Abstract: Salts of pyrimidine derivatives are provided having the formula: 1

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to detectable chemiluminescent acridinium ester labels having hydrophilic modifiers; to compositions, complexes and/or conjugates which include such labels; and to processes for performing bioanalytical assays for target analytes which use such labels. Assays for folate, theophylline, and tobramycin (using such labels with hydrophilic modifiers such as nonionic polyethylene glycol and polyionic spermine disulfonate and polyionic spermine dicarboxylate) are described in detail.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds based on merocyanines with the general formulas I and/or II, 1

Abstract: The invention relates to crystalline salts of the compound (E)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-iso-propyl-2-[methyl(methyl-sulfonyl)amino]pyrimidin-5-yl]-(3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid of formula (I),as well as processes for their manufacture, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their uses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the preparation for camptothecin and camptothecin-like compounds and to novel intermediates used in this preparation. In particular, the invention provides a process for the preparation of the camptothecin derivative of formula (I′) known by the chemical name “7-(4-methylpiperazinomethylene)-10,11-ethylenedioxy-20(R,S)-camptothecin”, which comprises cyclising the compound of formula (II′), wherein X is halogen, particularly chloro, bromo, or iodo; and when the compound of formula (I′) is obtained as a mixture of enantiomers optionally resolving the mixture to obtain the desired enantiomer; and/or if desired, converting the resulting compound of formula (I′) or a salt thereof into a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a ketone from a narcotic alkaloid having an allyl alcohol moiety is disclosed. The method includes mixing the narcotic alkaloid with an acid in the presence of a catalyst wherein the method is carried out in the substantial absence of hydrogen gas. The method is useful for preparing hydromorphone and hydrocodone compositions having novel impurity profiles. Compositions comprising hydromorphone and hydrocodone are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is related to novel processes for preparing anhydrous and hydrated forms of piperidine derivatives, polymorphs and pseudomorphs thereof of the formulas 1

Abstract: The present invention is related to novel processes for preparing anhydrous and hydrated forms of piperidine derivatives, polymorphs and pseudomorphs thereof of the formulas 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives of the general formula (I) 1

Abstract: A novel crystal of (R)-2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole or a salt thereof of the present invention is useful for an excellent antiulcer agent.

Abstract: A method for the production of substituted aromatic aldehydes or ketones and optionally substituted heteroaromatic aldehydes or ketones of formula (I) by reacting a compound of formula (II) in a suitable solvent in the presence of a carbonyl compound of formula (III), optionally in the presence of oxygen at a normal pressure or high temperature and at temperatures of 5-200° C.

Abstract: Cyano and carboxy derivatives of substituted styrenes are inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor &agr;, nuclear factor &kgr;B, and phosphodiesterase and can be used to combat cachexia, endotoxic shock, retrovirus replication, asthma, and inflammatory conditions. A typical embodiment is 3,3-bis-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile.

Abstract: A process for preparing optically active secondary alcohols of the general formula (3), [wherein R1 is linear lower alkyl, an aromatic ring group, or the like; A is CH2NR2R3 or the like; n is an integer of 0 to 2; and * represents an asymmetric carbon atom] by asymmetrically hydrogenating a ketone compound of the general formula (1) having nitrogenous or oxygen functional group at any of the a-, &bgr;- and &ggr;-positions, with selectivity among functional groups by the use of a ruthenium/optically active bidentate phosphine/diamine complex as the catalyst in the presence of hydrogen alone or together with a base. The optically active secondary alcohols obtained by the process are useful as drugs and intermediates for the preparation of drugs.

Abstract: Indol-3-yl derivatives of the general formula I 1

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing an optically active hemiester of formula (1): 1

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to produce an optically active N-substituted azetidine-2-carboxylic acid by an efficient, expedient and commercially profitable process.

Abstract: Cyclic acetal compounds of formula (1) wherein k=0 or 1 and n is an integer of 0 to 6 are novel. Using the cyclic acetal compounds as a monomer, polymers are obtained. A resist composition comprising the polymer as a base resin is sensitive to high-energy radiation and has excellent sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of taxanes including paclitaxel, docetaxel, and structurally similar analogs, as well as intermediates produced by the process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for synthesizing 3-fluoroalkoxymethyl-3-alkyloxetanes suitable as intermediates for preparing various fluorine-containing functional materials, the process comprising using 3-alkyloxetane methanol as a starting compound and adding the compound to a fluoroolefin in the presence of an alkali.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons. This process comprises passing a reaction mixture comprising hydrocarbons, oxygen, and at least one reducing agent, through a catalyst-containing layer to partially oxidize the hydrocarbon, and adsorbing the partially oxidized hydrocarbon in a downstream adsorbent-containing layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 1-amino-4-hydroxyanthraquinones of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: The present invention is a method for recycling an organometallic compound for MOCVD comprising extracting an unreacted organometallic compound from a used raw material which has undergone a thin film production process, wherein the unreacted organometallic compound is extracted after the used raw material is subjected to a reforming treatment. The method for reforming the used raw material is either a method for contacting the used raw material with a hydrogenation catalyst or a reducing agent or a method for contacting the used raw material with either a halogen, a hydrogen halide, an inorganic acid, an alkene, or a diene. In this case, an organometallic compound of higher purity can be obtained through this recycling method by contacting the used raw material with a decoloring agent comprising activated carbon, silica, or activated clay.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cyclopentadienyl or indenyl ruthenium complex by treatment of a cyclopentadienyl or indenyl compound with ruthenium trichloride dihydrate and magnesium powder in an alkanol at 10° C. to −30° C. is described.

Abstract: Bisphenol-phosphorus compound complexes represented by the following general formula (1) are disclosed (R1 to R4 represent hydrogen atom or a group that can be a substituent on a benzene ring; L represents —S— group or a —CHR5— group where R5 represents hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and R6 to R8 represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group etc.). The present invention provides reducing agents that can realize thermally processed image recording materials that can provide sufficient image density at a practical reaction temperature (specifically 100-140° C.) and within a practical reaction time (specifically 1-30 seconds), and can sufficiently suppress the coloration of white portions when the materials are stored in a dark place after the development.

Abstract: An integrated process for the production of a dialkyl carbonate and a diol from an alkylene oxide, carbon dioxide and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol is described in which an alkylene oxide is first reacted with carbon dioxide in the presence of a homogeneous carbonation catalyst to provide a corresponding cyclic carbonate and the cyclic carbonate is then reacted with an aliphatic monohydric alcohol in the presence of the homogeneous carbonation catalyst and/or a heterogeneous transesterification catalyst and recycling the homogeneous carbonation catalyst to provide a corresponding dialkyl carbonate and diol.

Abstract: A catalyzed vapor phase process for the hydrocyanation of acyclic diolefinic compounds to olefinic nitriles is described in which the olefinic double bond is not conjugated to the triple bond of the cyano group, wherein a catalyst composition comprising supported copper salts is used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the synthesis of racemic and optically active bicalutamide starting from ethyl pyruvate and methyl methacrylate. The present invention discloses processes of preparing bicalutamide intermediates including ethyl-[2-{4-fluorophenyl sulfone}]-2-hydroxy propionate, 1,2-epoxy-2-methyl propionate and 2-hydrox-2-methyl-3-(4-fluorophenylthio)propionic acid. The present invention further discloses micronized rac-bicalutamide and the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Methods of synthesizing an acylanilide include contacting a compound having the structure of Formula I: 1

Abstract: A method is provided for processing a solution having optical isomers to obtain a (2R,3S) target isomer: 1

Abstract: Stereoselective process for the industrial synthesis of compounds of formula (I): 1

Abstract: Polyisocyanates of the diphenylmethane series are produced by a) reacting aniline and formaldehyde in the presence of an acidic catalyst to produce a polyamine, b) neutralizing the reaction mixture from step a) with a base at a temperature of more than 110° C. or neutralizing the reaction mixture from step a) with a base and heating the neutralized mixture to a temperature of more than 110° C., and c) phosgenating the polyamine from step b) to convert it to the corresponding polyisocyanate.

Abstract: Use of phosphorous organic compounds of general formula (I) 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of organic carbonyl compounds.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of ethers of hydroxybenzoic acid having general formula (I), which comprises reacting a hydroxybenzoic acid, optionally substituted, with a halide XR1, wherein X is a halogen such as chlorine, in a basic environment and in an aqueous or aqueous/organic biphasic solvent.

Abstract: A method for producing an organic acid and/or an organic acid ester which utilizes a steam system permitting stable production of an organic acid and/or an organic acid ester and realizing a high thermal efficiency constantly relative to the waste heat generated in the process of the production is provided. More particularly, this invention concerns a method for the production of an organic acid and/or an organic acid ester, wherein heat generated in the process for producing an organic acid and/or an organic acid ester is recovered in the form of steam, and the steam is used in any of the following forms: {circle over (1)} thermal energy, {circle over (2)} dynamic energy, and {circle over (3)} electrical energy in the process for producing an organic acid and/or an organic acid ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering and producing C4-C6 dicarboxylates from an alkaline waste solution generated in a caprolactam preparation process, in which the alkaline waste solution is treated with sulfuric acid to separate into an aqueous phase and an organic phase, allowing valuable substances contained in the organic phase to be firstly oxidized and converted into dicarboxylic acids. The dicarboxylic acids then undergo concentration, esterification and distillation processes, so as to obtain desirable C4-C6 dicarboxylates with high purity. This therefore provides an efficient and improved method for effectively recovering most valuable substances from the alkaline waste solution, so that economic benefits in recovery are greatly raised.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for oxidizing primary amino alcohols, primary or secondary alkenols or alkinols into the corresponding acids or ketones. According to said method, a primary amino alcohol or a primary or secondary alkenol or alkinol is oxidized in the form of a substrate, in the presence of an equimolar quantity of periodate or a molar excess thereof in relation to the alcoholic hydroxy groups and catalytic quantities of dichromate or CrO3 and in the presence of an acid in water, a water/solvent mixture or a solvent at a temperature of −20 ° C. to +50 ° C., to produce the corresponding acid or the corresponding ketone.

Abstract: Process for the oligomerization of one or more olefinically unsaturated monomers comprising three or more carbon atoms, at least one of these monomers consisting of a C3 to C30 aliphatic mono-olefin, which process comprises reacting the olefinically unsaturated monomer(s) under oligomerization conditions in the presence of an effective amount of a catalyst system based on

Abstract: A process for the production of methionine which comprises (a) hydrolyzing the methionine amide in the presence of a catalyst comprising titanium to produce ammonium methioninate, said catalyst having a porosity of from 5 to 1000 nm, a total pore volume of from 0.2 to 0.55 cm3/g and a surface area of from 30 to 150 m2/g, and (b) a second step of recuperating methionine from the ammonium methioninate salt by removing ammonia. Also claimed is an industrial process for the production of methionine incorporating the aforementioned hydrolysis.

Abstract: A process for producing fomesafen from acifluorfen comprises the steps of (a) converting acifluorfen to its acid chloride, (b) coupling the acid chloride so formed with methanesulphonamide to form crude fomesafen and (c) purifying the crude fomesafen, characterized in that each of the steps is carried out in a single common solvent, which is preferably a chloroalkane.

Abstract: Novel cytotoxic polyamine analogues are disclosed. These analogues are useful pharmaceutical agents for treating diseases where it is desired to inhibit cell growth and/or proliferation, for example cancer and post-angioplasty injury.

Abstract: In a decarbonation process for removing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-containing gas with the use of an amine compound-containing absorbing solution, an amine compound accompanying a decarbonated exhaust gas is efficiently recovered in the following manner: A water washing section is constituted in two stages, a first-stage water washing section 64 and a second-stage water washing section 65. In these water washing sections, recovery of the amine compound accompanying the decarbonated exhaust gas is performed sequentially. Regeneration tower refluxed water is supplied as washing water to the second-stage water washing section 65. Washing water is withdrawn from the second-stage water washing section 65 and supplied to the first-stage water washing section 64. Demisters 83, 84 and 85 are provided at outlets of a carbon dioxide absorption section 73, the first-stage water washing section 64 and the second-stage water washing section 65.

Abstract: Disclosed is a modified polyphenylene ether having a number average molecular weight of not smaller than 4,000, which is obtained by reacting a precursory modified polyphenylene ether with a phenolic compound in the presence of a radical generator, wherein the precursory modified polyphenylene ether comprises a plurality of polyphenylene ether chains each having a terminal phenolic hydroxyl group, wherein the plurality of polyphenylene ether chains collectively have at least one terminal phenolic hydroxyl group modified and wherein not all of the terminal phenolic hydroxyl groups of the plurality of polyphenylene ether chains are modified. Also disclosed is a method for producing the modified polyphenylene ether.

Abstract: A method of producing a chemical reaction is provided. In the practice of one embodiment of the invention, the method includes the steps of providing a reaction vessel and reactants; placing at least one of the reactants in the reaction vessel; and allowing the reaction to proceed for a time interval. A volume increment of at least one of the reactants is withdrawn from the reaction vessel, and a volume increment of at least one of the reactants is added to the reaction vessel. The volume increment withdrawal/addition is repeated after successive time intervals until the reaction reaches a substantially steady state. In various alternative embodiments, the volume increment withdrawal can take place before, after, or contemporaneously with the volume increment addition.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a process wherein 1, 2,4-butanetriol can be obtained safely, easily and inexpensively without causing problems concerning wastewater. A malic diester, 3-hydroxy-&ggr;-butyrolactone or 3,4-dihydroxybutanoate represented by the following formulae (I), or a mixture thereof is reduced with sodium borohydride in an organic solvent to give 1,2,4-butanetriol represented by the following formula (II). When an optically active substance is used as the above-mentioned starting compound, substantially no recemization occurs during the reduction, and optically active 1,2,4-butanetriol is obtained.

Abstract: A process for greatly improving the color index of polyhydric alcohols, especially trimethylolpropane, by hydrogenation comprises using, in the hydrogenation, an alcohol which has already been purified by distillation. The catalysts used are those conventionally employed in hydrogenations, preferably copper, nickel, palladium or ruthenium catalysts.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system of making an olefin derivative from a dilute olefin feed. Dilute olefin is sent to an olefin reaction unit to form an olefin derivative product. The olefin derivative product is recovered from the reaction unit while a vent stream is also removed. Olefin is separated from the vent stream, and the olefin is sent to the olefin reaction unit for additional processing.

Abstract: The invention relates to economical and efficient methods for producing 2-methylene-3-methylbicyclo[2,2,1]heptane, 2,3-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene and the like that are useful for materials of producing base oil of traction drive fluid for traction drive lubricating oil. The methods comprise reacting one or more C3-4 acyclic olefins with cyclopentadiene and isomerizing the resulting bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene derivatives in the presence of an isomerization catalyst to give one or more bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives.

Abstract: A zeolite catalyst is described corresponding to an acid form of ITQ-7 zeolite and/or all its possible intergrowths, its method of preparation and its application for the alkylation of aromatics with olefins, alcohols or polyalkylated aromatic compounds. It is considered that the catalyst and the application to which this present invention refers are particularly valuable for the production of cumene.

Abstract: A process for treating methane-containing natural gas is provided which comprises: i) converting methane to methanol at or near a site of natural gas production; ii) transporting the methanol to a refinery remote from said site of production, said refinery producing ethylene and propylene and comprising an alkylation unit which can utilize a propylene feed; and iii) converting said methanol to gasoline boiling range fuel product and petrochemicals, including ethylene, propylene, butenes and xylenes.