Abstract: Method of shaping solid, particulate materials, which comprises forming a raw slurry of the starting material, in a liquid which is a partial solvent of said material, and submitting the slurry to treatment by ultrasound generators to produce therein ultrasonic vibrations which shape and grind the starting, particulate material to produce a shaped slurry of ground and shaped particles. The shaped particles may be separated from their slurry by removing the partial solvent by decantation and/or filtration. The partial solvent may be a liquid in which the material to be shaped has a solubility comprised between 1 and 10, wherein the solubility is expressed as grams of material that are dissolved in 100 ml of the liquid at a temperature of 20° C. The partial solvent can be chosen from among acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and mixtures of said solvents with one another or other solvents and/or a minor amount of water, and may also be an organic solvent.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for comminuting solid waste material. The apparatus includes a frame, a set of overlapping scissor rolls, a separator screen and a recycle manifold section. The frame has an enclosure with an entrance for receiving solid waste material. The set of overlapping scissor rolls are rotatably mounted within the enclosure for shearing the waste material into subdivided pieces when the material passes between the scissor rolls. Each scissor roll has a substantially horizontal axis of rotation, with a first scissor roll elevated relative to a second adjacent scissor roll. The separator screen is carried by the frame beneath at least one of the scissor rolls. The separator screen has a plurality of apertures for separating pieces having a size less than a predetermined size which pass through a shear outtake manifold for separation while preventing large subdivided pieces having a size greater than the predetermined size from passing therethrough.

Abstract: An outlet clearance adjustment mechanism of a jaw crusher, which is small in size, simple in structure, and capable of reducing outlet clearance adjusting time, is provided. For this purpose, the outlet clearance adjustment mechanism includes a toggle block (30) having a downward inclined plane (31), a toggle block frame (32) having a mounting surface (33) on which the toggle block (30) is slidably mounted and an inclined plane (34) provided to oppose the downward inclined plane (31), a detachable clearance adjustment shim (36) provided between the opposing downward inclined plane (31) and the inclined plane (34), and the hydraulic type of mechanical lock cylinder (40) provided at a back side of the inclined plane (34) of the toggle block frame (32).

Abstract: A one-way pepper grinding tool includes an one-way member, and a grinding assembly having an inner and an outer grinding part. The one-way member has a main body turnably received in a housing. The main body has several curved slots around a central round hole. The curved slots each has an engaging end portion in open communication with the central round hole for permitting an engaging block movably received in the slot to separably engage a ring fitted in the central round hole; the engaging blocks being biased to the engaging end portions by springs to force the ring to turn together with the main body when the main body turns in a first direction, making the inner grinding part associated with the ring turn to grind pepper. When the main body turns in an opposite direction, the engaging blocks are moved away from the ring, not able to make the ring turn, i.e. the inner grinding part will not turn relative to the outer grinding part.

Abstract: A magnetic tape cartridge includes a cartridge casing formed by upper and lower casing halves and a single reel around which a magnetic tape is wound and which is contained in the cartridge casing for rotation. A slide door for opening and closing a tape outlet opening is mounted on the cartridge casing to be linearly slidable along a door passage between a closing position where it closes the tape outlet opening and an opening position where it opens the tape outlet opening. A door spring for urging the slide door toward the closing position and holding the same in the closing position is disposed on the door passage.

Abstract: An apparatus for lifting and lowering hunting supplies has a hollow housing with a line aperture. A spring-loaded cord reel is rotatably mounted in the housing with a line wound on the reel and having a free end extending through the line aperture. A hook for attachment to hunting supplies is attached to the line free end and can be removably inserted into the housing through the line aperture or a separate storage opening. A slider mounted on the housing is movable between a released position permitting free rotation of the reel for automatically winding and manually unwinding the line and a hold position engaging the line to prevent rotation of the reel.

Abstract: In a method for maintaining the orbital position of a geostationary satellite by compensating perturbational effects of interfering influences, a range of the satellite orbit is determined, relative to a space-fixed reference system, in which the perturbational effects on the satellite position by the interfering influences reaches a maximum. Position maintaining actuators of the satellite are activated within the determined range.

Abstract: An inertial sensor includes an inertial reference for determining the attitude and position of a satellite or satellite parts. A test mass is situated in a space which is essentially free of electric and magnetic fields and is enclosed by a housing, and optical measuring sections are set up between reference elements on the housing and on the test mass, for determining the attitude and/or position of the test mass relative to the reference elements on the housing. A measuring arrangement is situated outside the housing for the optical measuring sections. The optical measuring sections are constructed as optical interferometric measuring elements; and the attitude and position of the test mass can be adjusted by means of the pressures of light exerted on the optical interferometric measuring sections upon the test mass.

Abstract: The invention makes it possible to control a multiplicity of trains on a extensive railway systems using comparatively few complex means without it being necessary for there to be any knowledge of the route on the trains or any locating devices for the trains mounted along the route. For the trains to determine their own position, a satellite locating method is preferably used, which permits the travel location of a train, and thus its current stopping range, to be determined with sufficient precision. By determining such stopping ranges for the trains and by prescribing extensive route areas which apply for the trains, in each case in the form of polygons in a uniform coordinate system, it is possible reliably to detect any collisions of these polygons in order then to request in good time the assignment of current route areas or to start braking.

Abstract: An improved device for holding writing implements that can be adhered onto other surfaces, wherever the user thinks appropriate.The holder device is an elongated base portion with an adhesive for mounting along, and under, one longitudinal edge. The opposite longitudinal edge curls outwardly, upwardly, and circularly, back over itself for approximately 270 degrees, forming three-quarters of an open-ended cylindrically shaped channel, sized to receive and hold elongated writing implements.

Abstract: Roller receiving steps (12f) are formed in both sides of a bottom portion of a main body portion (12a) in a long lower rail (12). An upper rail (13) is formed by a main body portion (13a) and a vertical wall (13e) protruding upward from a center of an upper wall (13d) and protruding upward from an opening portion (12e). A roller (27) is inserted to a portion between the step (12f) in the bottom portion of the main body portion (12a) and the upper wall (13d) of the main body portion (13a) in the upper rail (13). Circular arc surfaces (27d) are formed in both side portions (27a) of the roller (27). The circular arc surfaces (27d) in both side portions (27a) of the roller (27) are mounted to circular arc surfaces (28) of the steps (12f).

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, an object surface (14) is disposed facing one end face of a rod lens array (10), while an image surface (16) is disposed facing the other end face thereof. A lens working distance of the rod lens array on the object side is substantially equal to that on the image side. An actual object-image distance Tco is set between the conjugate length TC1 at which the average value MTFave of the MTF of the rod lens array in the lens array direction is maximized and the conjugate length TC2 at which the &Dgr;MTF(=(MTFmax−MTFmin)/MTFave) is minimized, and a shift quantity &Dgr;TC(=|TCo−TC1|) is set within 0 mm<&Dgr;TC<+02 mm for the conjugate length TC1 at which the MTFave is maximized.

Abstract: A compact light scanning optical device having a wide field of view and high resolution is provided. The light scanning optical system is formed of a point light source, a confocal condensing optical system which collects light from the point light source and directs it to an object to be scanned, a scanning means for scanning the point light source, and a cover glass which includes an interior surface that is concave, with the cover glass being positioned between the confocal condensing optical system and the object to be scanned.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image pickup apparatus which comprises: first and second photoelectric conversion units each including a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements; an image forming unit that forms images viewed from different points on the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements included in each of the first and second photoelectric conversion units; a first holding unit for holding signals from the first photoelectric conversion unit, the first holding unit having at least the same number of capacitors as the number of the photoelectric conversion elements included in the first photoelectric conversion unit; a second holding unit for holding signals from the second photoelectric conversion unit, the second holding unit having at least the same number of capacitors as the number of the photoelectric conversion elements included in the second photoelectric conversion unit; wherein a first common output line to which signals are read out from the plurality of capacitors included in

Abstract: A beam generator, or beam shaping system, for example for use in an optical scanner, creates a non-Gaussian beam which provides improved indicia-reading characteristics. In one embodiment, diffractive optical elements are used to create a Bessel-Gaussian scanning beam, which comprises a coherent combination of a Gaussian beam and a Bessel beam.

Abstract: A door control apparatus for vehicles includes at least one sensor (60, 62, 64) viewing at least one region (22) in the vicinity of a door (18), logic circuitry responsive to said at least one sensor (60, 62, 64) for providing at least one region-clear output signal, and automatic door opening and closing apparatus (24) responsive at least to the absence of said at least one region-clear output signal to cause opening of said door (18) and responsive at least to the presence of said at least one region-clear signal to cause closing of said door (18).

Abstract: A method is disclosed for measuring neutron interaction properties of an earth formation. The method includes irradiating the formation with bursts of high energy neutrons. The bursts have a duration selected to enable detection of short duration burst related phenomena. After at least one of the bursts, short duration burst related phenomena are measured. After a selected number of the bursts, long duration neutron burst-related phenomena are detected. In some embodiments, the short duration burst related phenomena include at least one of inelastic gamma ray related phenomena, neutron slowing down related phenomena and short capture cross section related phenomena.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and apparatus for measuring the distribution of cluster ion sizes in a gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) and for determining the mass distribution and mass flow of cluster ions in a GCIB processing system without necessitating the rejection of a portion of the beam through magnetic or electrostatic mass analysis. The invention uses time-of-flight measurement to estimate or monitor cluster ion size distribution either before or during processing of a workpiece. The measured information is displayed and incorporated in automated control of a GCIB processing system.

Abstract: In a first aspect there is provided an extraction lens for a TOF mass spectrometer ion source, said lens including an element having an aperture, said aperture extending through the element so as to form a through channel, such that, in use, ions may pass from one side of the element to the opposite side of the element by passing through said through channel; characterised in that said through channel has a length equal to or greater than 8/10 of the diameter of said aperture.

Abstract: A mass spectrometry apparatus is provided with a mass spectrometry mechanism for analyzing the mass of ionized detected gas. The mass spectrometry apparatus is further provided with two ion sources, that is, a first ion source for attaching positive charge metal ions to cause ionization, and a second ion source for causing electrons to impact to cause ionization. Based on the configuration, it becomes possible to simultaneously or separately measure the molecular weight and analyze the molecular structure of the detected gas with a high sensitivity. The second ion source is positioned between the first ion source and the mass spectrometry mechanism and the detected gas is introduced into the first ion source. According to the above mass spectrometry apparatus, it is possible to measure the accurate molecular weight of the detected gas with a sufficient sensitivity and to simultaneously analyze the molecular structure with a sufficient sensitivity.

Abstract: An electron beam apparatus such as a sheet beam based testing apparatus has an electron-optical system for irradiating an object under testing with a primary electron beam from an electron beam source, and projecting an image of a secondary electron beam emitted by the irradiation of the primary electron beam, and a detector for detecting the secondary electron beam image projected by the electron-optical system.

Abstract: Radiation detectors are disclosed that include at least one element (pixel). In a pixel, a desired positional relationship between two “effecting” elements is maintained regardless of changes in temperature or other prevailing variable. The detectors can be “electrical capacitance” or “optical-readout” types. A pixel of the electrical capacitance type includes two electrodes (reference electrode and response electrode) that face each other and have a set gap therebetween. The electrodes are attached to respective displaceable members (configured as thermal bimorphs) having identical structures. A pixel of the optical readout type includes a half-mirror and a reflector that face each other and have a set gap therebetween. The half-mirror and reflector are attached to respective displaceable members. Radiation is absorbed by a radiation absorber that transfers the heat to certain displaceable members that bend to tilt accordingly.

Abstract: An infrared optical gas analyzer is provided with at least one infrared optical radiation source (6, 7), two multispectral detectors (1, 2) and a cuvette (12) containing the gas mixture to be measured. A process for determining gas concentrations with the infrared optical gas analyzer is also provided. The gas analyzer makes possible the simultaneous measurement and identification of a plurality of gases in a gas mixture with a compact design not prone to interference. The radiation emitted by an infrared optical radiation source (6) covers a first wavelength range [&lgr;1, &lgr;1′] and the radiation emitted by an infrared optical radiation source (7) covers a second wavelength range [&lgr;2, &lgr;2′] which is selected such that it is different from the first wavelength range. The paths of rays pass through the interior of the cuvette (12) and reach the multispectral detectors (1) and (2).

Abstract: Disclosed is a flat panel X-ray detector, comprising an X-ray-electric charge conversion film converting an incident X-ray into an electric charge, a pixel electrode contiguous to the X-ray-electric charge conversion film and arranged for every pixel, a switching element connected to the pixel electrode, a signal line connected to the switching element, and a scanning line supplying a driving signal to the switching element, wherein the X-ray-electric charge conversion film contains phosphor particles, a photosensitive material, and a carrier transfer material.

Abstract: A data reducer for a scintillation camera is applied when photomultiplier tubes in an array thereof generate output signals following a flash of light from a scintillator. The output signal from a given photomultiplier tube is connected to an integrating preamplifier circuit. Each output signal is connected to an analog to digital converter, to a row amplifier circuit and to a column amplifier circuit. The signal from the analog to digital converter is provided via a bus to a data processor. The output signal of the data processor is set according to operational requirements, and then provided to a digital to analog converter. The signal from the row amplifier circuit is provided to a row summing circuit. The signal from the column amplifier circuit is provided to a column summing circuit. The respective signals from the row summing circuit and the column summing circuit are provided to an energy analyser. The energy analyser ensures that the signal is the result of a gamma event.

Abstract: A semiconductor coincidence detector device including at least a first and a second detector crystal array, each having a first and second surface, an array of pixellated anodes formed on each of the first surfaces, an array of segmented cathodes formed on each of the second surfaces, essentially each of the pixellated anodes being connected to an anode electronic channel for generating a first electrical signal corresponding to the energy of a photon impinging in the semiconductor, and essentially each of the segmented cathodes being connected to a cathode electronic channel for generating an electrical coincidence trigger signal on detection of a photon impinging in the semiconductor, the first electrical signal being read only from anodes located opposite the cathode segment generating the trigger signal.

Abstract: A high sensitivity, three-dimensional gamma ray detection and imaging system is provided. The system uses the Compton double scatter technique with recoil electron tracking. The system preferably includes two detector subassemblies; a silicon microstrip hodoscope and a calorimeter. In this system the incoming photon Compton scatters in the hodoscope. The second scatter layer is the calorimeter where the scattered gamma ray is totally absorbed. The recoil electron in the hodoscope is tracked through several detector planes until it stops. The x and y position signals from the first two planes of the electron track determine the direction of the recoil electron while the energy loss from all planes determines the energy of the recoil electron.

Abstract: An imaging system comprises three or more sources for providing exitation radiation of different wavelengths, an objective lens for focusing one or more of the exitation wavelengths onto a sample to produce fluorescent emission, and a mirror, configured as a geometric beamsplitter, disposed in the transmission path of the emission radiation and exitation radiation subsequent to reflection from the sample and collimation by the lens, wherein the mirror is utilized to reflect one of the collimated exitation and emission radiation such that the emission is directed to a detector and the collimated exitation is directed away from the detector.

Abstract: Charged-particle-beam (CPB) microlithography methods and apparatus are disclosed that suppress increases in reticle temperature caused by CPB irradiation during exposure. The methods and apparatus employ a reticle segmented into subfields or analogous exposure units arranged into minor stripes and at least one major stripe. At least some of the minor stripes comprise a region in which the constituent minor stripes are illuminated multiple times to achieve transfer of the respective pattern portions to a corresponding region on the substrate. Each time a constituent minor stripe is illuminated, the beam energy is reduced, thereby reducing reticle heating. After a subfield in the region has been transferred multiple times to a corresponding transfer subfield on the substrate, the net exposure energy received by the transfer subfield is the same as if the transfer subfield had been exposed only once at a correspondingly higher dose.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for producing reticles for use in charged-particle-beam microlithography. In an exemplary method, a pattern to be formed on a sensitive substrate is designed. For at least certain of the pattern elements, local resizing is determined as appropriate for correcting proximity effects. Corresponding “initial value” reticle-pattern data is then produced. During drawing of the reticle pattern on a reticle substrate using an electron beam, the beam dose is varied so as to change linewidths of the pattern elements from their respective initial value data. Drawn linewidths also can be changed for pattern elements during drawing. The reticle that is produced exhibits better correction of proximity effects when the pattern is transferred to the sensitive substrate.

Abstract: An optical radiation sensor device for detecting radiation in a radiation field having a thickness. A preferred embodiment of the device includes a radiation source and a radiation sensor element positioned to receive radiation from the radiation source. A motor (or other motive means) is provided to alter the thickness of the radiation field from a first thickness to a second thickness. The sensor element is capable of detecting and responding to incident radiation from radiation source at the first thickness and at the second thickness. The optical radiation sensor device allows for determination of radiation (preferably ultraviolet radiation) transmittance of a fluid of interest.

Abstract: The position detection device disclosed has a light source unit provided at a tip portion of a position pointing device, and an optical unit for detecting an incident direction of light from a position pointing device. The optical unit has an optical lens, a group of light detection elements, a group of first signal holding elements, a group of second signal holding elements, a group of connection switching elements, a differential output element, and a signal selecting element. The light source unit has a light source element, and a synchronizing element. The position detection device according to the present invention can eliminate extraneous light by high speed modulation, and provide a low cost optical digitizer which is resistant to disturbance noise.

Abstract: An in-line sensor apparatus and method for the control of fluid manufacture, especially the manufacture of carbonated beverages, provides precise and reliable monitoring of several characteristics of the material of interest. The apparatus consists of a sensor head that is mounted at a point in the process where control is needed. A controlled wavelength light is directed toward the fluid being monitored. The light is sensed directly and after passing through the fluid. Sensor data is processed into reference and quality signals. Fluid quality is predicted by processing these signals.

Abstract: Stimulating rays are linearly irradiated onto an area of a surface of a stimulable phosphor sheet, light emitted by the sheet is collected with a light collecting optical system, and the collected light is detected with a line sensor. An end face of an optical device constituting the light collecting optical system, which end face stands facing the sheet, is formed into a shape such that the stimulating rays, which have been reflected from the surface of the sheet, are reflected by the end face toward the linear area of the sheet exposed to the linear stimulating rays or toward a region of the sheet, which region is located more forward, with respect to a sub-scanning direction, than the linear area of the sheet exposed to the linear stimulating rays.

Abstract: A flow control valve is provided for controlling gas flow comprising a conduit including a first conduit orifice, a second conduit orifice, and a third conduit orifice, a primary piston, disposed within the conduit, including a primary piston valve configured to seal the third conduit orifice, a first aperture and a second aperture, and a bore extending from the first aperture to the second aperture, and configured to facilitate communication between the first aperture and the third conduit orifice, a sealing member, interposed between the conduit and the primary piston, and configured to prevent gas from flowing within the conduit between the first conduit orifice and the second conduit orifice and between the first conduit orifice and third conduit orifice, and a secondary piston, disposed within the conduit between the primary piston and the first conduit orifice, including a first valve, configured to seal the first aperture of the primary piston, and a second valve, configured to seal the first conduit o

Abstract: A rotary plug valve is disclosed in a preferred embodiment that has two telescoping seat assemblies that fit into respective recesses provided in the valve body surrounding a passageway through the plug valve. A valve chamber is formed in the valve body into which the rotary plug may be positioned to control flow through the valve by rotation thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the telescoping seat assemblies provide an upstream and a downstream seal with the rotary plug. The telescoping seat assemblies preferably function differently when in the open and closed position so that both assemblies expand when in the open position whereas in the closed position one assembly expands and one is compressed A line pressure surface is provided to provide a force against the plug seal seat element. The plug seal seat element and plug mate with a curved surface and the contact stress varies depending on the location along the curved surface.

Abstract: In order to propose a hollow poppet valve having an excellent, high strength to weight properties by constructing it in order that no influence from welding heat is exerted onto the face, and no stress is concentrated at the welded portion, and a method for manufacturing the same valve, a fillet area 14 opened like a flare is integrally formed at one end of the cylindrical stem portion 12, and a cap is integrally welded to the open edge portion of the fillet area, wherein only the open edge portion of the fillet area 14 is made thicker than the other portions, and the face 15 is formed on the thicker portion 30. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the hardness of the face 15 from being lowered due to the cap welding heat, and stress from being concentrated at the welded portion, whereby the property of high strength to weight can be improved.

Abstract: A spin electronic material exhibiting a spin-dependent electronic effect includes zincblende TE-VE, where TE stands for V, Cr or Mn and VE stands for As or Sb.

Abstract: A perovskite compound of the formula, (Na½Bi½)1−xMx(Ti1−yM′y)O3±z, where M is one or more of Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu; and M′ is one or more of Zr, Hf, Sn, Ge, Mg, Zn, Al, Sc, Ga, Nb, Mo, Sb, Ta, W, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni, and 0.01<x<0.3, and 0.01<y<0.3, and z<0.1 functions as an electromechanically active material. The material may possess electrostrictive or piezoelectric characteristics.

Abstract: The invention concerns refrigerant compositions which comprise a hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerant and, mixed with the refrigerant, a polyol ester based lubricant. According to the invention the polyol ester comprises a diol having a strongly sterically hindered hydrogen attached to the carbon in position 2, said diol esterified with a mixture of mono- and diabasic carboxylic acids. In particular the diol is 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol or 1,4-dimethylol-cyclohexane. The complex esters in refrigerant mixtures have good lubricant properties and good solubility in HFC compounds.

Abstract: Method, composition and system for generating chlorine dioxide gas in a controlled release manner by combining at least one metal chlorite and a dry solid hydrophilic material that reacts with the metal chlorite in the presence of water vapor, but does not react with the metal chlorite in the substantial absence of liquid water or water vapor to produce chlorine dioxide gas in a sustained amount of from about 0.001 to 1,000 ppm.

Abstract: Disclosed are polymerizable liquid-crystalline compounds of the general formula (I) 1

Abstract: This specification discloses a gallium nitride-based III-V Group compound semiconductor device. Its p-type electrode consists of a semiconductor oxide film and a transparent conductive film. With the good ohmic contact between the former film and the p-type semiconductor layer, the latter one can homogeneously distribute the current to the surface of the whole p-type semiconductor layer. Since both the semiconductor oxide film and the transparent conductive film can be easily penetrated by light, the p-type electrode is a transparent structure with a transparency over 75% within the visible light range. Therefore, this invention can greatly increase the efficiency of the light-emitting devices. Moreover, the manufacturing procedure of this invention being simple and reliable, the yield and device reliability can thus be greatly raised. The production cost is lowered with simplified manufacturing steps at the same time.

Abstract: A GaN-based HFET includes a set of layers all having a common face polarity, i.e., all being either Ga-face or N-face. One of the layers is a thin barrier layer having a first face with a positive charge and a second face with a negative charge thereby causing a potential change to occur between the two faces. The if potential change causes the barrier layer to prevent electron flow from a channel layer into a buffer layer. The GaN-based HFET may also be fabricated without a top barrier layer to obtain an inverted GaN-based HFET.

Abstract: A semiconductor display device which comprises the polycrystalline silicon TFTs is constructed by a pixel region and a peripheral circuit and TFT characteristics required for each circuit are different. For example, an LDD structure TFT having a large off-current suppressing effect is suitable for the pixel region. Also, a GOLD structure TFT having a large hot carrier resistance is suitable for the peripheral circuit. When the performance of the semiconductor display device is improved, it is suitable that difference TFT structures are used for each circuit. In the case where the GOLD structure TFT having both Lov regions and Loff regions is formed, ion implantation into the Lov regions is independently performed using a negative resist pattern formed in a self alignment by a rear surface exposure method as a mask, and thus impurity concentrations of the Lov regions and the Loff regions can be independently controlled.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polysilicon film having high crystal orientation, low in nonuniformity in the crystal grain sizes, having the surface protrusion suppressed and, thus, adapted for use in a liquid crystal display. For manufacturing such an excellent polysilicon film, a native oxide layer formed on a surface of the amorphous silicon film is completely removed by using a hydrofluoric acid solution, followed by immersing the amorphous silicon film in an H2O2 solution for a short time so as to newly form an extremely thin oxide layer on the surface of the amorphous silicon film, prior to a crystallizing processing performed by a laser beam irradiation.

Abstract: A semiconductor projection is formed on a semiconductor substrate of the first conductivity type and has a semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type. The semiconductor projection has a top surface and side surfaces. A gate electrode is formed above at least the side surfaces of the semiconductor projection. Source and drain regions are formed in the side surfaces of the semiconductor projection on opposite sides of the gate electrode. First and second device isolation insulating films are formed on the semiconductor substrate on opposite sides of the semiconductor projection. A first impurity region is formed in the semiconductor substrate below the first device isolation insulating film. A second impurity region is formed in the semiconductor substrate below the second device isolation insulating film. The first and second impurity regions are in contact with each other in the semiconductor substrate below the semiconductor projection.

Abstract: Multilayer anode structures (104) for electronic devices (100) such as polymer light-emitting diodes are described. The multilayer anodes include a high conductivity organic layer (114) adjacent to the photoactive layer (102) and a low conductivity organic layer (112) between the high conductivity organic layer and the anode's electrical connection layer (110). This anode structure provides polymer light emitting diodes which exhibit high brightness, high efficiency and long operating lifetime. The multilayer anode structure of this invention provides sufficiently high resistivity to avoid cross-talk in passively addressed pixellated polymer emissive displays; the multilayer anode structure of this invention simultaneously provides long lifetime for pixellated polymer emissive displays.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes a semiconductor substrate including a surface region of a second conductivity type, and plural unit pixels arranged in a matrix form on the surface region of the second conductivity type. Each of the unit pixels includes a first semiconductor region of a first conductivity type separated by a preset distance from the surface of the surface region in the depth direction and accumulates signal charges obtained by photo-electrical conversion of input light, and a gate electrode formed above the surface region, adjacent to the first semiconductor region and controlling readout of the signal charge accumulated in the first semiconductor region, end portions of the gate electrode and the first semiconductor region separated by a preset distance in a horizontal direction. Thus, the signal charge can be easily read-out and occurrence of thermal noise at the dark time, dark current noise, image-lag can be suppressed.

Abstract: In a semiconductor laser device, an optical guide region includes an active layer and first and second optical waveguide layers respectively formed above and under the active layer, and first and second cladding layers are respectively formed above and under the optical guide region. Each of the first and second cladding layers includes at least one AlGaN layer.