Abstract: A first motor/generator unit (10A, 11) comprises a first rotor (42, 42B, 42C) and a first stator (40, 40A, 40B, 40C) provided with a plurality of coils. A second motor/generator unit (10B, 11) comprises a second rotor (43, 43B, 43C) and a second stator (41, 41A, 41B, 41C) provided with a plurality of coils. Providing that the number of coils in the first stator (40, 40A, 40B, 40C) is S1, the number of pairs of magnetic poles in the magnet of the first rotor (42, 42B, 42C) is P1, and the number of phases in a first alternating current which drives the first rotor (42, 42B, 42C) through the coils of the first stator (40, 40A, 40B, 40C) is M1, the coils of the first stator (40, 40A, 40B, 40C) are divided into K1 groups satisfying the equation K1=S1/M. The coils in each group are mutually connected by either a Y connection or a delta connection.

Abstract: A power tool includes a motor with a flux ring. The flux ring includes a ring member with a first and second end. The ends are positioned with respect to one another such that the ends move towards and away from one another during compressing and expanding of the ring. At least one anchor is unitarily formed with the ring. A pair of magnets are coupled with unitarily formed anchors to couple the pair of magnets with the ring. The magnets are coupled with the ring such that the ring may be compressed and expanded with the magnets secured in the ring.

Abstract: A stator winding includes a plurality of winding sub-portions in each of which a strand of wire formed from a continuous wire is wound so as to alternately occupy an inner layer and an outer layer in a slot depth direction within slots at intervals of a predetermined number of slots and form a lap winding having two turns in each lap, the strands of wire folding over outside the slots at end surfaces of a stator core, four of the strands of wire constituting the winding sub-portions being housed so as to line up in each of the slots in a slot depth direction, turn portions formed by folding the strands of wire over outside the slots at a first end surface of the stator core being disposed circumferentially to form two rows in a radial direction, and turn portions formed by folding the strands of wire over outside the slots at a second end surface of the stator core being disposed circumferentially to form two layers in an axial direction.

Abstract: In a torsional ultrasonic transducer for ultrasonic machining, a torsional ultrasonic transducer is structured such that a whole of a front body is integrally formed in an axially symmetrical manner, a total length thereof is set to be a half wavelength of a resonance frequency, a stepped circular column portion for adjusting a frequency is provided in the front body, and a tool attaching portion is provided in a front end portion of the front body.

Abstract: An actuator includes at least two piezoelectric devices arranged for crossing displacing directions thereof at a predetermined angle, a chip member provided at a coupling point of the piezoelectric devices, and a spring for contacting the chip member to a rotor driven by the actuator. The piezoelectric device is driven for moving the chip member trailing an elliptical trail. The rotation velocity or the driving torque of the rotor is controlled by varying at least one of a length of a major axis or a minor axis of the elliptical trail and an inclination angle of the major axis or the minor axis with respect to a normal at a contacting point of the chip member and the rotor.

Abstract: A computer work station (10) is disclosed having a base (11), a lower support (12) pivotally mounted to the base (11) about a pivot joint (13), and a lifting mechanism (14) for pivoting the lower support (12) about pivot joint (13) between a range of position extending between a declined position and an inclined position. The computer work station (10) also includes a chair (17), a desk (18) mounted to the lower support (12), and a computer key board support (19) pivotally mounted to the desk (18) for movement between a lifted position and an operating position.

Abstract: An overhead door is provided with a pair of stays and respective stay holding tension springs arranged such that, when the door is closed, they are expanded only less than twice of their length they have when the door is opened so that they are not subjected to excessive loads and hence can have a prolong service life. Each of the stays is rotatably fitted to the inner surface of a corresponding lateral wall of a cabinet main body by way of a rotary shaft and have its front end pivotably secured to the door at a position close to the lower edge of the door. A pair of slide rail assemblies, each comprising an outer rail and an inner rail 9b, are arranged such that the outer rails are fitted longitudinally in parallel with each other on the inner surface of the door and the upper end of each of the inner rails is pivotably secured to the front edge of the roof board of the cabinet main body.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coloring coating agent comprising at least a binder, a pigment, and a dispersing agent, the binder being sol obtained by a partial reaction of an organic silicon compound, the pigment being a mixture comprised of a red rouge pigment and a yellow organic pigment in a ratio ranging from 1:10 to 2:1 by weight, the red rouge pigment having a spherical particle shape and a particle size of 0.1 to 0.3 &mgr;m, the yellow organic pigment having a particle size smaller than or equal to 0.3 &mgr;m, and the binder (solid portion) and the pigment being mixed in a ratio ranging from 2:1 to 2:5 by weight. The coating agent is useful in coloring a bulb for lightning equipments of vehicles yellow.

Abstract: An improved structure and method are provided to decouple the gate dielectric thickness and the emitter tip to gate layer distance by etching the dielectric using ion bombardment. The ion bombardment, or ion etch, is performed prior to depositing the gate layer. The improved structure and method will allow a smaller distance between the emitter tip and the gate structure without having to decrease the thickness of the gate insulator layer. The smaller emitter tip to gate distance lowers the turn-on voltage which is highly desirable in such areas as beam optics and power dissipation.

Abstract: A color selecting apparatus for a cathode-ray tube including a frame, and a mask supported in the frame with tension along a minor axis, where the mask having a rectangular hole part formed with a plurality of electron beam-passing apertures, a non-hole part surrounding the hole part, and a pair of vibration attenuating members attached at both ends of the surface of the non-hole part, facing each other along a major axis, for attenuating vibration waves which transmit along the major axis. The vibration attenuating members are made of a metal having a greater mass than the non-hole part, and attached by spot-welding so that they are away from the non-hole part by a predetermined gap at every portion except the welding points. Therefore, the vibration attenuating members serve as a damper to attenuate vibrations which transmit in the major direction, particularly vibrations generated by the speakers.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube comprises (i) a glass bulb comprising a substantially rectangular panel, on which phosphors of a plurality of colors are arranged, a funnel that is connected to a rear side of the panel, and a neck portion formed at a rear side of the funnel, in which an in-line electron gun for emitting an electron beam is arranged; (ii) a substantially rectangular shadow mask having a plurality of apertures that are arranged in correspondence with the phosphors on the panel; and (iii) a substantially rectangular mask frame having a wall portion that supports opposing skirt portions of the shadow mask. The surface of the shadow mask with the apertures is convex towards the panel. A central portion of the opposing skirt portion is convex in a direction of the tube axis on the side of the electron gun. Processing warps such as wrinkles in the skirt portions of the shadow mask are avoided, and a color cathode ray tube with good color rendition is obtained.

Abstract: In a color display tube including an envelope including a front panel and a funnel, and an electron gun provided in a neck portion of the funnel, a horizontal outer diameter of the neck portion in a region on a rear end side is greater than a vertical outer diameter thereof in this region and a horizontal outer diameter thereof in a region on the front panel side, and a main lens of the electron gun is formed in the region on the rear end side. With this configuration, it is possible to achieve both an electric power saving and a high resolution in a display screen in a color display tube device, as well as to mount a deflection yoke in the color display tube easily.

Abstract: To realize a high-quality flat-face type of color cathode ray tube by combining a tint panel with a pressed mask, the outer surface of the panel of the color cathode ray tube is made nearly flat and the inner surface of the panel is curved in a concave shape, and the long-length direction pitch of slots formed in an aperture region 2 of a pressed mask 1 to be disposed close to the inner surface and the connection-direction width of each of bridges which connect the slots are made different between a central portion (A) and a peripheral portion (B) in the apertured region 2 of the pressed mask 1, whereby the ratio of bridges per unit area is made larger in the central portion (A) than in the peripheral portion (B) or the opening rate of slots per unit area is made larger in the peripheral portion (B) than in the central portion (A).

Abstract: The invention provides a linear organic electroluminescent light source which is high in brightness and capable of realizing white color. A brighter light source can be obtained compared with a light source having only one organic electroluminescent element by forming the organic electroluminescent element to have at least one organic layer, which emits light, on both sides of a transparent substrate, and covering the transparent substrate with a mirror which is high in reflectance except one end face of the transparent substrate. When the same brightness as that of a light source having one element is obtained, the power consumption can be suppressed. The light source can thus emit white light.

Abstract: A light emitting element capable of suppressing the deterioration of an organic thin film layer as light emitting layers is provided. The light emitting element comprises a light emitting body emitting light by impressing voltage and a rectifier connected in series with the light emitting body, the light emitting body contains the NPB thin film layer, and the rectifier has the NPB thin film layer.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp includes a glass housing made of a high-melting vitreous material, a pair of sealing components made of the same high-melting vitreous material and extended from the glass housing. A rare gas and a material that is solid or liquid at room temperature is sealed inside the glass housing. Electrically conductive bars are embedded in the sealing components. The air-tight seals around the electrically conductive bars are formed such that at least one metal material selected from metals and oxides of said metals is provided near the regions lying between the high-melting vitreous material and the electrically conductive bar.

Abstract: Optical interference coatings applied to electric lamps for transmitting, on average, 90% of the visible light radiation in the wavelength range from 400 to 760 nm and for reflecting infrared radiation, comprise three spectrally adjacent multilayer stacks of alternately a first layer (L) of a material having a low refractive index and a second layer (H) of a material having a high refractive index. According to the invention, the reflectance of the interference film amounts, on average, to at least 75% in the wavelength range from 800 to 2200 nm, whereas the transmittance amounts, on average, to at least 90% in the wavelength range from 400 to 760 nm. Preferably, the reflectance of the interference coating amounts, on average, to at least 85% in the wavelength range from 800 to 2500 nm. The first stack S1 (design wavelength &lgr;(S1)=2100 nm) of the interference film as shown in FIG. 2 is based on a design comprising eleven layers of alternately a high and a low refractive index material.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes a quartz glass bulb having a sealing portion; and a pair of electrodes. Each electrode of the pair of electrodes is disposed so as to be opposite the other in the quartz glass bulb. The quartz glass bulb of the high pressure discharge lamp contains at least mercury and a halogen gas. The partial pressure of oxygen (O) in the quartz glass bulb is about 2.5×10−3 Pa or less and the partial pressure of the halogen gas in the quartz glass bulb is in the range between about 1×10−8 &mgr;mol/mm3 and 1×10−7 &mgr;mol/mm3.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing the formation of leachable mercury in mercury arc vapor discharge lamps is provided which comprises coating at least one of the metallic components of the mercury arc vapor discharge lamps with at least one noble metal coating.

Abstract: One of the objectives of the present invention are to provide smaller, lighter and less expensive structure in a starting device for discharge lamp for car use so as to prevent breakage due to vibrations etc. And another objective is to attain simultaneous electrical and structural connections between a high voltage electrode and a coil of a starting transformer. The device having the following constitution realizes the above-mentioned objectives. A starting device for a discharge lamp comprises a socket equipped with a high voltage electrode and a grounding electrode, a bobbin with a core-less structure, a starting transformer comprising a primary coil and a secondary coil wound around the bobbin. A screw electrode is arranged at the center of the end face of the bobbin. One end of the screw electrode is connected to an output terminal of the high voltage side of the secondary coil on the starting transformer.

Abstract: One of the objectives of the present invention are to provide smaller, lighter and less expensive structure in a starting device for discharge lamp for car use so as to prevent breakage due to vibrations etc. And another objective is to obtain the high efficient device having a reduced conductor loss. A starting device for discharge lamp comprising; a socket equipped with a high voltage electrode and a grounding electrode for mounting the discharge lamp and a starting parts equipped with a starting transformer, which has a bobbin, a core having a through hole a primary and secondary coils wound around the bobbin where a high voltage leading wire of the secondary coil is connected to a high voltage terminal of the socket via the through hole of the core.

Abstract: The objectives of the present invention are to provide a smaller, lighter and less expensive structure in a starting device for discharge lamp for car use so as to prevent breakage due to vibrations etc.. The starting device for discharge lamp comprising; a socket for mounting the discharge lamp, a bobbin and a starting transformer having a core-less structure equipped with a primary and a secondary coils wound around the bobbin; wherein the starting transformer is formed as in a ring or a horseshoe. A bobbin with a straight bar shape which enables the starting transformer to be arranged laterally is other alternative.

Abstract: A discharge lamp lighting circuit 1 has a DC power supply circuit 3 for outputting a DC voltage and a DC-AC conversion circuit 4 for converting the output voltage of the DC power supply circuit 3 into an AC voltage and then supplying the AC voltage to a discharge lamp 6. To light the discharge lamp 6, a predetermined period of time over which the polarity of the voltage supplied from the DC-AC conversion circuit 4 to the discharge lamp 6 is defined as either positive or negative and is provided before the discharge lamp 6 is lighted. The voltage polarity is forcibly inverted to limit the duration of the period so as not to exceed the predetermined time. The circuit reduces costs and prevents short life and degradation of a discharge lamp by placing a time limit on the duration of the period over which the supply voltage polarity is temporarily fixed before the discharge lamp is lighted.

Abstract: An electrical device such as a ballast for fluorescent lamps and including a housing, a terminal, and a catch element for connecting the terminal to the housing, the catch element including a catch leg for connecting the terminal to the catch element and for connecting the catch element to the housing. Accordingly, the electrical device is designed such that the individual terminal sites of the terminal have minimal positional tolerance so that the terminal can be wired with an automatic installation machine without the danger of misinsertions.

Abstract: In an electronic ballast comprising a fusistor for switching off the ballast if the mains supply current becomes too high, an NTC is arranged between the mains supply lines. A very reliable functioning of the fusistor is obtained thereby.

Abstract: Circuit arrangement for igniting and operating gas discharge lamps, in particular high-pressure gas discharge lamps. The circuit arrangement comprises four controllable switches (S1, S4) which are interconnected to form a full bridge, in which a gas discharge lamp (EL) is to be arranged in the bridge branch of the full bridge. After the ignition and operation of the gas discharge lamp (EL), a warm-up operation is carried out in which there is a switch-over between the two bridge diagonals (S1, S4; S2, S3) respectively. The gas discharge lamp (EL) is ignited by way of a series resonant circuit (L1, C1) which is coupled to the bridge branch, with two series-connected switches (S1, S2) of the full bridge being permanently open and the other two switches (S3, S4) being switched on and off alternately at a high frequency.

Abstract: In a ballast circuit for operating a lamp, which comprises a bridge circuit and a control circuit for controlling the bridge switches, the control circuit comprises a microprocessor. The control signal for controlling the switches is generated by a separate circuit comprising a signal generator, a timer, two comparators and two reference signal generators. The microprocessor is used only to set the reference signals to the desired values, thereby dimming the lamp.

Abstract: A rotational angle detecting apparatus [reduces the influences of a rotational angle detection error included in a linear slope portion of a detection signal when detecting a fine rotational angle, thereby achieving highly accurate detection of rotational angles. The rotational angle detecting apparatus includes] having a rotation detector that outputs, as a rotor coupled to a rotating member rotates, first and second detection signals, which [has a] have predetermined amplitudes, the same cycle, and a phase difference of a quarter wavelength, a memory for storing the first and second detection signals, and a control unit.

Abstract: A generation control device of a hybrid electric vehicle is able to satisfactorily generate power with an excellent responsiveness with respect to a high output requirement from a motor. If a charge level SOC sensed by a charge level sensing device is not greater than a generation start value SOCsta, a generator starts a normal output generation (P(G)=P1). The normal output generation is continued until the charge level SOC reaches a generation end value SOCend larger than the generation start value SOCsta. If a required power consumption Pm of a traction motor sensed by a required power consumption sensing device is not less than Ph, a high output generation (P(G)=P2) with a higher output than the normal output generation is executed instead of the normal output generation.

Abstract: A motor operator for an overhead power switch is disclosed including a microcontroller, a unique and powerful array of well-integrated sensors, a motor and drive developing substantial torque and speed and coupled to a switch actuator and responsive to the microcontroller, and a sophisticated program algorithm stored in memory at the actuator site for dynamically controlling, i.e., governing the various control modes as called for by changing conditions. The sensors include an encoder associated with the motor and drive that develops position information signals fed to the dynamic microcontroller to compute real time information including position, speed, and stopping distance used in conjunction with remote operate commands to open, close and monitor status of the switch in the various ways disclosed.

Abstract: A system for driving an electric actuator unit with a polarity-dependent actuation direction contains a driving unit with a voltage input, at least one polarity control input and two voltage outputs whose polarity depends on the polarity control signal at the polarity control input, and a control input. The actuator unit is operated in at least one of the drive directions only if a corresponding polarity control signal is present and the control input is additionally supplied with a predefined control signal.

Abstract: In a circuit arrangement for switching on a power output stage, in particular for electric motors with a high current draw, the output stage and at least one buffer capacitor connected in parallel with it are connected to an operating voltage source via a relay. A current source which supplies a limited current is connected to the at least one capacitor, bypassing the relay. A delay device is provided, which does not switch on the relay until the at least one capacitor is charged to approximately the operating voltage by means of the current source.

Abstract: A robot performing a variety of actions is disclosed.

Abstract: A charger (20) for simultaneously charging a plurality of batteries (22). The charger has a number of current sources (54) each of which selectively applies charging current to a separate battery. The generation of currents by the current sources is controlled by a controller (56). The controller maintains data indicating the total amount of power that the charger has available for charging batteries. When a battery is connected to a current source, the controller determines if the charger has enough power available to charge that battery. If this evaluation is positive, the controller causes the current source to supply the charging current and adjusts the power available data for the charger downwards to reflect the dedication of power to the battery. Upon the completion of the battery charging, the controller adjusts the power available data upwardly to reflect the availability of the power previously dedicated to that battery.

Abstract: A voltage boosting device for speeding power-up of multilevel nonvolatile memories, including a voltage regulator and a charge pump and having an output terminal; the voltage regulator having a regulation terminal connected to the output terminal, and an output supplying a control voltage; the read charge pump having an output connected to the output terminal and supplying a read voltage. The device further includes an enable circuit connected to the output and having a pump enable output connected to a charge pump enable terminal and supplying a pump enable signal. The pump enable signal is set at a first logic level so as to activate the charge pump when the read voltage is lower than a nominal value. In addition, the device generates a power-up sync signal which activates a read operation when the read voltage reaches its nominal value and a chip enable signal is set at an active value.

Abstract: In a flash memory, a level shifter and a driver of a wordline driver are formed by MOS transistors having a low sustaining voltage, and a voltage control circuit for controlling a driver power supply voltage VPP is provided. The voltage control circuit holds VPP at a voltage LV which is below the sustaining voltage, when the logical state of the MOS transistors is changed. In addition, the voltage control circuit ramps up VPP from the low-level voltage LV to a voltage HV which is above the sustaining voltage, after the logical state of the MOS transistors has been changed. Further, the voltage control circuit ramps down VPP from the high-level voltage HV to the low-level voltage LV, before the logical state of the MOS transistors is changed next. Such arrangement enables even a wordline driver of the low-level voltage specification to handle not only low-level voltage but also high-level voltage without introducing any problems.

Abstract: A drive circuit for driving an FET including: a charge pump circuit (40) which comprises multi-stage switching elements (Q1-Q3), condensers (C1-C3), and inversion buffers (B1-B5), and operates in response to the oscillatory output of an oscillator circuit (OSC); and a comparison means (OP) for comparing the output voltage of the charge pump circuit with a preset reference voltage to thereby control the oscillation of the oscillator circuit (OSC). The charge pump circuit (40) is thus operated intermittently so as to provide a sufficiently large gate voltage to the MOSFET in a stable manner, thereby maintaining a constant output-load characteristic.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, an integrated circuit includes: a voltage regulator, the voltage regulator having the capability to both sink and source current while maintaining a substantially predetermined voltage level.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, an integrated circuit includes: a voltage regulator, the voltage regulator having the capability to both sink and source current while maintaining a substantially predetermined voltage level.

Abstract: A voltage generating circuit includes a plurality of field effect transistors at least partially having gates same in conductivity type but different in impurity concentration. The gates are different in impurity concentration by not less than one digit.

Abstract: In an evaluation circuit for evaluating an output signal of a magnetoresistive sensor (1) for rotational speed measurement, in which the evaluation circuit performs an offset compensation of the sensor signal and comprises a comparator (4) which receives the offset-compensated sensor signal and compares it with a reference voltage, a reliable identification of the output signal of the sensor after switching on the arrangement is ensured in that, in an initial mode, the value of the reference voltage is selected in dependence upon the temperature, the temperature dependence being approximated to that of the sensor signal, in that a control unit (6) is provided which, in the initial mode, consecutively checks whether the sensor signal is present, triggers the offset compensation only after the presence of said signal, subsequently checks whether the comparator (4) supplies an output signal, and changes over to a control mode only after the presence of said signal, in which control mode the temperature dependenc

Abstract: An inductive linear encoder (10) has a position sensor (1) and scale (2) which are movably disposed relative to each other. The sensor (1) is with a drive wire (3) to which an alternating current is supplied, and one set of detection wires (4a-4d) at right angles to the drive wire (3) in the same plane. The scale (2) is configured including an elongate substrate (7) having its surface on which a series combination of conductive closed loop patterns (8) are periodically arranged at equal intervals. These conductive closed loop (8) are linearly laid out on the substrate (7) in the relative movement direction. Each loop (8) consists essentially of a reception conductor segment (8a) and signal transmit conductor segments (8b, 8c) integral with the former (8a). The receive conductor segment (8a) is responsible for generation of an induced current due to a first variable magnetic field creatable from the drive coil (3).

Abstract: A method for setting the magnetization of at least one bias layer of a magnetoresistive sensor element, the bias layer being part of an artificial antiferromagnetic system including at least one bias layer, at least one flux conducting layer and at least one coupling layer provided therebetween and coupling the two layers antiferromagnetically, includes the steps of heating or cooling the sensor element above or below a predetermined temperature, applying a magnetic setting field during and/or after the heating or cooling, switching off the setting field after a predetermined time, and returning the temperature to the initial temperature. A sensor configuration and a sensor substrate are also provided.

Abstract: An NMR (=nuclear magnetic resonance) probe head comprising an RF (=radio frequency) receiver coil system, which can be cooled down to cryogenic temperatures, and a room temperature pipe (5), extending in a z direction, for receiving a sample tube (6) containing sample substance to be examined by NMR measurements is characterized by a centering device (10) for centering the sample tube (6) in its measuring position about the axis of the room temperature pipe (5) to thereby provide simple and substantial reduction in the temperature gradient in the z direction during operation without thereby impairing the NMR measurement.

Abstract: Process for monitoring the residual charge and the capacity of a battery, where at least two voltage-current measurements have been carried out on the load-carrying battery. The current load of the battery selected here should be greater than 30% of the nominal capacity per hour, e.g. for a 100 Ah battery, at least 30 amperes. The initial voltage-current measurement is taken at an initial time for an initial load condition of the battery. A second voltage-current measurement is carried out at a second time for a second load condition of the battery. It is essential here that the load condition of the battery has changed because of the current that has been drawn. The current-voltage measurements produce an initial measuring point and a second measuring point. The two measuring points set an interpolation line and determine the point of intersection with a limiting voltage level (UGr). This point of intersection is marked by a so-called limiting current (IGr).

Abstract: A capacitance measurement circuit detects a change in capacitance between a variable capacitor and a fixed reference capacitor in a bridge network and provides feedback current to null-balance the bridge. An error signal is amplified at high gain by a differential integrator having an output that is converted to a high-frequency stream of digital pulses of constant amplitude and width. The pulse stream is integrated to provide a voltage to control feedback current used to balance the bridge. The average pulse density per unit time, or the frequency of the digital pulses, is linearly proportional to a change in capacitance of said variable capacitor to high accuracy over a wide dynamic range.

Abstract: An improved interconnection between horizontal conductors and the input to logic elements. A signal regeneration circuit is provided in the path between the horizontal conductor and the logic element, thereby isolating and boosting the signal. This allows for faster switching operation. A path is provided allowing the selective routing of signals from the horizontal conductors to the vertical conductors, without passing through a logic element. Also, a path is provided to allow a horizontal conductors to be routed to any of a plurality of vertical conductors.

Abstract: A source synchronous type interface circuit in which, for fetch of a transmitted data, a source synchronous clock indicating a data transmission timing is transmitted from transmission to reception side along with the data, so that a reception clock is generated to define an operation timing of a first reception flip-flop for taking in a data from the reception signal of the source synchronous clock. The interface further includes a second reception flip-flop for feeding an output from the first reception flip-flop further to a second reception flip-flop in synchronization with a common system clock and a variable delay circuit for absorbing phase fluctuations of the first reception flip-flop depending on transmission delay time, to assure a phase difference required for correctly receiving the data. The variable delay circuit has a delay amount automatically controlled according to phase differences between the system clock and the source synchronous clock received.

Abstract: A system of the present invention uses small swing differential source synchronous voltage and timing reference (SSVTR and/SSVTR) signals to compare single-ended signals of the same slew rate generated at the same time from the same integrated circuit for high frequency signaling. The SSVTR and/SSVTR signals toggle every time the valid signals are driven by the transmitting integrated circuit. Each signal receiver includes two comparators, one for comparing the signal against SSVTR and the other for comparing the signal against/SSVTR. A present signal binary value determines which comparator is coupled to the receiver output, optionally by using exclusive-OR logic with SSVTR and/SSVTR. The coupled comparator in the receiver detects whether change in signal binary value occurred or not until SSVTR and/SSVTR have changed their binary value. The same comparator is coupled if the signal transitions. The comparator is de-coupled if no transition occurs.

Abstract: The circuit has a first input for supplying a first signal (S1) to a series circuit made from a plurality of basic elements. Each basic element has a memory (M) for storing the signal level which is applied to the input of the basic element, and the output of a storage element (M) is connected to the input of a next basic element. Furthermore, the circuit has a second input for supplying a second signal (S2) which is connected to a control input of each basic element. Given a first level of the second signal, the storage elements (M) take up the signal level stored in the preceding storage element, and given a second level of the second signal, the storage elements (M) retain the signal level respectively stored in them. Furthermore, the circuit has comparator units (XOR) to which, in each case, the signal levels stored by the storage units (M) of two adjacent basic elements are supplied.