Abstract: Process and apparatus for winding a running material web, in particular a paper or cardboard web, in which the running material web is wound consecutively on several winding cores, in particular reel spools. At least one cut is made preferably running parallel to the web edge of the running material web and in the web travel direction of the running material web. After the started at least one cut has run through the nip formed by the winding roll and the new winding core, the at least one formed transfer strip which is incorporated in the running material web is detached from the outer circumferential area of the winding roll by at least one directed high-energy air jet that is generated briefly by at least one separator device and simultaneously cuts through. Subsequently, the at least one now detached transfer strip is transferred onto, and preferably applied to, the outer circumferential area of the new winding core by at least one first blower device, in particular a blower shoe.

Abstract: A method of making wet rolls includes providing a web of material, applying a wetting solution to the web to produce a wet web, and winding the wet web into a roll. The wetting solution may be applied at an add-on greater than 25%, and the web may travel at a speed of at least 60 meters per minute.

Abstract: Reel-holder flange in a dispensing machine for wipe material of the type comprising a frame which accommodates a protective cover, said frame having two flanges between which the reel of material, the drum which accommodates the cutting device and any other components are mounted, the reel-holder flanges each accommodating an end fitting which accommodates the core of the reel, characterized in that the upper part of one of the flanges (5) accommodates a shaft (9) which supports end fitting (10), and in that the end fitting accommodates an O-ring seal (14) which protrudes and cooperates which the core of the reel, and in that there is an elastic return means between the base (5.1) of said flange (5) or the associated connecting spacer bar (15) between the flanges (4.5) in order to fulfil an anti-loop function by cooperating with means (11-12) making it possible to tension the return means.

Abstract: A tape guide (38) that provides support for a storage tape (30) of a tape drive (10) during a loss of tension of the storage tape (30). The tape drive (10) includes a drive housing (12), a tape roller (34) having a longitudinal axis (36), and the tape guide (38). The tape guide (38) includes a guide body (40) coupled to the drive housing (12), and a tape support (42) secured to the guide body (40). The tape support (42) has a support width (126) that is greater than a support thickness (124). The tape support (42) can include a curved region (120). Moreover, the tape support (42) can include a support backing (122) that secures the tape support (42) to the guide body (40). The size, shape and positioning of the tape support (42) allows greater flexibility in a lateral direction that generally follows a tape path (32) than in a direction that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (36) of the tape roller (34).

Abstract: The invention concerns a remote-controlled flying machine, in particular for surveillance and inspection, capable of hovering and comprising a spherical open-worked resistant shroud integral with a cylindrical fairing wherein rotates a propeller powered by an engine housed in a fuselage secured to the fairing with radial arms and straightening vanes.

Abstract: The attachment device (10) is inserted between the engine (14) and a pylon (12) designed to be attached to an aircraft structure, such as a wing or fuselage section. The attachment device (10) generally includes two brackets (18a, 18b) joined together and secured to the pylon (12) and two pairs of rods (20a, 20b, 22a, 22b) inserted between the two brackets (18a, 18b) and a part (24) of the structure of the engine (14). Thus the integrity of the link between the pylon (16) and the engine (14) is preserved in the event of failure of any of the parts which constitute the device, without there being any need for a backup attachment system.

Abstract: An airship system according to the invention has an airship (110), a base station (120), and at least three measurement points. The airship (110) emits ultrasonic waves upon receiving an instruction from the base station (120). Measurement point units (S1-S3) receive the ultrasonic waves, and thereby measure distances from the airship (110) to the respective measurement points. An MPU that is incorporated in the base station (120) calculates a position of the airship (110). The base station (120) controls a route of the airship (110) based on the calculated position by sending a flight instruction to the airship (110). In this manner, an airship system can be provided that makes it unnecessary for an operator to pilot the airship and that can reduce the load weight and the power consumption of the airship.

Abstract: The optimal control design for antiskid brake control uses a discrete Kalman filter scheme in combination with a conventional aircraft brake control system, comprising sensors for measuring a speed of a wheel and brake torque, and for providing output signals indicative of the speed and torque values, and an optimal antiskid braking controller. The optimal antiskid brake controller includes a wheel speed filter, a reference velocity module, an optimal controller, and an integrator module. The optimal controller includes a discrete Kalman regulator utilizing a discrete Kalman filter, which compels the wheel velocity to quickly converge to the reference velocity, while the integrator produces appropriate antiskidding control and compensates for low frequency torque disturbances. The discrete Kalman filter estimates brake pressure, and the difference between the wheel velocity and a reference velocity, and these estimated states are regulated by a control feedback gain matrix.

Abstract: A moveable closet for storing articles in an aircraft includes a fixed outer housing and a moveable inner housing capable of being displaced from a loading position for articles to be placed within a storage compartment to a stowed position, which allows for additional cabin space during taxiing and flight. The storage compartment defined by the inner housing may be further sub-divided by shelves for storing articles of various sizes and may also be fitted with bars in order to accommodate hanging items. The moveable closet is capable of being accessed from a lengthwise extending aisle and therefore may be located directly adjacent a fixed structure on an aircraft such as a lavatory, galley, fixed closet, or the like. Once the storage compartment defined by the inner housing is loaded with articles, it is displaced into the outer housing to provide additional cabin space for passenger leg room or seating.

Abstract: A space module has an outer structure designed for traveling in space, a docking mechanism for facilitating a docking operation therewith in space, a first storage system storing a first propellant that burns as a result of a chemical reaction therein, a second storage system storing a second propellant that burns as a result of electrical energy being added thereto, and a bi-directional transfer interface coupled to each of the first and second storage systems to transfer the first and second propellants into and out thereof. The space module can be part of a propellant supply architecture that includes at least two of the space modules placed in an orbit in space.

Abstract: A parafoil system for autonomously controlling the gliding descent of a payload/UAV from a launch point to a predetermined recovery area and manipulating the parafoil to execute a soft landing in the recovery area, a sensing means associated with the system for determining wind speed and direction, as well as altitude, heading and position of the system, a means housed within the system for processing information received from the sensing means to determine the gliding flight path from the launch point to a predetermined recovery area and the execution of a flare maneuver to achieve a soft landing, control surface means on the parafoil canopy, mechanical means coupling the information processing means with the control surface means for adjusting the control surface means to accomplish the steering to the recovery area during gliding flight and the flare maneuver during landing, and a power source in the payload/UAV.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring and displaying the altitude of a kite in the air includes a device for measuring the length of the kite line that has been unwound from the reel and a device that produces a signal to a microprocessor that represents the angle the kite line makes with the horizontal. The height of the kite, which is computed from the measured line length and angle, is displayed.

Abstract: A thermal protection structure includes a thermal protection layer formed by impregnating reinforcing fibers with a matrix resin, a gas-pervious wear-resistant layer formed of a heat-resistant material and laminated on the outer surface to be exposed to heat of the thermal protection layer. The wear-resistant layer prevents the direct impact of raindrops or ice pellets on the thermal protection layer, so that the reduction of the thermal protection ability of the thermal protection layer due to wear can be prevented. The gas-pervious wear-resistant layer permits the emission of gases produced by the thermal decomposition and carbonization of the thermal protection layer caused by aerodynamic heating into the environment.

Abstract: Boeing achieves satellite diversity by having a large discrimination angle for a MEO constellation of communications satellites to limit interference in the Ku-band with GSO communications systems. Each satellite entering an exclusion zone over a GSO ground station terminates all transmissions to provide EPFD within acceptable limits. The Boeing MEO constellation preferably comprises 20 satellites, 5 in each orbit. The four orbits are inclined at about 57° with respect to the equator. Services include an Integrated Digital Service (IDS) and Backhaul Data Service (BDS) to accommodate the needs of different users.

Abstract: A space craft docks with a target, such as an asteroid utilizing a tether shaped in a loop. The loop is positioned about a portion of the asteroid and retracted thereby docking the space craft to the target. A deployable wing may then be inflated and filled with foam. The wing has a reflective surface which assists in generating a larger momentum from impending photons. The wing may be moved relative to the space craft to alter the forces acting on the wing, and thus the target. These forces are utilized, over time, to alter the orbit of the target. Sensors and communication equipment may be utilized to allow remote operation of the wing and tether.

Abstract: The invention relates to a decision procedure in combinational logic which requires a computing time of n for determining the congestion of a railway track system. The railway track system supports n trains, each with a route length of m itineraries. Prior to setting a requested route segment for a given train, a query is performed to check train positions and whether the given train is allowed to travel on the track sectors to be used for the requested route segment, without causing a possibility that the track system may become congested. The processing steps can be reduced. a) verification of whether a train can reach the next immediate track sector of a route; b) verification for a two-train variation whether a reference position of the first train prevents the second train from traveling on its route; c) new dependencies are created using transitivity and for combinations of two trains, a verification is made whether a cogent sequence exists.

Abstract: A switch machine for moving railroad switch points. The switch machine includes a switch stand adapted to be connected to the railroad switch points. The switch stand includes a rotatable hub which is selectively rotatable to throw the switch points. A rotary actuator includes a rotatable pinion that is coupled to the hub of the switch stand. A hydraulic pump and a valve are in fluid communication with the rotary actuator and selectively control the direction of rotation of the pinion. A first proximity sensor and a second proximity sensor are provided to sense the position of the pinion and hub. When the pinion and hub are rotated to a first position to move the switch points to a first switch point position, the first sensor will deactivate the hydraulic pump. When the pinion and hub rotate the switch points to a second switch point position, the second proximity sensor will deactivate the hydraulic pump.

Abstract: A rear tray having a speaker grill, for being installed in a panel body of a vehicle rear portion, has an engaging hole provided on the rear tray; and a clip attachment member for being engaged to the engaging hole, the clip attachment member being provided on a rear face of the speaker grill. The speaker grill is fixed to the rear tray beforehand by engaging the clip attachment member to the engaging hole.

Abstract: A lighting track is in the form of elongated, U-shaped metallic track with parallel depending legs having elongated decorative strips engaged and retained in dovetail slots in the exterior leg surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention provides an assembly for attaching a high current conductive line to a support. The assembly comprises a first interlocking member shaped to receive the conductive line and a second interlocking member removably attached to the first interlocking member and shaped to receive the conductive line. Engagement between the first interlocking member and the second interlocking member defines a retaining aperture shaped to retain the conductive line.

Abstract: An improved, improved boiler tube clamp, employable to secure boiler tubes in an equal-spaced, parallel arrangement, includes a pair of mating half-clamps having multiple opposed recesses sized to snugly cradle boiler tubes of a given diameter. The half-clamps are brought together around the boiler tubes and either either welded or bolted together, thereby aligning the tubes in the desired arrangement. A first embodiment of the improved clamp mechanism includes a pair of non-matching half-clamps, one of which is equipped with a plurality of slots along the upper and lower surfaces thereof. The other half-clamp is equipped with tabs which mate with the slots of the other half-clamp when both halves are brought together by tightening the screw-type fasteners. The mating locations are readily accessible, thereby allowing a weld to be placed at the junction of each slot and its mating tab.

Abstract: The present invention provides a retaining and fixing structure of raised floor holder comprising a holder body, a pipe cover, and a fixing stud. The pipe cover having a larger height is disposed at the top of the holder body. A retaining groove is annularly disposed on the pipe cover. The holder body has a corresponding screw hole thereon. The fixing stud is screwed into the screw hole. The front end of the fixing stud is matched into the retaining groove of the pipe cover. The pipe cover can thus be retained and fixed on the holder body through the fixing stud so that the pipe cover will not generate axial displacement along the holder body. In other words, the pipe cover and the holder body will not unsettle or separate from each other, hence achieving higher strength and better vibration-proof capability.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device for attaching a fuel tank to the leg of a gas grill frame to hold the tank on the grill. However, the device can be manipulated to disengage from the tank so that the tank can be removed from the grill and refilled. The device including an attaching bracket for a attaching the device to the leg of a gas grill frame and a tank clasp for releasably engaging a gas tank positioned on the gas grill frame. The attaching bracket is shaped to fit around the leg of a gas grill frame and snap together or be screwed together to hold the bracket in place. The tank clasp is pivotally connected to the attaching bracket for movement between an engaging position and a releasing position. In the engaging position, the clasp holds the gas tank on the gas grill frame. In the releasing position, the clasp is disengaged from the gas tank so that it can be removed and refilled. The device also includes a stop for holding said tank clasp in the engaging position.

Abstract: A self-adjusting furniture foot assembly has an upper member slidably engaged with a lower member. Between the upper and lower members, a biasing member urges the two apart while a dampening member resists acceleration of the second member toward the first member. Consequently, the foot assembly can slowly compensate to an uneven support surface for an item of furniture, and can quickly reset itself when the furniture is lifted.

Abstract: An insulating cap and connector for attaching an electric utility cross arm assembly to a supporting metal utility pole having an open top. A cylindrical tube of insulated composition has an end cap closed at the top and has a reduced diameter nipple extending downwardly. The reduced diameter nipple is insertable within the open top end of the supporting utility pole when the tube is slid over the top of the utility pole. Fasteners attach the cross arm to the tube and the supporting utility pole. There is no conductive contact between the metal support pole and the cross arm when insulated fasteners are used.

Abstract: The purpose of this product heretofore known as The Hook is to provide the ability to hang personal items on slotted tracks of office systems furniture and residential wall tracks. It is unique in that there is currently no provision for a small, light, inexpensive hanging device available in a choice of so many colors which serves this purpose.

Abstract: A mechanism which achieves positional flexibility of a heavy operator console in the horizontal plane, improving ergonomics while avoiding mechanical and safety-related problems arising from moving the operator console relative to a main unit of a scanner. The mechanism comprises four links and two bosses and is installed between the main unit of the ultrasound system and the operator panel, hidden below the latter. Seen from above, the four links resemble the back legs of a frog. The “frog-leg” configuration allows the operator to bring the operator panel up close by pulling it with one hand. The mechanism also allows a heavy CRT monitor to be mounted onto the operator panel and thus follow the latter's movement. When the system is to be moved, the operator panel is pushed back and locks into a compact “parked” position, allowing the handles on the operator panel to be used for moving the entire system.

Abstract: A keyboard support assembly includes first and second arms which interconnect from a desktop mounting plate to a keyboard support platform. The first arm connects directly by pivot connections between the desk mounting plate and the keyboard support platform. The second arm connects from the desk mounting plate to the first arm and acts as a brace for the first arm. A locking wedge mechanism locks the arms together when weight is placed on the support platform due to engagement of an actuating arm which projects from the keyboard support platform and activates the wedge mechanism. Release of the weight or force on the platform releases the wedge locking mechanism and permits pivotal movement of the arms and reorientation of the platform.

Abstract: A tool and part holder for holding various tools and miscellaneous parts. The holder includes an elongated bar having a first end, a second end, a hook at the first end thereof, a magnetic portion at the second end thereof, and a non-magnetic portion at the first end thereof.

Abstract: A tissue case holder is provided which is simple in structure and on which a tissue case can be easily and rigidly set. A pair of hooks having tip portions having different lengths from each other are provided on the plate to be mounted on a wall surface or the like. The long tip portion has its back face inclined toward said plate. The short tip portion having its back face inclined away from said plate. By inserting the tip portions of the hooks into holes formed at both ends of a tissue case, and sliding the tissue case toward the proximal end of the short tip portion, due to the inclination of the tip portions, the tissue case is brought into close contact with the plate and is held stably.

Abstract: A beverage holder for a beverage container for example a can, a cup, or a beaker is provided for installation into a dashboard of a motor vehicle and has a pulled-out portion arranged to be displaceably guided as a drawer and having an insertion opening for a beverage container, wherein the beverage container has a shape of an arc of a circle and is provided with an arcuate slide guide and a support rotatable through 180° for supporting the inserted beverage container securely against tipping over.

Abstract: A support base is disclosed for distributing a concentrated load over a generally planar surface. The support base comprises a baseplate formed of a moldable polymeric material having a top surface and a generally planar bottom surface. A tubular sleeve is formed integral with the baseplate and extends from the top surface defining an upper portion and a lower cavity portion. A cap, also formed integral with the baseplate, is oriented at the distal end of the sleeve lower cavity portion, thus defining the cavity height. A through bore is formed through the cap generally coaxial with the cavity. An array of projections, formed integral with the baseplate, extend upward from a top surface of the cap and are spaced around the through bore such that the distal ends of the projections provide a generally planar upper mounting surface.

Abstract: A pedestal base which is a hollow tube having a first periphery and a second periphery. At least one of the first and second peripheries includes at least two pairs of open channels. Each pair of open channels is sized and spaced around the periphery so that a support member of constant cross-section can be slidably fitted into the pair of channels. The pairs of channels are spaced around the periphery so that, when a straight support member is fitted into each pair of channels, all the support members are parallel to each other and form a platform for supporting objects. The pedestals are particularly useful in the catering industry for supporting food and beverage containers, tableware, flower vases and sculptures.

Abstract: An integrated easel, horizontal artwork support surface and art supply carrying case comprises a lower housing forming an art supply holding container and an upper housing providing a downwardly extending cavity. The upper housing in hingedly connected to the lower housing about their respective front walls. A horizontal, second artwork supporting surface hingedly connects to the lower housing about their respective rear walls. The upper housing has a flat surface for artwork and an easel-like stand hingedly attached to the rear of the flat surface which cooperates with the horizontal, second artwork supporting surface for holding the flat surface at an angle with respect to the lower housing. The device is compact, versatile, easy to carry and allows a child to use various art media.

Abstract: An improved picture hanger assembly is hereby proposed.

Abstract: A flat monitor. The flat monitor comprises a supporting mechanism. The supporting mechanism comprises a base having a receiving space, a first linking shaft having a first end connected to the base and a second end, and a second linking shaft having a third end and a fourth end. The third end is movably connected to the base and moves between a first position and a second position. The fourth end is pivoted to the second end of the first linking shaft so as to form a joint portion. A deceleration device is disposed between the first linking shaft and the base in order to slow the speed at which the joint portion moves between a supporting position and a receiving position.

Abstract: A chamfer for forming precast concrete wall panels used in tilt-up construction. The chamfer includes an elongate base portion and at least one chamfer portion coextensive with the lengthwise direction of the elongate base portion. The base portion defines a substantially horizontal base plane. The chamfer portion includes a first leg disposed upstanding relative to the base portion, and a second leg portion angularly disposed relative the first leg. The second leg further includes at least one flexible edge that projects beyond at least the base plane or the plane defined by the lengthwise direction extension of the first leg. Depending on which part of the second leg the edge is cantilevered from, it forms a sealed relationship between the chamfer and a casting surface, the chamfer and a plank used as part of the wall form, or both.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus is provided which includes: a sensor unit having a plurality of photoelectric conversion portions for converting light from an object into charges and accumulating the charges; a sensor drive circuit for controlling an accumulation time of the charges in the sensor unit; a light source for irradiating light on the object; a temperature detection circuit for detecting ambient temperature of the sensor unit; and a control circuit for controlling the sensor drive circuit and the light source according to an output of the temperature detection circuit.

Abstract: There is disclosed an image reading apparatus constructed by an illuminating unit for illuminating an object in a line shape, an image forming optical system for forming a light, as an image, from the object illuminated by the illuminating unit, a line sensor for converting the light formed as an image by the image forming optical system into an image signal, and a frame for holding the illuminating unit and the line sensor, wherein a shape in which vertices of at least a part of the cross section of the illuminating unit are connected by straight lines is set to a polygon of a pentagon or more, so that an image can be stably read at a high quality.

Abstract: A system (100) and method for focal plane array calibration using an internal non-uniform calibration source (30). In the illustrative embodiment, the system (100) includes a first mechanism (16) for calculating a relative gain of each detector element in the focal plane array (20) relative to at least one reference element, a second mechanism (17) for obtaining the absolute gain of the reference element, and a third mechanism (18) for calculating the absolute gains for all other detector elements using the relative gains in conjunction with the absolute gain of the reference element. The relative response of each pixel is calculated from measurements of the response of each pixel using an internal calibration source (30) at two or more different source positions, and two illumination intensities at each position. Measurements using a pair of source positions separated by k pixels establishes the relative response of the ith pixel with respect to the (i+k)th pixel.

Abstract: A position and color detection sensor (for detecting a position of a light spot in a light distribution that can include stray light components, e.g. from other lasers, ambient lighting etc.) includes two discrete response position sensitive detectors (DRPSDs). The first DRPSD is used to calculate a raw estimate of the spot position and the second DRPSD is used to calculate the actual spot position based on information from the first DRPSD. Color is supported by further dividing each pixel of the first DRPSD into elementary photocells, each one covered with an appropriate optical filter. The use of two DRPSDs differing in pixel geometries makes them suitable for integration on the same chip using the same process. This reduces production and alignment costs. Further, analogue microelectronic processes can be used for color filter deposition and simple optics can be used for beam splitting and shaping.

Abstract: When low intensity light (4) is incident upon a photodiode (2), the output from the photodiode (2) is coupled to an integrator formed by an operational amplifier (7), a capacitor (8) and a FET coupled in parallel in a feedback path between an output (9) of the operational amplifier (7) and its negative input (5). The output (9) of the operational amplifier (7) is coupled to an input of an A/D converter (21), whose output is coupled to a microprocessor (22), whose output is coupled to a filter (23). A second output of the microprocessor (22) is coupled to a gate electrode of FET 10 to provide a reset signal to the FET 10 to reset the integrator.

Abstract: An apparatus and associated method for controlling the propagation constant of a region of focusing propagation constant in an optical waveguide. The method comprising positioning an electrode of a prescribed electrode shape proximate the waveguide. A region of focusing propagation constant is projected into the waveguides that corresponds, in shape, to the prescribed electrode shape by applying a voltage to the shaped electrode. The propagation constant of the region of focusing propagation constant is controlled by varying the voltage. Light of certain wavelengths passing through the region of focusing propagation constant has a variable focal length.

Abstract: An optical position transducer is provided for each of the black/white keys incorporated in a composite keyboard musical instrument; the optical position transducer includes a photo-coupler radiating a light beam, an optical filter moved across the light beam, a recess formed in the black/white key at a proper position where the optical filter is aligned with a target trajectory crossing the light beam and an elastic coupler pressed to an inner surface defining the recess and secured to the optical filter so that a worker assembles the optical filter with the key by inserting the elastic coupler into the recess.

Abstract: A distributed fiberoptic radiation sensor is described which may employ one or more radiation sensor elements distributed in a single optical fiber. Such optical fibers may be placed on surfaces, or even within parts, to unobtrusively measure radiation in precise and even difficult to reach locations. Different sensor elements may respond to different radiation types and wavelength ranges, with each sensor element causing a different wavelength of light to be emitted or absorbed within the fiber. By employing an appropriate combination of detection methods at the ends of the fiber, the distributed sensor may provide type and calorimetric discrimination of radiation incident on one or more distinguishable locations. The radiation information thus detected may be integrated, if desired, to obtain corresponding real-time dose information. With such integration, the device becomes a distributed real-time dosimeter.

Abstract: A single step multi-section exposure scanning method for a scanner. The scanner includes a photo-sensor and a stepper motor. The photo-sensor has N rows of sensor cells that correspond to each primary color. The scanning device is driven forward an exposure distance for each revolution of the stepper motor. The single step multi-section exposure scanning method includes the following steps. First, the photo-sensor moves forward one exposure distance. One row of sensor cells is exposed after moving every 1/Nth of the exposure distance. Thereafter, analogue voltages obtained through the exposed row of sensor cells are transmitted to an analogue/digital converter. The above process is repeated until the entire document is scanned.

Abstract: A high-throughput laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometer has been developed and is described herein. The mass spectrometer employs an ion source that has a plurality of lasers firing in tandem at one or more samples to increase the rate at which ion packets are generated by the ion source.

Abstract: A scanning confocal microscope and methods are provided for configuring scanning confocal microscopes for imaging specimens, such as, high resolution imaging of thick non-optically transparent specimens including imaging of buried or subsurface features of thick non-optically transparent structures. The scanning confocal microscope, such as a scanning confocal electron microscope (SCEM), is configured to image structures buried in thick specimens, such as specimens greater than eight microns thick, utilizing confocal imaging principles. A scanning confocal microscope includes an illumination source, a specimen, and a detector. The illumination source provides a focused radiation beam that is applied to the specimen. The detector detects an interaction signal from the specimen. The scanning confocal microscope is configured to operate in the confocal imaging mode, where the imaging source, specimen and detector are arranged to be located at conjugate image points.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an electron-optical system with a high observation efficiency at low cost while maintaining the overall light path length and the quality of observation such as observational electron yield and resolution, etc.

Abstract: A method of controlling unruly persons comprising identifying an area containing unruly persons refusing to respond to rule of law, filling the area with a non-toxic, non-injurious fogging material which interferes with the visual sense of persons in the area so as to prevent the persons from orienting themselves within the area and prevents the persons from seeing other persons within the area and providing for at least one authorized person within the area a thermal imaging camera operable to thermally detect persons within the area and to generate an image representing the persons detected. At least one authorized person within the area a viewing device for viewing the image of the detected persons and causing said at least one authorized person to subdue the unruly persons while viewing the images of the unruly persons and while the unruly persons are prevented from seeing the at least one authorized person.