Abstract: An Ag film as a light-reflecting film is formed on one surface of an a-C substrate of a scintillator panel. The entire surface of the Ag film is covered with an SiN film for protecting the Ag film. A scintillator having a columnar structure, which converts an incident radiation into visible light, is formed on the surface of the SiN film. The scintillator is covered with a polyparaxylylene film together with the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining geometrical-optical aberrations up to and including 3rd order in particle-optical, probe-forming systems, in particular scanning electron microscopes, comprising an essentially punctiform source, lenses, an object, and a detector, the image being recorded (6), the process being repeated with an overfocussed and an overfocussed beam, the images (6, 6a, 6b) being transformed in Fourier space, the transformation of the overfocussed image (7a) and the underfocussed image being divided (8) by that of the transformed focussed image (7), and the result being reverse transformed, and the brightness profiles of the probes (5, 5a), that is to say the images of the source (1) being determined in overfocus and underfocus, the asymmetry, the width and/or the curvature of the profile (9, 9a) being determined in the center, and the image aberration being determined from the differences.

Abstract: In a wafer chuck for flatly vacuum-chucking a semiconductor wafer (11) supported by support pins (15) such that a pressure in a suction chamber (13) surrounded by an external wall (12), the upper surface of the external wall (12) is formed to be lower than the upper surfaces of the support pins, and the upper surface of the external wall (12) does not pressure the semiconductor wafer (11), a distance (L1) between the external wall (12) and closest support pins (15a) is up to 1.8 mm, and an alignment pitch (L2) of the support pins (15) aligned inside the closest support pins (15a) to the external wall (12) is not more than 1.5 times of the distance (L1) between the external wall (12) and the closest support pins (15a).

Abstract: When a diagnosis is to be performed using a fluorescence diagnostic image obtained by use of an endoscope apparatus or the like, if obstructing regions containing an obstructing factor such as blood or waste is present on the target subject, the misrecognition thereof as a diseased tissue is prevented. White light and excitation light are projected onto a target subject to obtain respective standard and fluorescence images thereof. Because the color of the obstructing regions is different from that of either normal or diseased tissue, the color data of the standard image is computed, and the obstructing regions detected by determining whether or not the color data is outside a predetermined range. The fluorescence image is subjected to an exceptional display process of rendering the color of the obstructing regions a different color than that of the other regions, and the processed fluorescence diagnostic image is displayed on a monitor.

Abstract: An x-ray cassette having increased durability. The x-ray cassette comprises a shell and a storage phosphor assembly. The shell comprises an upper and lower panel, a first and second side member, and a front end member, with the first and second side members and front end member joining the upper and lower panels to define a cavity having an open end. The storage phosphor assembly comprises an insert plate having a first and second side, a back end member having two ends, and a first and second edge insert. The storage phosphor assembly is adapted to be removably contained within the shell such that the back end member closes off the open end of the shell. The first and second edge inserts are affixed to the first and second sides, respectively.

Abstract: An x-ray cassette having increased durability. The x-ray cassette comprises a shell and a storage phosphor assembly. The shell comprises an upper and lower panel, a first and second side member, and a front end member. The first and second side members and front end member join the upper and lower panels to define a cavity having an open end. The storage phosphor assembly comprises a back end member, an insert plate, and an edge insert. The storage phosphor assembly is adapted to be removably contained within the shell such that the back end member closes off the open end of the shell. A first side of the edge insert is affixed to the insert plate. A first end of the edge insert is disposed adjacent the back end member, and a second end of the edge insert comprises at least one recess on the first side.

Abstract: One example of a lithographic projection apparatus includes an image sensing device configured and arranged to measure a pattern in a patterned projection beam. The image sensing device includes a slab and a radiation-sensitive sensor that is sensitive to the radiation of the projection beam. The image sensing device also includes a film of a material that is non-transparent to the radiation of the projection beam. This film is provided over the sensor and includes one or more patterned segments to selectively pass radiation of the projection beam to the sensor. The apparatus also includes an intermediate plate made from a material having a thermal expansion coefficient below approximately 12×10−6K−1 and having a slab-bearing surface.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a particle beam processing apparatus that is smaller in size and operates at a higher efficiency, and also directed to an application of such apparatus to treat a coating on a substrate of a treatable material, such as for flexible packaging. The processing apparatus includes a particle beam generating assembly, a foil support assembly, and a processing assembly. In the particle beam generating assembly, electrons are generated and accelerated to pass through the foil support assembly. In the flexible packaging application, the substrate is fed to the processing apparatus operating at a low voltage, such as 110 kVolts or below, and is exposed to the accelerated electrons to treat the coating on the substrate.

Abstract: FIB equipment, which irradiates a sample placed on a stage with a focused ion beam (FIB) to perform etching or pattern formation at the irradiation position, comprises an alignment mark formation unit to form an alignment mark by irradiating a periphery of a processing position with the FIB; and a processing position detection unit to superpose an optical microscope image of the area of the processing position at which the alignment mark is formed, and a scanning ion microscope image (SIM image) acquired by FIB irradiation, based on the alignment mark image, and to detect the processing position according to the superposed images.

Abstract: A system for amplifying a scan of an ion beam is provided. Examples of the system include a magnetic scanner and a beam amplifier in combination. The magnetic scanner is configured to scan the ion beam in a single plane. The beam amplifier is configured to receive the ion beam from the magnetic scanner, amplify a divergence of the ion beam, and focus the ion beam in the single plane.

Abstract: An input parameter monitoring apparatus is disclosed wherein input parameters for ion implantation can be stored in a database during an ion implantation process, thereby allowing a user to monitor the operational history from a remote location. A method of monitoring input parameters created during an ion implantation process in a semiconductor fabricating device includes collecting log data generated by a plurality of ion implantation devices, listing the collected log data in a database in chronological order and updating the database substantially contemporaneously during said process. The log data can be processed to enable textual or graphical display. A LAN connects a local computer connected via input ports to plural ion-imp devices and a remote computer, thereby enabling remote computer monitoring of the operational process and possibly interaction.

Abstract: An ultraviolet light source which includes an ultraviolet light bulb or lamp, a power source for providing power to the ultraviolet light bulb, and a non-glass or non-quartz protective sleeve which surrounds the ultraviolet light bulb. The ultraviolet light bulb preferably includes a casing for holding a starting gas and a vaporizable material, and at least one electrode electrically coupled to the power source for exciting the starting gas and the vaporizable material within the casing. The casing is made of soft glass or quartz material, and the protective sleeve is a fluoropolymer sleeve which surrounds the soft glass or quartz casing. The fluoropolymer sleeve may comprise any suitable fluoropolymer material, such as Teflon® products like PTFE, FEP, PFA, AF, Tefzel® ETFE, and the like. In addition, some silicon based materials or other UV transmissive non-glass materials can be used for the protective sleeve.

Abstract: Interlocking, modular anti-microbial Radiation fixtures mount on a custom rack or bracket, which are used to irradiate an air stream and/or surfaces within an HVAC (heating, ventilating, air conditioning) system. The individual units are adapted for modular integration and slidable mounting on a rack, bracket or fixture which allows for ease of installation.

Abstract: A projection exposure method and apparatus, in which a substrate, which is placed on a stage that is movable in a direction of an optical axis of a projection optical system or in a direction perpendicular thereto, is moved in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the projection optical system in order to successively move and position a plurality of exposure areas on the substrate to respective predetermined exposure locations. Then, the amount of displacement of each of the exposure areas of the substrate surface from an optimal image forming location of the projection optical system is measured. The substrate surface, based on the measured values, is moved for alignment with the optimal image forming location. Thereafter, the substrate surface is exposed.

Abstract: Method and device for the passive alignment of optic fibers and components, using slots.

Abstract: A storage surface for a semiconductor substrate carrier has substrate carrier sensors that are integrated with locator pins. Each locator pin includes a pin body mounted on, and extending upwardly from, the surface. The pin body has a slot formed at an upper portion of the pin body. A paddle is mounted in the slot of the pin body and is adapted to be actuated in a downward direction when a substrate carrier is seated on the pin body. The pin body has an uppermost point, and when the paddle is unactuated, the paddle does not extend above the uppermost point of the pin body.

Abstract: A dimensional measurement apparatus comprises one photographic device with plural lighting devices. Properly disposed devices enable dimensional measurements of object features in two- and three-dimensional spaces. To achieve the measurements, proper device calibrations are required. After defining the disposition of device setups and their calibrations, the devices can be integrated with additional electronic hardware to obtain object feature data from the integrated devices. The obtained object feature information will be processed into three-dimensional world coordinates by utilizing the devices calibration data. Using the resultant data after processing, object feature inspections and volumetric representations could be realized. The apparatus provides dual line-scanning capability with opposite directional incident angle projections for the illuminations.

Abstract: This invention has as an object thereof to provide an overhead-traveling carrying apparatus which is capable of inexpensively incorporating countermeasures for detecting the presence of an obstacle such as a human being or a carelessly placed object during the lowering of an object to be carried onto the load port of a semiconductor manufacturing device prior to the contact of the obstacle with the object to be carried, thereby avoiding such contact. A structure is adopted in which obstacle detecting sensors which scan the raising and lowering path between a carriage and the load port of each semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, and which detect the presence of obstacles, are provided on the carriage with attached hoist.

Abstract: Light having polarization is irradiated onto an article, and a variation of polarization of the reflected light from the article, and then quality of the article is diagnosed using a pre-input correlation function between quality of the article and a variation of polarization.

Abstract: An apparatus for optically inspecting particles and/or defects correlates sizes of particles and/or defects to a cause of failure in an inspection result. A data processing circuit points out a cause of failure from the statistics on the inspection result, and displays information on the inspection result. A failure analysis is conducted by setting a threshold for identifying a failure in each of regions on a semiconductor device or the like to statistically evaluate detected particles.

Abstract: A plurality of the first L1 and second L2 image sensor elements are interleaved with one another. The first image sensor element L1 has a peak response at the first wavelength &lgr;1 for capturing an illuminated image of the glass and objects on the glass containing a first wavelength &lgr;1 from an infrared illuminator (12). The second image sensor element L2 has a peak response at a second wavelength &lgr;2 for capturing an ambient image of light rays at the second wavelength &lgr;2 passing through the glass (10) from the exterior to the interior surfaces simultaneously with the capture by the first image sensor element L1. Instead of storing two complete sequential images and differentially subtracting them, the present invention creates two simultaneous images from a specially interleaved, single imager (14). A processor includes a camera control and frame capture unit (20), an image detector (22), an image storage unit (24), and a differential comparator (26).

Abstract: A method for producing biochemical analysis data includes the steps of collecting light selectively released from a plurality of light releasable regions two-dimensionally formed to be spaced apart from each other in a sample placed on a sample stage by a plurality of light guide member each of which is disposed to face one of the plurality of light releasable regions, leading the thus collected light to a light detector and photoelectrically detecting the light by the light detector. According to this method, it is possible to produce biochemical analysis data having high quantitative characteristics by photoelectrically detecting light emitted from a plurality of light releasable regions even in the case where the plurality of light releasable regions labeled with a labeling substance are formed in a sample at a high density.

Abstract: A flush valve includes a body having an inlet and an outlet. There is a valve seat at the outlet and a piston assembly movable in the body toward and away from the valve seat to control flow from the inlet through the outlet. A pressure chamber is located in the body above the piston assembly and normally maintains the piston assembly closed upon the valve seat. The piston assembly includes a refill orifice connecting the pressure chamber with the body inlet. The piston assembly includes a vent passage connecting the pressure chamber with the outlet. There is a relief valve in the piston assembly controlling flow through the vent passage. There is a seal extending about the vent passage and a spring urges the relief valve toward the seal to close the vent passage.

Abstract: A safety device of a water faucet includes a safety bolt mounted on a water faucet to function as a secondary control of operation of the control handle and the control rod, thereby preventing the child from unintentionally touch and drive the control handle so as to protect the child, thereby greatly enhancing the safety of the water faucet.

Abstract: The invention provides a ball valve excelling in economy owing to the efforts devoted to the reduction of cost, enjoying light weight and high reliability, manifesting high and uniform accuracy, and enabling manufacture of compact finished products having a small interface dimension and provides a method for the production of the ball valve. The ball valve includes a body formed from a pipe having a predetermined length by subjecting opposite terminal parts of the pipe to a plastic processing including flaring and diametrical contraction, the body having at a central position a seat-producing part formed with a stem-inserting hole, a stem inserted into the stem-inserting hole, a ball disposed non-rotatably at a lower terminal of the stem, and a pair of inserting members of an annular shape forced into the body from opposite terminals of the body, opposite terminal faces of the body being compression-formed so that the pair of inserting members receive and support the ball rotatably.

Abstract: An undersea hydraulic coupling member is disclosed having recessed flow passages to facilitate connection to opposing coupling members having radial, angled or longitudinal flow passages. The recessed flow passages of the coupling member permit these connections without reduced hydraulic fluid flow.

Abstract: The present invention relates to automatic transmissions of land motor vehicles. Specifically, the present invention relates to pressure regulation in the system of automatic transmissions of land motor vehicles. The present invention is a pressure regulator valve that limits TV pressure. This valve is meant to replace the original equipment valve in the same casing the said original valve sat. The pressure regulator valve is slightly oversized and the kit has an o-ring equipped end plug to more positively seal the valve bore and prevent pressure loss, known in the industry as EPC/TV pressure. Furthermore, the valve has annular grooves added to prevent side loading by properly centering the valve in a bore. The pressure regulator valve comprises a steel ball and a spring combination with a gel like substance being added to prevent high wear and tear of the entire valve.

Abstract: The present invention relates to automatic transmissions of land motor vehicles. Specifically, the present invention relates to pressure regulation in the system of automatic transmissions of land motor vehicles. The present invention is a pressure regulator valve that limits TV pressure. This valve is meant to replace the original equipment valve in the same casing the said original valve sat. The pressure regulator valve is slightly oversized and the kit has an o-ring equipped end plug to more positively seal the valve bore and prevent pressure loss, known in the industry as EPC/TV pressure. Furthermore, the valve has annular grooves added to prevent side loading by properly centering the valve in a bore. The pressure regulator valve comprises a steel ball and a spring combination with a gel like substance being added to prevent high wear and tear of the entire valve.

Abstract: A fire fighting foam concentrate containing a foamable fire fighting agent, a water-soluble dye, and glycol ether. A fire fighting foam concentrate containing a fluorosurfactant-based fire fighting agent and a water-soluble dye. The concentrates are usually diluted with up to 100 times (v/v) water and aerated into a foam. In addition, a method for evaluating fire fighting foam concentrate concentrations in the fire fighting foam compositions created when the concentrates are diluted.

Abstract: Fluorochemical ester compositions comprising one or more compounds or oligomers having at least on fluorine-containing repeatable unit and at least one fluorine-containing terminal group are described. The compositions are useful as coatings or incorporated as melt additives. The fluorochemical compositions impart oil and water repellency to the substrate. In other aspects, this invention relates to processes for imparting oil and water repellency characteristics to substrates and articles.

Abstract: A lead-free piezoelectric ceramic material is provided having a high piezoelectric strain constant (d33) and exhibiting excellent heat resistance. The material is particularly suitable for producing knock sensor elements, i.e., sensor elements for sensing engine knock. The piezoelectric ceramic material contains three components, BNT (bismuth sodium titanate, (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3), BT (barium titanate, BaTiO3) and BKT (bismuth potassium titanate, (Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3), and preferably has a tetragonal perovskite-type crystal structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a refrigerant composition of four-constituent system, comprising: (a) a first constituent of difluoromethane, (b) a second constituent of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, (c) a third constituent selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 1,1-difluoroethane and (d) a for the constituent selected from the group consisting of isobutane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,-hexafluoropropane and butane, useful as a substitute for chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22).

Abstract: Disclosed are phosphate ester base fluids and aircraft hydraulic fluids containing mixed n-butyl/isobutyl phosphate ester components. The disclosed aircraft hydraulic fluids contain from about 30 to about 95 weight percent, based on the total weight of the fluid, of n-butyl diisobutyl phosphate or di-n-butyl isobutyl phosphate or a mixture thereof; from 0 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the fluid, of one or more triaryl phosphates; and an effective amount of a viscosity index improver, an acid control additive and an erosion inhibitor.

Abstract: The first chamber cleaning gas and the first silicon-containing film-etching gas of the present invention comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of FCOF, CF3OCOF and CF3OCF2OCOF, and O2 in the specific amount, and optionally other gases. The second chamber cleaning gas and the second silicon-containing film-etching gas comprise CF3COF, C3F7COF or CF2(COF)2 and O2 in specific amounts, and optionally may comprise other gases.

Abstract: Water dilutable amine curing agents for aqueous epoxy resin dispersions, comprising a combination of an epoxide-amine adduct with an emulsifier, the epoxide-amine adduct being obtainable by reacting a polyepoxide with a reaction product of an amine and an epoxide component or an amine and subsequent reaction with an epoxide component, the amount of amine being chosen such that the number of nitrogen-attached hydrogen atoms the number of epoxide groups by a factor of from 2 to 10, and the emulsifier being obtainable by reacting diepoxides or polyepoxides with compounds that are at least difunctional with respect to epoxides, optionally with compounds D that are monofunctional with respect to epoxides, and with amines G which contain at least one tertiary and at least one primary or at least two secondary amino group(s).

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid polymer additive composition comprising at least one phosphite ester selected from the group consisting of aryl phosphites, alkyl phosphites, aryl/alkyl phosphites, bisphenol-A phosphites, dialkylene glycol phosphites and polydialkylene glycol phosphites, pentaerythritol phosphites, p-cumyl phenol phosphites and blends thereof and approximately from 50 to 800 ppm inclusive of zinc per 100 parts resin. The stabilizer is used as either a complete or a partial replacement of toxic-metal containing antioxidant stabilizer additives.

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds of positive dielectric anisotropy, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of the general formula IA and/or IB 1

Abstract: Liquid crystal compositions having broad nematic phase range, low viscosity, low threshold voltage and large pre-tilt angle, while meeting the general properties required for AM-LCD. They comprise at least one of the compounds of the formulas (I-1) to (I-3), at least one of the compounds of the formulas (II-1) to (II-4), at least one of the compounds of the formulas (III-1) and (III-2), at least one of the compounds of the formulas (IV-1) to (IV-3), and optionally at least one of the compounds of the formulas (V-1) and (V-2).

Abstract: A liquid crystal polyester resin composition having an apparent melt viscosity of 10 to 100 Pa·sec at a shearing rate of 1000 sec−1 and a flow temperature of +40° C., obtained by compounding 10 to 100 parts by weight of an inorganic filler in the form of fiber and 10 to 100 parts by weight of an inorganic filler in the form of plate based on 100 parts by weight of a liquid crystal polyester resin, wherein the liquid crystal polyester resin contains at least 30 molt of a repeating structural unit of the following formula Al and has a flow temperature of 270° C. to 400° C., the inorganic filler in the form of fiber has an average fiber diameter of 0.

Abstract: A molding compound for use in encapsulating electronic packages which include an optoelectronic component, such as an LED, is provided. The molding compound of the present invention includes a partially cured epoxy composition having a phosphor material substantially uniformly distributed throughout the epoxy composition. The phosphor material may be suspended within the epoxy composition by pre-reacting a portion of the epoxy composition prior to B-staging of the molding compound. As such, the phosphor material is suspended within the epoxy composition, thereby preventing settling of the phosphor material during B-staging, as well as during curing of the molding compound in the encapsulation process.

Abstract: High solubility of pristine single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes using electron donors as solubilizers has been observed. The resulting carbon nanotube solution can be readily diluted with other organic solvents, such as acetone, toluene and methanol. SEM after solvent evaporation clearly shows that nanotubes are still present after being subjected to this procedure. Electronic absorption of these solutions is observed in both the UV and visible region. Strong light emission (=0.30) was observed at 561 nm for dilute solutions of aniline-dissolved carbon nanotubes diluted with acetone.

Abstract: An aqueous nickel slurry of the present invention comprises water, nickel fine powder provided thereon with an insoluble inorganic oxide adhered to the surface of the individual nickel fine particles constituting the fine powder, polyacrylic acid or an ester or salt thereof and at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxides substituted with organic substituents and hydroxyl group-containing amine compounds. The aqueous nickel slurry comprises nickel fine powder stably dispersed in the slurry in a high concentration without causing any re-agglomeration and can be used as a conductive paste for firing, in particular, a conductive paste for use in making a multilayer ceramic capacitor. The aqueous nickel slurry comprising nickel fine powder stably dispersed in the slurry in a high concentration without causing any re-agglomeration is prepared by the method of the present invention.

Abstract: A proton conducting polymer obtained by blending an organic phosphoric acid compound solution with a meta type polyaniline solution; a solid polymer electrolyte for a fuel cell comprising the proton conducting polymer, which is excellent in proton conductivity, methanol barrier property and dopant stability in an aqueous solution of methanol; and an electrode comprising the proton conducting and fine catalyst particles carried on porous particles.

Abstract: A hollow housing of a screw-type jack is integrally formed by a press. A ram is mounted in the center portion inside this housing in an axial direction to be extendable/contractible in a vertical direction. A drive mechanism mounted in the housing, for extending/contracting this ram in the vertical direction, and in which the housing includes a cylindrical shaft portion protrudingly disposed on a lower part of a side surface of the housing. A drive gear is pivotally and rotatably supported in the cylindrical shaft portion. The housing is made up of a plurality of housing pieces which are vertically divided portions of the housing. The housing pieces are mechanically joined to each other to form the housing. The housing pieces are divided in a vertical direction cutting though the axis of the cylindrical shaft portion. Joining of the housing pieces can use rivets or joining pieces can be swaged over protruding flanges.

Abstract: The invention relates to a jack comprising a stand body, which rests on the ground (4) and which consists of a stand column (1) and foot (2), and comprising a supporting arm (5), which is fastened to the stand column (1) in a manner that permits it to move around a fixed horizontal pivotal axis, and which is directly or indirectly raised or lowered in relation to the ground (4) by means of a movement spindle (7). The free end (6) of the supporting arm is provided with a fixed or pivotal supporting part, and the end that engages inside the stand column (1) comprises a denticulation, which engages inside a counter denticulation of a control slide (10) and which displaces the control slide (10) parallel to the longitudinal extension of the stand column (1). The aim of the invention is to simplify the control slide (10) and to make the production thereof more economical.

Abstract: A fishtape is adapted for being fed through an internal passageway of a structure. The fishtape includes an elongated, flexible rod with a plurality of circumferentially-spaced, longitudinal ribs. The ribs are adapted to promote the fishability of the fishtape through the internal passageway of the structure.

Abstract: A hoisting apparatus comprising a frame (2), a rope drum (3) provided with a groove (12), a hoisting motor (4), a gear (5) and a pinion (6). The hoisting motor (4) is at least partly positioned inside the rope drum (3) supported against the frame (2) by its both ends. The hoisting motor (4) and the gear (5) are supported against the frame (2) only by one end of the rope drum (3), by which end the hoisting motor (4) and the gear (5) are arranged to rotate the rope drum (3) via the pinion (6). The pinion (6) is positioned between a cylinder, which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rope drum (3) and defined by the housing (15) of the hoisting motor (4), and the rope drum (3).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a braking device for a motive winch, mainly having a sectional axle, an elastic member, two engraved chunks, and a clutch base in a retardation compartment of the motive winch; wherein said first engraved chunk is coupled to the sectional axle, having a braking plate being contacted with the frictional surface in the retardation compartment; the elastic member has an appropriate whirling force with respect to the first engraved chuck such that the braking plate of the first engraved chuck tends to press against the frictional surface of the retardation compartment; the second engraved trunk is coupled to the sectional axle and rotates synchronously, such that the first and second engraved chucks are capable of being attached to each other to push the brake plate of the first engraved trunk to generate the braking action on an inclined surface and the clutch base brings a protruded member to rotate, and the protruded members on the two engraved chunks is pushed by the protruded

Abstract: An erosion fence installation attachment for ditchers and trenchers that is short in length and articulated to pivot in pitch and yaw so as to permit the attachment to follow a ditcher through gullies over mounds, and around arcs. The attachment is provided with a barrier material roll unwind, a resilient guide that guides the barrier material into a ditch formed by the ditcher so that the barrier materialP is pressed against the sides and bottom of the ditch to form an open channel, a first ditch fill disk that pushes fill material into the ditch and into the the channel formed in the barrier material, a second ditch fill disk that pushes fill material from the opposite side of the ditch and onto and over the barrier material on that side of the ditch to form a wrap around the fill material deposited by the first fill disk so as to form an elongate anchoring pouch filled with fill material along the bottom of the ditch.

Abstract: A method of producing a structure having narrow pores includes a first step of bringing pore-guiding members into contact with upper and lower surfaces of a member comprising aluminum as a principal ingredient and a second step of anodizing the member comprising aluminum as the principal ingredient to form narrow pores. The pore-guiding members contain the same material as a principal ingredient. The second step includes preferably a step of transforming the member comprising aluminum as the principal ingredient into a porous body comprising alumina having narrow pores oriented substantially parallel to the interfaces between the pore-guiding members and the member comprising aluminum as the principal ingredient.