Abstract: In a Maximum A posteriori Probability decoding (MAP decoding), a correlation and a deviation of noises for past and future states which depend on input signal patterns in past N bits and future Q bits are calculated by training by a noise correlation arithmetic operating unit 84 and they are stored. Upon reproduction, in a white noise arithmetic operating unit 91, white noise values for the past and future states in which colored noises are converted into white noises are obtained by using the stored correlation and deviation of the noises. In an input signal arithmetic operating unit 92, an input signal (channel information) &Lgr;c(yk|Smk) of the MAP decoding is calculated from the white noise values and the deviation for the past and future states. A likelihood in the MAP decoding is obtained from the input signal.

Abstract: In a high-frequency impedance type magnetic head having high impedance and capable of efficiently detecting a change in impedance, an electrically conductive metal film is sandwiched between two soft magnetic films, and the two soft magnetic films form a portion of a magnetic path. The thickness of one soft magnetic film is smaller than the thickness of the other soft magnetic film. The electrically conductive metal thin film has a pair of electrodes at respective ends thereof, to which are connected an oscillator for applying a high frequency carrier signal to the electrodes and a high frequency amplifier having a demodulator circuit. Further, an electrically conductive metal film winding is provided, and a DC current is applied to the electrically conductive metal film winding at the time of reproduction, while on the other hand, a signal current is applied to the electrically conductive metal film winding at the time of recording.

Abstract: An information storing device and an information processing device having a memory for registering a plurality of working modes at recording/reproduction and a switching circuit for selecting one of the plurality of working modes, which select the optimum working mode automatically or by an instruction of an operator according to power supply capacity of a device of higher rank to effect recording/reproduction.

Abstract: A method of centralized data position information storage comprising the steps of arranging a byte stream of data into partitioned logical data, providing an updateable centralized storage area being operable to store data position information relating to the logical data, utilizing the information to locate a target data and storing the data position information in the storage area using a first algorithm applied to the target data to update the storage area with target data position information and using a second algorithm applied to a non-target data to update the storage area with non-target data position information such that data position information is accumulated in the centralized storage area when a target data is located and accessed.

Abstract: A processor processes data read from plural data tracks on a data-containing medium. The data tracks include markers. The processor determines if markers are detected in a predetermined number of the tracks within a predetermined time interval starting with detection of a first marker. In first and second embodiments, the number equals all the read tracks and less than all the read tracks. In the second embodiment, the processor asserts the markers into the data associated with the tracks that do not have detected markers.

Abstract: A method of detecting a leak of low-density gas from an enclosure containing a rotating storage disc includes monitoring a signal which varies in response to variations in the concentration of the low-density gas in the enclosure. Additional quantities of the low-density gas are added to the enclosure when the monitored signal indicates that the concentration has dropped below a predetermined level. Monitoring the concentration of the low-density gas may include monitoring actual concentration levels of the gas using a pressure sensor located within the enclosure or monitoring disc mode vibration amplitudes using an accelerometer attached to the enclosure. Indirect monitoring of the vibration amplitudes may also be accomplished using sensors such as a laser Doppler vibrometer, a capacitance probe or the servo head position feedback circuitry found within a disc drive or a dedicated servo track writer.

Abstract: In order to position a rotary actuator, a positioning device is coupled to the actuator. The positioning device has a coupling shaft and springs which respectively surround top and bottom portions of the shaft and are coupled thereto by respective coupling rings. The springs apply oppositely directed torques to the shaft such that one spring urges the shaft in a clockwise direction towards a stop position and the other spring urges the shaft in a anticlockwise direction towards that stop position. The stop position corresponds to an intermediate rotary position of the actuator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for improved position error signal (PES) demodulation in the presence of thermal baseline wander. A plurality of samples is obtained within each period of a burst signal for each servo burst in a servo sequence. A difference value is identified between a largest sample value and a smallest sample value of the plurality of samples within each period of the burst signal. The difference values for each period of the burst signal for each servo burst in the servo sequence are summed to produce a burst sum value for each servo burst. Then the burst sum values are used to identify a position error signal (PES) value. The identified PES value is independent of any transient baseline voltage offset disturbances, for example, resulting from the occurrence of baseline wander offset, such as caused by a thermal asperity (TA), in the servo sectors.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer program product for linearizing a position error signal of a transducer in a hard disk drive. In one embodiment, a disk including a first plurality of tracks each includes first and second servo bursts defining a track reference line, and a second plurality of the first plurality of tracks on the disk each includes third and fourth servo bursts defining a second plurality of different position offsets from the track reference line of the second plurality of tracks. Each of the second plurality of different position offsets being at a different value than any other position offset. The second plurality is no greater than the first plurality. The second plurality of different position offsets are used for linearizing a position error signal.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a disk drive for storing and retrieving data is disclosed. The method and system include providing a housing, a motor, a head, an actuator, a flex circuit having electronics including at least one integrated circuit and an external electrical interface. The housing has a cavity therein. The motor is coupled with a disk that stores the data and is for spinning the disk. The actuator is coupled with the head and is for moving the head between the inner and outer recording radii of the disk. The electronics are coupled with the head. The electronics are for controlling the actuator and the head and for providing a write signal to and a read signal from the head. The disk, the motor, the head, the actuator, and the electronics are contained within the cavity of the housing. The housing and the external electrical interface are compatible with a reduced size standard.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a disk drive that comprises at least one head carrying assembly that includes an actuator arm, a suspension attached to the actuator arm, and a head carried by the suspension. Each head is positioned upstream of its actuator arm. This reversed-flow orientation reduces head vibration and disk power requirements.

Abstract: The invention fabricates a perpendicular recording head eliminating influence of external magnetic field and provides a magnetic disk drive having high stability by using the magnetic recording head and constructs a structure in which shield against external magnetic field is formed from a main pole via a gap layer and an edge portion thereof is recessed from a surface against a medium. By providing the shield against the external magnetic field, the influence of the external magnetic field is restrained and by recessing the edge from the surface against the medium, leakage of magnetic field from the shield against the external magnetic field to the medium is prevented to thereby prevent a magnetization signal from being erased.

Abstract: A write head for writing information bits to magnetic storage media comprises a first write pole for producing a first magnetic field in a first direction and a second write pole for producing a second magnetic field such that the combined field from the two poles lies either substantially along the first direction or in a second direction that is substantially orthogonal to the first direction. The second write pole includes a free layer having magnetization controlled by spin transfer torque, and a first spacer positioned between the free layer and the first write pole. The write head can further include a pinned layer and a second spacer positioned between the pinned layer and the free layer. A disc drive that includes the write head and a method of writing to magnetic storage media that utilizes the write head are also included.

Abstract: A recording and reproducing separation type magnetic head has a recording head with an upper core and a lower core that writes information on a magnetic disk and a reproducing head with an upper magnetic film and a lower magnetic film, as sealed layers, that reads the information from the magnetic disk. A thickness of the upper part of the upper core is less than a thickness of the tip minute of the upper core. The magnetic head has excellent overwriting performance and achieves high speed transfer.

Abstract: In a magnetic tape cartridge comprising a thin cartridge casing having flat upper and lower surfaces and a single reel which is housed in the cartridge casing for rotation and around which a magnetic tape is wound, island-like or point-like projections are provided at least three places of the lower surfaces of the cartridge casing near the leading edge and the trailing edge of the cartridge casing as viewed in the direction X of insertion of the magnetic tape cartridge in a recording and reproducing apparatus and recesses which are adapted to be engaged with the projections are provided on the upper surface of the cartridge casing so that, when a plurality of the magnetic tape cartridges are stacked, the projections and the recesses of the cartridge casings of magnetic tape cartridges which are just above and below each other are engaged with each other, whereby the magnetic tape cartridges are prevented from being displaced with respect to each other when a plurality of magnetic tape cartridges are stacked

Abstract: This invention is directed to a tape cassette in which a tape body is wound across a pair of tape reels rotatably supported by the cassette body. At the cassette body, there are provided a first write protect mechanism provided in correspondence with the position where there is provided a write protect mechanism provided at other tape cassette loaded with compatibility with respect to a recording/reproducing apparatus into which tape cassette is loaded, and a second write protect mechanism provided at the position which is not in correspondence with the position where write protect mechanism provided at the other tape cassette is provided, wherein the first write protect mechanism is in write protect state at all times.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards air-bearing sliders that are used in disk drives. The invention involves pitching a slider so that the leading portion of the slider is closer to the disk than the trailing portion of the slider. The negative pitch reduces the sensitivity of the slider to ambient air pressure, radial position, and to data accessing over the disk. When used in combination with a reverse-flow disk drive, negatively pitched sliders facilitate the routing of traces to the head.

Abstract: A rotary magnetic head device includes a stationary drum; a rotary drum having a rotary magnetic head; a rotor of a motor fixed to the rotary drum; a support shaft for pivotally supporting the rotary drum, the support shaft having a receiving face; a radial bearing for receiving a radial load, interposed between the rotary drum and the support shaft; a thrust bearing for receiving a thrust load, being slidably put on the receiving face; an urging member for urging the thrust bearing against the receiving face by pushing the rotary drum downward; and a reverse L-shaped support fixed to the stationary drum. The urging member is supported by the reverse L-shaped support and arranged on the rotary drum.

Abstract: A thin-film includes an inductive element and a first and second magneto-resistive effect elements in which the first and second magneto-resistive effect elements are arranged in proximity to each other on a substrate, and one surface of the substrate perpendicular to the surface formed with the first and second magneto-resistive effect elements constitutes a slider surface, thereby providing appropriate hight of the magneto-resistive effect elements.

Abstract: The possibility of shorting between a spin valve and its underlying magnetic shield layer can be largely eliminated by choosing the bottom spin valve structure. However, doing so causes the hard longitudinal bias that is standard for all such devices to degrade. The present invention overcomes this problem by inserting a thin NiCr, Ni, Fe, or Cr layer between the antiferromagnetic layer and the longitudinal bias layers. This provides a smoother surface for the bias layers to be deposited onto, thereby removing structural distortions to the longitudinal bias layer that would otherwise be present. A process for manufacturing the structure is also described.

Abstract: A magnetic transducing element in which a ferromagnetic tunneling junction film, including first and second ferromagnetic layers and an insulating layer are enclosed between the ferromagnetic layers, and a nonmagnetic metal thin film is inserted between the second ferromagnetic layer and the insulating layer, is formed on a substrate.

Abstract: A magnetic transducer (head) according to the invention includes a free layer structure comprising two free layers exchange coupled across a thin spacer structure of comprising two spacer layers of nonmagnetic material separated by a ferromagnetic nano-oxide layer (NOL). The spacer layers prevent the NOL from unnecessarily hardening the free layer(s). The spacer layers are preferably copper or copper oxide. The spacer layers preserve the NOL's property of specular scattering of conduction electrons which tends to increase the magnetoresistive response. A free layer structure including the exchange coupling spacer structure of the invention can be used in a dual spin valve configuration, but is also useful in a single spin valve configuration. The free layer of the invention is useful in conduction in-plane (CIP), as well as, conduction perpendicular to the plane (CPP) devices.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for protecting an electric source adapted to power an electric member comprising a control unit (6) adapted to deliver a signal(8) representing the availability of the electric source (2), to a control unit (10). The unit (10) determines an operating mode of the electric member (4) wherein the power consumption of the electric member is a function of the availability signal (8) received from the control unit (6). The electric source (2) can power directly the electric member (4) and the control unit (10) can act on the electric member itself. The control unit (10) can also be interposed between the electric source (2) and the electric member (4) to modify at least one characteristic of the current powering the electric member.

Abstract: The invention provides a new hybrid 4-in-1 power controller chip for a PC mainboard which integrates a synchronous buck switching regulator to supply the CPU core voltage, a standard buck switching regulator for I/O circuits, a linear controller for the GTL bus, and a linear regulator with built-in pass transistor for a clock generator. On this basis, a hybrid power system for a PC mainboard is constructed.

Abstract: The invention provides a way of protecting a differential pair of transistors by providing a current path between input terminals of the transistors, while limiting the voltage across reversed biased junctions of the transistors. The invention also allows a larger swing of input voltage at the input terminals of the transistors. According to the present invention, an electrostatic discharge protection circuit is provided for protecting a differential pair of transistors. Each transistor includes first and second terminals and an input terminal. The second terminals of the transistors are connected to each other. The circuit comprises a pair of bypassing circuits and a clamping circuit. Each bypassing circuit is connected in parallel with a junction formed by the input and second terminals of an associated one of the transistors to limit a voltage across the junction when the junction is reverse biased.

Abstract: A circuit protection device suitable for welding to a battery terminal or other substrate without adverse affects caused by weld splatter. The device contains a laminar PTC resistive element, e.g. made from a conductive polymer composition, sandwiched between first and second electrodes. A first electrical lead has a first attachment portion having an attachment surface which is attached to the first electrode, a first connection portion which can be connected to an electrical circuit and is spaced away from the PTC element, and a first barrier portion. The first barrier portion is positioned on the first lead between the first attachment and first connection portions and extends toward the second electrode. During resistance welding, the barrier portion prevents weld splatter from contacting the PTC resistive element.

Abstract: An ESD protective triggering circuit for a triggering circuit for a solid state ESD protective device. The arrangement is to provide a controlled current to the protective device that triggers the device so that the device snaps-back and additionally the triggering device enables the parasitic transistor to participate in the draining of the ESD current. The triggering circuit also terminates the current to the protective device when the ESD voltage starts to fall. The triggering circuit can be used in any computer controlled electronics system.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a surge arrestor having a middle electrode and at least one outer electrode, in which an electrically conductive spring clip is secured to the middle electrode and exerts a spring power on the outer electrode; in which an electrical component part th is non-conductive at the trigger voltage of the surge arrestor and generates heat given a flow of current is arranged between the spring clip and the outer electrode; in which the spring clip lies against an electrically conductive contract element that is secured to a spacer element using a fusible mass and that is spaced from the outer electrode; and in which, when the fusible mass melts, the contract element is pressed against the outer electrode by the spring clip. The trigger mechanism has the advantage that it reacts very quickly and thereby reduces the formation of sparks and the fire hazard as well.

Abstract: An actuator has an actuating element and an actuating drive with an electromagnet with a coil. An armature, which can be coupled to the actuating element, can move between a first contact surface on the electromagnet and a second contact surface. An initial current or a higher holding current flows through the coil until a time at which the armature plate is reliably in contact with the contact surface of the electromagnet. An operating state of high-speed current reduction is then selected, wherein the opposite polarity of the supply voltage in comparison to the initial current flow is applied to the coil. A holding current then flows through the coil.

Abstract: A dispenser having a reservoir for holding a web characterized by a web dielectric constant and a charging station for charging the web by tribocharging when the web is removed from the reservoir. The charging station has a first charging strip includes a first material having a first dielectric constant different from the web dielectric constant and a contact mechanism for pressing web against the charging strip as the web is removed from the reservoir. The contact mechanism may include a second charging strip having a second material with a second dielectric constant different from the web dielectric constant, the web passing between the first and second charging strips.

Abstract: The present invention provides a capacitor having a plurality of layers of aluminum foil connected to a first electrical terminal of the capacitor and another plurality of layers of aluminum foil connected to a second electrical terminal of the capacitor. The layers of aluminum foil are separated by a polymer such as a conductive organic polymer, so that each layer of polymer physically separates a layer of aluminum foil connected to the first terminal from a layer of aluminum foil connected to the second terminal. In some such embodiments the aluminum foil may be etched to provide greater surface area and capacitance, and also may be oxidized to form a dielectric layer.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic electronic device having a dielectric body formed by stacking a plurality of dielectric sheets. Two types of internal electrodes are alternately arranged inside the dielectric body via dielectric sheets. Each internal electrode is formed with a lead part led out straddling three side surfaces of the dielectric body. Two terminal electrodes are arranged at outer surfaces of the dielectric body. Each terminal electrode is arranged at the outer surface of the dielectric body straddling three side surfaces of the dielectric body, is connected to either of the two types of internal conductors, and is insulated from the other. In this multilayer ceramic electronic device, the ESL can be greatly reduced. This multilayer ceramic electronic device is used for example as a decoupling capacitor.

Abstract: One object of the present invention is to provide an electrostatic chuck which allows sufficiently rapid temperature rising/dropping thereof, in case that the diameter of a ceramic substrate is 190 mm or more or especially in case that the diameter of the ceramic substrate is quite large, exceeding 300 mm. The present invention discloses an electrostatic chuck comprising: a ceramic substrate equipped with a temperature controlling means; an electrostatic electrode formed on the ceramic substrate; and a ceramic dielectric film provided on the electrostatic electrode, wherein: the ceramic substrate has a diameter exceeding 190 mm and a thickness of 20 mm or less; and the ceramic dielectric film contains oxygen in an amount of 0.1 to 20 weight %.

Abstract: In a capacitor comprising a pair of electrodes and a dielectric substance intervening between the two electrodes, one of the electrodes is composed of sintered niobium nitride. Preferably, the dielectric substance is composed of niobium oxide and the electrode other than the electrode composed of sintered niobium nitride is composed of an ingredient selected from electrolytes, organic semiconductors and inorganic semiconductors. This capacitor has good environmental stability and good leak current characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention is a module insertion tool. The module insertion tool has two drivers on either side that operate independently of each other, and help in anchoring the module to a motherboard. There is a knob that is connected to a chain that turns the drivers until a preset torque value is reached. Since the two drivers are independent of each other, each driver turns until the preset torque value on its side is reached. This preset torque value can be obtained by either manually turning the knob, or by attaching an electric source to a socket built into the knob. There are three locators on a bottom plate that help in the alignment of the module, and there are locking pins on each driver that hold the module stationary while it is being anchored to the motherboard.

Abstract: An electrochemical capacitor includes a polymer thin film, a liquid electrolyte absorbed in the polymer thin film, and thin flexible active electrode layers constituting anode and cathode composed of energy dense material of high intrinsic surface area positioned at either side of the electrolyte-retaining polymer thin film to tightly sandwich it between the electrode layers. In one embodiment, the capacitor includes a polymer electrolyte in which a polymer thin film is cast from the base polymer and impregnated with the electrolyte solution, which contains a salt for ionic conduction. In another embodiment, the base polymer material includes an ionically conducting polymer, a perfluorocarbon polymer backbone to which sulfonic acid sites are permanently anchored. The energy dense material of the electrode layers may be physically mixed with battery active material to enhance the capacity and discharge time of the capacitor.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor element including a capacitance forming portion; an encapsulating resin with which the capacitance forming portion is coated; an anode terminal and a cathode terminal that are provided such that at least a part thereof is outside the encapsulating resin; and a lead. The capacitor element includes an anode, and a dielectric layer and a solid electrolytic layer that are laminated on a portion of the anode in this order. The lead is electrically connected to the solid electrolytic layer. The surface of at least one component selected from the anode and the lead has roughness in at least one connection portion selected from a connection portion between the anode and the anode terminal and a connection portion between the lead and the cathode terminal.

Abstract: A substrate holding device for holding a ceramic substrate. The substrate holding device includes a receiving member and a clamping jaw which have respective contact surfaces brought into contact with the ceramic substrate, wherein the contact surfaces are constituted by elastically deformable portions. A variable flow regulator valve and an electromagnetically-operated proportional control valve are provided between an air source and a clamp cylinder which actuates the clamping jaws. A flow rate of air supplied to the clamp cylinder is controlled by the variable flow regulator valve and a control device which controls the variable flow regulator valve, such that movement velocity of the clamping jaws is gradually reduced in a final stage of the forward movement of the clamping jaw toward the receiving member.

Abstract: A keyboard comprising a left and a right keyboard portion which are intended to be operated on a respective operation side by a left hand and right hand, respectively, wherein the operation side (7, 8) of each keyboard portion (5, 6) includes an angle in the range of about 60-150 degrees with a horizontal plane, the keyboard (1) being provided with left and right supporting means (13, 14; 15) for supporting the left and right hand, respectively, during operation of the respective keyboard portion (5, 6), the supporting means (13, 14; 15) being arranged to permit during use a substantially horizontal displacement of the hands supported thereon relative to the respective keyboard portion (5, 6).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a network chassis having a system backplane board, a subassembly backplane board, and at least one connector disposed on each of the system backplane board and subassembly backplane board for electrically connecting the system backplane board to the subassembly backplane board. The chassis includes a mounting mechanism for rotatably coupling the system backplane board to the chassis and defining a path of rotation therefor, and an ejection mechanism mounted to the system backplane board to unseat the connector of the system backplane board from the connector of the subassembly backplane board. The ejection mechanism selectively exerts a force against the chassis that is directed linearly outwardly from and perpendicularly to the system backplane board. The ejection mechanism further comprises a fastener for releasably engaging the system backplane board to the chassis.

Abstract: A portable computing device has two bodies and a central processing unit (CPU) to control the portable computing device. Each body has a contact surface, a rotation axle disposed along a side of the contact surface, and a display panel for displaying images. The two bodies are rotationally connected to each other by the rotation axles such that the two contact surfaces of the bodies are capable of rotating along the respective rotation axles to contact each other. When the two bodies contact each other, the respective two display panels are both hidden.

Abstract: The present invention provides an assembly frame of computer housing capable of rotating and positioning, which comprises a frame body, a first assembly frame, a second assembly frame, a slide structure, and a retaining device. The first assembly frame is fixedly locked in the frame body. The second assembly frame is pivotally joined on the frame body. Through sliding of the slide structure, the second assembly frame can be turned over outwards to facilitate assembly or disassembly for a computer maintenance man. Contrarily, the second assembly frame can reach a predetermined position to let the second assembly frame be hooked on the first assembly frame through retaining of the retaining device, thereby achieving the object of positioning.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus that prevents/minimizes cracking in the ceramic body of processors. The ability to prevent/minimize cracking can ensure successful operation and substantially increase processor lifetime. The present invention discloses a device for maintaining a microprocessor in a desired relationship with a printed wiring board while limiting the transmission of shock and vibrational motion to and from the processor includes a printed wiring board, a processor, and a dynamic isolating mount compressed between the printed wiring board and the processor, wherein the processor maintains the dynamic isolating mount in a compressed state such that the dynamic isolating mount bears on the printed wiring board.

Abstract: A computer includes a body having a module bay formed therein. A module is removably mounted in the bay. A latch actuator is mounted on the module for movement between a first position and a second position. A first movable catch member extends from a first surface of the module into engagement with the body of the computer and a second movable catch member extends from a second surface of the module into engagement with the body of the computer. A first flexible member interconnects the first catch member and the latch actuator. A second flexible member interconnects the second catch member and the latch actuator. As a result, movement of the latch actuator from the first position to the second position, moves the first and second flexible members and retracts the first and second catch members out of engagement with the body of the computer.

Abstract: A computer chassis includes a media access door mounted on a first surface of the chassis. The door is movable between a closed position and an open position. A first hinge portion connects the door to the chassis and permits the door to move in a rotating motion to a first open position. A second hinge portion connects the door to the chassis and permits the door to move in a translating motion along side a second surface of the chassis adjacent the first surface.

Abstract: A toggle heat sink clip assembly includes a support base having a first end and a second end opposite the first end. A spring member has a first end and a second end, the first end of the spring member being pivotally attached to the first end of the support base. A rigid handle has a first end and a second end, the first end of the handle being pivotally attached to the second end of the support base. A rigid pivot member has a first end and a second end, the first end of the pivot member being pivotally attached to the second end of the spring member, and the second end of the pivot member being pivotally attached to a mid portion of the handle. The clip is movable to a locked position whereby a heat sink is retained in secured engagement with a microprocessor in a computer chassis.

Abstract: A cooling fan apparatus includes a plastic housing and an electric fan. The housing containing the fan is mounted directly on the external surface of equipment being cooled. No separate mounting frame is utilized. The modular fan apparatus is on-line replaceable and is useful with other units to provide cooling fan redundancy. Preferably, a filtered electrical connector and a light emitting diode are integrated with the housing.

Abstract: A CPU heat sink with fan fitting hole includes a heat sink with a plurality numbers of vertical heat dissipating plates on top, the heat sink is fastened to a CPU socket with a fastener. A fan is mounted on top of the heat sink. The vertical heat dissipating plates of the heat sink has a fitting hole on top center; a plurality numbers of bases are equipped on the bottom of the fan. The fastener spans over the vertical heat dissipating plates and fixes the heat sink firmly first, then the fan is fixed on the bottom of the fitting hole of the heat sink by screws pass through the bases. Such scheme can reduce the height of the whole structure; the heat dissipation effect can be more efficiency.

Abstract: A memory heat sink device includes a heat sink piece and a clamp member, wherein a retaining portion is disposed at the upper end rim of the heat sink to assemble two heat sink pieces and to make a space on the inner side for receiving a memory; a position limiting slot is disposed on the outer lateral plane with a retainer hole at the upper end thereof for hooking a reverse hook of the clamp member; a guide hole is disposed at the upper end of the retaining hole; the upper end rim connects with the guide hole bends to form a bearing retainer seat; the clamp member placed across the bearing retainer seat clamps two heat sink pieces to press the opening end into the position limiting slot, thereby the reverse hook and the retainer hole are fixedly hooked to easily assemble a heat sink device.

Abstract: A covering element for covering subassemblies having a substrate and at least one component disposed thereon and to be protected, in particular, a semiconductor component, includes at least one substantially planar area for covering the at least one component to be protected, one or more moldings serving for mechanical support, at least one of the moldings being in contact with the substrate and/or a supporting element disposed on the substrate after the covering element has been mounted on the subassembly, and the planar area and the molding being disposed such that, in the event of pressure on the covering element, no displacement of the at least one component (4) to be protected occurs.