Abstract: A multi-axial thermal isolator device for isolating structures formed of differing materials. The device is rigidly attached to both structures and is capable of movement as the result of relative thermal expansion of the structures. The device has a substantially C or Z-shaped configuration with a curved portion forming an angle &thgr; in the range of about 0-10 degrees. The device provides a means for thermal decay between adjacent structures when the parts are subjected to large changes in temperature.

Abstract: A number of compact, high-efficiency thermoelectric system utilizing the advantages of thermal isolation in the direction of a working medium flow or movement, in manufacturable systems, are described. Such configurations exhibit high system efficiency and power density. Several different embodiments and applications are disclosed utilizing a plurality of thermoelectric modules or thermoelectric elements sandwiched between heat exchangers.

Abstract: A substrate cooling unit comprises a cooling plate on which the substrate is placed, a cooling temperature adjusting element which adjusts the cooling plate to a predetermined temperature, a temperature controller which controls a temperature of the cooling temperature adjusting element according to a transfer function, a temperature sensor attached to the cooling plate, and a control parameter changing section which changes at least any one setting of a proportional operation coefficient, integral time or derivative time among control parameters in the transfer function based on a temperature of the cooling plate detected by the temperature sensor after the substrate that is an object to be cooled is placed on the cooling plate.

Abstract: A system and method provide for storage and supply of a pressurized gas aboard a launch vehicle such as a rocket-powered craft. Certain rocket powered vehicles, require that one or more propellant tanks be pressurized for a continuous supply of propellant to the rocket engines and to maintain tank structural integrity. According to the system described herein, certain heating elements may be employed for controlling the pressure in a gas supply bottle during the outflow of gas from the bottle so as to provide a continuous supply of pressurized gas and to make available of a large percentage of the gas stored in the bottle. Further, the system described herein provides for the storage of helium under densities above that of liquid helium and through use of a heat source, such as rocket engine supplied hot gas, provides a supply of gas such that it can be used for tank pressurization.

Abstract: A portable self-contained liquid natural gas (LNG) dispensing system is housed in a container featuring opposing side and end walls and a bottom panel. The container is divided into a ventilated portion and a covered portion. A roof is over the covered portion while the ventilated portion features an open top. A bulk tank positioned within the container contains a supply of LNG with a head space thereabove and a pump is submerged in LNG within a sump that is also positioned within the container and communicates with the bulk tank. The container is lined with stainless steel sheets to define a containment volume that is capable of holding the entire supply of LNG in the bulk tank. A vent valve communicates with the head space of the bulk tank and is positioned under the open top of the ventilated portion of the container. The electric controls are positioned on the lower portion of the end wall of the covered portion of the container so as to be located in accordance with the appropriate safety guidelines.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the food product and refrigeration system performance of a remote location includes a management center in communication with a remote location through a communication network. The management center receives performance information of the refrigeration system at the remote location and employs software modules to analyze the performance information, diagnose system conditions, and provide alarms for food safety issues, refrigeration system component failure, and indicate maintenance conditions.

Abstract: A refrigeration system includes an evaporator housing sealed to a first side of a circuit board containing a logic module, the evaporator housing including an evaporator block in thermal communication with the logic module. The evaporator housing further includes at least a humidity sensor for detecting a humidity within the evaporator housing. In another aspect of the invention, the refrigeration system includes a heater on a second side of the circuit board opposite the evaporator housing, the heater being in thermal communication with plated through-holes of the circuit board to maintain the circuit board above local ambient temperature. In another aspect of the invention, a source of dry pressurized air is provided into the sealed evaporator housing through a though-hole drilled directly under the logic module.

Abstract: A method for automatically controlling an air conditioning device includes determining vehicle interior and exterior temperatures, and supplying a mixture of fresh air and circulating air to the air conditioning device in a hot start when the interior temperature exceeds the exterior temperature. An air conditioning device for a motor vehicle includes a hot start mode and a normal mode. In the hot start mode when the vehicle interior temperature exceeds the vehicle exterior temperature, a mixture of fresh air and circulating air is supplied to the air conditioning device. The air conditioning device operates in the normal mode when the vehicle exterior temperature exceeds the vehicle interior temperature.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention relates to a refrigeration control system that is modular and contains an algorithm to control the energy and temperature performance of side-by-side, top mount, and bottom mount type refrigerators. The control algorithm uses a two-dimensional control grid to determine the state of the refrigeration system based on the temperature of the freezer compartment and the fresh food compartment. The control algorithm then controls the rate of the fresh food fan, evaporator fan, and the damper and to bring the refrigerator-freezer to a desired state and maintain that state.

Abstract: A compressor is actuated by a motor and varies the displacement by the operation of an electromagnetic actuator. A drive unit of the compressor includes a power source, a motor drive circuit located on a power supply path between the motor and the power source, and an actuator drive circuit located on a power supply path between an electromagnetic actuator and the power source. The motor drive circuit drives the motor and the actuator drive circuit drives the electromagnetic actuator. The motor drive circuit and the actuator drive circuit share a smoothing circuit and a filter circuit. Therefore, the actuator drive circuit does not require its own smoothing circuit and a filter circuit. This reduces the number of parts of the drive unit, thereby reducing the size and the cost of the drive unit.

Abstract: A method and a vehicle for the transport by road of a container fitted with an electrically driven plant, in particular a refrigerating or freezing plant. The container is placed on the vehicle and the driving motor of the vehicle drives a hydraulic pump, which hydraulic pump drives a hydraulic motor, which motor drives a generator for generating electric current to be supplied to the container.

Abstract: A refrigerator system includes one or more insulated cabinets structured and disposed for mounting to a wall, soffit, or ceiling so that the insulated cabinets are positioned at a height which enables easy viewing and access to items stored therein. In a preferred embodiment, at least two insulated cabinets are used, including one insulated cabinet providing a refrigerator compartment and a second insulated cabinet providing a freezer compartment. A stand-alone refrigeration and freezing unit for controlling and maintaining the temperature in the refrigerator compartment and the freezer compartment is separated from the insulated cabinets and, in the preferred embodiments, is mounted in a soffit or ceiling structure above the insulated cabinets.

Abstract: In an ejector cycle system, hot gas refrigerant discharged from a compressor is introduced into an evaporator through a bypass passage while bypassing an ejector and a gas-liquid separator in a defrosting operation for defrosting frost generated on the evaporator. In addition, a throttle or a check valve is provided in a refrigerant passage from the gas-liquid separator to a refrigerant inlet side of the evaporator. Accordingly, in the defrosting operation, the hot gas refrigerant from the compressor can be accurately introduced into the evaporator through the bypass passage without flowing toward the gas-liquid separator.

Abstract: An aircraft air conditioner uses a cooling device to cool air extracted from an engine before feeding it into a cabin. This extracted air is mixed with recirculation air that is returned to the cabin after flowing out from the cabin. The mixture of the recirculation air and the extracted air is fed into an air separating section. This air separating section has a selectively permeable membrane that separates the air flowing through an air flow path of the air conditioner into nitrogen-enriched gas and oxygen-concentrated air. The nitrogen-enriched gas is capable of being fed into a fuel peripheral region of the aircraft, and the oxygen-concentrated air is capable of being fed into the cabin.

Abstract: In an air conditioner, air extracted from engine is fed through a main air flow path into cabin after being cooled by a cooling device. This extracted air is fed into the cabin through an auxiliary air flow path. The air within the cabin flows out through an outflow air flow path. A plurality of adsorption sections are constituted by an adsorption agent that adsorbs molecules contained in the air and releases adsorbed molecules by being raised in temperature to more than the temperature thereof on adsorption. By control of an air flow changeover mechanism by a controller, each of the adsorption sections is changed over between a condition connected with the auxiliary air flow path and a condition connected with the outflow air flow path.

Abstract: Disclosed is a refrigerator incorporating a condenser functioning as a backcover. The condenser is provided in one portion of the outer periphery of a machine room in a lower portion of the refrigerator while the machine is closed in other portions of the outer periphery so that air flow to/from the machine room is enabled only through the condenser to enhance cooling efficient and thus condensing efficient.

Abstract: In an adsorption-type refrigerating apparatus, an adsorber includes therein an adsorbent having a temperature-dependent characteristic in which an amount adsorbed in an adsorption step is larger than an amount adsorbed in a desorption step, even when a vapor pressure rate in the adsorption step is equal to or lower than a vapor pressure rate in the desorption step. Therefore, even when the cooling temperature of outside air for cooling the adsorbent increases, a sufficient cooling capacity can be obtained. In addition, a difference between the amount adsorbed in the adsorption step and the amount adsorbed in the desorption step can be made larger.

Abstract: A process for liquefying natural gas in conjunction with producing a liquid stream containing predominantly hydrocarbons heavier than methane is disclosed. In the process, the natural gas stream to be liquefied is partially cooled, expanded to an intermediate pressure, and supplied to a distillation column. The bottom product from this distillation column preferentially contains the majority of any hydrocarbons heavier than methane that would otherwise reduce the purity of the liquefied natural gas. The residual gas stream from the distillation column is compressed to a higher intermediate pressure, cooled under pressure to condense it, and then expanded to low pressure to form the liquefied natural gas stream.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an inorganic material-based article comprising the steps of

Abstract: A hydrous silica gel is dehydrated by freezing, thawing, and removing water separated by thawing, thereby yielding silica particles. In addition, the silica particles thus formed is washed and fired, thereby producing a synthetic quartz glass power.

Abstract: A glass forming mold comprising a mold having a molding surface, a chromium coating film formed on the molding surface and a silicon oxide film formed on the surface of the chromium coating film.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a glass-base-material, which is a base material of an optical fiber, includes a driving unit that drives a glass rod around an axis of the glass rod; a burner for accumulating glass soot around outside surface of the glass rod, which is driven by the driving unit, to form the glass-base-material; a weight-deducting unit, on which the driving unit is mounted, for deducting a predetermined weight from a total weight of the driving unit and the glass-base-material formed by the burner; and a measuring unit provided under the weight-deducting unit for measuring the total weight, from which the predetermined weight is deducted by the weight-deducting unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical fiber fabrication method by which an optical fiber having an objective chromatic dispersion characteristic can be obtained readily. In an optical fiber fabrication method, a cutoff wavelength is measured in an optical fiber with a fixed length obtained by first drawing a part of an optical fiber preform. A target glass diameter for yielding an objective chromatic dispersion characteristic is then determined based on the cutoff wavelength thus measured. Then the rest of the optical fiber preform is drawn so that the glass diameter becomes the target glass diameter thus determined, thereby fabricating the optical fiber.

Abstract: A method for fabricating fluorine doped, silica based glass and fiber by depositing a layer of high purity silica soot on a core rod while rotating the core rod places the rod of pure fused silica or doped fused silica and silica soot in a furnace having a lining of Al2O3, elevates the temperature in a fluorine rich atmosphere to establish the proper differential in the indices of refraction between the core start rod and the deposited layer, and heats the resulting rod at consolidation temperatures in an atmosphere of helium to form a preform. The apparatus includes a furnace having a lining of high purity alumina that is resistant to chemical etching and change normally due to the fluorine and chlorine.

Abstract: An automatic quartz-tube leveling device for automatically measuring the leveling state of an optical-fiber preform on an on-line basis using a modified-chemical-vapor deposition (MCVD) technique is disclosed. A quartz tube is disposed in a horizontal supporting element such as a lathe. A measuring device is provided with a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device, interposing the quartz tube, for measuring an upper eccentric value and a lower eccentric value along a length of the quartz tube. A controller receives the measured upper and lower eccentric values from the measuring device, compares the measured values with predetermined reference values, and specifies a necessary leveling span of the quartz tube. A transfer device then moves to a necessary leveling span of the quartz tube to carry out leveling of the quartz tube, under control of the controller.

Abstract: A compound needle (1) is provided with a slider (8) having two slider springs (11, 12). These are arched away from each other in a section immediately adjoining their insertion funnel (28). The compound needle has a slider slit (4), which initially is relatively narrow at its inlet (15), so that a guide section (4a) has been established there. Thereafter the slider slit (4) widens, so that a running section (4b) is established. The lateral bulge of the slider springs (11, 12) is of such a dimension that the slider (8) runs free in the running section (4b), and is guided without lateral play in the guide section (4a). The compound needle (1) also operates precisely in case of tension forces acting laterally on the slider (8) and requires only a small opening width of its funnel (28).

Abstract: A water supply safety valve kit for an appliance in which the kit includes an individual solenoid actuated normally closed valve unit for each water supply line to the appliance and a control unit that plugs into a conventional electrical female household outlet. The control unit has a first outlet at the household line voltage and into which the power cord of the appliance plugs and a second lower voltage outlet responsive to current flow to the first outlet. A count down timer circuit and a low voltage output are activated by the current flow to the first outlet and lines connect that low voltage output to the solenoid valve unit to open the same. The count down timer terminates the low voltage output after a preselected time period.

Abstract: A switch includes a switching mechanism, an operating mechanism with a key which normally causes the switching mechanism to be in a switched-off condition when it is pulled out and to be displaced against a biasing force to be in a switched-on condition when the key is inserted, and a locking mechanism for maintaining the switching mechanism locked in the switched-on condition and releasing it from the locked condition if a load greater than a specified magnitude is applied to the key while the switching mechanism is locked such that the switching mechanism is set back in the switched-off condition. The switching mechanism may be contained in a head case attached to a main case containing the operating mechanism. The main case also includes a forcing mechanism which tends to force the switching mechanism in the switched-off condition.

Abstract: Process for transforming the residues left after tanning without chroming and the products thereby obtained, based on the process of homogenising (2) the raw material (1), which consists of the leftovers of the tanning industry, such as remnants of skin with hair, trimmings, suede, etc. A mineral acid (3) is added to the mixture, as are semi-metals and metals (4) with a valency of 0, phenol and phenolate (15). The mixture is put in a pressure vessel (5) and is filtered (6) to separate the liquid portion (7) and the solid part (9), which can be neutralised (10) or treated with micro organisms (13).

Abstract: The present invention provides biological fertilizer compositions that comprise yeast cells and swine manure. The yeast cells of the invention have an enhanced ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, decompose phosphorus minerals and compounds, decompose potassium minerals and compounds, decompose complex carbon compounds, overproduce growth factors, overproduce ATP, decompose undesirable chemicals, suppress growth of pathogenic microorganisms, or reduce undesirable odor. The biological fertilizer composition of the invention can replace mineral fertilizers in supplying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to crop plants. Methods of manufacturing biological fertilizer compositions, and methods of uses are also encompassed.

Abstract: Integrating device to detect and recover the deformation of shoulders in a press-bending machine, including an optical ruler joined to the beater and reading trolley, pulled back elastically, and stressed by the false shoulder. The device provided for the false shoulder is made up of a rod perpendicular to the beater, which on one side is hinged to the shoulder of the machine, while on the opposite end, oscillating and facing the beater. It is stressed by the arm joined to the reading trolley of the optical ruler, and further in which the rod provides a slider in connection with an underlying plane plate that is part of the false shoulder.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for the treatment of shot peening by which a high residual compressive-stress can be given, while having the surface roughness of the treated article be low even when a metal substance with a high hardness is used. That is to say, this invention is related to a method for the treatment of shot peening wherein a peening material having a Vickers hardness (Hv) in the range of 900-1100 and a Young's modulus of 200,000 MPa or less, is used, and wherein a treated article is obtained by such a method that has a maximum residual compressive-stress of 1600 MPa or more and a surface roughness of 5 microns or less.

Abstract: Providing a method of hydroforming a tube where the hydroformed diameter is less than the tube length and a hydroforming die having two or more die members having an internal shape same as the tube shape and an internal cavity having the desired formed shape. Where the said die members are movable to an opened and closed position such that the tube is placed inside the die members cavities and the tube ends are sealed and hydraulic pressure source is connected to the interior of the tube and thereby expanding the tube so as to conform to the shape of the said die members cavities. And where the directions of opening and closing of the said die members are in the direction of the said tube axis such that the amount of force necessary to hold the die members in a closed position during said step of expanding, is kept to a minimum.

Abstract: A system and method for hydroforming hose fittings (10) for use with hose assemblies (30).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing rotationally symmetric components by means of rolling. For producing a rotationally symmetric component having a profile without any bevels from a blank, the present invention suggests that an annular blank should be deformed into a profiled annular component in a first step by means of rolling between a first inner roll and a first outer roll in a diameter-enlarging mode until the radial growth is limited due to the fact that the profiled annular component comes into contact with at least one additional outer roll. In a second step, the profiled annular component is deformed in a profiling mode between a second inner roll and at least one of said outer rolls on its inner and/or outer circumferential surface(s).

Abstract: A fabrication method of a metal shell to be installed on a park plug is provided which is made up of a small-diameter portion, a large-diameter portion, and a wrapping portion. The wrapping portion is to be wrapped by staking about the spark plug to achieve installation of the metal shell on the spark plug. The method comprises pressing a workpiece with a punch to shape the wrapping portion of the metal shell in a first cold forging process and processing the workpiece to shape the small-diameter portion of the metal shell in a second cold forging process different from the first cold forging process. This produces the metal shell which is less susceptible to cracks when installed on the spark plug and has an increased service life.

Abstract: A method for bending a rigid pipe to accomplish a centerline radius less than or equal to the outside diameter of the pipe. Moreover, the method accomplishes such a bend whereby the wall thickness of the pipe on the outermost portion of the wall of the pipe is substantially maintained, as is the inside diameter throughout the bend of the pipe. The pipe bend is accomplished by first determining the desired angle of bend and the desired centerline radius. The arc length of the outermost portion of the pipe is then determined. The height and width of each corrugation is then selected in order to determine the length of the outer surface of each corrugation. The arc length is then divided by the corrugation length to determine the number of corrugations required to accomplish the desired bend. The pipe is then deformed to define the required number of corrugations having the determined height and width. After forming the corrugations, the pipe is bent through the selected degree of the bend.

Abstract: A crimping tool is used to attach a metal hub plate to a plastic hub for a data storage disk. The hub is bonded to the data storage disk, and the metal hub plate allows the disk to be magnetically clamped to a spindle of a disk drive. The metal hub plate has a four tabs which are bent into respective recessed areas of the hub. The tool includes a plunger which is directed against the metal hub plate which the plate is held in a lower die assembly. The plunger includes four crimping jaws which slide against angled surfaces of the plunger. The sliding motion causes the crimping jaws to move radially inward towards each other. The lower surface of each jaw includes a cam surface and a prow. The cam surface slides against the tab, bending it to a predetermined shape, and then the prow contacts a base of the tab to bend it beyond the redetermined shape.

Abstract: A pressing tool for tightly pressing sleeve-like fittings (32a) includes a hydraulic cylinder device having a fork-like connecting part (7) and a drive motor. A pressing jaw (51) with a fastening pin (50) is fastened in the fork-like connecting part (7). A piston of the hydraulic cylinder device, which piston is connected to a piston rod (6), is moved out of the starting position in the cylinder by the drive motor. As a result, the piston rod (6) is extended from the cylinder. As a result of the movement of the piston rod (6), the cheek plates (51a, 51b) of the pressing jaw (51) are moved apart in the region of actuation surfaces (8a, 8b) of the cheek plates (51a, 51b) in order to press the cheek plates (51a, 51b) together in the region of the fittings (32a) to be pressed.

Abstract: Safety tool for supporting and holding an interchangeable utensil, which includes a holding clip, hinged to the utensil support body joined to the beam, the said clip being pushed on one side, while on the other side there are teeth facing the utensil support body, and of which a tooth is used for holding a safety hook and a lower tooth presses against the outer side of a spring for lifting the hook. The safety hook, being positioned between the holding clip and the utensil support body, has a seat on one side, along which the said first tooth of the holding clip is inserted, while on the other side, there is a hooking terminal with a leading plane, that is inserted inside a groove, preferably of the type for utensils with a standard shank.

Abstract: A dent repair tool has a motor tool having a body and a motor shaft capable of spinning, an elongated inner shaft connected at its proximal end to the motor tool positioned within an elongated outer shaft, and separated from the outer shaft by bushings; and a working head releasably connected to the distal end of the inner shaft. The working head may take any of several forms, including a circular disk having curved protrusions disposed regularly around the perimeter of the disk, an elliptical plate, a triangular plate having rounded vertices and concave sides, and a square plate having rounded corners and concave sides. A system for repairing a dent in sheet metal includes urging the spinning working head of the dent repair tool against a raised portion of dented sheet metal to reduce or eliminate a dent.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor includes a detector to be positioned between the ambient air and the exhaust gas, which generates a voltage corresponding to a difference in oxygen partial pressure therebetween. A controller performs monitoring of the output voltage from the oxygen sensor and determines an occurrence of fracture in the detector when detecting the generation of a lean signal, which is a signal indicating the above-described difference in the oxygen partial pressure is small, being frequent more than a certain value, and carries out an abnormality diagnosis to the oxygen sensor.

Abstract: Sensor failure in an oil and gas production system is monitored and detected by checking the consistency of the measurements of the sensor in question using a computer-based process model with the measurements of the other sensors in the system. The present invention also generates a back-up value for a failing sensor with the process model by identifying the value that is most consistent with the measurements of the other sensors in the system.

Abstract: A device for measuring the specific density of a gaseous or liquid medium (8) having an acoustic transducer (1), which is active on both sides, and further having cylindrical delay paths (4, 5) as well as a ring (6) in which the acoustic transducer (1) is embedded. The diameter of the acoustic transducer (1) is selected such that it is smaller than the diameter of the delay paths (4, 5) so that diffracted waves generated in the area of the edge of the acoustic transducer generate fewer parasitic echoes and surface waves on the boundary surfaces (7, 9) resulting in less corruption of the measured result.

Abstract: The detection output of a knock sensor, which detects knock of an internal combustion engine, is filtered by a filter in which the filtering frequency band is variable. The output of the filter is discriminated by a level discriminating unit with respect to a given determination level. A counter counts number c of times at which the detection output of the knock sensor is equal to or higher than the determination level. A determining unit determines whether knock occurs or not on the basis of the number c. In response to the output of the determining unit, when determination of occurrence of knock is impossible, a correcting unit conducts correction of shifting the filtering frequency band of the filter. Therefore, determination of occurrence of knock is enabled, and the accuracy of knock detection is improved.

Abstract: Methods are described for the characterization of microporous membranes such as crystalline molecular sieve membranes. The methods are based on the exposure of a membrane to a non-condensable inert gas e.g. helium, which may be transported through selective and non-selective pathways within the membrane, while at the same time exposing the membrane to increasing partial pressures of a condensable material in the form of a vapor or a gas. The condensable material may also be transported through the selective and non-selective pathways in the membrane. The condensable material progressively fills the pathways of the membrane and progressively attenuates the permeance of the non-condensable inert gas allowing detection and determination of non-selective pathways in the membrane.

Abstract: A method for determining oil viscosity includes measuring an oil viscosity parameter value while an oil pump pumps oil through an engine lubrication system. Thereafter, the oil viscosity parameter value is compared to a stored look-up table of oil viscosity parameter values versus oil viscosity values and the viscosity of the oil contained within the vehicle lubrication system is interpolated from the table. The look-up table is generated by installing the pump in a test system and then, measuring the oil viscosity parameter value as the pump pumps oils of known viscosities. For increased accuracy, the look-up table is generated for several temperatures within the range of normal engine operating temperatures and several pump speeds within the range of normal operating pump speeds.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the viscosity of a fluid over plural shear rates caused by a decreasing pressure differential by monitoring the movement of the fluid through a riser tube and a capillary tube. The movement can be monitored by detecting the changing weight of the fluid, using a precision balance or load cell, as it moves through the riser tube and capillary tube into a fluid collector; or, alternatively, the movement can be monitored by detecting the changing level of a fluid column in the riser tube using a column level detector. A processor then uses the changing weight or height data, along with the dimensions of the capillary tube and a dimension of the riser tube, to determine the viscosity of the fluid. In addition, apparatus and methods for determining fluid viscosity online and fluid mixture homogeneity online are also described.

Abstract: A method of reducing baseline instabilities in liquid chromatographic measurements is disclosed. A mobile phase comprising sample substances passes through a chromatographic column comprising a stationary phase, and subsequently through a detector. An additional solid body or liquid bath having a high heat capacity and heat conductance is coupled to the column and to an inlet capillary of the column such that the inlet capillary and the column are enclosed by said solid body or liquid bath. In that way very good temperature stabilization of the column and inlet capillaries is achieved and baseline variations due to temperature dependent adsorption of water at the stationary phase, in particular stationary phases with amino functional groups, are reduced.

Abstract: A wall film can form around a temperature sensor as a result of the temperature sensor being fitted in the intake port of the internal combustion engine, in such a manner that at least some of the fuel jet from the injection valve is sprayed onto it. The reduction in temperature that occurs as a result of the enthalpy of vaporization at the temperature sensor is measured and used as a criterion for determining the quality of the fuel supplied to the internal combustion engine. This information can be used to correct the change in injection time exclusively or in addition to adapting the starting quantity and/or using the lack-of-smoothness method.