Abstract: Distributed compression of a data file can comprise a master server module for breaking the data file into data blocks and for transmitting the data blocks to worker server modules. A first worker server module can compress a first data block using a first compression algorithm, resulting in a first compressed data block. A second worker server module can compress the second data block using a second compression algorithm, resulting in a second compressed data block. The first and second compression algorithms can comprise the same algorithm or different algorithms. An archive module can save the first and second compressed data blocks in an archive file for storage or for transmission over a communication network. The worker server modules also can compress the respective data blocks using multiple compression algorithms and can choose the highest compressed result.

Abstract: A zero transition voltage and a full transition voltage are inputted into the A/D converter, digital converted values of these voltages are fed back to a device fluctuation correction circuit and H side and L side reference voltages AVRH and AVRL are determined so as to obtain digital outputs corresponding to the respective transition voltages. Also, the digital output of the A/D converter is fed back to a high resolution corresponding circuit and a difference between AVRL and AVRH is decreased to be half as before by changing AVRL or AVRH according to an analog input voltage applied to the A/D converter and A/D conversion is performed again. By repeating this operation, significant bit values are obtained. A merge circuit merges the significant bit values with less significant bit values outputted from the A/D converter.

Abstract: In OCDM systems, optical signals have hitherto been transmitted to the receiving end in the optical transmission channel assigned at the transmitting end. This type of transmission is rigid and makes possible only simple network topologies, such as, for example, point-to-point. The object of the invention is to make possible a flexible allocation of channels. The code converter according to the invention serves to convert an optical signal from a first optical transmission channel to a second optical transmission channel, comprises a first optical filter for filtering the first optical transmission channel, an optical broadband source and a second optical filter for filtering the second optical transmission channel.

Abstract: A multiplexed signal processor is described as having an input circuit for receiving multiple input signals. A modulator processes a selected input signal to produce a representative digital output. The modulator includes an integrator that integrates the difference between the selected input signal and a feedback signal representative of the digital output. A signal control circuit selects in turn by time division multiplexing each input signal for a processing period as the selected input signal, and stores the digital output and the integrator state at the end of each processing period. After an initial processing period for each input signal, each processing period begins based on the digital output and the integrator state from the end of the previous processing period for that input signal.

Abstract: A scrambling or encryption method involves analog-to-digital, digital-to-analog, analog-to-analog or digital-to-digital conversions that are constructed from one or more analog-to-digital or digital-to-analog conversions. For example, encryption of an analog signal converts the analog signal to an intermediate digital signal that is converted back into a scrambled analog signal. Encryption of a digital signal converts the digital signal to an intermediate analog signal that is converted back into an encrypted digital signal. The conversions between analog form and digital form and back can be repeated. A codec scrambling/descrambling and encryption/decryption implements one or more different analog-to-digital conversions and one or more digital-to-analog conversions. One embodiment of the codec includes a programmable conversion array that includes an array of transistors such as floating gate transistors in memory cells.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter for successively and approximately converting an analog input signal into a digital output signal includes at least one comparator having a linear input module and an output module. The analog input signal is compared with a compare signal supplied by a digital-to-analog converter and supplies a comparator output signal for adjusting a clocked successive approximation register. The digital value temporarily stored in the successive approximation register is converted into the analog compare signal by the digital-to-analog converter. The inventive converter also includes an acceleration circuit supplying a reversible clock signal to the cocked successive approximation register according to at least one overload detector signal that detects overload of an appurtenant linear input module in the comparator.

Abstract: Respective error detection codes (CRC) are selectively added to respective source coded signal parts depending on the type of source coded signal part. Further, important source coded signal parts may be provided with respective error detection codes, whereas less important source coded parts are not provided with error detection codes. If the source coded signal comprises source coded packets, the error detection codes (CRC) may relate to a part of given source coded packets (p2), e.g. a header (H).

Abstract: A compact, autonomous motion detecting and alerting system alerts to the movement of objects of interest. Mounted on an environmentally sealed PC board are a transceiver such as a CW radar front-end, connectors, signal processors and a communications device. The system provides early warning of movement of an ice sheet or rubble field via the communication device that may be a cellular telephone. This system is mounted proximate the target surface under observation, oriented at pre-specified offset angles both laterally and in elevation. The target is illuminated and energy reflected therefrom is mixed with a portion of the transmitted signal to produce a difference frequency signal that is processed to establish existence of motion within a pre-specified velocity range. Upon verification of motion, notification is sent to a responsible authority. An autonomous or semi-autonomous power source and integral power management function may be incorporated on the same PC board.

Abstract: The occurrence of an axis displacement in a horizontal direction in a vehicle-to-vehicle distance controlling radar is detected, the amount of the axis displacement is determined, and an azimuth angle is corrected using the thus determined amount of the axis displacement. The frequency with which vehicle-to-vehicle distance control is released or re-set is measured and, if the frequency is higher than a threshold, it is determined that the axis is displaced. The amount of the axis displacement is determined from the angle of the locus of a stationary target. The azimuth angle of the target is corrected using the thus determined axis displacement angle.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a telecommunications system that permits the precise location of mobile telephones by emergency call centers.

Abstract: There is provided a vehicle theft prevention device including a navigation device to detect the position of a vehicle on the earth, a security device to detect that the vehicle has been stolen, and an automobile telephone to transmit the position of the vehicle to a monitoring center after the detection of the theft of the vehicle. When the security device does not detect the theft of the vehicle, a position of the vehicle periodically detected by the navigation device is stored in a memory of the security device. When the theft of the vehicle is detected by the security device, the latest information of the vehicle stored in this memory is transmitted to the monitoring center by the automobile telephone, and the monitoring center can immediately determine the theft and the position of the stolen vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a beam steering system. The system includes an array of a plurality of antenna elements, each antenna element being electrically and mechanically controlled for steering a beam in a specific direction, and a millimeter wave subsystem quasi-optically integrated with a 3-dimensional beam steering device and an MMIC-type active circuit. The antenna element is controlled in real time by an electrical driving method so as to be moved in 2-dimensional space. That is, in the 3-dimensional system of the present invention, the beam is electrically controlled by a phase shifter, and each antenna element is physically moved by a mechanical driving mechanism. The 3-dimensional beam steering antenna and the associated devices are monolithically integrated on a substrate using MEMS technology, and the active circuit elements such as a mixer, a power amplifier (PA), a low noise amplifier (LNA), a VCO, etc. are integrated in an MMIC active array.

Abstract: A two-frequency antenna includes feeders 7a and 7b, inner radiation elements 2a and 2b connected to the feeders, outer radiation elements 3a and 3b, and inductors 4a and 4b that are formed in gaps 6a and 6b between the inner radiation elements and the outer radiation elements to connect the two radiation elements, which are printed on the first surface and on the second surface of the dielectric board 1, respectively.

Abstract: An optimal configuration for at least one antenna and/or at least one frequency selective surface is generated. A configuration of elements is generated by selecting a simple configuration of at least one element and applying a genetic algorithm to the simple configuration to generate a configuration optimized for various characteristics. A stochastic process may be used to randomly select an arrangement of elements as the simple antenna configuration and to select elements that connect the randomly selected elements to produce a stochastic configuration to which the genetic algorithm is then applied. Alternatively, an iterated or semi-iterated process may be applied to the simple antenna configuration to produce a fractal or a semi-fractal configuration, respectively, to which the genetic algorithm is then applied. Also, the elements may be optimized independently.

Abstract: An array of carbon nanotube electron sources to make an integrated array of RF (radio frequency) sources in a single vacuum envelope. The RF sources can be printed circuit traveling wave tubes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to reduce the size of a microstrip antenna without sacrificing antenna efficiency too much are described. The antenna structure includes discontinuity of strip width in the middle of the antenna patch to reduce the size of the antenna at a given resonant frequency. The antenna structure further includes a plurality of patches of differing widths connected to each other at junctions. The junctions are placed symmetrically to ensure maximum radiation at the boresight and also to further reduce cross-polarization levels. A coaxial feed is connected at a predetermined location near the center of a patch, having a narrower width, in order to match the input impedance of the antenna to the coaxial feed.

Abstract: A modular mobile terminal for a satellite system is disclosed in which the satellite system has a ground station and a network such as a telephone network coupled to the ground station. Each of the mobile terminals has a radome layer and a support layer having a plurality of circuit traces formed thereon. An element module is coupled between the support layer and the radome layer. Each element module comprises a housing and a radiating patch having a feed therethrough. A dielectric layer is coupled adjacent to the radiating patch. A ground plane is disposed adjacent to the dielectric layer on the opposite side of the dielectric layer as the radiating patch. A plurality of circuit chips is coupled to the ground plane. The support layer of the array has a plurality of circuit traces formed thereon. A plurality of interconnections between the circuit chips and the plurality of traces connect the traces and the circuit chips.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an object and one or more sensors located adjacent to or in the object. The object is formed of a material whose dielectric constant or magnetic permeability has a negative real part at microwave-frequencies. The one or more sensors are located adjacent to or in the object and measure an intensity of an electric or a magnetic field therein.

Abstract: An antenna construction for wireless telephones and the like. The antenna is capable of concentrating electrical fields near one or more antenna points. One antenna construction may have a terminus configured to form a sharp point so that it has a surface diameter that is substantially less than the diameter of the antenna itself. Another construction may use a multi-ended construction, including a number of individual bristles whose terminus will concentrate electrical fields because of its small size. Another construction may be a unitary antenna construction comprises a plurality of elongate arms radiating out from a center. One longitudinal edge of each of the arms is serrated or saw-like, forming the multiple points or ends at which electrical fields may concentrate. The arms are then creased and folded together to form the antenna.

Abstract: Antennas and methods of manufacturing and using antennas suited for use in mobile devices are described. The described antennas include an antenna arm (104) and a conical spring radiating element (108) attached to one end of the arm. The spring radiating element (108) is covered by a protective cap (106) and can be compressed to fit inside the cap (106) for easy storage in a PC card. The antenna arm (104) may be implemented as a layered circuit board. In some embodiments the antenna arm (104) includes a radiating element, e.g., a conductive strip (1304), positioned along an edge of the arm (104) which will remain exposed even when the antenna is inserted into a PC card for storage. In various embodiments the spring radiating element (108) automatically extends when the antenna arm (104) is switched from a storage position to an active position, e.g., by pulling on the antenna arm to cause it to slide or swing out of a housing (102).

Abstract: This diagnostic device for an antenna comprising a coil (20) or the like connected on the one hand to a reference potential and on the other hand to the output of an amplifier (12), comprises two condensers (C2, C3) mounted in series, a first condenser (C2) being mounted in parallel with the coil (20) and the second (C3) being inserted between a terminal of the coil (20) and the reference potential.

Abstract: A fractal antenna is patterned out of a conductive layer (e.g., Cu, Au, ITO, etc.), and is provided between first and second opposing substrates of a vehicle windshield. A polymer inclusive interlayer functions to both protect the fractal antenna(s) and laminate the opposing substrates to one another. In other embodiments, a multiband fractal antenna is provided which includes a first group of triangular shaped antenna portions, and a second triangular shaped antenna portion(s), wherein each of the triangular shaped antenna portions of the first group is located within a periphery of the second triangular shaped antenna portion. The first group of antenna portions transmits and/or receives at a first frequency band, while the second antenna portion(s) transmits and/or receives at a second frequency band different than the first band.

Abstract: An antenna arrangement for a vehicle comprises a plurality of individual antennas, at least one of which is arranged in a vehicle window. The vehicle has a cover unit for a free space between the window and a region in the vehicle interior, which cover unit comprises a metal body that forms a further antenna. A switching device controls switching between the antennas to optimize signal reception.

Abstract: A positioning control apparatus including feedback loops according to a plurality of control modes which control positioning of an object to be controlled is provided, in which the positioning control apparatus includes a part (121, 122, 123, 124) for reflecting a control process performed by a control mode before being switched in a control process performed by a control mode after being switched when a control mode is switched to another control mode. For example, an operation parameter on the control mode before being switched is dynamically reflected in the control mode after being switched.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for receiving and/or emitting signals comprising at least two means for receiving and/or emitting electromagnetic waves of the slot antenna type and means for connecting the said receiving and/or emitting means to means for exploiting the signals, the means for receiving and/or emitting electromagnetic waves being symmetric with respect to a point, and the connection means consisting of supply lines coupled electromagnetically to the slots of the slot antennas, which are connected on one side to a common supply line which is in a plane passing through the point of symmetry, and on the other to an electronic component enabling a short circuit or an open circuit to be simulated at the end of one of the lines and an open circuit or a short circuit to be simulated at the end of the other line.

Abstract: A side-mounting waveguide including a satellite down converter and a receiving horn antenna connected to the satellite down converter is characterized in that a circuit board of the satellite down converter is located at one side of the receiving horn antenna such that a transverse plane of the circuit board is in parallel with a direction in which the receiving horn antenna extends, and that a plastic rod is plugged into an opening of the receiving horn antenna to provide enhanced wave converging ability. With the side-mounting waveguide, the spacing between two adjacent satellite down converters and accordingly two adjacent receiving horn antennas is effectively reduced to correspond to the reduced angle contained between two satellites.

Abstract: Frequency-dependent phase center movement in near-field, unshielded, electromagnetic susceptibility testing using a log-periodic dipole can be significantly reduced by bending the rearmost dipole elements forward. Each bent dipole element has an inner portion and an outer portion connected to each other at a bend, the inner portion extending outward from a boom in substantially perpendicular relation to the boom, and the outer portion extending obliquely outward and forward from the bend. The frequency range of the antenna can be extended by forming each element of the longest dipole with an undulating shape when viewed in a direction along the boom.

Abstract: Ultra-broadband thin planar antenna has a flat elliptical element and a spaced rectangular element co-planar with the elliptical element. The inner conductor of a coaxial cable connects to the elliptical element near a gap between the elements and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable connects to the rectangular element. A housing encases the elliptical and rectangular elements and the transmission line. The antenna functions electrically as an asymmetrical planar dipole having a special configuration or as an elliptical planar monopole with a co-planar finite rectangular ground plane.

Abstract: A device substantially transparent to electromagnetic radiation of a certain frequency band is presented. The device comprises at least one dielectric structure of a predetermined thickness defined by the central frequency of the operational frequency band of the device, and comprises a predetermined substantially periodic inner pattern inside the dielectric structure composed of a two-dimensional array of substantially identical sub-resonant capacitive elements made of an electrically conducting material and capable of scattering said electromagnetic radiation arranged in a disconnected from each other spaced-apart relationship.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for an electronic vanity display device (10) comprising a vanity display screen (30) that is affixed to a commercially or privately owned method of ground transportation (50) for viewing text, graphics, and digital photographs. Also comprised of soft vanity display screens 240,260,270,290,300 and 310 which are affixed to an apparatus for transportation for viewing text graphics and digital photographs in the form of advertising and general use. The electronic vanity display device (10) further comprises a display composition computer (20) used to create a composition of text, graphics, and digital photographs that is displayed using the vanity display screen (30) and soft vanity display screens 240,260,270,290,300 and 310. The composed text and graphics can be edited and displayed at any time by the operator of the display composition computer (20).

Abstract: A viewing optical system for display apparatus allows observation of a bright displayed image favorably corrected for aberrations and is easy to assemble, resistant to impact such as vibration, lightweight and compact. An ocular optical member for leading an observation image formed by an observation image forming member to an exit pupil has a first prism member and a second prism member. The first prism member has a first entrance surface, a reflecting surface and a first exit surface disposed to face each other across a first prism medium. The second prism member has a second entrance surface and a second exit surface disposed to face each other across a second prism medium. The first and second prism members are cemented together with a holographic element interposed between the first exit surface and the second entrance surface. The reflecting surface has a positive power. The first exit surface and the second entrance surface are each formed from a plane or cylindrical surface.

Abstract: An image display system is disclosed that enables users to navigate very large digital images quickly and seamlessly. The system is optimized to transmit image data from a disk drive at high data rates. The image data is stored on the disk drive in a file format optimized for high speed retrieval, display, and seamless navigation. The image display system can be cascaded for showing two or more contiguous images.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plasma display panel, and more particularly, to a method of driving plasma display panel for improving contrast by minimizing quantity of luminescence in a non luminescent display period, that is, a reset period.

Abstract: In a display device in which a light emitting layer is interposed between a first electrode and a second electrode, and at least one of the light emitting layer and one of the first and second electrodes from which light is extracted functions as a cavity portion of a cavity structure for resonating light generated in the light emitting layer, the peak wavelength of internal emission spectrum inside the light emitting layer and the peak wavelength of multiple interference filter spectrum by the cavity portion are shifted from each other to adjust the RGB balance in the luminance variance under the existence of a view angle by adjusting that shift value.

Abstract: A driving apparatus of an electroluminescent display device includes: a scan driving unit for receiving a voltage from a single voltage source and sequentially supplying a scan pulse of which polarity is reversed by the frame unit to scan lines; and a data driving unit for receiving the voltage and sequentially supplying a data pulse with an opposite polarity to the polarity of the scan pulse to data lines. An optimum voltage to a pixel cell can be supplied by completely removing electric charges charged in the pixel cell by reversing a positive pulse or a negative pulse generated by a single power source by the frame unit and supplying it to each data line and scan line.

Abstract: A driver circuit integration type (monolithic type) active matrix display device having high performance is formed by using thin film transistors (TFT). While a nickel element is added t an amorphous silicon film 203, a head treatment is carried out to thereby crystallize the amorphous silicon film. Further, by carrying out a heat treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere containing a halogen element, a thermal oxidation film 209 is formed. At this time, cyrstallinity is improved and gettering of the nickel element proceeds. TFTs are formed by using the thus obtained crystalline silicon film, and various circuits are constituted by using the TFTs, so that a data driver circuit capable of driving the active matrix circuit having the dot number of fifty thousands to three millions can be obtained.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes a circuit for calibrating out non-linearities in the signal processing path from received digital input data to the analog voltage produced on a data (column) line of the display, and for calibrating out differences between column drivers and column lines in the device. The device receives digital input data and in response thereto generates an analog data voltage to be applied to a column line. The device includes means for generating a precision staircase reference signal, and means for comparing the precision staircase reference signal voltage to the data voltage and in response thereto producing a calibration data error value which is stored in the device. One, or preferably all, columns of the device are calibrated by stepping the digital input data through each value in its operating range and storing the corresponding calibration data error values in memory.

Abstract: An electronic device (1) with a Liquid Crystal Display (5) that is controllable by a processor (3). The Liquid Crystal Display (5) is capable of operating to display a plurality of color scale resolutions. There is also a Keypad (6), in communication with the processor (3), for selecting a device application from a plurality of device applications. In use, the processor (3) automatically selects one of the color scale resolutions for operation of the Liquid Crystal Display (5) and the selected color scale resolution corresponds the selected application.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix manner and regard each group of the pixels arranged along every gate signal line as a line, the present invention provides means for accumulating both signal levels of pixel data for odd-numbered lines of the pixels and for even-numbered lines of the pixels separately every frame period, means for obtaining a subtracted value by subtracting one of the accumulated values of the signal levels from another thereof, and means for transmitting alternation signal which changes voltage polarity applied to a liquid crystal layer by modifying a phase thereof with respect to the subtracted value, so that flickers appearing on a display screen is efficiently suppressed.

Abstract: An antiferroelectric liquid crystal display comprises: an antiferroelectric liquid crystal display element which includes an antiferroelectric liquid crystal that is sandwiched between a pair of substrates having a plurality of scanning electrodes and signal electrodes deposited respectively on the opposing surfaces thereof; and a light source which successively emits a plurality of different colors of light.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal display with gray scales is disclosed which includes a substrate, a patterned first conductor disposed over the substrate, and a layer including a cholesteric liquid crystal material dispersed over the first patterned conductor. The display further includes a patterned second conductor disposed over the lay including cholesteric liquid crystal, and control means for applying voltages across particular portions of the patterned first and second conductors to cause electric fields to portions of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer to directly change its reflectance into a plurality of reflectance. The gray scale of the display can be obtained by a single pulse voltage independent of the initial state of the said display.

Abstract: In a passive liquid crystal display, frames or fields are displayed for different time periods to achieve gray scale. The voltage pulses applied to the column electrodes have substantially constant values during row scanning periods or field scanning periods to reduce power consumption. The lines of the display may be divided into odd and even fields in an interlaced configuration to suppress flicker and to further reduce power consumption by reducing frame rate.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to enhance the display quality of a liquid crystal display apparatus of a line reversal driving method. The liquid crystal display apparatus drives an active-matrix liquid crystal panel by the use of the line reversal driving method. To do so, a common driver AC-drives one of a pair of electrode in each of all the pixels of the liquid crystal panel. An adding circuit obtains the sum of a plurality of gradation components for deciding the gradations of the pixels in one of the columns in the liquid crystal panel at intervals of the predetermined horizontal period.

Abstract: A matrix-type display control device suited to large capacity displays while achieving low power consumption operation is achieved by improving the display data transfer method.

Abstract: Novel addressing schemes for controlling electronically addressable displays include a scheme for rear-addressing displays, which allows for in-plane switching of the display material. Other schemes include a rear-addressing scheme which uses a retroreflecting surface to enable greater viewing angle and contrast. Another scheme includes an electrode structure that facilitates manufacture and control of a color display. Another electrode structure facilitates addressing a display using an electrostatic stylus. Methods of using the disclosed electrode structures are also disclosed. Another scheme includes devices combining display materials with silicon transistor addressing structures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved EPD which comprises both the traditional up/down switching and the in-plane switching modes. In other words, the improved EPD has dual switching modes.

Abstract: A computer monitor device to allow at least two persons to simutaneously view the same and different information received from a computer. The device has at least two display screens that are mounted as to be independently tiltable to optimal viewing angles. One embodiment has the display screens mounted on a base. In another embodiment, one display screen is mounted on a laptop computer and a second display screen is mounted to the first display screen by a hinge. The two display screens are generally mounted opposite each other. In a third embodiment, two display screens are connected together by swivel linkages that may also carry electrical connectors, allowing the display screens to be daisy-chained together.

Abstract: An elevation adjustable display module mounting arrangement for notebook computer is constructed to include a front mainframe shell, a rear mainframe shell pivoted to the rear side of the front mainframe shell, a display module, and a coupling board coupled between the display module and the rear mainframe shell for enabling the display module to be turned relative to the rear mainframe shell and/or turned with the rear mainframe shell relative to the front mainframe shell.

Abstract: There are two variants of a device for data input and a method for providing the same.

Abstract: The disclosed tactile interface device conveys a diversity of information to its operator through the operator's tactile sense without requiring the operators visual confirmation. The tactile interface device comprises a substructure on which magnets are arranged so that the positive and negative magnets are alternately placed, a frame that is movable on the substructure and on which coils are installed, and a pushbutton switch fixed to the frame. The operating element drive control means drives the switch in the two-dimensional direction by allowing current to flow through the coils in a predetermined direction, so that a motion pattern appropriate for the information to be conveyed to the operator is generated. Information is imparted to the operator from the switch through the operator's tactile sense.