Abstract: A wired circuit board having a terminal portion formed as a flying lead that can provide enhanced strength of the conductive pattern, both sides of which are exposed, by simple construction to effectively prevent disconnection of the conductive pattern. The wired circuit board having the terminal portion formed as the flying lead in which the both sides of the conductive pattern are exposed includes, in crossing areas where ends of a cover-side opening and ends of a base-side opening and the conductive pattern are crossed each other, (i) the widened portions formed in the conductive pattern or (ii) cover-side projections and base-side projections formed in the cover layer and the base layer, respectively.

Abstract: An electronic connection cover for a hydraulic component has a housing structure having an interior compartment and an electronic control element in the interior compartment. The housing structure has a face for interfacing a hydrostatic component housing. A printed circuit board is affixed to the face of the housing structure with a printed circuit thereon on a side thereof opposite to the housing structure. The printed circuit is connected to the electronic control element. Electrical contacts extend from the printed circuit through the printed circuit board and the electronic connection cover for external connection to an exterior circuit. A seal element is located between the printed circuit board and the electronic control circuit which surrounds the area where the electrical contacts extend through the printed circuit board.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a network chassis having a system backplane board, a subassembly backplane board, and at least one connector disposed on each of the system backplane board and subassembly backplane board for electrically connecting the system backplane board to the subassembly backplane board. The chassis includes a mounting mechanism for rotatably coupling the system backplane board to the chassis and defining a path of rotation therefor, and an ejection mechanism mounted to the system backplane board to unseat the connector of the system backplane board from the connector of the subassembly backplane board. The ejection mechanism selectively exerts a force against the chassis that is directed linearly outwardly from and perpendicularly to the system backplane board. The ejection mechanism further comprises a fastener for releasably engaging the system backplane board to the chassis.

Abstract: Optoelectronic components, specifically, ceramic optical sub-assemblies are described. In one aspect, the optoelectronic component includes a ceramic base substrate having a pair of angled (or substantially perpendicular) faces. The electrical traces are formed directly on the ceramic surfaces and extend between the pair of faces. A semiconductor chip assembly is mounted on the first face of the ceramic base substrate and a photonic device is mounted on the second face. Both the semiconductor chip assembly and the photonic device are electrically connected to traces on the ceramic base substrate. The semiconductor chip assembly is generally arranged to be electrically connected to external devices. The photonic devices are generally arranged to optically communicate with one or more optical fibers. The described structure may be used with a wide variety of photonic devices.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a case for confining at least one circuit card to a location within a housing is provided. The case has at least one slot that contains the circuit card. The case also has at least one actuator adapted to clamp the circuit card within the slot.

Abstract: A tray for semiconductors having a tray portion, a rail portion, and an intermediate portion. The tray portion has a plurality of chip recesses formed therein. The rail portion extends substantially around the tray portion. The intermediate portion interconnects the tray portion and the rail portion and is oriented at an angle of more than 115° with respect to the rail portion.

Abstract: A cable management arm assembly for a computer server that includes a break-away link that allows the arm assembly to be pivoted away from the back panel of the computer server while the server is attached to a computer rack. The cable management arm further includes an inner arm section, an inner arm slide racket, an outer arm section and an outer arm slide bracket. The inner arm section is pivotably mounted to the inner arm slide bracket at one end, and is pivotably mounted to the break-away link at an opposite end. Likewise, the outer arm section is pivotably mounted to the outer arm slide bracket at one end, and is pivotably mounted to the break-away link at an opposite end. When the computer server is retracted into the rack, the sections pivot and rotate in such a manner that the inner arm section and the outer arm section are in contact with each other and are parallel, where the break-away link forms an extension of the outer arm section.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel device has a backlight unit for illuminating the reverse surface of a liquid crystal display panel, and the backlight unit includes a diffusion plate, a diffusion sheet adhered to one of the major surfaces of the diffusion plate, a lamp house and a moisture-proof sheet inserted between the other surface of the diffusion plate and the lamp house; the moisture-proof sheet prevents the diffusion plate from vaporization of water contained in the diffusion plate, and the diffusion plate is not warped; the diffusion plate maintains the initial shape immediately after the assemblage into the backlight unit so that the liquid crystal display panel is continuously uniformly illuminated by the backlight unit.

Abstract: A housing frame comprises a recess, a flat seat portion and a frame-shaped seat portion which are positioning units for a spot-like light source, a light conductive bar and a light conductive plate, respectively. The required assembly accuracy can be reliably obtained only by fitting the light source, the light conductive bar and the light conductive plate to the predetermined positioning units of the housing frame. A recess and a flat seat portion have a thickness D2 smaller than the thickness D1 of a frame forming the positioning unit for the light conductive plate, and the housing frame forms a cavity, an opening of which is directed upward, and in order to obtain the required strength a reinforcing frame is provided. By reducing the thickness of the reinforcing frame, the light conductive plate can be disposed close to a display surface of any electronic product in incorporating the spread illuminating apparatus into any the electronic product.

Abstract: A direct plug electric candle lighting system is herein disclosed. The system comprises an electric single outlet/receptacle mounted in a window sill and an electric candle assembly designed to plug directly into the single outlet/receptacle. The window sill-mounted single outlet/receptacle includes a three-wire, grounded single outlet/receptacle rated for a maximum current of 15 amps and a maximum voltage of 125 volts and a decorative metallic cover plate. The electric candle assembly may include a grounded plug rated for a maximum current of 15 amps and a maximum voltage of 125 volts, a decorative metallic base, a plastic candle body, and a low wattage, flame-shaped light bulb.

Abstract: A beverage accessory device having a housing with a cavity therein, a buoyant filler within the cavity, a buoyancy-reducing feature to incrementally decrease the buoyancy of the device, a straw receptacle attached to the housing, and a switchable light-source within the cavity.

Abstract: A radiating wearing object, wherein the wearing object is to cover a specific potion of body, such as shoe, clothes or hat etc., which comprises a main body and a plurality of radiating members. The radiating members have chemical compositions therein to provide radiation from chemical reaction. The main body disposed with a plurality of secure segments thereon for detachable securing the radiating members on the surface of the main body, whereby user can arrange the radiating member into a specific icon or a character and can make the radiating member to radiate in a dark environment for capturing people's attention.

Abstract: A system for providing electronic jewelry and telling the time of day includes binary display beads (105, 110) or segmented display beads (600, 700) arranged on a necklace or bracelet. In one embodiment, binary display beads successively indicate passage of hours of the day. In another embodiment, segmented display beads indicate the exact time in either moving band format or bar-graph format. A power source and timekeeping circuitry (not shown) are concealed within non-display beads (120, 122) or within the display beads.

Abstract: Wireway enclosures are provided for use with lighting systems, particularly display lighting systems. The wireway enclosures are dimensioned to enclose luminaire wiring and preferably other types of wiring and at least one electrical component, such as a ballast or transformer. Wireway enclosures include preferably extruded first and second longitudinal portions hinged together to allow access to the inside of the enclosure. Wiring between adjacent luminaires can run conveniently and inconspicuously through nipple connectors connecting adjacent enclosures.

Abstract: A rechargeable light includes a body, a light source coupled to the body, a capacitor, and a power interface switch. The capacitor is configured to provide power to the light source. The capacitor and light source are configured to provide sustained light. The power interface is configured to be coupled to a power source external to the body and to provide power to charge the capacitor.

Abstract: A device for holding a light emitting source, including flashlights having incandescent bulbs or light emitting diodes (L.E.D.s), to provide a hands-free light source. The device comprises a clip that is configured for attachment to a support and a member that is attached thereto and extends outwardly therefrom. The member has a hole therethrough that is sized and configured to receive a portion of a light source therein. Many light sources are comprised of at least two parts, that are attachable to one another. A portion of one of the parts is receivable through the hole in the member and is attached to the other one of the two parts, thereby attaching the light source to the member. The clip is then attached to a support to provide a hands free light source.

Abstract: An adjustable support member for attaching fluorescent lamps to a light strip fixture body. The adjustable support member is easily adjusted to accommodate fixture bodies having a variety of widths, thereby simplifying the upgrading of existing light fixtures to use more energy efficient bulbs. The support member includes a generally planar support body having a pair of channels formed thereon, and a pair of angle brackets which may be slid into the respective channels to a desired width. The angle brackets are held at a desired width by the ratchet/pawl effect of mating detents formed on the support body and the angle brackets. The channels are formed by stamping generally L-shaped channel members integral with the support body material. A reflector having a center ridge is formed to have a mounting tab by cutting a generally U-shaped opening along the center ridge. The mounting tab is then easily flattened for attachment to the support body for installing the reflector as part of the fixture upgrade.

Abstract: A decorative lamp has a base having two ends wherefrom a first arcuate rod and a second arcuate rod integrally and respectively extend to interact to each other. A first post is connected between a first free end of the first arcuate rod and one end of the base. A second post is connected between a first free end of the second arcuate rod and the other end of the base.

Abstract: The planar light source (1) uses the principle of RGB mixing, the radiation of UV diodes (5) arranged in a planar fashion being converted by means of phosphors (7) which emit in the red and green spectral regions. The blue component is added by blue-emitting LEDs (8) whose radiation is preferably launched as a lateral diode row (9).

Abstract: A light fixture with a submersible enclosure for an electric lamp (e.g, HID lamp) is disclosed. The fixture includes a ballast for supplying power to a high intensity discharge lamp. A submersible enclosure seals the lamp from water in normal operation. The fixture includes a water-sensitive circuit having a conductance that increases in response to water that leaks into the enclosure for conducting current from the ballast and limiting the ballast voltage. Alternatively, the submersible enclosure may contain a power lead for supplying power to an electrical load such as a lamp ballast, a non-ballasted lamp, or a color wheel. The power lead includes a fuse region that corrosively reacts in the presence of leaked water in the container, so as to sufficiently wither away the fuse region and terminate power to the load. The foregoing alternative versions may advantageously be combined.

Abstract: A reflector holder is designed to retain a reflector that has a hole in one of its ends. The holder includes a base with a quick-connect connector extending from the base. In one version, the quick-connect connector includes a semi-arcuate flange member that extends from the base. The member has a pair of edges extending between the base and the outward end of the flange member and a mid-portion between the edges. The member also has a concave side and a convex side. A connection post extends from the mid-portion of the concave side of the end of the member away from the base, and terminates in an outward end. A pair of lock ears extend from the outward end of the connection post, with one ear extending toward each of the edges of the flange member. Each lock ear terminates in a locking end that is spaced from one of the edges so as to define a gap between the locking end and edge.

Abstract: An illumination device that includes at least two concentrically mounted cylinders. Mounted within the narrower cylinder is at least one light source. The cylinders are mounted such that at least one of the cylinders may be selectively rotated, by a user, about the common axis of concentricity relative to the other cylinder. Each of the cylinders further includes sections which extend along the long axis thereof, at least one of which is completely opaque and at least one of which is either semi-translucent, completely translucent, or entirely transparent. The sections of various opacities are sufficiently and appropriately sized such that, by corresponding alignments thereof, by the selective relative rotation of the cylinders, the light source within the nested cylinders may alternatively provide illumination, or be effectively covered without requiring the active turning on or off of the light source.

Abstract: A cold light emitting decoration includes a front plate made of a pliable plastic material and having a recess formed at a rear side thereof for accommodating a cold light emitting sheet and a driving circuit board therein, and a shutter sealing the cold light emitting sheet and the circuit board in the recess of the front plate. The front plate is provided with a specific design, of which some areas are cut away or kept transparent, so that cold light emitted from the cold light emitting sheet passes through the design via the cutaway or transparent areas to create a colorful and luminescent appearance for the decoration. The cold light emitting decoration provides some extent of flexibility and is therefore suitable for attaching to or sewing in differently shaped articles.

Abstract: A low cost, easy to assemble pathway reflector having a hollow, spherical light reflector element coupled to a support pole that is capable of being staked in the ground at any convenient location, such as at the entrance to driveway, along a walkway, or around an area at which caution is to be exercised, so as to reflect light from oncoming headlights, a flashlight, or even the moon to alert motorists and passersby to an upcoming feature, building or site in the landscape. The spherical reflector element has a light reflecting surface which may be a coating, paint or reflective tape. According to a first embodiment, the support pole has a threaded end which is pushed through the spherical reflector element to be detachably connected to a screw threaded end cap whereby to prevent a removal of the reflector element from the support pole.

Abstract: The invention is an illumination assembly for illuminating a large outdoor playing field with zero candela intensity at an angle of ninety degrees above nadir. The invention includes a support-receiving portion, a luminaire coupled to the support wherein each luminaire achieves full cut-off, and wherein each luminaire is coupled to the support in a way that the illumination assembly achieves full cut-off. The invention is also a method of enabling the reduction of light pollution in an outdoor environment by using at least one full cut-off luminaire. The invention is also embodied as a lighting system for illuminating a large outdoor playing field with zero candela intensity at an angle of ninety degrees above nadir, using a plurality of full cut-off illumination assemblies placed in predetermined locations about the playing field.

Abstract: A vehicle-mountable light assembly comprises a body, a power source, a light source, and an auxiliary functional unit. The body is configured to be mounted to a vehicle interior. The light source is coupled to the power source and the body and is configured to provide sustained light. The auxiliary functional unit is a non-light source unit which is coupled to the body.

Abstract: A first retainer engages with an exterior side of an interior wall member to retain a lamp unit on an interior side of the interior wall member. A second retainer engages with an exterior side of a panel body to retain the interior wall member, on which the lamp unit is mounted, on an interior side of the panel body. The second retainer includes a flexible arm having a free end portion which is flexible in a first direction parallel with the panel body and a second direction perpendicular to the panel body. The free end portion is abutted against the exterior side of the panel body when the interior wall member is mounted on the panel body. A regulator prevents the free end portion of the flexible arm from being flexed more than a predetermined amount in the second direction when the flexible arm is not flexed in the first direction.

Abstract: A sliding roof for a motor vehicle comprises a shiftable cover arranged for opening and closing a vehicle roof and at least one electrical light source attached to the cover.

Abstract: A lamp for a vehicle includes a light-conducting element. The light-conducting element has at least one light in-coupling element arranged between two adjacent light out-coupling elements. A light source is associated with a light in-coupling surface of the light in-coupling element. At least two light-diverting surfaces of the light in-coupling element are associated with respective ones of the light out-coupling elements. The light-diverting surfaces serve to divert light beams radiated from the light source into the respective light out-coupling elements. The light-diverting surfaces of the light in-coupling elements are convexed, or curved, outwardly and have a common focus position for the light source.

Abstract: An irradiating direction control device 1 of a lamp 7 for a vehicle carries out an operation for a vehicle attitude based on detection information obtained by vehicle height detecting means 2 and changes the irradiating direction of the lamp according to the vehicle attitude. Nonvolatile storage means 4 is caused to store data indicate of an actual vehicle height value in the reference state of the vehicle attitude or a difference between the actual vehicle height value and a vehicle height value for a vehicle design, thereby calculating the tilt of the vehicle attitude based on vehicle height data corrected by the stored data at time of irradiation control and controlling the irradiating direction of the lamp correspondingly.

Abstract: A light-guiding plate has an incidence surface, an end surface formed on the side opposed to the incidence surface, and an optical surface having a surface opposed to the emission surface. The optical surface is constituted by a large number of continuous optical elements, each optical element having a curved surface which refracts part of light introduced from the incidence surface toward the end surface at a low angle along a plane parallel to the emission surface, and an inclined surface which refracts part of light refracted by the curved surface toward the emission surface.

Abstract: A spread illuminating apparatus combined with a liquid crystal display via a frame has a reduced thickness as a whole, thereby realizing a natural liquid crystal display image. A light conductive plate has its peripheral portion fitted in a groove of the frame, and a lamp disposed on a side surface of the light conductive plate is housed in the frame. A top side portion of the liquid crystal display is fitted into a cut-away portion of the frame by a predetermined dimension, and a space between a bottom surface of the light conductive plate and a top surface of the liquid crystal display is reduced, whereby the thickness of the entire apparatus is reduced by a dimension of the liquid crystal display fitted into the frame compared with that of the conventional configuration in which the frame is superimposed on the top surface of the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: An illumination system previously determined for an illumination direction and an illumination position to an object to be observed is disposed to an imaging head, while a lens 4 is disposed to an apparatus body, so that the number of parts for the imaging head mounted to an apparatus body can be reduced, precision fabrication such as alignment of lens optical axis is no more necessary upon manufacture of the imaging head and optimum illumination can be illuminated in accordance with the magnification ratio or the object to be observed by merely exchanging the imaging head, illumination light optimal to the magnification ratio or object to be observed can be obtained with no provision of various kinds of expositive lens units.

Abstract: The circuit arrangement for transmitting real power from a DC voltage side to AC voltage-side connections has a first power converter (4) with load connections (5), in series with each of which second power converters (7) with a lower intermediate-circuit capacitor voltage are connected. This makes it possible to achieve finer voltage graduation of a sum voltage at the AC voltage-side connections (10). According to the invention, the second power converters (7) do not have their own real power supplies. There is thus no need for the previously used rectifiers for supplying the second power converters (7).

Abstract: A DC-DC voltage converter comprises a controller, two switches, a transformer and two rectifying diodes. The transformer has a first winding, a second winding and a center tap. Input voltage in connected between the center tap and ground. An anode of each diode is connected to the outer ends of the two windings and the cathodes of the two diodes are connected together to provide a positive output with respect to ground. Each switch is connected between an outer end of one windings and ground. The controller generates control signals to turn the switches on and off for limited periods of time in phase opposition to alternately connect the outer ends of the first and second winding to ground to cause current to flow alternatively in one of the windings and induce a voltage in the other winding that is additive to the input voltage, thereby providing an output voltage greater than the input voltage.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to an uninterruptible power supply for providing AC power to a load. In embodiments of the present invention, the uninterruptible power supply includes an input to receive AC power from an AC power source, an output that provides AC power, a DC voltage source that provides DC power, the DC voltage source having an energy storage device, an inverter operatively coupled to the DC voltage source to receive DC power and to provide AC power.

Abstract: Power compensation is provided from a power compensation device to a utility power network carrying a nominal voltage. The power compensation device has a steady-state power delivery characteristic. The power compensation is provided by detecting a change of a predetermined magnitude in the nominal voltage on the utility power network and controlling the power compensation device to deliver, for a first period of time and in response to the detected change in the nominal voltage, reactive power to the utility power network. The power compensation device is controlled to deliver, for a second period of time following the first period of time, reactive power to the utility power network at a level that is a factor N(N>1) greater than the steady-state power delivery characteristic of the power compensation device.

Abstract: According to a switching-type DC-DC converter of the present invention, a switching element (MOSFET, etc.) on the primary side for converting a DC input voltage into an AC voltage is subjected to switching operation according to a first control signal of a fixed frequency and a fixed ON/OFF ratio, and also a switching element (MOSFET, etc.) on the secondary side for rectifying the AC voltage is subjected to switching operation according to a second control signal in synchronism with a delay signal obtained by delaying the first control signal by a predetermined period of time, to realize a so-called zero-cross switch in the switching element on the primary side. Thus, the power loss due to a response time of the switching element is decreased.

Abstract: An on-vehicle DC-DC converter prevents radio disturbance in a car radio, while simplifying the filters on the input side and the output side of the DC-DC converter. The on-vehicle DC-DC converter, which converts the voltage of a first DC power supply to the voltage of a second power supply, provides a switching frequency that is obtained by reducing the oscillation frequency of a quartz oscillator and can be set at 135 kHz for use with AM broadcasts having the frequency interval of 10 kHz or set at (n+0.5) times as high as the frequency interval of 9 kHz for use with AM broadcasts having the frequency interval of 9 kHz, between the adjacent AM broadcast waves receivable by a car radio mounted on a vehicle, n being a positive integer.

Abstract: In order to control a converter (1) which is used to convert a primary input voltage (UE) into a secondary output voltage (Ua), a voltage value (Uv) derived from a secondarily detected real voltage (U1st) is compared with a reference value (UR), and a control signal (Sa) is produced as a criterion which triggers the disconnection of said converter (1) if said reference value is exceeded. The voltage value (Uv) or the reference value (UR) is manipulated during a monitoring phase in such a way that said parameter is met.

Abstract: Switching devices conjointly use snubber circuits without disposing for each switching device and is interposed between a DC neutral point N and a positive terminal plate of a DC power source. A second snubber circuit is interposed between the DC neutral point N and a negative plate terminal of a DC power source. A third snubber circuit is interposed between the DC neutral point N and an AC output terminal O. The snubber circuit suppresses the rise of the voltage when each switching device shifts from ON to OFF. The snubber circuit clamps a voltage applied to the switching device when this voltage exceeds the power source voltage during the process in which the switching device shifts from ON to OFF. The snubber circuit clamps a voltage applied to the switching device or when this voltage exceeds the power source voltage during the process.

Abstract: A test mode control circuit detects designation of a test mode in accordance with a combination of external control signals and address signals, and activates an internal period setting circuit. Internal period setting circuit generates a clock signal having a prescribed period when activated, and applies it to a control circuit. In accordance with the test mode designating signal from test mode setting circuit and the clock signal from internal period setting circuit, control circuit causes an internal address generating circuit to generate an internal address signal successively in synchronization with the clock signal, so that a word line of a memory array is selected.

Abstract: A memory array includes a sensing circuit for sensing bit line current while keeping the voltage of the selected bit line substantially unchanged. The word lines and bit lines are biased so that essentially no bias voltage is impressed across half-selected memory cells, which substantially eliminates leakage current through half-selected memory cells. The bit line current which is sensed arises largely from only the current through the selected memory cell. A noise detection line in the memory array reduces the effect of coupling from unselected word lines to the selected bit line. In a preferred embodiment, a three-dimensional memory array having a plurality of rail-stacks forming bit lines on more than one layer, includes at least one noise detection line associated with each layer of bit lines. A sensing circuit is connected to a selected bit line and to its associated noise detection line.

Abstract: A very high density field programmable memory is disclosed. An array is formed vertically above a substrate using several layers, each layer of which includes vertically fabricated memory cells. The cell in an N level array may be formed with N+1 masking steps plus masking steps needed for contacts. Maximum use of self alignment techniques minimizes photolithographic limitations. In one embodiment the peripheral circuits are formed in a silicon substrate and an N level array is fabricated above the substrate.

Abstract: A ferroelectric memory device and method for reading such a device utilize capacitive coupling between a bit line and sense amplifier. The gain depends on a capacitance ratio rather than the absolute value of a capacitor. Ratiometric gain control reduces the gain variability of a sense amplifier, thereby allowing more accurate sensing. Attenuating the signal from an active bit line eliminates the need for high voltage devices in a sense amplifier arrangement.

Abstract: There is provided a ferroelectric memory capable of sufficiently reading information on remnant polarization. The ferroelectric memory comprises: a memory cell array wherein memory cells, each of which comprises a ferroelectric capacitor and a transistor, are arranged and wherein word lines for selecting the memory cells, plate lines for applying a driving voltage to one end of the ferroelectric capacitor, and bit lines, to which the other end of the ferroelectric capacitor is selectively connected, are provided; and a sense amplifier for detecting and amplifying a signal which is read out from the ferroelectric capacitor to the bit line, and further comprises a bit line voltage control circuit for dropping a voltage of a bit line, from which a signal is read out, by a coupling capacitor during a data reading operation before the sense amplifier circuit is operated.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device is provided including plural memory cells and capable of a dual port access. In the memory device the memory cell is composed with two driver transistors 1, two load transistors 2, and two access transistors 3, and in the data read, the word line 11 makes the access transistors 3 conductive to read out data held in the driver transistors to a pair of the bit lines, and in the data write, the load transistor control line makes the load transistors conductive to write data into the driver transistors from a pair of the memory cell VCC lines.

Abstract: In a tunneling magneto-resistance element, first and second free magnetic layers have a magnetization direction according to storage data. The first and second magnetic layers are arranged with an intermediate layer interposed therebetween. The intermediate layer is formed from a non-magnetic conductor. In data write operation, a data write current having a direction according to a write data level is supplied to the intermediate layer. A magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the intermediate layer magnetizes the first and second free magnetic layers with a looped manner.

Abstract: A memory cell is formed by an FET, a gate of which is connected to the word line and a drain of which is connected to the bit line; a capacitor, one end of which is connected to a source of the FET and the other end of which is connected to a first power supply; a first negative differential resistance element provided between the word line and the source of the FET; and a second negative differential resistance element provided between the source of the FET and a second power supply.

Abstract: Structures and methods for making a magnetic structure are discussed. Various embodiments increase a magnetic field to unambiguously select a magnetic memory cell structure. One method includes folding a current line into two portions around a magnetic memory cell structure. Each portion contributes its magnetic flux to increase the magnetic field to unambiguously select the magnetic memory cell structure. Another method increases the flux density by reducing a cross-sectional area of a portion of the current line, wherein the portion of the current line is adjacent to the to the magnetic memory cell structure.