Abstract: An organic EL device capable of preventing a deterioration in luminous section and increasing an effective area of a luminous section and current gain thereof. The organic EL device includes at least one first electrode made of a transparent electrode material, at least one luminous section made of an organic EL material and formed on the first electrode, and at least one second electrode formed on the luminous section. The luminous section is arranged on the first electrode so that the first electrode has an annular upper surface portion which is not covered with the luminous section left on an upper surface thereof in a manner to surround the luminous section. The second electrode is formed so that the luminous section has an annular upper surface portion which is not covered with the second electrode left on an upper surface thereof in a manner to surround the second electrode.

Abstract: A glass substrate and method for making the substrate. A sheet of glass is formed by floating molten glass on a molten material such as tin. The sheet is cut into smaller pieces which are then cut into circular blanks. An inner opening is formed in the blank. Other steps such as sizing cuts and chamfering of the inner and outer diameter may be performed. The blanks are ground or polished only a minimal amount or are not ground or polished, thus providing for economical manufacture. Various cleaning and chemical treatment steps may also be performed.

Abstract: The present invention improves the performance of lithium electrochemical cells by providing a new electrode assembly based on a sandwich cathode design, but termed a double screen sandwich cathode electrode design. In particular, the present invention uses sandwich cathode electrodes which are, in turn, sandwiched between two half double screen sandwich cathode electrodes, either in a prismatic plate or serpentine-like electrode assembly. In a jellyroll electrode assembly, the cell is provided in a case-positive design and the outside round of the electrode assembly is a half double screen sandwich cathode electrode.

Abstract: Methods and kits for removing contaminants from fuel cells are disclosed. The methods include passing a removal substance through a flow channel in the cell, where the substance is selected to remove the contaminant. The contaminants can be, e.g., metallic ions or organic compounds, and the removal substance can be, e.g., acidic or alkaline solutions, chelating agents, or oxidants.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell system is disclosed, wherein at least one electrochemical cell is provided in a vessel. The electrochemical cells each include a membrane electrode assembly having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a membrane disposed between and in intimate contact with the first electrode and the second electrode. The vessel is disposed around the membrane electrode assembly. The vessel defines at least a portion of a first storage area that is in fluid communication with the first electrode. Further vessel defines at least a portion of a second storage area that is in fluid communication with the second electrode.

Abstract: A method for monitoring process gas of a solid oxide fuel cell system is disclosed. The method comprises directing a portion of process gas from a chamber of the solid oxide fuel cell system to a main plenum chamber. A portion of process gas is cooled to a measurable temperature and directed to a sensor for analyzing. A solid oxide fuel cell system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A compressor arrangement for the operation of a fuel cell system, wherein a compressed air flow can be delivered from the compressor arrangement, which is driven by an electric motor, to the fuel cell system and wherein the compressor arrangement and optionally the electric motor are at least partly surrounded by a sound insulation, is characterized in that the sound insulation is permeable to air and is provided within a housing which at least partly surrounds the compressor and preferably also the electric motor, and in that at least a part of the air intake flow for the compressor arrangement can be directed through the air permeable sound insulation before it enters into the compressor inlet.

Abstract: An integrated fuel cell and pressure swing adsorption system is disclosed for operating a solid polymer fuel cell on an enriched reactant stream. The fuel and/or oxidant streams may be enriched; for example, air and reformate streams may be oxygen and hydrogen enriched, respectively. The system may advantageously combine periodic reversal of the reactant flows through the fuel cell with use of an integrated pressure swing adsorption system.

Abstract: A fuel cell system having partial and/or total redundancy of at least one operational component, such as a redundancy of fuel cell stacks and/or fuel processors. In some embodiments, the fuel cell system includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks adapted to deliver the same maximum rated power output as a comparative fuel cell system having only a single fuel cell stack. In some embodiments, the fuel cell system includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks adapted to deliver more than the maximum rated power output of the comparative fuel cell system. In some embodiments, the fuel cell system includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks having at least n+1 (or total) redundancy compared to a fuel cell system having only a single fuel cell stack. In some embodiments, the fuel cell system includes a control system and/or structure adapted to limit the applied load to the system.

Abstract: A fuel cell comprising a fuel cell stack portion integrally connected to a waste energy recovery portion by a distribution manifold is presented. The fuel cell stack portion has supply and exhaust openings. The waste energy recovery portion has flow channels defined therein, and supply and exhaust openings. The distribution manifold integrally connects the fuel cell stack portion with the waste energy recovery portion. The distribution manifold has supply and exhaust passages therethrough, with the supply passages interconnecting the supply openings of the fuel cell stack portion with the supply openings of the waste energy recovery portion and the exhaust passages interconnecting the exhaust openings of the fuel cell stack portion with the exhaust opening of the waste energy recovery portion.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a fuel cell system for an electric vehicle that is driven with (at least among other things) fuel cells, whereby the—preferably but not exclusively air-cooled—fuel cell system is installed such that the dynamic pressure of the relative wind drives the cooling system. A fuel cell stack is preferably located at the radiator of the vehicle and the relative wind directly cools the individual fuel cells.

Abstract: A heat exchange cell and to a method of utilizing the waste heat of an air-cooled fuel cell battery is described. The heat exchange cell is of a configuration similar to that of the fuel cell and, in the stack, should directly adjoin the fuel cell battery, so that the spent cooling air is utilized to heat a medium without an intermediate line.

Abstract: A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack including stacked power-generating cells, a cooling medium-circulating passage for supplying a cooling medium to the fuel cell stack in a circulating manner to cool the power-generating cells, and a heat exchange means arranged for the cooling medium-circulating passage, for performing a heat exchange treatment for the cooling medium used to cool the power-generating cells, wherein the operation temperature of the fuel cell stack is set to be within a range of 100° C. to 210° C. Accordingly, it is possible to improve durability of the fuel cell system in the high output operation and to easily miniaturize the fuel cell system.

Abstract: A three-way gas control valve assembly for selectively controlling gas flow from one inlet port into two outlet ports or vice-versa, such as may be required for flow control of hydrogen-containing reformate in fuel cell applications. The valve assembly comprises three subassemblies: a metering subassembly disposable within the high-temperature environment in the fuel cell for mechanically regulating reformate flow; an actuating subassembly disposable outside the fuel cell and connected to the metering subassembly for actuating a pintle shaft and valve head in the metering subassembly; and a coupling tube subassembly extendable through an insulative shroud to mechanically couple and thermally isolate the metering and actuating subassemblies.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell arrangement using a bipolar plate is disclosed, wherein the bipolar plates are formed from single or multiple sheets of metal foil, preferably titanium, embossed with the fluid fields. The bipolar plate, which forms the oxygen, hydrogen, and coolant passages and acts as a separator between adjacent cells of a cell stack, is lightweight, small compared to conventional bipolar plates, ductile, inexpensive, and easy to produce.

Abstract: A fuel ampoule for fuel cells delivers fuel by diffusion through the ampoule walls. The fuel ampoule is stored in a fuel impermeable container. These ampoules used with small low power fuel cells need a steady controlled uniform delivery of vaporous fuel such as alcohols. This fueling system avoids the leakage problems of liquid fuel, and may be easily packaged for small compact fuel cell systems.

Abstract: A conductive polymer is disclosed which is suitable for use in applications which require corrosion resistance including resistance to corrosion when subjected to acidic flow at temperature ranging from −40 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit and which can be molded such as by compression and/or injection molding techniques, into highly intricate and thin specimens without significant post machining. and which exhibit consistent conductivity, sufficient strength and flexibility, and appropriate surface characteristics. In particular the invention involves molding resin composition, which have high loadings of conductive fillers. Further the compositions may include rheological modifiers such as Group II oxides and hydroxides; carbodiamides; aziridines; polyisocyanates; polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE); perfluoropolyether (PFPE), and polyethylene. In an additional embodiment of the invention, an anti-shrink additive is added to improve the characteristics of the molded fuel cell plate.

Abstract: The method of the present invention enhances the adhesive strength of a polymer electrolyte film via an adhesive and thereby manufactures a fuel cell having the high reliability for the gas sealing property. The method exposes a joint body, which has been prepared by interposing a polymer electrolyte film between an anode and a cathode and bonding them, to an atmosphere having a temperature of 25° C. and a humidity of 50% over one hour (S110). The method then provides a pair of separators and applies an adhesive on specific areas of the separators, which are directly joined with the polymer electrolyte film (S120). The adhesive used here is a modified rubber adhesive that is a mixture of epoxy resin and modified silicone and has a modulus of elasticity of not greater than 10 MPa and a durometer A hardness of not greater than 90 after cure.

Abstract: A paste-like ink is prepared by dissolving camphor in an alcoholic solvent and dispersing fine carbon particles with a catalyst carried thereon in the solvent (step S100). A sheet-like electrode-forming member is formed on an electrolyte membrane by screen printing the paste-like ink thus obtained (step S102). The electrode-forming member is dried at 80° C. for one hour, in order to deposit camphor included in the electrode-forming member as a pore-forming agent (step S104). The electrode-forming member and the electrolyte membrane are joined with each other by hot pressing (step S106). The joint body of the electrode-forming member and the electrolyte membrane is dried under vacuum at 80° C. for three hours, in order to sublimate and remove camphor depositing in the electrode-forming member (step S108). This gives an electricity-generating layer that is a joint body of an electrode having a plurality of pores and the electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: An annular pack for a cylindrical member for use in a wellbore includes a housing adapted to be mounted about an exterior circumference of the cylindrical member. The housing has mutually engagable annular segments. At least one of the annular segments defines a chamber for housing an electrical device.

Abstract: A conventional battery has a problem that when a temperature of the battery reaches at least 100° C. due to internal short-circuit or the like, large short-circuit current is generated, and therefore, a temperature of the battery further increases due to exothermic reaction to increase the short-circuit current. Also, if an aluminum laminated pack and the like are used as a casing material for the purpose of lightweight and improved energy density of the battery, and if an adhesive agent is used to joint an electrode with a separator to maintain the contact thereof, there is a problem that the adhesive agent intrudes into the opening part of the separator and the opening part area and the hole diameter decrease to bring about unfavorable results for discharge load characteristics of the battery.

Abstract: In the charging of a valve-regulated, lead-acid (VRLA) cell at a charge voltage which has a value that is slightly in excess of the value of the open-circuit voltage of the cell, wherein, during charging of the cell, there is produced at the positive and negative electrodes respectively oxygen gas and hydrogen gas in a predetermined amount, and wherein the negative electrode tends to discharge over a prolonged period of time during charging, the improvement comprising inhibiting the tendency of the negative electrode to discharge during charging by controlling the amount of oxygen gas in the cell by catalytically converting a portion of the oxygen gas and a portion of the predetermined amount of hydrogen gas to water, for example, by use of a catalyst positioned in the cell.

Abstract: The present invention includes a battery pack or battery having excellent heat dissipation thus increasing the safety of these devices in high power applications. The battery packs and batteries of the invention have a surface with a high true surface area such that the surface roughness (R), defined by the ratio of the true surface area of the surface to the apparent surface area of the surface, is greater than or equal to about 1.2. In addition, the battery packs and batteries of the invention are preferably formed of material having a high emissivity or include high emissivity labels to provide even greater heat dissipation.

Abstract: A battery body (27) has positive and negative battery electrodes (29, 30), which are provided in two accommodation spaces (32, 33) surrounded by an insulating wall portion (27a) that is an outer wall thereof, and also has terminal insertion openings (32a, 33a) adapted to permit only battery terminals, which correspond to the battery electrodes (29, 30) accommodated in the accommodation spaces (32, 33), respectively, to be fitted thereto. Each of the battery terminals (24, 25) has a connecting flat plate portion (24a, 25a) that has a transversal section of a predetermined shape and can be fitted into a corresponding one of the terminal insertion opening (32a, 33a). One of the terminal insertion openings (32a) has a nearly rectangular opening having an opening width (a1), which is wider than an opening width (c1) of the other terminal insertion opening (33a), and also having an opening height (b1), which is lower than an opening height (d1) of the latter terminal insertion opening (33a).

Abstract: To provide a lithium secondary cell, which is excellent in productivity since a cell structure is simple and easy for assembly. Provided is a lithium secondary cell having: an internal electrode body including a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate being wound and laminated around an external periphery wall of a hollow cylindrical winding core, and inside the internal electrode body a nonaqueous electrolyte solution being impregnated, a cylindrical cell case contained in this internal electrode body 1 with both ends being opened, and two electrode caps sealing the above described internal electrode body 1 at both the open ends of this cell case.

Abstract: A power source device (2) includes a plurality of small batteries (3), a plurality of bus, bars (4), a casing (5), and a battery cover (1). The small batteries (3) are stacked together in such a manner that positive electrodes (7), as well as negative electrodes (8), are alternately reversely directed. The bus bars (4) are embedded in the casing (5), and when the casing (5) covers end portions of the small batteries (3), the electrodes (7, 8) are connected together. The battery cover (1) includes a cover body (11), opening/closing covers (12), and hinges (13). The cover body (11) is attached to the casing (5). The opening/closing covers (12) can be displaced between their respective closed positions where the opening/closing covers (12) respectively cover the electrodes (7, 8) and their respective open positions where the electrodes (7, 8) are exposed.

Abstract: A plurality of shock-absorbing ribs (19) for protecting batteries are formed on an outer surface of the cover (18). The plurality of ribs (19) are arranged parallel to each other. The plurality of ribs (19) may be crossed in a lattice-like manner. Shock-absorbing projections (20) each for abutting against a fixing member (11), engaged with the battery electrode (10), are formed on an inner surface of the cover (18). The projection (20) has an annular shape, and a distal end portion of the electrode (10) is received in the projection. A gap between the projection (20) and the fixing member (11) is smaller than a gap between the electrode (10) and the cover (18). The plurality of ribs (19) and the projections (20) are disposed substantially symmetrically. The plurality of ribs (19) are interconnected by bulge portions (21).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrochemical cell having plate electrodes housed inside mating “clam shell” casing components. Also, the present casing design allows for indentation structures in the casing components by virtue of them being stamped metal parts. Such indentations are not possible with traditional cylindrical and prismatic casing designs. When mated together, the casing components are form-fitting with respect to the internal battery structure so as to reduce the overall size of the electrochemical package. This provides the cell with the greatest amount of energy per unit size.

Abstract: Disclosed is an active material for constituting a nickel electrode for alkaline storage batteries which has a high utilization at high ambient temperatures and therefore realizes a battery of higher energy density and a longer cycle life. The nickel electrode active material comprises a nickel hydroxide powder prepared from nickel sulfate and contains SO42− at 0.4 wt % or less in the crystal of the powder. The nickel hydroxide is preferably solid solution nickel hydroxide incorporating therein at least one element selected from the group consisting of cobalt, cadmium, zinc and magnesium.

Abstract: Objects of the present invention is to provide a carbon material having a superior reversibility in lithium intercalation-deintercalation reaction, and a non-aqueous secondary battery using the carbon material as an active material for a negative electrode, which has a high energy density and an excellent rapid charging and discharging characteristics.

Abstract: A solid, gel type non-aqueous electrolyte for use in an electrochemical cell, the electrolyte including: (a) at least one polymer compound; (b) at least one organic solvent, and (c) at least one electrolytically active salt represented by the formula:

Abstract: A thickness of each hologram lens for forming a hologram color filter is set so as to be smaller as the wavelength of light to be diffracted by each hologram lens is shorter. A thin plate glass layer is bonded to a surface of the hologram color filter such that it is in a firm contact therewith by adhesive agent and a sum of the thickness of the thin plate glass layer and thickness of the adhesive agent is smaller than the shortest focal length of the focal lengths in glass of a plurality of the hologram lenses. As a result, light diffracted and divided by the hologram color filter is focused on a picture element electrode of a corresponding color properly thereby eliminating deterioration of color reproduction due to mixing of colors. Further, upon production of the hologram color filter from hologram recording material, an influence of a fringe rotation is compensated.

Abstract: A photomask fabricated by a photomask fabrication method has a transparent substrate (10), a shade pattern (11) formed in a hollow section (23), and a phase shift pattern (102) having a flat surface that is selectively formed on the transparent substrate (10) and the shield pattern (11).

Abstract: An electronically programmed mask is connected to an electronic device, such as a processor. In operation, a mask design is first entered into the processor. The processor controls a display of an image on the electronically programmed mask, wherein the display replicates conventional type masks. The electronically programmed mask is designed such that the display presented on its screen provides optical contrast and characteristics that are easily changed or reprogrammed by the processor. Electronically controlled masks provide the same patterns as mechanical type masks without requiring rigid, permanent type structures to form a desired pattern.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a photo mask employing in a TFT—LCD fabrication using 4-mask process. The disclosed photo mask comprises a transparent substrate and a shielding pattern formed thereon, wherein the shielding pattern includes a pair of first shielding patterns of a box type disposed with separation to cover source and drain formation regions, a pair of second shielding patterns of a bar type disposed between the first shielding patterns and third shielding patterns of a bar type disposed on lower and upper portions of the first and the second shielding patterns to make a clear division between a light transmittance region and a light shielding region on the edge of a channel region.

Abstract: A reticle having a pellicle frame and pellicle membrane is cleaned without removing or damaging the pellicle membrane. A cover encases the pellicle membrane and pellicle frame, sealing the pellicle from the external environment during a cleaning process. The cover fits around the periphery of the pellicle frame and covers the pellicle membrane. An edge of the cover in contact with the reticle forms a seal. The reticle is fastened to reticle supports on a spin chuck during the cleaning process. An anchor plate presses the cover to the reticle, maintaining the pellicle sealed from the external environment. The cover and reticle are sandwiched together between the anchor plate and spin chuck.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for efficiently cleaning a cleaning subject, especially a method for cleaning an electrophotographic photosensitive member that enables a uniform and high quality image to be obtained without leaving image defects and irregular images, wherein the cleaning step of the cleaning subject comprises: making the circulation flow rate during dipping of a cleaning subject in the cleaning solution to be different from the circulation flow rate when the cleaning subject is pulled up; and showering the cleaning solution used in the cleaning step during the pull-up step on the surface of the cleaning subject; or wherein the method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member for depositing a functional film by a plasma CVD method on an aluminum substrate containing silicon, iron and aluminum especially comprises cleaning steps of: degreasing oil components on the surface of the substrate prior to deposition of a film; making the circulation flow rate during dippin

Abstract: A high-sensitivity and long-life electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising an electroconductive substrate and at least a photosensitive layer on the electroconductive substrate is provided, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a polyarylate resin not having a nitrogen atom in its repeating unit, and the Hall mobility at an electric field strength of 3×105 (V/cm) and at a temperature of 21° C. of the photosensitive layer is 3×10−6 (cm2/Vs) or more.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image is disclosed, which contains as a charge control agent a trivalent chromium salt of salicylic acid or a derivative thereof represented by the following general formula; 1

Abstract: After first, second, and third continuous members are bonded to each other in a laminated state, they are cut together to a predetermined length for thereby producing an instant photography film unit. A predetermined number of produced instant photography film units are stacked in a stacking station, and then automatically placed into a film pack in a packaging station. An overall process of manufacturing instant photography film units that are packaged is performed automatically and efficiently.

Abstract: A substrate coated with a coating solution, for example, a resist solution is heated at a predetermined temperature, thereafter putted in a non-heated state, and then heated at a second predetermined temperature. Alternatively, a heating process in which a substrate coated with a resist solution is heated and a non-heated process in which the substrate is putted in a non-heated state are repeated a plurality of times. The adoption of the above treating methods can prevent the occurrence of transfer which is an index of ununiformity of film thickness of a resist solution and the like and change in line width of a circuit pattern, thus improving yield in substrate treatment.

Abstract: Positive resists sensitive to UV, electron beam, and x-ray radiation which are alkaline developable are formulated from a polymer material comprising recurrent structures having alkaline soluble groups pendent to the polymer backbone, a portion of which groups are substituted with acid labile groups.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel undercoating solution for the formation of an antireflection undercoating layer to intervene between the surface of a substrate and a photoresist layer to be patterned in the manufacturing process of semiconductor devices with an object to prevent adverse influences of the light reflecting at the substrate surface on the cross sectional profile of the patterned resist layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chemical-amplification negative-working photoresist composition used for photolithographic patterning in the manufacture of semiconductor devices suitable for patterning light-exposure to ArF excimer laser beams and capable of giving a high-resolution patterned resist layer free from swelling and having an orthogonal cross sectional profile by alkali-development. The characteristic ingredient of the composition is the resinous compound which has two types of functional groups, e.g., hydroxyalkyl groups and carboxyl or carboxylate ester groups, capable of reacting each with the other to form intramolecular and/or intermolecular ester linkages in the presence of an acid released from the radiation-sensitive acid generating agent to cause insolubilization of the resinous ingredient in an aqueous alkaline developer solution.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium having a multilayer structure comprising at least a lower protective layer, a phase-change type optical recording layer, an upper protective layer and a reflective layer, on a substrate, wherein the phase-change type optical recording layer has a composition of Zn&ggr;1In&dgr;1Sb&zgr;1Te&ohgr;1, where 0.01≦&ggr;1≦0.1, 0.03≦&dgr;1≦0.08, 0.5≦&zgr;1≦0.7, 0.25≦&ohgr;1≦0.4, and &ggr;1+&dgr;1+&zgr;1+&ohgr;1=1, whereby overwrite recording is carried out by modulation of light intensity of at least strong and weak two levels, so that a crystalline state is an unrecorded state, and an amorphous state is a recorded state.

Abstract: A resist film is formed by applying, on a semiconductor substrate, a resist material including at least one atom or group selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkoxy group, an amino group, an alkyl group, a trifluoromethyl group and a mercapto group. The resist film is irradiated with exposing light of a wavelength of a 1 nm through 180 nm band for pattern exposure, and the resist film is developed after the pattern exposure, so as to form a resist pattern.

Abstract: A round burner capable of being operated with reduced CO and NOx emissions includes a venturi tube positioned to direct a flow of air through the burner and into a combustion zone in a combustion chamber through an entrance in a wall of the combustion chamber. The venturi tube has inlet and outlet ends and a throat. The outlet end of the venturi tube has a larger internal diameter than either the inlet end or the throat and the same is positioned adjacent the entrance to the combustion chamber. The inlet end of the venturi tube is also positioned further from the entrance than the outlet end of the venturi tube. The burner may include a duct system that includes an inlet disposed in fluid communication with the combustion zone and an outlet disposed in fluid communication with the venturi tube adjacent the throat thereof.

Abstract: An air heating burner having improved CO emissions across a broad range of heat inputs. The burner incorporates wings which cover portions of mixing plates associated with low to medium-low fire. The wings reduce air flow velocity to eliminate quenching during such conditions, thereby increasing combustion temperature and reducing CO emissions. The wings also form pre-heat chambers which further increase combustion temperature. The burner produces a substantially consistent level of CO emissions across the range of inputs, regardless of the pressure drop across the burner.

Abstract: A lantern having a compact configuration. The lantern has a generally cylindrical shape with a lower housing containing a fuel tank, a shut-off valve and a regulator. A cap at the base of the lower housing can be removed, providing access to the fuel tank. The fuel tank is refillable via a fuel fill valve arranged at the base of the tank. A burner tube is coupled to the regulator and extends upwards beyond the housing. A mantle, which when lit provides illumination, is removably coupled to the upper end of the burner tube. A generally conical reflector is arranged around the burner tube below the mantle and above the regulator. A glass globe is arranged around the burner tube/mantle assembly and a ventilator cap is arranged above the globe. The ventilator cap attaches to rails which extend up from opposite sides of the lower housing and can be readily removed to access the mantle.

Abstract: A powered multi-fuel burner has a burner assembly which utilizes an air aspirated nozzle and an infra-red type configuration. An air compressor provides air to the air aspirated nozzle and a fuel tank holds fuel supplied to the air aspirated nozzle by operation of the suction created at the nozzle. A metering valve is interposed between the fuel tank and the air aspirated nozzle. The metering valve is manually adjustable to increase or decrease the fuel supplied to the nozzle thereby to increase or decrease the heat output of the burner.