Abstract: A pad production (supply) and packaging system, and method, for automatically producing dunnage pads and inserting one or more of the produced dunnage pads into a container for packaging of an article in the container. The invention is characterized by a pad discharge assembly and/or pad insertion assembly to provide an automatic pad production and packaging system, and method, that afford advantages over existing pad production and packaging arrangements. The discharge assembly, which provides for controlled discharge of dunnage pads produced by a pad producing machine, includes a gating device for effecting passage of the pad out of the holding zone in a direction transverse to the pad length. A controller causes the discharge assembly to release a pad held in the holding zone for passage onto a working surface and preferably a conveyor in synchronous relation to movement of the conveyor for controlled deposition of pads onto the conveyor.

Abstract: This invention relates to stabilizing the movement of containers on a conveyor and indexing the movement of the containers with respect to the movement of the conveyor. The stabilization minimizes the problem of the containers tipping over or pushing to hard against each other. Indexing the movement of the containers with respect to the movement of the conveyor allows the position of the containers to be known on the conveyor.

Abstract: A bag filling and sealing machine includes a bag holder, a bag opening and filling station, and a sealing station. The bag holder holds wicketed bags in a manner that allows the bags to be easily torn from the holder. A funnel assembly successively opens each bag, tears the bag from the bag holder, fills the bag with material, and releases the bag to a grabber assembly. The grabber assembly engages the sides of the bag while the bag is attached to a funnel assembly and later pulls the sides of the bag away from each other so that the top of the bag is closed and ready to seal when the bag is delivered to a sealing apparatus. The grabber assembly moves in a manner so as to minimize the lost height when moving from the filling station to the sealing station.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an oil separator which can be manufactured at a low cost and can prevent the leakage of removed oil, and an oil separator which has improved separation efficiency of the oil mist without increasing the pressure loss; in order to achieve the object, the present invention provide an oil separator for separating oil from a gaseous fluid containing oil in the state of a mist comprising: a hollow case body comprising an opening at the top thereof; a lid for covering the opening formed at the case body; and a filter in the case body, wherein an entrance for inward flow of the gaseous fluid into the case body is formed at the lower side of the case body, an exit for outward flow of the gaseous fluid is formed at the lid, and an outflow exit for outward flow of oil which has been separated is formed at the bottom of the case body.

Abstract: A filter and a method of manufacturing the filter which is formed by spinning a fiber in a semi-molten state onto a mold such that the mold is provided as a filter structural member. The method obviates the need to remove the filter from the mold and thus simplifies the manufacture of the filter.

Abstract: A zero turning radius mowing machine has a string trimmer bracket-mounted to it. An extra sheave is mounted to a mower blade shaft above the mower deck, and belt-coupled through an electric clutch to a hydraulic pump mounted on the mower deck. A switch mounted near the operator's seat, is operable to activate the clutch to operate the hydraulic pump and supply hydraulic power to a hydraulic motor coupled to the string trimmer to drive it as the mower is mowing a lawn or the like. The trimmer mounting is adjustable, and the trimmer has a ground-engaging pod causing the trimmer head to float along the ground contour activate and de-activate the pump. Hydraulic oil storage is in a tank serving also as a front bumper and trimmer bracket mount.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a lawn sweeper and bagger which increases the efficiency of the device by utilizing a Bernoulli Effect to increase the pickup capabilities of the device and which also permits handling of the bags more readily by positioning them on the front rather than on the rear of the machine.

Abstract: A silage cutting implement is to be mounted to the rear or front of a mobile working vehicle. The cutting implement consists of lower and upper parts interconnected by a horizontal pivot axis. The lower part has a loading plane connected by an angled section to a rear frame structure. The upper part has a separation plane connected to a rear frame by an angled section. Hydraulic cylinders are arranged between the upper and lower parts at the side of the pivot axis facing to the loading plane and the separation plane. Both angled sections define in closed condition of the cutting implement the largest interior width of the cutting implement. The hydraulic cylinders are situated at the outer side of the lower and upper parts. The linkage points for the hydraulic cylinders are provided in the angled sections. The fully retracted hydraulic cylinders are of a length substantially corresponding to the largest interior width.

Abstract: A draper header for a combine harvester includes two side drapers each running from an outer end guide roller at a first end of the header to an inner end guide roller adjacent the discharge location of the header and a central feed draper located at the discharge location and including a front guide roller just behind the cutter bar and running to a rear guide roller in front of the feeder house of the combine harvester. Each inner end guide roller is associated with a respective discharge roller immediately adjacent and parallel to it with a stripper blade in contact with the peripheral surface of the discharge roller so as to strip the crop from the peripheral surface along the full length of the roller. Each stripper blade is inclined downwardly and inwardly to a bottom edge closely adjacent the upper run of the feed draper.

Abstract: A harvester incorporating at least one force balanced shaker vibratory brush as the harvesting apparatus uses a sensing system connected to spring feelers to generate a signal responsive to the location, shape and position of a tree.

Abstract: A vibratory shaker for mounting on a crop harvester framework for removing crops from vines, bushes, and trees has a crop foliage engaging brush that is driven directly about a brush rotation axis by a brush driving motor. The crop foliage engaging brush and the brush driving motor are supported for rotation on the crop harvester framework. The power for driving the brush driving motor is controlled to provide oscillatory motion subject to operator controlled frequency, amplitude and oscillatory wave shape.

Abstract: The ergonomic rake includes an elongated handle having a first end and a second end. The handle further includes a flexible portion defined by a plurality of bends formed adjacent the second end for allowing the handle to flex when downward pressure is applied by a user of the rake. The ergonomic rake further includes a rake head having a web portion and a plurality of rake tines extending from the web portion. The rake head is connected to the second end of the handle. The rake head is preferably secured to the second end of the handle such that the rake head and handle remain connected when the rake is in use. The flexible portion of the handle may form between about 10% and 30% of the overall length of the handle.

Abstract: A flexible member is provided for use with a hand tool having a working implement and a handle. The flexible member includes an elongated member having a first end configured for attachment to the working implement and a second end configured for attachment to the handle. The elongated member defines a plurality of notches. The elongated member is made of a resiliently deformable material. The notches alternately face opposite directions along the length of the elongated member. The first end of the elongated member is configured for threaded or mechanical attachment to the working implement. The second end of the elongated member is configured for threaded or mechanical attachment to the handle.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a cotton/rayon blended yam. The apparatus includes a supply of cotton fibers and a supply of rayon fibers. A blending operation line blends the cotton fibers and the rayon fibers. The fibers are then spun in an open end spinning turbine having a twist multiple of less than about 3.7 at a rotor speed of less than about 112,000 RPM. A roughing navel downstream from the open and spinning turbine distressing the surface of the cotton/rayon blended yarn to further improve the hand of yarn. The yarn is then knitted or woven into fabric and finished. The resulting fabric, and apparel made therefrom, has the advantage of having a particularly soft and luxurious hand, particularly compared to fabric knit from 100% cotton yarn.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, at least some of which may be selectively deactivated to provide variable displacement operation, include managing temperature of at least one engine/vehicle component by monitoring the temperature of the component and controlling activation of at least one cylinder to control the temperature of the component. In one embodiment, the engine/vehicle component is an emission control device, such as a catalytic converter.

Abstract: An engine control unit performs homogeneous charge combustion with a rich air-fuel ratio when a NOx absorption material has absorbed a specified amount of NOx absorption so as to purge NOx and to reduce the NOx with HC and CO in an exhaust gas, thereby purifying the exhaust gas. During execution of the homogeneous charge combustion, a pressure of fuel with which a fuel injector sprays fuel is held at a pressure level for stratified charge combustion immediately before an alteration to the homogeneous charge combustion so as thereby to eliminate an occurrence of a time delay in changing the pressure of fuel upon resumption of the stratified charge combustion from the homogeneous charge combustion executed for NOx purge with an effect of preventing a fuel mixture from falling into the difficulty that the fuel mixture is hard to concentrate locally around a spark plug.

Abstract: A diagnosis system for an engine including an exhaust pipe, a hydrocarbon (HC) absorbent arranged within the exhaust pipe, an upstream air/fuel ratio sensor arranged upstream of the HC absorbent and detecting a wide range air/fuel ratio of an exhaust gas, a downstream air/fuel ratio sensor arranged downstream of the HC absorbent and detecting rich or lean with respect to stoichiometric air/fuel ratio of the exhaust gas, and a control unit, the control unit includes means for correcting an air/fuel ratio upstream of the HC absorbent, means for correcting an air/fuel ratio downstream of the HC absorbent, and means for predicting a HC absorbing amount of the HC absorbent, the means for correcting the air/fuel ratio upstream of the HC absorbent correcting and controlling an output value of the upstream air/fuel ratio sensor toward lean, the means for predicting the HC absorbing amount of the HC absorbent predicting an absorbing performance of the HC absorbent on the basis of a difference between an output value o

Abstract: When an increase in a temperature of an exhaust-gas purifying catalyst device in an in-cylinder injection type internal combustion engine is demanded, a temperature-increase control section in an electronic control unit accomplishes stratified combustion by causing each fuel injection valve to inject fuel directly into the associated combustion chamber in a compression stroke in such a way that the air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine is in a vicinity of a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. This allows the temperature of the exhaust-gas purifying catalyst device to be maintained or increased without increasing fuel consumption.

Abstract: An hydraulic power system having a reversible motor operating a pump to deliver liquid under pressure to operate an actuator mechanism, where the motor is submerged within the liquid inside a reservoir. Flow direction of the liquid is controlled by alternating the direction of rotation of the motor and pump.

Abstract: A brake master cylinder constructed to reduce the manufacturing cost and the size of the brake master cylinder includes first and second sealing members forming at least a part of first pressure chamber, and a third sealing member forming at least a part of a second pressure chamber. The first, second and third sealing members are engaged with the inner peripheral surface of a cylinder body and with the outer peripheral surface of respective first and second pistons. An annular member is positioned between the second and third sealing members. The annular member is supported by the cylinder body with a support member such as a pin or a ring.

Abstract: A device is disclosed to reduce vibrations in a hydraulic force transfer system which has a master cylinder and a slave cylinder connected with this via a fluid column. The device has a housing and a membrane attached by its edge to the housing. The housing and the membrane delimit a chamber which can be connected via a connection with the master cylinder and via a further connection with the slave cylinder so that the membrane can be hydraulically pressurized by the fluid column between the master cylinder and slave cylinder. According to the invention the membrane is pressed, at least in the rest state of the hydraulic force transfer system, by means of a spring element against the direction of the hydraulic pressure on the membrane against a chamber-side support surface. The result is a simply constructed device to reduce vibrations in a hydraulic force transfer system which can easily be adapted in respect of response behavior and volume increase to the requirements in each case.

Abstract: A method and a device for controlling a mechanical supercharger of a combustion engine, coupling a mechanical supercharger to the internal combustion engine during the starting phase, even before the appearance of the first fuel injections into the combustion engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system in which a process of condensing steam or vapor is used for cooling or heating an ambient environment. An increase in the effectiveness of the condensing process is achieved by adjusting the input of steam or vapor into the condenser.

Abstract: A fuel injector nozzle for dispensing fuel in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine, includes an elongated, multi-layered, convoluted nozzle feed strip having an internal passage for directing fuel through the length of the strip from the inlet end to an outlet end; and a cylindrical, multi-layered fuel dispensing nozzle unitary with the feed strip and fluidly connected to the outlet end of the feed strip for dispensing the fuel. The multi-layered feed strip and nozzle allows complex porting of fuel circuits through the injector. The internal fluid passages through the feed strip and nozzle are formed by etching.

Abstract: Methods for avoiding surge in a compressor are provided. A representative method includes detecting precursor information of the compressor and controlling the compressor based on the precursor information to avoid a surge condition in the compressor. The control scheme for the method uses a real time observer for on-line identification of magnitude and frequency of dominant precursor waves. The observer outputs feed into a fuzzy logic control scheme, and the identified frequency and amplitude of the precursors are used to actuate devices, such as a bleed valve and/or a fuel valve, for active control of compressor surge. Systems and other methods are provided.

Abstract: A gas turbine system that includes a compressor, a turbine component and a load, wherein fuel and compressor discharge bleed air are supplied to a combustor and gaseous products of combustion are introduced into the turbine component and subsequently exhausted to atmosphere. A compressor discharge bleed air circuit removes bleed air from the compressor and supplies one portion of the bleed air to the combustor and another portion of the compressor discharge bleed air to an exhaust stack of the turbine component in a single cycle system, or to a heat recovery steam generator in a combined cycle system. In both systems, the bleed air diverted from the combustor may be expanded in an air expander to reduce pressure upstream of the exhaust stack or heat recovery steam generator.

Abstract: A system and method for modular control of a multi-fuel turbogenerator include separate controllers for controlling fuel supplied to the combustor and power output from the generator. The power controller generates a fuel command based on the required turbine exhaust temperature, where the fuel command is independent of the particular fuel being used. Fuels may include natural gas, diesel, propane, waste gas, or gasoline, for example. The power controller communicates the fuel command and the airflow or calculated air/fuel ratio to the fuel controller which selects an appropriate mode of operation for the injectors. Injector operating modes include one or more pilot modes where fuel is not mixed with air prior to combustion, and one or more premix modes where fuel is highly mixed with air prior to combustion.

Abstract: A self-heating metal can (10) has an indented base (16) defining an external cavity (20) which is utilised to contain beating means. The heating means comprises quicklime (26) filled within a first chamber (28) and water within a second chamber (32) of the cavity (20). A breakable membrane (24) separates the two chambers (28, 32) and the second chamber (32) is closed by closure (30). Depression of a button (50) of the closure moves an elongate piercing member (42) to pierce the membrane (24) so that water from the chamber (32) flows over the quicklime (22) to cause the exothermic reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to refrigerating or air conditioning system comprising at least one exchanger (2, 3). The system uses a refrigerant fluid according to a thermodynamic cycle comprising at least one liquid-vapor expansion phase. According to the invention, the liquid-vapor expansion phase is created by means of a diphasic turbine (4b) that actuates a ventilator (5b), causing air to circulate on said exchanger (3).

Abstract: A highly reliable refrigeration cycle having a residual refrigerant, which is designed that the refrigerating machine oil does not stagnate in the refrigeration cycle after flowing out from the compressor even if the refrigerating machine oil is weakly soluble in a refrigerant. Thus, the compressor may be prevented from the exhaustion of oil. In addition to that, even if the accumulator is removed from the cycle, a large amount of wet vapor suction into the compressor may also be avoided. A control section is provided for controlling saturated oil solubility in a liquid refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle. The control section includes a receiver and first and second flow regulators which are placed before and after, respectively, the receiver. A residual liquid refrigerant obtaining in the circulation of a refrigerant is reserved in the receiver at a high temperature so that the weakly soluble refrigerating machine oil is prevented from separating.

Abstract: An apparatus to refrigerate the cargo space of delivery vehicles. It provides an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional mechanical a/c and refrigeration units. Cooling is provided by controlled evaporation of a liquefied gas such as CO2 or nitrogen. Defrost and heating requirements, if needed, are provided by hot engine coolant or by electric heaters powered from the vehicle electrical system. Airflow for the evaporator and for circulation in the temperature controlled space is provided by a blower which is mechanically or electrically driven from vehicle power. This invention can also be applied to multi-temperature control applications. The apparatus is compact and is particularly suited for small inner city delivery vehicles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for heat and humidity exchange between two air streams, one of which being hot and humid, wherein a first of said air streams is fed from the interior of a building to the ambient air and a second of said air streams is fed from said ambient air to the interior of said building, whereby said first air stream is cooled and thereafter transferred through a heat exchanger (21), whereupon it is transferred to a heater (22) and thereafter transferred through a dehumidifier (23) before being exhausted to the ambient air, whereas said second air stream is transferred through said dehumidifier (23) and thereafter through said heat exchanger (21), whereupon it is cooled in a cooling device before being transferred into the interior to said building. According to the invention said second air stream, before being fed to said dehumidifier, is caused to exchange heat and humidity with said first air stream before the latter is fed into said heat exchanger (21).

Abstract: A heat pump system for air conditioning adaptable to cold regions, comprising a compressor, a condenser, a thermal expansion valve and an evaporator and forms a closed circuit. The structure features that said compressor is a scroll compressor, and a supplementary inlet is provided on the inlet side of the compressor. A subcooler is provided between the condenser and the expansion valve, thus forming a closed circuit with an electromagnetic valve and an electronic expansion valve for supplementary refrigerant vapor to the supplementary inlet of the compressor. Compared to the prior art, the present invention is simple in structure, easy to manufacture and assemble, highly effective in energy utilization and low cost, and the system can operate in low temperature environment with stability and reliability. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for popularization and application in cold regions.

Abstract: A transport assembly for a cryogenic processor having an elongated housing forming a channel for the delivery of a frozen product from an intake end to a discharge end. The system includes a screw-type conveyor disposed within the elongated housing for movement of the frozen product from the intake end to the discharge end. An indirect drive motor assembly is provided and configured to rotate the screw-type conveyor. A nozzle assembly is provided for attachment to the transport assembly at the discharge end, the nozzle assembly being configured to inject wash and rinse solutions into the elongated housing. In addition, a drain line is disposed near the intake end of the elongated housing. The drain line facilitates a clean in place procedure.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, such as an evaporator, a condenser, or the like, for a refrigerator, such as a chill cabinet, a freezer cabinet or the like, includes at least one surface with which a thermal energy storage medium is in at least as far as possible heat-conducting contact, and bag-like reception containers to be connected to the evaporator.

Abstract: A mixture containing oxygen is introduced into a distillation column (1); an intermediate stream, substantially free from impurities heavier than oxygen, is withdrawn (at 17) at a level of the column located above the point (4) of introduction of the air, the point (22) of withdrawal being separated from this point (4) of introduction by a distillation section (6), particularly with packing; the stream withdrawn (at 17) is sent to an oxygen purification column (2), and a reflux liquid is distributed over said section (6) by means of a distributor (9).

Abstract: An apparatus, a system and a method are provided for a ring having a hinge and shaped to encompass a finger or other member of an individual as well as a system and method for using the apparatus. The apparatus may have two arc sections. Each arc section may have a cavity located at an end of the arc sections. One of the cavities may have a male portion. The apparatus may also have an ornament. The ornament may have a female portion sized to receive the male portion. The male portion and cavities may support the ornament when the ring is in a closed state. One arc section may be positioned towards a second arc section at the hinge.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for manufacturing glass optical elements by press molding a heated and softened glass material in preheated molds. In the process, the glass material is heated while it is floated by a gas blow and the heated and softened glass material is transferred to the preheated molds and then subjected to press molding. Alternatively, the process comprises: heating a glass material at a temperature at which the glass material has a viscosity of lower than 109 poises, preheating molds at a temperature at which the glass material has a viscosity of from 109 to 1012 poises, subjecting the heated and softened glass material to initial press in the preheated molds for 3 to 60 seconds, starting to cool the vicinity of molding surfaces of the molds at a rate of 20° C.

Abstract: An optical lens manufacturing method according to the present invention is characterized by including the first optical member preform forming step of forming a first optical member preform 40 formed of a first transparent material into a columnar shape and having a first optical acting portion 11 that forms a curved surface on a side surface thereof, the primary drawing step of drawing the first optical member preform formed by the first optical member preform forming step, and the first optical member forming step of slicing the first optical member preform drawn 40 in the primary drawing step, thus forming a first optical member 2 with a columnar shape. According to this optical lens manufacturing method, the shape of the optical lens, and particularly the shape of the first optical acting portion 11, can be determined at the stage of the preform before primary drawing. Thus, the preform can be machined with a sufficiently large size, and machining operations can be performed simply and accurately.

Abstract: Heat transfer fluid mixtures and methods of making and using same are presented. The inventive heat transfer fluid mixtures consist essentially of a light gas, such as helium, and at least one heavy fluid, such as argon, which may be adjusted between a first composition having a high heat transfer coefficient and high cost, and a second composition having a lower cost.

Abstract: While clamped by a clamping jig 100, polarization-maintaining fiber cables 11 and 12 are automatically oriented with an orientation adjusting unit 200 and then heated by a heater 105 for curing thermoset resins.

Abstract: Cooling systems and the methods of cooling filaments using the cooling systems are disclosed. One embodiment of the cooling system includes a layer of nozzles that spray air on the filaments above a pre-pad water spray. Alternatively, another cooling system utilizes air-atomizing nozzles to spray a mixture of air and water on the filaments.

Abstract: To improve the handling of a needle (1) having a selector element (16) that is seated to pivot on the needle body (2), a fastening element (32) is additionally provided. This element secures the selector element (16) to the needle body (2) in a form fit. One or more individual securing elements (34, 35, 36) acting in the transverse direction (33) serves or serve as the fastening element (32). The individual securing elements (34, 35, 36) can act in one direction or in both transverse directions. They are embodied to prevent the selector element (16) from falling out of the needle body (2) in both lateral directions. For this purpose, at least one individual securing element 34, 35, 36 that acts in the transverse directions 33a, 33b is provided. It is possible to combine all of the individual securing elements 34, 35, 36.

Abstract: A method for linking plain knitted fabrics includes the steps of fixing a first plain knitted fabric in a stretched state, obtaining an image including an image of a darning stitch of the first plain knitted fabric in the stretched state, calculating a location of the darning stitch of the first plain knitted fabric from the obtained image, holding a second plain knitted fabric in a stretched state, obtaining an image including an image of a darning stitch of the second plain knitted fabric in the stretched state, calculating a location of the darning stitch of the second plain knitted fabric from the obtained image, moving the first plain knitted fabric and the second plain knitted fabric relative to each other to align the darning stitch of the second plain knitted fabric with the darning stitch of the first plain knitted fabric, moving a sewing machine needle of a sewing machine mechanism to the location of the darning stitch of the first plain knitted fabric, and linking together the darning stitch of the

Abstract: A reciprocating washing machine comprising

Abstract: A luggage, baggage and package security device having a lock box and nylon, steel reinforced strap that is wrapped around a container, preferably through its handles, if any, and adjustably and securely drawn into the lock box and locked to prevent unwanted removal. The lock box comprises a rotatable spindle, handle, spindle ratchets, ratchet sprocket, spring-loaded pawl, spindle release button, lock, zipper tab security receptacle and buckle release button. The strap preferably comprises a durable, nylon woven, steel reinforced strap. The steel reinforcement is preferably braided. The strap is wrapped around a suitcase, package, travel bag or gym bag, drawn inward around the spindle by turning the spindle handle in the appropriate direction and locked therein to prevent the container from being opened without first unlocking the device.

Abstract: A suit hanger lock comprises a suit hanger and a lock securely mounted to the suit hanger. The lock includes a main body with a lock core therein, the main body further having a receptacle. A cable has a first end securely attached to the main body and a second end that is engaged in the receptacle of the main body when the lock is in a locked state and that is disengaged from the receptacle of the main body when the lock is in an unlocked state.

Abstract: An automobile lock includes a tubular body having on an upper portion a lock housing with a lock member, and a bottom base fixed on the bottom of the tubular body. The tubular body has an elongate slot extending to the bottom base, a telescopic rod fitted inside the tubular body and having a number of spiral engage grooves formed around, and a pull grip bending to a certain angle on top. Besides, the telescopic rod is provided with a toggle near its bottom, and a stop member bends to one side having a vertical stop plate fixed on an end. In handling, place the bottom base under a pedal brake, and then pull up the telescopic rod to permit its stop member to restrict and hold against the pedal brake tightly so as to acquire effectiveness of antitheft.

Abstract: The invention relate, to a method for the preparation of a protein hydrolyzate usable as a fertilizer, and to the fertilizer obtainable by the method.

Abstract: A concentrated fluid phosphorus fertilizer is shown. In the preferred embodiment, the concentrated fluid phosphorus fertilizer is an aqueous suspension fertilizer composition. The composition comprises one or more phosphorus-containing acids or salts thereof selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, polyphosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid and polyhypophosphorous acid, and salts thereof. A suspension agent maintains undissolved solids in substantially homogeneous suspension wherein the suspension has a total acid and salt content of about 50% w/w to about 80% w/w. The concentrated fluid phosphorus fertilizer is a stable suspension and when diluted with water a substantially fully soluble fertilizer having acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake is formed. Methods for improving the phosphorus uptake and improving the growth rate of plants is also shown.