Abstract: A grinding operation is effected by rotating the motor hub in high speed around the central axis thereof, and urging the outer peripheral surface of a grinding wheel rotated in high speed around the central axis against the upper surface of the outwardly extending flange for supporting on its upper surface the lower surface of the central portion of the magnetic disk. The surface of the flange can be worked in high precision. Thus, a compact, large capacity, and reliable hard disk drive apparatus is to be provided by reducing the rotational runout of the magnetic disk incorporated within the hard disk drive apparatus.

Abstract: An end face polishing apparatus with improved polishing precision regardless of the length of ferrules when end faces of the ferrules are polished is provided. In an end face polishing apparatus polishing a rod-shaped member mounted at a polishing fixture by pressing the rod-shaped member against a lapping member on a lapping machine provided on a surface plate that is supported at the main body of the apparatus to rotate and rock, there are a plurality of rod-shaped guide members provided at the polishing fixture radially outwardly projecting and a tubular member capable of supporting the polishing fixture through the guide members on the surface plate. In this way, the guide members at the polishing fixture and the tubular member abut against each other so that the movement of the polishing fixture in the pressing direction is restricted.

Abstract: The invention relates to abrasive water jet systems comprising an abrasive water jet mixing tube having a longitudinal bore lined with a superhard material, including such systems which use cubic boron carbide (CBN), diamond, or other materials with a hardness greater than that of alumina as the abrasive material. The invention also comprises methods of using an AWJ system having a mixing tube having a longitudinal bore lined with a superhard material. Some embodiments include AWJ mixing tubes comprised of a plurality of connected components. Such connections may be disconnectable.

Abstract: A wafer holder includes a mounting plate for mounting a wafer and having a plurality of fluid holes, a decompressor for absorbing the wafer toward the mounting plate while sucking air between the mounting plate and the wafer through the fluid holes, and a liquid supply unit for supplying a liquid toward the wafer to release the wafer from the wafer holder. The liquid has a specific resistance lower than the specific resistance of water.

Abstract: A pedestal of a load-cup for supporting wafers loaded onto and being unloaded from a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) apparatus includes a pedestal plate, and a pedestal film which extends over only a limited area at the upper surface of the pedestal plate. This area includes the regions directly around the fluid ports provided in the pedestal plate for vacuum-chucking the wafers and spraying deionized water. The pedestal plate may have a cross-shaped part, the entirety of which bears the fluid ports. The pedestal film may include annular members each extending around only a respective one of the fluid ports, or one or more members each extending radially around several of the fluid ports. By offering a rather limited contact area to the wafer supported on the pedestal, the pedestal film reduces the amount of contaminants which could be transferred to the wafer surface in contact therewith.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polishing head, for use with a polishing apparatus. In one embodiment, the polishing head includes a carrier head assembly, and a retaining ring having a surface positionable adjacent a polishing pad and couplable to the carrier head assembly and configured to retain a semiconductor wafer therein, the retaining ring having a slurry conduit located therethrough to provide a flow of slurry to the polishing pad.

Abstract: An abrasive tool includes a superabrasive grain component, a filler component that comprises hollow bodies and a vitreous bond. Natural and synthetic diamond, cubic boron nitride and combinations thereof can be employed as the superabrasive grain component. The vitreous bond component includes zinc oxide and at least two alkali metal oxides. The vitreous bond component can further include barium oxide. A method for producing an abrasive tool includes combining a superabrasive grain component, a filler component that includes hollow bodies and a vitreous bond component that includes zinc oxide and at least two alkali metal oxides. The combined components are fired at a temperature in a range of between about 600° C. and about 850° C., preferably in an ambient air atmosphere.

Abstract: There is here disclosed a metal-less bond grinding stone for protrusion of grains on the grinding stone by electrolytic dressing, comprising abrasive grains and a bond portion for holding the abrasive grains, wherein the bond portion comprises a carbon-containing nonmetallic material alone. Furthermore, this metal-less bond grinding stone is used, whereby a current which is allowed to flow between the grinding stone and the electrode is controlled within a desired range. In this way, environmental pollution with a waste liquid containing heavy metal ions and metal contamination of device wafers can be prevented, and a mirror-like high-quality level ground surface can be obtained with a satisfactory efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting poultry carcasses as they are continuously conveyed by a shackle conveyor having a plurality of shackles. The inventive apparatus comprises a gap provided between two rails. The rails are positioned such that the exterior of the carcass adjacent the spine will contact and slide along the back rail while the front rail will pivot the front half of the carcass backward with respect to the back half, thereby placing the skin connecting the two halves in a peeling position with respect to the front half. The apparatus further comprises a blade positioned for cutting a segment of skin while the carcass is in this stretched position such that at least most of the segment of skin remains attached to the back half.

Abstract: The mixing device, for distributing in variable proportions a main air stream (8) flowing through an apparatus for heating and/or air-conditioning the cabin of a motor vehicle between a hot air duct (14) and a cold air duct (18), comprises a perforated panel (40) arranged in the hot duct (14) and a shut-off plate (44) that can move between an open position in which it is spaced away from the perforations (42) in the panel (40) and a shut-off position in which it shuts off the panel, a shutter (50) for adjusting the passage cross section of the cold air duct (18) that can move between an open position and a shut-off position, a control mechanism (54) for controlling, in synchronism, the movement of the shut-off plate (44) and the movement of the shutter (50).

Abstract: An air filtration system for a vehicle cab has an air recirculation circuit which includes an air recirculation blower arranged in an air recirculation channel system in order to draw air from the cab interior and to blow it back into the cab interior. An air recirculation filter is arranged In the air recirculation flow. In order to reliably avoid contamination of the cab interior during filter changes, the air recirculation filter is located in a portion of an outer wall of the cab roof behind a cover. The cover covers the air recirculation channel system hermetically from the cab exterior. When the cover is opened, the air recirculation filter is accessible from the outside.

Abstract: Information from fan filter units and differential pressure gauges provided in a ceiling of a clean room is used to control directions and volumes of air flows blown from respective fan filter units. In order to improve a wind velocity distribution in the clean room, pressure in a ceiling chamber is made uniform and control of the FFU revolution speeds of fan filter units is made easy. In order to control directions of air flows in the clean room, damper adjusting mechanisms are provided under a grating floor of the clean room. Such arrangement enables optimizing an operating condition of the clean room and achieving energy saving.

Abstract: A computing system is proposed for installation or retrofit in homes or offices. The system easily installs in wall structures without concern for interference with load bearing structures. In its varying embodiments the system provides for audio or video entertainment, security, remote monitoring, and all forms of communications and networking with other computing systems and appliances. The system exploits a menu-driven graphical user interface, a rigid framing mechanism and special ventilation techniques to achieve an unprecedented computing system for integral incorporation within a home and office.

Abstract: A ventilation system includes one or more exhaust fans and one or more make up air fans. Each fan has is driven by a motor operating at a constant speed. Each fan and motor are coupled by a torque converter, so that the torque applied to the fan is constant. Exhaust fan speed varies according to the ideal gas law, whereby the fan speed automatically varies in response to changes in system conditions, such as temperature and the associated changes in air density and resistance to the fan.

Abstract: A subscriber station operable to communicate with a base station and provide telephony and data services to users. The subscriber station connects to telephony and data devices and preferably communicates with the base station using a wireless modem.

Abstract: A radio-frequency (RF) repeater, including a first repeating section which is adapted to receive and amplify forward-signals from a first transceiver so as to generate amplified-forward-signals and to radiate the amplified-forward-signals to a second transceiver. The first section also receives and amplifies reverse-main-signals from the second transceiver so as to generate amplified-reverse-main-signals and transmits the amplified-reverse-main-signals to the first transceiver. The repeater includes a second repeating section which is adapted to receive and amplify reverse-diversity-signals from the second transceiver so as to generate amplified-reverse-diversity-signals and transmits the amplified-reverse-diversity-signals to the first transceiver.

Abstract: A communication system and method for transmitting data to mobile platforms using multiple simultaneous channels operating at multiple data rates. Each mobile receiver has the capability to receive multiple transmit channels at multiple data rates. Aircraft report their position to a ground based controller which determines which communication channel can be operated without substantial loss of data. Data packets destined for each aircraft are preferably routed to the highest data rate channel that can be received by that aircraft without substantial loss of data. This maximizes the overall system efficiency and throughput. High priority and mission critical data may be transmitted to the aircraft using low data rate channels to increase link availability.

Abstract: A system and method for assigning network addresses to mobile platforms using a satellite communications link. The network address information is transmitted from a ground station only upon request by the mobile platform, with the mobile platform transmitting a confirmation signal after receiving the network address information. Bi-directional communication is thereby provided between the ground system and specific mobile platforms. The network address information is maintained on-board the mobile platform within a plurality of components to avoid losing the information in the event of a failure of one or more on-board components operating on a network on the mobile platform.

Abstract: A connection request signal issued from a terminal (PS2) corresponding to a new call and received by an array antenna (2) is supplied to an adaptive array (14) and a parameter estimating unit (15). The parameter estimating unit (15) lowers a send power of a terminal (PS1) corresponding to an existing call by a predetermined level when it is detected from an output of the adaptive array (14) and a signal supplied from the antenna (2) that the connection request signal is received via a C-channel.

Abstract: A vehicle active network (12) communicatively couples devices (14-20) within a vehicle (10) and includes a reserved portion (64). Device operation is independent of the interface (22-28) of the device (14-20) with the active network (12). Additionally, the architecture of the active network (12) provides one or more levels of communication redundancy. The architecture provides for the total integration of vehicle systems and functions, and permits plug-and-play device integration and upgradeability.

Abstract: A smart BLUETOOTH interface gateway device that allows a BLUETOOTH headset to establish an audio connection and communicate with a conventional wireless phone (e.g., a wireless phone that does not have BLUETOOTH installed). In accordance with the principles of the present invention, the connection is controlled merely by monitoring the presence of sound and tones in the audio stream from an analog audio jack of a conventional wireless phone. The smart BLUETOOTH interface gateway device preferably attaches to the wireless phone just as a wired headset would. Use of the wireless phone is the same as if a wired headset were plugged in.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wireless peripheral with inbuilt drivers of a host computer. The host computer has a wireless transmission module capable of transmitting control information to control the peripheral. The wireless peripheral comprises a wireless transmission module, a central processing unit, a database, and a renewal unit. The wireless transmission module can communicate with the wireless transmission module of the computer. The central processing unit is a control center of the whole peripheral. The database stores one or more driver. The renewal unit can store or record new drivers in the database via the host computer. The drivers will always accompany the peripheral. A host computer is not necessary to install drivers from floppy disks or CDs in order to use peripherals, and the trouble of missing the drivers will not arise; hence operations of peripheral achieve the object of “Plug-and-Play” or “Turn-on-and-Play”.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for controlling the data rates for communications to and from a base station and a plurality of remote users. The usage of the communications resource whether the forward link resource (from base station to remote users) or reverse link resource (from remote users to base station) is measured. The measured usage value is compared against at least one predetermined threshold value and the data rates of communications or a subset of communications on said communications resource is modified in accordance with said comparisons.

Abstract: A transmitter (200) has a compression detector for sensing the level of compression (110) in a signal that is being transmitted. The transmitter also has a radio frequency power amplifier (RFPA) (414) that is supplied by a supply modulator (426). The supply modulator provides a dynamic supply bias to the RFPA to maintain a desired amount of compression in the signal being transmitted. The supply modulator is responsive to a modulation signal (207) created by substantially following the envelope (214) of the signal to be transmitted (212). However, various signal and operational conditions can occur which cause the compression level to deviate (506) from the desired level. To maintain the desired compression level, the compression detector provides an output that is used to adjust the modulation signal from following the envelope of the signal to be transmitted in an unadjusted manner.

Abstract: A wireless switch comprising: a sensor for sensing a change of a state of a barrier; a selector positionable between a first position and a second position; a transmitter operatively coupled to the sensor and selector; and wherein the transmitter transmits a first wireless signal when the selector is positioned in the first position and the sensor senses a change of state, and the transmitter transmits a second wireless signal different from the first signal when the selector is positioned in the second position and the sensor senses the change of state.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for fault detection for subscriber loop repeaters. A method includes monitoring an upstream signal on a digital subscriber loop for a fault detection signal that is added to said upstream signal at a repeater; and determining if a fault has occurred. An apparatus includes a digital subscriber loop fault detection system including: a receiver circuit that monitors an upstream signal on said digital subscriber loop for a fault detection signal that is added to said upstream signal at a repeater; and a logic circuit that determines whether a fault has occurred.

Abstract: A method is presented describing how information and data is exchanged between a user's access terminal's mobility management and radio resource software layer in a satellite based telecommunications system, wherein the telecommunication system comprises one or more satellites, new and existing gateways, and a user's access terminal, which comprises a mobility management and radio resource software layer, the method pertaining to data and information flow between them, in response to various stimuli and conditions as the user enters into and out of various modes of operations, including deactivation, activation and illumination of a dark beam of a spot beam that is a shared resource.

Abstract: A wireless communication method capable of preventing communication interference and cut-off in one-to-multi wireless communication.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method and an arrangement for linearizing a radio receiver (20). The invention is advantageously applied in the reception circuits of mobile stations. A receiver according to the invention monitors the signal strength on the receive channel and its neighboring channels. In addition, the receiver can determine the quality of the detected signal by calculating its bit error ratio or signal-to-noise ratio. In normal conditions, i.e. when the signal strength is satisfactory on the receive channel and normal on the neighboring channels, the supply currents of the front-end amplifiers (A1, A2) and at least the first mixer (M1) of the receiver are kept relatively small. If the signal strength on the receive channel goes below a predetermined value or, on a neighboring channel, exceeds a predetermined value, said supply currents are increased. This may happen also if the bit error ratio or signal-to-noise ratio reaches a predetermined limit.

Abstract: A method and device for using a single antenna for simultaneously receiving radio frequency signals in a first radio frequency band and radio signals in a second radio frequency band different from the first radio frequency band.

Abstract: In a collapsible mobile terminal provided with display means on the outside face installed on the outside face of the collapsible body and display means on the inside face installed on the inside face of the body, opening/closing detection means for detecting an/a opened/closed state of the body is provided, information is displayed on the display means on the inside face in case the body is unfolded based upon the result of detection by the opening/closing detection means and information is displayed on the display means on the outside face in case the body is folded. The unused display means is powered off.

Abstract: A folder-type portable phone with controllable radiation. In the folder-type portable phone, a body housing is a metal case, a folder housing is a metal case, a hinge device rotatably connects the folder housing to the body housing, and a contact portion makes contact between the body housing and the folder housing when the folder housing is completely opened away from the body housing, thereby minimizing an SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) level of the folder-type portable phone is minimized.

Abstract: To provide an amplifying device with reduced size, weight and cost. The amplifying device delays input signals using digital delay sections in a main signal system, performs offset rotation processing of digital input signals in carrier offset sections and power detection in a power detecting section in a control system, matches phases of a multi-carrier signal of the main signal system and a power value signal of the control system in a phase control section, and gives distortion compensation in a predistorter for canceling a nonlinear characteristic generated in an amplifier.

Abstract: A apparatus to provide a direct modulation transmitter having high dynamic range and low distortion using signal processing at a first frequency level for a signal to be transmitted and increasing frequency to transmission frequency in a manner to avoid distortion and utilizing a squaring function in up-converting basic processing signal.

Abstract: A feedback compensation detector for a direct conversion transmitter includes a baseband processor, a direct up-converter, an antenna, and an impairment detection and compensation feedback circuit. The baseband processor generates an in-phase (I) baseband signal and a quadrature-phase (Q) baseband signal. The direct up-converter is coupled to the baseband processor, and combines the I and Q baseband signals with an RF carrier signal to generate an RF output signal. The antenna is coupled to the direct up-converter, and transmits the RF output signal. The impairment detection and compensation feedback circuit is coupled to the RF output signal and the I and Q baseband signals. The impairment detection and compensation feedback circuit down-converts the RF output signal to generate an intermediate frequency (IF) signal, measures as least one signal impairment in the IF signal, and pre-distorts the I and Q baseband signals to compensate for the measured signal impairment.

Abstract: A method for measuring a power level of a radio frequency signal in a radio frequency transmitter includes routing a portion of the radio frequency signal to a detector, detecting a signal envelope of the radio frequency signal with the detector, routing the detected signal to a digital signal processor, and talking at least one sample from the detected signal envelope using the digital signal processor and determining a detected power level of the radio frequency signal from the at least one sample, wherein the at least one sample lies in a portion of the detected signal envelope having a known non-random sequence.

Abstract: The present invention relates to detecting overload conditions from within the bias circuitry for a multistage amplifier. Preferably, the overload condition is detected in the bias circuitry associated with the output stage of the amplifier. Upon detection of an overload, steps are taken to shunt the RF drive or reduce bias at one or more preceding stages of the amplifier to limit the excessive voltages or currents in the output stage.

Abstract: A radio frequency power amplifier (16) for use in at least 2 frequency bands, comprises a power amplifier (32) having a passive adjustable input matching network (30), a passive variable output power matching network (34, 36) and a source (48) of tuning voltages for adjusting the input and output networks so that the power amplifier functions as a narrowband amplifier in a predetermined one of the at least 2 frequency bands. The source of tuning voltages may comprise a look-up table.

Abstract: To provide an amplifying device which is reduced in size, weight and cost and which can improve the distortion compensation performance. In the amplifying device, input signals are each subjected to digital orthogonal modulation using an IF and further to offset rotation processing in digital orthogonal modulators, then bifurcated into a main signal system and a control system, and detection of a power value is performed at an IF band in a power detecting section of the control system. Therefore, offset rotation processing of the input signals in the power detection is not required, so that a structure for matching phases of a multi-carrier signal and a power value signal is not required, resulting in improving the distortion compensation performance without using an analog delay line.

Abstract: A broadcast receiver which detects the reception status of radio waves from other stations without deteriorating the reception status of a currently-receiving station, in digital broadcasting where consecutive time series data is transmitted. The amount of time-based interleave applied to the currently-receiving data is determined so that the reception status of the radio waves from other stations is detected while the reception of the currently-receiving broadcast station is interrupted within the extent where missing data can be recovered by such interleave and error correction processing on demodulation.

Abstract: A frequency extractor extracts an input frequency of an input signal. The frequency extractor includes a frequency multiplier, first and second filters, a binary circuit and a frequency divider. The frequency multiplier obtains a signal of a multiplied frequency, the multiplied frequency being N times the input frequency, N being an integer greater than 1. The first filter, having a first bandwidth, filters the signal of the multiplied frequency to provide a first filtered signal. The binary circuit binarizes the first filtered signal to a binary signal. The frequency divider divides the binary signal by a factor of N to provide a divided signal. The second filter, having a second bandwidth, filters the divided signal to generate the input frequency in a form of a continuous wave, wherein the second bandwidth is about 1/N times the first bandwidth.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement that stacks a modulator and automatic gain control (AGC) amplifier so as to re-use the modulator output current to drive the AGC amplifier, thereby saving power consumption and avoiding an unnecessary signal transformation between the two stages. A balanced circuit topology is used. The modulation signal can be selected over a wide range (100 MHz to 5.4 GHz) and the circuit arrangement is therefore particularly suitable for wireless applications (e.g. GSM-EDGE) and for integrated circuit fabrication.

Abstract: A first control unit reads out both specific frequencies and gain data corresponding to these specific frequencies, which have been stored into a first storage unit, and approximates gain data corresponding to an arbitrary frequency by way of a linear function to calculate the gain data by executing a formula. A D/A converter converts this gain data into a gain control signal, and supplies the gain control signal to a variable gain amplifier. The variable gain amplifier amplifies a transmission signal by a gain defined in response to a transmission frequency based upon the gain control signal.

Abstract: An apparatus to provide a stage in a transmitter or receiver operating in wireless frequency ranges performing a gain control function between a final or an initial stage respectively and process circuitry for adjusting gain and providing a constant input impedance at its input and a constant output impedance at its output, providing a direct conversion transceiver in which constant impedance gain control circuits are provided in the receive and transmit paths, all of which are simple in construction and efficient in operation.

Abstract: When a cellular phone terminal is powered on, it immediately receives a reference signal (non-modulated reference frequency signal for correcting a crystal oscillation circuit) for correcting the reception frequency of a radio signal transmitted from a base station at all times, and corrects the error of the reception frequency on the basis of the reference signal received. After the error of the reception frequency is corrected, the cellular phone terminal makes normal communications with the base station.

Abstract: An RF cable-less interconnect arrangement couples a diplexer to a radio transceiver by providing each of the transceiver and the diplexer by means of respective pairs of RF transmission and receiver channel connectors. The two sets of connectors are supported at a prescribed spatial separation for blind-mating RF connectivity for either of two orientations and translation (insertion) of the diplexer into the radio. Eliminating lossy and relatively fragile RF cable, that would otherwise occupy space within the radio's housing, and require installation by a skilled technician during assembly of the radio, allows the customer to easily change the radio's frequency plan by simply removing, rotating and reinserting the diplexer.

Abstract: A frequency translating device (FTD) includes at least one mixer diode connected to down-convert a radio frequency (RF) to an intermediate frequency (IF) and to up-convert an IF to an RF and a source of direct current (DC) bias that is connected to the mixer diode. The source of DC bias provides DC bias to the mixer diode that moves the voltage applied to the mixer diode closer to the threshold voltage of the mixer diode. The mixer diode is turned on in response to the DC bias and a local oscillator (LO) drive. Because DC bias is applied to the mixer diode, the peak to peak voltage range of the LO drive can be reduced, thereby reducing the voltage-dependent capacitance of the mixer diode, causing the FTD to exhibit improved reciprocity. The FTD can be used in a three-pair measurement system to determine the conversion response of another FTD.

Abstract: A compact waveguide coupler or mixer having and an input, an output and a plurality of transmission segments coupled between the input and output. The transmission segments are preferably formed such that at least one is configured in a transmission media that permits conductor switching to achieve a phase shift. In a preferred embodiment, this media is slot line strip and the at least one conductor has a quarter wavelength and includes a conductor switch that achieves a 180 degree phase shift, thereby forming, in combination, a conduction segment that induces an approximately 270 degree phase shift. Various compact conductor arrangements are presented as are mixer and coupler embodiments.

Abstract: A direct conversion satellite tuner is fully integrated on a common substrate. The integrated tuner receives an RF signal having a plurality of channels and down-converts a selected channel directly to baseband for further processing. The integrated tuner includes on-chip local oscillator generation, tunable baseband filters, and DC Offset cancellation. The integrated tuner can be implemented in a completely differential I/Q configuration for improved electrical performance. The entire direct conversion satellite tuner can be fabricated on a single semiconductor substrate using standard CMOS processing, with minimal off-chip components. The tuner configuration described herein is not limited to processing TV signals, and can be utilized to down-convert other RF signals to an IF frequency or baseband.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a linearization apparatus and method. Preferred embodiments according to the present invention can combine an auxiliary non-linear block to a functional block of a system to increase linearity of an output signal of the system such as a communication system. System overhead due to the non-linear auxiliary block can be small because of circuit structure, cost and low consumption. Further, the non-linear auxiliary block can be designed so that no feedback path is required. Further preferred embodiments can use a feedback path without loss of stability by using a cancellation apparatus or process based on an averaging detection of the output signal. For example, a feedback loop can detect power leakage in a sideband caused by non-linearities of the communication system.