal dissociation under reduced pressure at high temperature. The invention is characterized in that it comprises: upstream and downstream of the reactor, a lock chamber for maintaining a partial vacuum in the reactor for ensuring thermolysis in an atmosphere with low oxygen content; first means for recuperating, in the upper part of the reactor, the organic gas fraction formed during thermolysis, and for bringing this fraction to a combustion chamber supplying a steam generator; second means for recuperating at the bottom of the reactor the solid carbon products formed during thermolysis, and for bringing these solid products to a combustion chamber supplying a steam generator or an evacuating system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for low-NOx combustion of a pulverized solid fuel in which combustion products from a partial oxidation combustor are mixed with a pulverized solid fuel, thereby preheating the pulverized solid fuel and resulting in devolatilization of at least a portion of the pulverized solid fuel. The preheated pulverized solid fuel and the devolatilization products are then burned in a burner firing directly into a combustion chamber.

Abstract: A potato seed planter includes one or more planting units with an endless conveyor. A plurality of cups are attached to the conveyor and each cup receives a potato seed as the conveyer travels upwardly between upper and lower sprockets. As the cups pass around the upper sprocket, any extra seeds in cups are removed by centrifugal force, differential velocity and/or a vibration unit. These extra potato seeds are recycled and returned to the seed bowl. The cups then travel through a generally horizontal singulation section and around a third sprocket. The cups are inverted as they pass around the third sprocket and the seeds fall onto the back surface of the next forwardly adjacent cup. A guide structure holds the seeds in the desired position until they reach a discharge area where the individual seeds are discharged into the furrow.

Abstract: The needle plate for the sewing machine supporting the material to be sewn (the fabric) which is pressed by the pressing piece forming the sewing machine, wherein the fabric is sent into the interfacing space between the needle plate and the pressing piece and the support of the receiving plate is elastically turned down, keeping the fabric at intervals allowing for the sending and thus preventing the puckering on the fabric. The fabric guide set on the needle plate for the center sewing is provided on the needle plate where the needle falls and carries out the sewing by regulating the fabric by a determined width of the sewing. The three-fold guide installed on the needle plate for the three-fold sewing is provided on the location where the needle falls, and carries out the sewing by winding the fabric around to make it three-fold.

Abstract: The present invention provides a scroll-type yarn feed attachment for tufting machines characterized by independent servo-motor control of sets of yarn feed rolls, an improved tube bank, and a software design system to facilitate use of the attachment.

Abstract: A fairing for a towed cable is described that comprises a pliable material folded over the cable and stitched together, to give a substantially drop shaped cross section, wherein the flexible material is segmented into individual sections in the longitudinal direction of the cable, wherein each section being fastened to a free-rotating, but along the cable non-sliding, fastening device and wherein each section independent of each other may rotate around the cable together with its is fastening device. A faired tow cable is also described that has a fairing comprising a pliable material folded over the cable and stitched together to give a substantially drop shaped cross section, wherein the fairing is segmented into individual sections where each section at its upstream end is fastened to a free-rotating, but non-sliding, fastening device attached to the cable and wherein each section independent of each other may rotate around the cable together with its fastening device.

Abstract: A platform for a boat including a top member, removable leg members and apparatus for storing the leg members to an underside of the top member when the legs are removed. A compact package results, which is readily storable in a hatch of a boat. The platform is readily assembled, attached to the boat, and then disassembled and stored.

Abstract: The present invention provides a molded boat hull with a novel structural stiffening system. The boat hull has a number of laterally positioned compartments molded into the inner shell with vertical partitions that are integrally welded to the outer shell and are interconnected to each other and to the transom. A keel plate and a transom support are molded into the transom, the inner wall, and a bridge along the longitudinal center line of the boat. A keel support beam is placed along the keel, connected to the keel plate, and adhered into a channel in the boat hull inner shell. A pair of stringer braces is assembled between the integral stringers to provide transverse stiffness of the boat hull.

Abstract: A bicycle gear shift indicating device is mounted on a bicycle handlebar which is in turn provided with an operating handle and a control cable. The device comprises a main body, a cable reel, an actuation set, a link member, and a gear shift levels indicator. The main body is provided with a slide portion and a window. The cable reel is rotatably mounted in the main body such that the cable reel is actuated by the operating handle, and that the cable reel is connected with the control cable. The cable reel is provided with an inclined surface. The actuation set has a slide portion, a link portion, an action member, and a spring for urging the action member to press against the inclined surface of the cable reel. The link member is actuated by the actuation set. The gear shift levels indicator is fastened with the link member and provided with a plurality of Arabic numerals designating the gear shift levels and corresponding in location to the window of the main body.

Abstract: A time-temperature indicator device provides a visually observable indication of the cumulative thermal exposure of an object. The device includes a substrate having a diffusely light-reflective porous matrix and a backing. The backing includes on its surface a viscoelastic indicator material for contacting the substrate and a barrier material for substantially inhibiting the lateral flow of viscoelastic indicator material between the substrate and the backing.

Abstract: A signal balloon for providing a portable assembly to launch a signal balloon to indicate the location of the user to others. The signal balloon includes a case having a top that can be opened. A spool is rotatably mounted in the case. An elongate flexible element is wound around the spool. A container is disposed in the case and coupled to an end of the flexible element. An inflatable balloon is disposed in the case and coupled to the container such that the balloon is in fluid communication with the container. A check valve is interposed between the balloon and the container.

Abstract: A new type of plasma coil for use in ionized metal plasma deposition systems. This new coil provides significant added strength to prevent sagging or other mechanical deformation. The improved coil consists of a core of a high strength material such as Titanium, for example. The rigid core is surrounded on all sides by a layer of pure copper. The rigid core could be made of other refractory metals. A Titanium copper alloy core could be used and would bind the Titanium to the copper within the core to prevent it from diffusing or reacting with the pure copper outer layer.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus has a processing chamber in which are provided one or more radio frequency antennas and a grounded opposite electrode positioned opposite to a sample. The radio frequency antenna 7 is formed of a material having no more than {fraction (1/100)} the volume resistivity of a material forming the opposite electrode. The radio frequency antenna may be buried in the opposite electrode, with its surface partially exposed to the plasma. Thus, the apparatus can have an enhanced processing rate and also provide a uniform process.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving the performance of a vacuum coating system includes a vacuum chamber enclosing a track. The track is substantially rectangular having a top surface and a bottom surface. A pair of legs are attached to the bottom surface of the track and support the track within the vacuum chamber. The legs have a top edge engaging the bottom surface of the track and a bottom edge secured to a bottom section of the vacuum chamber. The legs extend longitudinally along the bottom surface of the track. A rail is mounted on the top surface of the track and extends along a longitudinal axis of the track. A substantially planar platter having a top face and a bottom face is supported on top of the rail. The platter is adapted to slide from side to side along the rail across the length of the track. A stage carrying an electron beam evaporator is mounted on the top face of the platter. As such, the electron beam evaporator slides with the platter across the length of the track.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rapidly loading small particulate matter such as insect (e.g., lacewing) eggs into containers for uniformly distributing the eggs into individual units of the containers. The apparatus uses a fluid dispensing system to move the eggs from a holder to the containers located below. The method of the present invention provides a volumetrically measured quantity of eggs to be distributed to the individual units of the containers.

Abstract: A method of injecting a plurality of bird eggs comprises: (a) orienting a plurality of avian eggs in a predetermined position; (b) forming an opening in the shell of each of the eggs; (c) extending an elongate delivery device through each of the openings and into the eggs, each of the delivery devices comprising a detector and an injection needle, with the injection needle having a lumen formed therein; (d) detecting with the detector information from the interior of each of the plurality of eggs; and (e) injecting a substance into each of the plurality of eggs through the lumen of said injection needle. The detected information can be used for a variety of purposes, including adjusting the depth of penetration of the injection needle to more precisely control the location of the injection, identifying the gender of the eggs for subsequent sorting of the eggs, distinguishing viable from non-viable eggs, etc.

Abstract: A device and a method for milking of animals is provided in which the teatcups are mounted on a milk rack and the milk rack can be moved with a positioning system in such a way that the teatcups are brought one after the other under a teat of the animals, whereafter the teatcups are brought upwards around the teat. For controlling the movements of the positioning system, a sensor system is used that can follow the position of a reference teat. A detection field of the sensor system is movable with regard to the milk rack in a direction similar to the breadth direction of the animal to be milked.

Abstract: A sheet for pet excretion including a liquid permeable front face sheet, a liquid impermeable rear face sheet and an absorbent body interposed between the front face sheet and the rear face sheet. A liquid absorbent region where the absorbent body exists has a colored portion positioned at the center thereof and a non-colored portion adjoining the colored portion so as to enclose a whole periphery of the colored portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for improving grazing distribution and an animal feed supplement for use therein. The method comprises the steps of identifying a plurality of underutilized rangeland areas and providing an animal feed supplement in a first underutilized rangeland area. The animal feed supplement attracts the livestock to the first underutilized rangeland area and encourages the livestock to graze once there.

Abstract: A structure is provided for promoting growth of aquatic species for aquaculture operations and other purposes. The aquatic structure may have a buoyant member, a flexible sheet, and flexible strips (such as fronds, ribbons or filaments). The flexible materials are suspended from the buoyant member. The flexible materials may have high surface area structures for promoting growth of autotrophic (including algae) and heterotrophic organisms (such as bacteria) in photic and heterotrophic sections, respectively. The autotrophs and the bacteria are food, and the dispersed flexible strips provide an attractive habitat for the larger feeding organisms such as fish, crustaceans and mollusks. Ballast devices may be used, if desired, to secure the aquatic structure to the benthos. The ballast devices may be formed of flexible material. The flexible ballast devices may be filled with granular material after the apparatus is transported to the job site.

Abstract: A saltwater aquarium environmental control system contains a salt mixing tank and has a specific gravity float switch to maintain proper salinity in the mixing tank so that a ready supply of fresh saltwater is available for replenishing water in the aquarium tank. The system may contain a second specific gravity float switch to monitor the saline concentration in the aquarium tank. The system provides for mixing replenishment saltwater, for automatically dispensing replenishment saltwater at timed intervals in predetermined volumes, and for monitoring and adjusting proper salinity in a saltwater aquarium. A routine exchange of saltwater into and out of the aquarium tank is maintained in order to maintain clean, fresh saltwater in the aquarium tank at all times.

Abstract: A bird cage (20) includes a centrally disposed bird receiving structure (30) and inwardly sloping sides (28) which in combination cause birds to face inward and thereby defecate away from the bird receiving structure. These features make the cleaning of the bird cage easier. In a preferred embodiment, the bird cage also includes a removable top portion (24) which is selectively connected to a bottom portion (22). Since the top portion can be removed from the bottom portion, cleaning of the bird cage is simplified. In a preferred embodiment, the bird cage does not include a conventional door.

Abstract: A gate and gate post assembly is provided for use with animal containment pens. The assembly includes a pair of upright posts arranged to be supported spaced apart, each post having an upper support flange adjacent a top end and a lower support flange adjacent a bottom end. A gate is arranged to be supported on the posts in an upright orientation. The gate has a pair of upper mounting pins extending downward from respective sides of the gate adjacent a top end of the gate and a pair of lower mounting pins extending downward from respective sides of the gate adjacent a bottom end of the gate. The upper and lower mounting pins are arranged for slidably engaging into respective apertures in the upper and lower support flanges. A pair of latches, each in the form of a pendulum, are provided for pivotally mounting onto the respective sides of the gate.

Abstract: An adjustable pet collar comprised of a flexible UV safe foam (18) shaped as a cylinder with a vertical slit (14). The closure consists of one or more self-adhesive loop strap (12) attached around the center of the collar with one end overlapping. The hook strap (16) is attached to the overlapping side of the self-adhesive side loop strap (12). The collar may contain one or two Velcro strips attached to the collar. A single Velcro strap is used for smaller animals while the double strap is used for large animals.

Abstract: A power burner type gas-fired water heater has a fuel supply manifold which is mounted within a sealed plenum box and supplied with gas from a valve externally mounted on the plenum box and coupled to the manifold via a flex hose disposed within the plenum box and removably connected to the gas valve. By simply removing an access wall portion of the plenum box, uncoupling the flex hose from the gas valve and disconnecting the manifold from associated support structure within the plenum box, the manifold may be removed from the plenum box for replacement of the fuel supply orifices carried by the manifold. This facilitates the field modification of the water heater's input rate and/or fuel type.

Abstract: The system uses principal radial tubes 4 which connect an inner, central arc 3 to an outer arc 2. A plurality of branches 5 emerge from these tubes 4 and then assume a radial geometry, forming secondary radial tubes which extend as far as the said outer arc 2. The system rests freely on the bottom of the tank.

Abstract: A bulkhead is integrally provided in the water jacket provided within the cylinder head of an in-line type four-cylinder engine in the array direction of each cylinder, a cooling water outlet section is provided on the central section in the longitudinal direction of this water outlet side passage, and an outlet to the main body of the water jacket is provided near the bulkhead opposite to that.

Abstract: A free piston internal combustion engine includes a housing with a combustion cylinder and a second cylinder. A piston includes a piston head reciprocally disposed within the combustion cylinder; a second head reciprocally disposed within the second cylinder; a plunger rod with a first end attached to the piston head, a second end attached to the second head, and a longitudinal axis; and a plurality of radially extending vanes attached to the plunger rod and the second head. The radially extending vanes face toward the piston head and are disposed at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A valve assembly located adjacent the cylinder structure of a two-stroke engine including a valve piston, a diaphragm and a restricting member. The valve assembly is adapted to vary the height of the exhaust port of this type of engine by moving a restricting member, located in a guide channel communicating with the exhaust port, from a full-flow height position to a restrictive height position (and vice versa). The force necessary to actuate the restricting member is a pressurized medium or a vacuum. A solenoid valve controls the pressurized medium or vacuum delivery to the valve assembly according to the engine speed N and throttle opening for optimum efficiency.

Abstract: A rotary-to-linear converter for use with a valve actuation device having a linear reciprocating cam shaft having longitudinally extending cam grooves that are engaged by captive cam followers which oscillate up and down in response to sideways reciprocation of the camshaft for actuating intake or exhaust valves of internal combustion engines or other devices employing reciprocating pistons and valves. The camshaft is caused to reciprocate by a rotary linear converter of the “yankee” type composed of double helix channel at the extreme end of the camshaft and a rotary drive collar having two sets of diametrically opposed guide members. The guide members comprise dogs which are rotatably engaged with the drive collar and slidably engaged with the double helix channel of the cam shaft.

Abstract: A valve lifter for a three-dimensional cam and a variable valve operating apparatus have enhanced flexibility in the design of a detent mechanism of the valve lifter for the three-dimensional cam, as well as enhanced durability. It is possible to form a thick wall portion which is sufficiently thick without increasing the weight by providing an offset between an outer peripheral surface and an inner peripheral surface of the valve lifter. Therefore, a sufficiently large projection can be mounted without deforming the valve lifter. This structure makes it possible to increase an area contacting a detent groove, reduce the surface pressure, and enhance the durability. The thick wall portion exists longer in an axial direction of the valve lifter, so the detent mechanism can be formed on the outer peripheral surface instead of a top surface. Therefore, the flexibility of design of the detent mechanism can be enhanced.

Abstract: A variable valve timing apparatus is employed in an engine that includes a crankshaft, an intake camshaft for driving intake valves, an exhaust camshaft for driving exhaust valves, and a transmission for transmitting rotation between the crankshaft, the intake camshaft, and the exhaust camshaft. The variable valve timing apparatus varies the valve timing of the intake valves or the exhaust valves. A first actuator is incorporated in the transmission to adjust the rotational phase of the intake camshaft or the exhaust camshaft relative to the crankshaft. A second actuator is arranged on the intake camshaft or the exhaust camshaft to adjust the valve lift of the associated valves. The result is a compact engine that avoids interference with other parts in the engine compartment.

Abstract: In order to supply a sufficient quantity of lubricating oil to the entire valve operating mechanism, we designed a lubrication device for an overhead valve engine. A first breather passage goes from the valve operating mechanism chamber to the crankcase, passing through the cylinder head and cylinder. The first breather passage opens in the vicinity of the spring retainer for the intake valve on the surface of the cylinder head which faces the valve operating mechanism chamber for the valve operating mechanism. The opening of the first passage and the vicinity of the exhaust valve are connected by a second breather passage. This second passage comprises a groove formed by cutting in the valve operating mechanism chamber surface of the cylinder head, and a tunnel formed between an oil guide wall which goes up from the valve operating mechanism chamber surface of the cylinder head and the peripheral wall of the head. One end of this groove connects to the opening of the first breather passage.

Abstract: A control apparatus and method for controlling an automotive heater apparatus. The heater apparatus includes a coolant circuit for cooling an engine, a coolant circulating through the circuit, a heat generator for transferring heat to the coolant, and a heater core for transferring heat from the coolant. The heat generator houses a viscous fluid and a rotor selectively connected to and disconnected from the engine by a clutch. The clutch connects the engine with the rotor to shear the viscous fluid and generate heat. When the rotating speed of the rotor exceeds a rotor speed limit, which varies in accordance with the detected coolant temperature, the clutch disconnects the rotor of the heat generator from the engine and de-activates the heat generator.

Abstract: A pull-down engine starter has a pull-down line (1) that is attachable to a takeoff line (15) or directly to a rewind-starter wheel (14) and pulley-routed to a suspension pulley wheel (6, 25) from which a handle end of the pull-down line is suspended to conveniently grasping proximity to a user position such as a driver seat (8). For go-carts (4) and other rider-operated vehicles (12) with engines (3) having rewind starters (2), the user position is a driver's seat or a machine-operator position on the vehicles. For walk-behind machines (23) and other non-ride machines such as a generator set (24) with rewind-starter engines, the user position is generally lateral to the engine. Singular-suspension pulley wheels (25) are provided for singular-wheel pull-start lines (22) on head-high pull-down anchors (26) and waist-high pull-down anchors (27).