Abstract: A tilted polarization splitter (13) for use with a projection lens (15) and a light modulating panel (11) is provided. The polarization splitter has an ultra thin substrate (14) whose thickness is chosen so that the depth of focus of the projection lens in imager space is greater than the astigmatism produced by the splitter at its tilted angle. The polarization splitter can be a wire grid polarizer, polarization coating, or birefringence film carried by or formed on the ultra thin, plane parallel plate substrate.

Abstract: A TFT and a passivation film are formed on a transparent substrate and thereafter the passivation film is annealed. When measuring drain currents of a TFT at a fixed turn-on voltage (Von) and a fixed turn-off voltage (Voff), although performance of a TFT annealed (solid line) rarely changes, performance of a TFT not annealed (dashed line) changes to a large extent, in more detail, drain current drastically decreases in accordance with the change of TFT performance. This phenomenon means that on-resistance of a TFT not annealed is being increased to a great extent.

Abstract: An array substrate of a liquid crystal display device, wherein picture quality is improved without decreasing aperture ratio by providing a storage capacitor of a large capacity. The array substrate of a liquid crystal display device includes a gate line formed on an array substrate and a gate electrode diverged from the gate line. A common line composed of substantially the same material as the gate line of an opaque metal is arranged parallel to the gate line. A first electrode of a storage capacitor composed of a transparent conductive material is formed on the common line. A gate insulating film covers the gate line, the gate electrode, and the first electrode of a storage capacitor. A semiconductor layer is formed to overlap the gate electrode on the gate insulating film. A source electrode and a drain electrode are arranged with a constant interval on the semiconductor layer. A data line is connected to the source electrode and is arranged perpendicularly to the gate line.

Abstract: An array substrate of a liquid crystal display being capable of increasing the electrostatic capacitance of a storage capacitor without decreasing the aperture ratio of the LCD. In the array substrate, the gate line is formed a disposed material of a first and a second metal layer. The first metal layer of the gate line is extended on the pixel area.

Abstract: There is disclosed a liquid crystal display (LCD) device that prevents degeneration of a displaying performance due to heat generated in the LCD. A heat shielding thin film of an aluminum-contained material, which is disposed in a receiving container, shields the heat additionally generated during a converting process of power for driving a lamp in an inverter module, thereby minimizing the heat to be transferred to a reflector panel. Therefore, the heat generated during a process of producing light is efficiently blocked and discharged, thereby minimizing the degeneration of displaying characteristic.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate (1) and a second substrate (2) disposed in parallel to each other, a liquid crystal layer (3) disposed between the two substrates (1, 2) and filled with liquid crystal, and an ink retaining layer (7) disposed on a surface (1b) of the first substrate (1) facing the second substrate (2). A surface of the ink retaining layer (7) is provided with plural filter strips (7R, 7G, 7B) each retaining a respective color ink, and each of the filter strips (7R, 7G, 7B) includes plural columns and plural rows of generally circular dots (24) arranged in a strip or rectangle, each of them being provided by a color ink droplet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a color filter. The method utilizes the dry film technology, photomasks, exposure and development process to form the black frame, the red pixel array and the green pixel array on the substrate. Finally, the blue pixel array is formed on the substrate by utilizing a back mask, exposure from a backside of the substrate and development process. Therefore, the red pixel array and the green pixel array on the substrate can cut the UV exposure from backside. In the exposure process, only the blue pixel array in a recess area exposes under the UV light. After the development process, the blue pixel array is formed on the substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device, including: a first substrate; a second substrate; opposing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a reflection film formed on one side of the second substrate that is closer to the liquid crystal layer; and a color filter formed on the reflection film, wherein: a plurality of pixel regions are arranged in a matrix pattern, each of the pixel regions including a reflection region where light coming from the first substrate side is reflected by the reflection film back to the first substrate side, and a transmission region where light coming from the second substrate side is transmitted to the first substrate side; and the color filter includes an opening in the reflection region.

Abstract: In a reflector 101 having a concave/convex shape in a surface thereof, at least part of concave portions 4 of the concave/convex shape are arranged according to a predetermined rule and the concave/convex shape of an arbitrary straight-line cross section is irregular.

Abstract: An array panel for a transflective liquid crystal display device includes a substrate; a thin film transistor on the substrate; a first passivation layer covering the thin film transistor and having a first transmissive hole and an inclined portion surrounding the first transmissive hole; a transparent electrode on the first passivation layer, the transparent electrode contacting the thin film transistor; and a reflector over the transparent electrode, the reflector completely covering the inclined portion and having a second transmissive hole corresponding to the first transmissive hole.

Abstract: A reflector has protuberances and recesses in each pixel region. The distances between the respective peaks of each two adjacent protuberances in the pixel region are distributed in the range from 5 &mgr;m to 15 &mgr;m. The incidence of peak distances within the range of ±0.5 &mgr;m from the most frequent peak distance ranges from 40% to 80%, and the area of regular reflection surfaces of the reflector tilted at angles of 4.5° or less to the principal surface of a substrate in the pixel region accounts for 35% or less of the area of the pixel region.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling a pretilt angle direction for a liquid crystal cell comprising the steps of first setting the magnitude of pretilt angle and a plurality of pretilt angle directions in an alignment layer. This first step is achieved by irradiating linearly the alignment layer with polarized or unpolarized UV light. One of the plurality of pretilt angle directions is then selected by exposing the alignment layer to UV light a second time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optical devices. In one embodiment, a display apparatus includes a display medium, a transparent substrate, a non-transparent substrate. The display medium is disposed between the first and second substrates and an adhesive coupling material couples the substrates together. The adhesive material is disposed proximate to a channel, which is in at least one of the substrates.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid crystal display device (1) having a first and a second substrate (2, 3), being manufactured in a flexible material. A liquid crystal material is disposed between the substrates (2,3). Together, the substrates form an array of cell enclosures (8), each containing an amount of liquid crystal (6). Further, each of said cell enclosures (8) is separated from the adjacent enclosures by intermediate flexible parts (7).

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a flat display element, an electrode pattern is formed on each of a pair of substrates, and a product seal surrounding the electrode pattern and an outside seal having an air vent and surrounding the outside of the product seal are formed on one of the substrates. A gap retaining member for maintaining a gap between the substrates in the region of the air vent is formed outside the product seal and near the air vent. The paired substrates are pressurized after they are stuck together with the product seal and the outside seal between them. Thereafter, the air vent is sealed with a sealing agent, and the outer surface of at least one of the substrates is polished.

Abstract: Eyeglasses with lenses rapidly changeable includes a frame pivoted with two temples at both sides, and two lenses fitted in its lower portion. The frame formed as a rectangular body includes two nosepieces in its central portion and each having a supporting edge; two grooves at its left and right sides for fitting the lenses; a through recess and a through hole at both sides of each of the grooves; and a stop edge and a stop rod below the through recess and through hole. Each of the lenses has two engagement portions formed outwardly and at both ends of the lens for being fitted into both ends of the groove, two notches below the engagement portions for being engaged with the stop edge and the stop rod, and a central edge rested against the supporting edge of the nosepiece, by which the eyeglasses with lenses rapidly changeable is structured.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a visual field tester that includes: (a) a projection screen; (b) a stimulus projection system that projects a light stimulus onto a first side of the projection screen; (c) a background projection system that projects a background light onto the first side of the projection screen; and (d) a lens system disposed on a second side of the projection screen that directs light transmitted through the projection screen to a predetermined location.

Abstract: A method for coloring contact lenses comprises storing a generally annular-shaped initial iris image in a computer. The initial iris image comprises a plurality of color elements. The method further comprises applying a filtering process to the initial iris image in a manner to replace at least portions of at least some of the color elements with generally uncolored regions to form a filtered iris image, and using a printer apparatus, in communication with the computer, in a manner to print the filtered iris image on a contact lens substrate.

Abstract: A method of configuring and ordering a customized contact lens for a user. The method includes the steps of displaying a template eye image to assist the user in visualizing selected options for a customized contact lens, and displaying a plurality of contact lens selection options to the user. The information includes a plurality of selectable lens colors and lens design patterns. The method also includes the steps of sending an ordering request to order a contact lens incorporating lens colors and lens design patterns selected by the user, receiving the ordering request, and manufacturing a contact lens incorporating the lens colors and lens design patterns selected by the user.

Abstract: A modular fundus camera including an adaptive optical module that detachably interfaces to a fundus camera body and image capture subsystem. The fundus camera body directs light produced from a first light source into the human eye and that collects and collimates retinal reflections. The adaptive optical module includes a wavefront sensor, controller and phase-compensating optical element. The wavefront sensor measures phase aberrations in the retinal reflections and operates in a closed-loop fashion with the controller to control the phase-compensating optical element to compensate for such phase aberrations to produce phase-compensated retinal reflections for output to the image capture subsystem.

Abstract: An improved ophthalmic imaging instrument including a wavefront sensor-based adaptive optical subsystem that measures phase aberrations in reflections derived from light produced by an imaging light source and compensates for such phase aberrations when capturing images of reflections derived from light produced by the same imaging light source. The high-resolution image data captured by the improved ophthalmic imaging instrument can be used to assist in detection and diagnosis (such as color imaging, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography) of abnormalities and disease in the human eye and treatment (including pre-surgery preparation and computer-assisted eye surgery such as laser refractive surgery) of abnormalities and disease in the human eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmological apparatus includes an illuminator for illuminating an eye to be examined; an image pickup device for obtaining the image of the illuminated examined eye; a signal converter for converting a signal from the image pickup device into digital data; and a controller for controlling a system, which controller limits a predetermined operation of other than the image pickup device and the signal converter while the signal converter is performing a conversion operation. The ophthalmological apparatus can take a high-quality photographic image by preventing the occurrence of noise or by reducing noise.

Abstract: An improved ophthalmic instrument including an integral wavefront sensor and display device, wherein the wavefront sensor measures phase aberrations in reflections directed thereto to characterize aberrations of the eye and is operably coupled to the display device, which displays a graphical representation of the aberrations of the eye. Such graphical representation may include: two dimensional contour maps that graphically depict contribution of pre-specified terms (such as spherical aberration, astigmatism and coma) for the aberrations of the eye, coefficients corresponding to such pre-specified terms that characterize the aberrations of the eye, or predefined two-dimensional icons that provide a general graphical depiction of such prespecified terms.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a visual field tester that includes: (a) a projection screen; (b) a stimulus projection system that projects a light source onto a first side of the projection screen; (c) a background projection system that projects a background light onto the first side of the projection screen; and (d) a magnifier lens system disposed on a second side of the projection screen that directs light transmitted through the projection screen to a predetermined location.

Abstract: Angle of incidence of reproducing light with respect to a hologram or a holographic stereogram is adjusted so that a reproduced image can be repetitively viewed without requiring the viewer to move his or her viewpoint. The components of the image reproducing apparatus can be roughly classified into a power supply unit equipped with a power supply for generating a driving power and various types of electric circuits, a light source unit equipped with light emitting diodes and the like, a supporting unit for supporting the light source unit, and a holographic stereogram display unit for holding the holographic stereogram and displaying an image. In this image reproducing apparatus, the light source unit is swingably or turnably moved repetitively with respect to the holographic stereogram so that the reproducing light has angle of incidence changed on the holographic stereogram, thus allowing change of viewed image.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a device for optical polarisation recuperation for producing a substantially polarised light beam from an unpolarised light beam comprising first and second polarisations.

Abstract: A projector lens that projects a 13 inch television or a 15 inch computer monitor to a 60 inch or 80 inch screen it is projected from an enclosed box that at the end of the enclosed box there is a open center square from which the projector len projects from please note from the weak lumens the television and monitor must be set at its highest brightness level and adjusted colors.

Abstract: A projector device is provided which is capable of reducing its costs by making it possible to increase luminance of outgoing light from a rod integrator with an output from a light source being remained unchanged and by making it possible to achieve a compact illuminating optical system using a shortened total length of the rod integrator. Notches each having a predetermined angle or a convex portion is formed in a vicinity of a light incident face and in a vicinity of a light outgoing face of a rod integrator. A sloped line produced at an angle formed by one portion of each of the notches on the light incident side relative to a center line is approximately parallel to a light incident line produced at an angle formed by incident light relative to the center line.

Abstract: Disclosed is a projector apparatus including a color separation optical system which separates illumination light into a plurality of color light components, a plurality of image forming panels illuminated with the plurality of color light components, respectively, a color synthesis optical system which synthesizes the light components from the plurality of image forming panels illuminated, a projecting optical system which projects light from the color synthesis optical system, and transparent substrates each arranged on at least one of incident and exit surface sides of the plurality of image forming panels, each of the transparent substrates holding a polarizer, wherein a surface area of at least one of the plurality of transparent substrates is larger than those of the remaining transparent substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display system comprising a light source (20) producing a beam of unpolarized light. A dynamic filter (28) is provided for filtering said beam of light, wherein a first region of said filter (28) transmits a first portion of the beam of light which has a first polarization direction, said light with the first polarization direction travelling along a first path, and reflects a second portion of the beam of light which has a second polarization direction, said second portion of the beam of light travelling along a second path. The display system also provides a spatial light modulator (36) (e.g. an LCD or LCOS panel) on said first path for receiving light travelling along said first path and selectively modulating said light travelling along said first path to form an image light beam. Means for obtaining a halve-wavelength retardation (60) of the second portion of the beam of light are also provided.

Abstract: An interactive projection system for displaying an image on a planar surface includes a base, a projector, a convex mirror, and at least one support. The base is disposed on the planer surface. The projector is housed in the base. The projector has an image projecting portion that projects an image along a projection path away from the projector. The at least one support is connected to the base and supports the convex mirror at a position along the projection path so as to face the image projecting portion of the projector and the planar surface.

Abstract: Pure water (3) with a resistivity of 1 M&OHgr;·cm or more is externally supplied in an exposure apparatus in which a master and substrate are relatively moved and aligned by a stage driven by a linear motor (1) and a pattern on the master is transferred onto the substrate. While being adjusted to a predetermined temperature, the pure water (3) undergoes deoxidation processing and UV sterilization processing and is circulated to cool the linear motor (1).

Abstract: In a scanning exposure apparatus for performing exposure even when movable stages (31, 35) are being accelerated/decelerated, use is made of an illumination-distribution varying unit including a rotatable wedge prism (21) serving as an optical member for temporally varying the illumination distribution, and a prism driver (101) for driving the prism (21). The illumination-distribution varying unit has a function for varying the temporal change of the illumination distribution in conformity with a pattern for driving the movable stages (31, 35). An illumination distribution that conforms to an acceleration/deceleration pattern of the stages (31, 35) is measured and a pattern for driving the wedge prism (21) is decided based upon the result of measurement.

Abstract: A projection optical system that projects an image on a first side onto a second plane through a plurality of lenses includes the following elements in order from the first side to the second plane: a first lens group that has a negative refractive power, a second lens group that has a positive refractive power, a third lens group that has a negative refractive power, a fourth lens group that has an aperture stop in the optical path, and a fifth lens group that has a positive refractive power. A clear aperture of a lens surface or an outer diameter of a lens in the projection optical system has a relative maximum in the second lens group, a relative minimum in the third lens group, and a relative maximum in the third-fifth lens groups, and has only one significant minimum between the first side and the second plane.

Abstract: There is provided an aligner that improves contact between a glass mask and an object to be exposed. In one preferred mode, a pressure glass 3 is set at a rear side of a glass mask 1 to form a closed space 4. A pressurized air is introduced from a pressure source 5 into the closed space 4 to raise the pressure of the closed space 4 and expand the glass mask 1 toward the object to be exposed, i.e., a board 50, by which the closeness of the contact between the glass mask 1 and the board 50 improves.

Abstract: An X-Y stage includes a coarse movement stage provided to a surface plate to move an intermediate plate, and a fine movement stage provided on the intermediate plate to finely move a top plate. The coarse movement stage has an X driving linear motor and Y driving linear motor for respectively moving X and Y sliders with respect to a base surface plate. The fine movement stage has a fine driving linear motor that connects the intermediate plate and a fine movement table. The fine movement table has an electromagnetic coupling provided between the intermediate plate and the top plate to apply an accelerating force to the top plate in accordance with acceleration and deceleration of the X driving linear motor and Y driving linear motor of the coarse movement stage. The electromagnetic coupling applies an acceleration to the top plate during an acceleration or deceleration period when the X slider or Y slider moves.

Abstract: An apparatus to reduce the transmission noise interference of a scannerhas a charge coupled device, a shield circuit and a charge coupled device cable. Image analog signals are output from the charge coupled device. The shield circuit is coupled to the charge coupled device to filter the unwanted analog signal output from the charge coupled device, and to reserve the required analog signal. The charge coupled device is coupled to the shield circuit to transmit the required analog signal.

Abstract: A light source produces laser beams that are subjected to frequency modulation whose frequency can be adequately set or varied. A light modulator modulates laser beams with respect to the center wavelength, so that the lower sideband is used as probe light input into one end of the measured optical fiber. A pulse modulator produces laser pulses based on laser beams as pump light, which is input into the other end of the measured optical fiber, along which correlation peaks emerge at different positions. The output light is extracted from the other end of the measured optical fiber and is supplied to a timing adjuster, which adjusts a transmission timing to allow transmission of light proximate to a measuring point in the measured optical fiber therethrough. Thus, it is possible to reliably measure characteristics of the measured optical fiber entirely over the relatively long distance with high spatial resolutions.

Abstract: A process of measuring the radiant intensity profile of an effective source of a projection image system that has an effective source, an object plane, an imaging objective, an exit pupil, and an image plane. The improved process consists of selecting at least one field point and a corresponding aperture plane aperture and projecting a plurality of images of the selected field point through the corresponding selected aperture plane aperture at a plurality of various intensities of the effective source. By analyzing the recorded images of the effective source at various intensities it is possible to determine a radiant intensity profile of the image source at the selected field point.

Abstract: A power monitor for a light emitter uses an absorptive material placed in the path of the application beam. The absorptive has a measurable characteristics thereof altered by an intensity of the light beam, the absorptive material being thin enough to allow a portion of the light beam sufficient for a desired application to be passed to the desired application. Preferably, an anti-reflective coating is placed between the absorptive material and the light emitting device. The absorptive material may be formed directly on the light emitting device or may be formed on or integrated with a spacer.

Abstract: A laser microscope includes a laser light emitting system which emits a pump beam and a Stokes beam having different frequencies, and a common optical fiber having one end and the other end. The pump beam and the Stokes beam emitted from the laser light emitting system are incident on the one end thereof and emitted from the other end thereof. A beam irradiating mechanism condenses and irradiates the pump beam and the Stokes beam emitted from the other end of the optical fiber, onto a sample via the objective lens, thereby making an anti-Stokes beam be emitted from the sample. A photo detector detects the anti-Stokes beam emitted from the sample. A beam selecting mechanism allows only the anti-Stokes beam of the pump beam, the Stokes beam and the anti-Stokes beam to be received on the photo detector.

Abstract: An analyzer suitable for performing continuous gas analysis in ultra-high purity applications. The analyzer combines a low-level emission source and a gaseous emission spectrometer having a charge coupled device (CCD) diode array as a detector. The CCD detector replaces one or more photomultipliers and narrow bandpass filters typically used in spectrometers. The analyzer performs various processing operations to evaluate and eliminate the effect of background light level, or dark spectrum.

Abstract: An illumination subsystem for use in optical analysis which provides spatially and angularly homogenized radiation to the sample being analyzed. The system eliminates the illumination system as an interferent in the overall optical analysis. Thus, modest translations or rotations of the illumination source or changing the illumination source does not require recalibration of the instrument or prior modeling of illumination variability due to such changes. Illumination stability is achieved by incorporating a light pipe which both angularly and spatially homogenizes the light. Further, a series of filters and/or lenses are incorporated to provide bandpass filtering which eliminates unwanted wavelengths or bands of wavelengths from contacting the tissue and allows for a higher signal-to-noise ratio when the sample is tissue, while preventing thermal damage.

Abstract: An optical channel monitor is provided that sequentially or selectively filters an optical channel(s) 11 of light from a (WDM) optical input signal 12 and senses predetermined parameters of the each filtered optical signal (e.g., channel power, channel presence, signal-noise-ratio). The OCM 10 is a free-space optical device that includes a collimator assembly 15, a diffraction grating 20 and a mirror 22. A launch pigtail emits into free space the input signal through the collimator assembly 15 and onto the diffraction grating 20, which separates spatially each of the optical channels 11 of the collimated light, and reflects the separated channels of light onto the mirror 22. A &lgr;/4 plate 26 is disposed between the mirror 22 and the diffraction grating 20. The mirror reflects the separated light back through the &lgr;/4 plate 26 to the diffraction grating 20, which reflects the channels of light back through the collimating lens 18.

Abstract: A spectroscope having a high spectroscopic characteristic capable of eliminating a polarization dependence on an arbitrary polarization state of an incident light, and measuring a spectrum having a true central wavelength of the light. The spectroscope comprises: a depolarizer comprising: a first plate a thickness of which continuously changes in a direction of 45 degrees with a first optical axis; and a second plate a thickness of which continuously changes, and which is stuck on the first plate; wherein an angle between the first optical axis and a second optical axis of the second plate, is 45 degrees, and a first reduction direction of the thickness of the first plate and a second reduction direction of the thickness of the second plate is opposite to each other; and a spectroscopic device a dispersion direction of which intersects orthogonally with the first reduction direction.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for measuring component concentration in a liquid containing relatively large particles and relatively small particles. The invention may be utilized for measuring fat and casein concentrations in a dairy product, but is not limited to such use. A polarized light beam is directed through a scattering cell having first and second windows and containing a sample of the liquid. A normal to an exterior surface of the second window of the scattering cell is at or near Brewster's angle with respect to the light beam to reduce or eliminate reflections. A first light detector, positioned at an angle of about 5° to about 45° with respect to the light beam, detects scattered light from a first component of the liquid, such as fat particles. A second light detector, positioned at an angle of about 130° to about 160° with respect to the light beam, detects scattered light from a second component of the liquid, such as casein particles.

Abstract: Source light of unknown polarization is input into a polarization controller. The polarization controller transforms the polarization of the source light to a plurality of different polarizations. The transformed source light output by the polarization controller is input to a fixed polarizer, which passes a maximal transmitted intensity of the transformed source light at a given transformation perpendicular to an axis of propagation of the source light. The polarizer passes a minimal transmitted intensity of the transformed source light at a transformation orthogonal to the transformation at which the maximal transmitted intensity is passed. The discriminated transformed source light output by the fixed polarizer is input to a light-wave power meter, which measures the intensity thereof. The maximal and minimal measured transmitted intensities of the discriminated transformed source light can be used to determine the DOP of the source light.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for screening diverse arrays of materials are provided. In particular, techniques for rapidly characterizing compounds in arrays of materials in order to discover and/or optimize new materials with specific desired properties are provided. The substrate can be screened for materials having useful properties, and/or the resulting materials can be ranked, or otherwise compared, for relative performance with respect to useful properties or other characterizations. In particular, systems and methods are provided for screening a library of magnetic materials for their bulk magnetization, saturation magnetization, and coercivity by imaging their individual optical Kerr rotation, screening a library of dielectric materials for their dielectric coefficients by imaging their individual electro-optical rotation and screening a library of luminescent materials by imaging their individual luminescent properties under a variety of excitation conditions.

Abstract: A system for detecting the state of alignment between a reticle and a wafer of a semiconductor exposure apparatus includes a light source, a beam transfer unit, a projection lens, an alignment detector, a controller, and an alarm device. The alignment detector includes a diaphragm, and a photodiode sensor mounted on the incident side of the diaphragm. The photodiode sensor will generate a current when impinged by secondary or higher order beams, i.e. beams other than a +/−primary beam or a titled +/−primary beam. The controller receives current from the photodiode sensor and operates the alarm when the current exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: A low cost yet higher speed color spectrophotometer, especially suitable for on-line color printer color control systems, wherein multiple test patches of different colors may be simultaneously illuminated and substantially simultaneously discretely color analyzed. Reduced numbers of test print sheets, with multiple sets of multiple small adjacent different color test patches, may be used. Reflected images of the multiple different color test patches may be simultaneously focused on different areas of a photodetector chip to expose differently color responsive sets of multiple photo-sites to provide plural discrete color signals for each different color test patch image.