Abstract: To provide a positive resist composition having high sensitivity, small defocus latitude depended on line pitch and less surface roughening at the etching, which can be suitably used for micro-photofabrication using far ultraviolet ray, particularly, ArF excimer laser ray.

Abstract: A resist composition containing a compound generating an acid by irradiation of an active ray or radiation and having a sulfonimide structure represented by formula (I) defined in the specification, which is excellent in sensitivity, resolution, pattern profile and edge roughness.

Abstract: This invention describes a heat sensitive composition comprising: (A-I) a compound which is represented by the following general formula (I) and generates a radical when heated, and (B-I) a compound having physical and chemical properties that are changed irreversibly by a radical,

Abstract: A polymer comprising recurring units of formula (1) wherein R1 is H or methyl, R2 is H or C1-8 alkyl, R3 is hydrogen or CO2R4, and R4 is C1-15 alkyl and recurring units having a carboxylic acid protected with an acid-decomposable protecting group containing an adamantane or tetracyclo-[4.4.0.12,5.17,10]dodecane structure and having a Mw of 1,000-500,000 is novel. A resist composition comprising the polymer as a base resin is sensitive to high-energy radiation, has excellent sensitivity, resolution and etching resistance and lends itself to micropatterning with electron beams or deep-UV.

Abstract: Provided are a resist material having markedly high resolution and etching resistance of a practically usable level, and being useful for fine microfabrication; a patterning method using the resist material; and a polymer useful as a base resin for the resist material. More specifically, provided are a polymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 1,000 to 500,000, which comprises one or more repeating units selected from the group consisting of repeating units represented by formulae (1) to (3) below; and one or more repeating units of the formula (4) below; and a resist material containing the polymer.

Abstract: An optical data storage medium containing a preferably transparent substrate which has optionally already been coated with one or more reflecting layers and onto the surface of which a photorecordable information layer, optionally one or more reflecting layers, and optionally a protective layer or an additional substrate or a top layer are applied, which data storage medium can be recorded on and read using blue or red light, preferably laser light, wherein the information layer contains a light-absorbing compound and optionally a binder, characterized in that at least one hemicyanine dye is used as the light-absorbing compound.

Abstract: A method for forming a fine pattern in a semiconductor substrate, by coating a target layer to be etched on a semiconductor substrate with a resist composition including at least one compound capable of forming a photoresist pattern by a photolithography process, and a free radical initiator. The free radical initiator is capable of being decomposed by a thermal process at a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature of the at least one compound. A lithography process is performed on the resist compound layer to form a photoresist pattern. The resist compound layer having the photoresist pattern formed therein is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature of the at least one compound, and wherein a partial cross-linking reaction in the resist composition occurs.

Abstract: Disclosed is an etching method of a laminated assembly having a metal layer and a non-thermoplastic polyimide layer bonded together via thermoplastic polyimide, which comprises using an etchant at least containing an alkali metal hydroxide, water and oxyalkylamine, wherein the concentrations of the alkali metal hydroxide (X weight %) and of the water (Y weight %) have relationships represented by coordinate points present within a region (inclusive of boundary lines) defined by the following expressions [1] and [2]:

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes a semiconductor processing method. An antireflective material layer is formed over a substrate. At least a portion of the antireflective material layer is annealed at a temperature of greater than about 400° C. A layer of photoresist is formed over the annealed antireflective material layer. The layer of photoresist is patterned. A portion of the antireflective material layer unmasked by the patterned layer of photoresist is removed. In another aspect, the invention includes the following semiconductor processing. An antireflective material layer is formed over a substrate. The antireflective material layer is annealed at a temperature of greater than about 400° C. A layer of photoresist is formed over the annealed antireflective material layer. Portions of the layer of photoresist are exposed to radiation waves. Some of the radiation waves are absorbed by the antireflective material during the exposing.

Abstract: By forming a microlens of negative photoresist, economical microlens fabrication processes may be used which, in some embodiments, may achieve microlenses having good optical clarity and high thermal stability. In one embodiment, a positive photoresist may be used as a pattern mask to transfer a pattern to the negative photoresist. The microlenses may be formed by dry etching the positive photoresist which acts as a mask to transfer a pattern to the underlying negative photoresist. At the same time a scratch protection layer may be formed over regions not overlying optical sensors.

Abstract: A ruler or similar flat article is provided with an upstanding handle in the form of a decorative design. The ruler and handle may be formed by a photoetch or chemical milling process, with full etching through the metal at edges and partial etching at the design elements in the body portion and handle portion. The handle portion can be unitarily formed and bent at a partially etched join line, and then reinforced using a solder or a braze. Brass or another metal may be used. The partially etched design detail in the handle portion creates a textured surface that facilitates gripping.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic lightsensitive material comprises, on a support, at least one lightsensitive silver halide emulsion layer and at least one non-lightsensitive layer.

Abstract: A photographic processing composition for silver halide color photographic lightsensitive material, comprising at least one compound represented by the formula (I):

Abstract: A waste gas treatment system having a burner part and a combustion chamber provided at the downstream side of the burner part, wherein combustion flames are formed from the burner part toward the combustion chamber, and a waste gas is introduced into the combustion flames, thereby oxidatively decomposing the waste gas. The combustion chamber is formed from an inner wall made of a fiber-reinforced ceramic material. Therefore, the wear of the inner wall due to heat and corrosion is minimized, and thermal stress cracking is also reduced. Consequently, the lifetime of the system increases, and the cost of equipment and the availability factor can be improved. In addition, because the inner wall exhibits no catalytic effect, the formation of thermal NOx is suppressed, and it is possible to achieve environmental preservation and to simplify the treatment equipment.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein is a method and apparatus for use therewith for creating flow passages of approximately equal cross section whereby a flow of a fluid through any passage will be approximately equal to the flow of a fluid through another passage.

Abstract: An oxy-fuel burner generates a long, luminous, stable and adjustable flame temperature profile flame by incorporating separate, fuel and oxygen jets oriented in a unique geometry. In one preferred embodiment, the fuel is injected horizontally at medium injection velocity (50-200 m/s) while primary oxygen is injected underneath the fuel jet at supersonic velocity (300-500 m/s). The supersonic velocity oxygen jet (20 to 50% required for stoichiometric combustion) entrains fuel and furnaces gases in it's core for the primary flame development over the furnace load. The subsequent mixing of the fuel, primary oxygen and entrained furnace gases establish a low NOx, stable, long and luminous primary flame. The secondary oxidant, preferably air or low purity oxygen (50 to 80% of stoichiometric needs), is injected above the flame using one or more oxygen jets to create an oxy-fuel flame with adjustable flame characteristics.

Abstract: An anti-condensation device for a flame sensor (10) of a combustion chamber (12), wherein the sensor (10) is disposed outside the combustion chamber (12) and determines the presence of the combustion flame by means of an aperture (14) provided in a wall of the chamber (12); the device comprises at least two tubular structures (22, 24), one of which (24) surrounds the other (22) at least partially, an annular space in which air flows being provided between these two structures (22, 24).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combustion of a fuel in which a first-stage fuel and a first-stage oxidant are introduced into a combustion chamber and ignited, forming a primary combustion zone. At least about 5% of the total heat output produced by combustion of the first-stage fuel and the first-stage oxidant is removed from the primary combustion zone, forming cooled first-stage combustion products. A portion of the cooled first-stage combustion products from a downstream region of the primary combustion zone is recirculated to an upstream region of primary combustion zone. A second-stage fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber downstream of the primary combustion zone and ignited, forming a secondary combustion zone. At least about 5% of the heat from the secondary combustion zone is removed. In accordance with one embodiment, a third-stage oxidant is introduced into the combustion chamber downstream of the secondary combustion zone, forming a tertiary combustion zone.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for use therewith for a main burner of a gas turbine. The method employs catalytic combustion to support main combustion. More specifically, a rich fuel/air mixture is catalytically oxidized with the resulting reacted mixture being made lean by having additional air added thereto. The resulting lean mixture is then combusted in the presence of the main mixture that is also lean thereby supporting combustion of the main mixture. The method allows for enhanced turndown of a lean main mixture.

Abstract: In a gas burner for introducing a fuel/air mixture into a combustion chamber, a tube is provided for introducing a source of primary air into a core portion of the fuel air mixture. The resulting secondary flame that is produced within the primary flame causes a reduction of NOX gases, which can be attributed to the dispersion of combustion byproducts within the primary flame. In one embodiment, the air supply tube enters the area of the fuel air mixture radially and then turns and extends axially along an extended axis of the burner.

Abstract: A method for setting the performance of a gas operating cooking device by setting a complete combustion of the fuel gas/air mixture supplied to the gas burner of the cooking device.

Abstract: Apparatus for supplying natural gas fuel to heat the boilers of an ocean-going tanker for the transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) comprises a compressor having an inlet communicating with the ullage space of at least one LNG storage tank and an outlet communicating with a conduit leading from the compressor to fuel burners associated with the boilers, and a forced LNG vaporiser having an inlet communicating with a liquid storage region of the said tank and an outlet communicating with the same or a different conduit leading to fuel burners associated with the boilers.

Abstract: A combustion system for automatic, real-time control of a combustion process which can be applied with significant advantage to a wide range of furnaces, boilers and combustors. The system includes a burner body having a primary first fluid inlet end forming at least one primary first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet end forming at least one first fluid outlet. An inner conduit is disposed within the burner body, forming a fluid flow region between the burner body and the inner conduit. The inner conduit has a second fluid inlet distal from the first fluid outlet and a second fluid outlet proximate the first fluid outlet. An internal adjustment device is provided for adjusting a flow cross-sectional area for a first fluid and/or a second fluid disposed within the burner body.

Abstract: A device that maintains the thermal stability for oil-fired heating systems with above ground oil storage tanks. This device maintains a system fluid temperature through a series of functions. When a thermal sensor detects a drop in fluid temperature in the above ground oil storage tank and the oil-fired heating system is operating, a switching device and temperature controller supplies heating power to the fluid heating coil. When a prescribed temperature of the fluid is achieved, the device deactivates until the next drop in fluid temperature is detected. The fluid temperature is maintained through the de-active cycle with a protective, thermally insulating oil tank blanket.

Abstract: A description is given of an assembly (10) consisting of a precombustion chamber (1) and electrode (2), for producing the ignition and combustion of a fuel (5) while maintaining the flame temperature below a predetermined value, and keeping the flame front (F) in the proximity of an aperture (1p) of the precombustion chamber (1) which opens into one or more cylinders (3i), this fuel (5) being injected towards the said aperture (1p) of the precombustion chamber (1) by an injector (4) having its injection nozzle (4n) located within the closed rear end (1c) of the precombustion chamber (1) opposite the aforesaid aperture (1p), in which the said electrode (2) has the shape of a solid of revolution and is positioned coaxially with respect to the said aperture (1p) within the part of the precombustion chamber (1) which terminates at the aperture (1p), and has an axial length (L) such that, at any instant, the aforesaid flame front (F) generated by the combustion is always in contact with the electrode (2).

Abstract: A clear plasto-elastomeric material comprising a thermoplastic, an elastomer or a copolymer or a blend thereof, mineral or vegetable oil, or a mixture thereof, and a fire retarding agent, is disclosed. This material has a combination of resiliency and shock absorption and is exceptionally hydro-slimy. Footwear made of this material has a high degree of comfort and shock absorption, slides made with the lining of this material are more efficient than water slides, and candles made with this material are freestanding, unbreakable, and have a very long burning time. The candles have been enhanced with photochromic, thermochromic, iridescent, fluorescent, and phosphorescent materials and with combinations thereof.

Abstract: Candles without conventional wicks have a long-life wick assembly mounted upon them, consisting of a supporting metallic dish that carries a permanent short wick. The wick includes heat conducting elements, which convey heat downwardly from the candle flame to form a pool of molten wax below the dish, into which pool the wick extends. Wick extensions may be used, when a permanent container supports the wick assembly. In the case of free-standing wax candles the shape and construction of the wick-support dish limits the extent of the pool, to maintain the surrounding candle wall intact. The candles are long-burning, and the wick assembly follows down the length of the candle, as the candle is consumed. The metallic dish acts as a heat and safety barrier, to contain the candle flame. An intermediate yoke supports the wick and connects the wick to the dish and limits the rate of heat transfer to the underlying candle.

Abstract: The present invention is a radiator element composed of a metal foam for use within a radiant burner. The radiator element is comprised of a homogenous network about a plurality of inter-connected cells thereby forming a gas-permeable metal foam. The homogeneous network may be composed of a metal or metal alloy capable of withstanding combustion temperatures typical of fuel-air reactions and resisting damage produced by flashback. Inter-connected cells include irregular-shaped voids, circular-shaped voids, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A combustor for waste gas treatment having a flame stabilizing zone 15 surrounded by a peripheral wall 13 and closed with a bottom wall 14. The flame stabilizing zone 15 is provided to face a combustion chamber 11. Burner ports 23 for auxiliary combustible gas are provided in the peripheral wall 13 to inject an auxiliary combustible gas B into the flame stabilizing zone 15 so as to produce swirling flows. Burner ports 22 for waste gas are provided in the bottom wall 14 to inject an waste gas A into the flame stabilizing zone 15.

Abstract: The invention relates to a conveyor belt to be used in a continuously operated conveyor-type thermal treatment, i.e. sintering, of a material bed. The conveyor belt is provided with perforations in order to allow the gases that are used for heating and possibly cooling the material bed to flow through the material bed and the conveyor belt. According to the invention, the conveyor belt is made of a perforated, at least one-part element made of a metal piece and allowing the gases to flow through said element being mechanically connected to the preceding and successive element in the proceeding direction of the conveyor belt by means of a junction made in the lateral direction of said conveyor belt, and the perforations are arranged in zones alternating with perforation-free element pats.

Abstract: The method for the manufacture of an impression-making spoon for dental use, of the type comprising a tray for the impression-forming material and a handle for manipulation of the spoon, envisages forming the tray and the handle by means of folding of a single sheet of cut laminar material.

Abstract: A deformable disposable high volume aspirator comprising a flexible conduit for the transmission of aspirated fluids, a means for selectively deforming said flexible conduit, a means for diffusing suction during high volume aspiration, and a means for connecting said flexible conduit to a vacuum valve. The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art by providing an aspirator that is disposable having a flexible deformable conduit member with a malleable metal wire that may be selectively shaped to fit into a patient's mouth whereupon a source of vacuum having been connected to a distal end by means of a connection member and a suction tip on the other distal end can remove a large volume of matter from a patient mouth without lodging onto a patient's cheek or gums that may cause discomfort. The suction tip has a plurality of furcations and a central structure member forming apertures within the suction tip.

Abstract: The disclosed drive system and fixture mount self limit the torque that can be applied to an implant during implantation to a value that is nondamaging to the implant. System components include releasably engaging elements. In certain embodiments, elements deform, elastically or permanently, to limit the applied torque. The fixture mount serves as an impression post and abutment for a temporary prosthesis and is subject to chair side modifications by the surgeon. Methods of shaping the fixture mount for use as an abutment and making a dental restoration using the shaped abutment are disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosed fixture mount limits torque that may be applied when installing a dental implant and also serves as an impression post and an abutment for a temporary prosthesis. In preferred embodiments, the fixture mount is formed of plastic and is subject to chair side modifications by the surgeon so as to be better suited as an abutment. Methods of shaping the fixture mount for use as an abutment and for making a dental restoration using the shaped abutment are disclosed.

Abstract: An element for aiding in the cementation of a fixed dental prosthesis that results in equal pressure being applied to the prosthesis comprising a block having a first end (M) and a second end (d). The first end (M) is thicker than the second end (d), and when the first end is mesially placed and the second end is distally placed between two dental arcades, equal pressure is applied to the prosthesis. The block may be frustropyramidal, frustroconical, or helical in shape.

Abstract: The present invention is used to obtund tooth decay and periodontal lesions by obstructing the proton motive force that exists in bacteria. The result is that glycolysis, DNA synthesis and chelation is upset and this will cause bacteria to dissolute logrithmically. The invention is also used to harden and remineralize enamel and dentin by using fluoride compounds available in over-the-counter dental cleansers. The invention takes into consideration the vector magnitude of the hydration layer between the enamel and the pellicle plaque layer of teeth which insulates the teeth from the electrical potentials of electrophoresis. The claim that electrical potentials can be placed on teeth does not take this physico-chemical phenomenon into consideration. This invention uses the proper voltage to produce ionization of molecules in a salivary slurry of gels, dentrifice's and rinses.

Abstract: An explosion simulation device comprising an elongated body formed with a hollow chamber, the body being formed with end apertures at opposite ends thereof and a plurality of radially-directed side apertures along an axial length thereof, the end apertures and side apertures being in fluid communication with the hollow chamber, a pyrotechnic substance disposed in the hollow chamber, and a detonator disposed in the body for detonating the pyrotechnic substance, wherein the end apertures and side apertures are arranged with respect to one another such that forces of post-combustion gases, formed as a product of detonation of the pyrotechnic substance and which are vented through the end apertures and side apertures, are directed in directions that tend to cancel movement of the body.

Abstract: A flight instruction educational system and method for learning proper operation of selected aircraft or other types of machinery comprising a plurality of rigid panels forming an upper control deck cantilever assembly, a lower control deck assembly, a plurality of pictorial displays depicting instrumentation affixed to the rigid panels, video player and monitor disposed within the boundaries of the panels, and audio/video storage medium such as a video cassette or DVD containing the instructions and selected scenes for viewing during instructions. The system may also include a central processing unit for administering and tracking instructions and a plurality of switches, levers and gauges that may be actuated to further simulate the feel of operating the aircraft or machinery, wherein the switches, levers and gauges may be electrically coupled to the CPU for monitoring.

Abstract: A method of training an aircraft pilot using a flight simulator having a controller that generates a plurality of simulated fault conditions and a fault analysis guide. The fault analysis guide includes a fault procedures section printed with a plurality of fault procedures each corresponding to a fault condition, and further includes a visual procedure locator section and a nonvisual procedure locator section. The visual procedure locator section includes printed indicator symbols that are arranged in the same general spatial orientation as the arrangement of a plurality of indicators a warning light panel. Each printed indicator symbol is graphically representative of a single indicator and has an associated locator symbol indicating the location of an appropriate fault procedure in the fault procedures section. The nonvisual procedure locator section includes a list of the physical error conditions not associated with the plurality of indicators.

Abstract: A method of adding time-zone capability to existing PIM software that lacks such capability. A separate time-zone application runs in parallel with the existing PIM software. When the time-zone application determines that the user's time zone has changed, it changes appointments in the PIM database to reflect the new time zone.

Abstract: The sticker sets are an improved and portable toilet training aide and behavioral modification teaching and learning tool system. They come in many themes. Each theme allows children creativity and imagination development while reinforcing a positive and rewarding system for toilet training and behavior modification. The sticker sets are colorful pressure sensitive labels which children place onto a preprinted background of various themes. Each individual theme set has a theme background design which is imprinted onto a surface such as, but not limited to, paper and has a variety of approximately thirty colorful theme related designs imprinted onto a surface such as, but not limited to, a pressure sensitive label stock and custom die cut on a second sheet. The child selects a sticker for a successful potty or behavior modification experience and then places it anywhere he or she desires on the preprinted background sheet.

Abstract: A repetitive motion feedback system is provided with various sensors and devices for monitoring aspects of a repetitive motion sequence, such as a golf swing. The monitored aspects can include motion properties of an object moved by the user, position properties of the user and motion properties of the user. A data processing system for receiving data of the monitored aspects provides feedback data that is provided to a feedback output device, such as a graphical display device or speaker, so that the user is provided with feedback regarding the repetitive motion sequence. In one particular embodiment, the user's performance is compared to a template of a prior performance, with feedback being provided regarding the differences.

Abstract: A learning system includes a teacher station and a plurality of student stations for holding learning sessions between a teacher and a plurality of students over a plurality of interactive communication channels. The teacher station selects an interactive communication channel to communicate with one of said plurality of student stations. As a result, the teacher to separately interacts with each of the plurality of students over a selected interactive communication channel.

Abstract: A self-contained, self-sufficient computer bus is disclosed, featuring a number of computer workstations with computers and peripherals. The computers are networked with servers that are housed on the bus, and by using a satellite internet system, the computers have broadband, two-way internet access. The bus includes a special support beam placed longitudinally inside the bus, and this beam helps secure various pieces of furniture, including the workstations themselves, cabinets, and racks to hold the servers. The bus provides its own power using a generator, although it can use local power if available.

Abstract: Fixed-dried red blood cells (RBCs), and processes for preparing the same are disclosed. The red blood cells, upon reconstitution with distilled water or appropriate buffer: bind oxygen with native affinities, have partial deformability, present minimal thrombogenicity to platelets, and have oblated blood group antigens. The RBCs are preferably fixed by means of cross-linkers with aldehyde functions such as paraformaldehyde or glutaraldehyde either alone or in combination. Native oxygen kinetics are achieved by preparing the red blood cells with 1,6-diphosphofructose. Blood group antigens and chemical functions that render the lyophilized RBCs thrombogenic are occluded by chemically attaching polyoxyethylene glycol polymers to the surface membrane of the red blood cells. The cross-linked red blood cells are preferably died by lyophilization.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to stem cell and progenitor cell-containing populations derived from adipose tissue that are cryopreserved, the process for recovering and storing those cell populations, and the therapeutic uses of such populations upon thawing. It is further directed to the connective tissue matrix material, which may also be extracted from adipose tissue, preserved for subsequent therapeutic, structural, or cosmetic use in a mammalian patient.

Abstract: Methods are provided for evaluating estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of candidate therapeutic agents. Such methods are generally based on assays to detect modulation of estrogen-regulated marker expression in one or more specific cell types. Agents identified using such methods may be used, for example, in the prevention and treatmnt of diseases such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Abstract: A biosensor for detecting a bioeffecting substance in a test sample includes a cell network of at least one electrically excitable cell provided on a substrate in a predetermined geometry with a predefined axonal/dendritic polarity. The at least one cell is capable of producing a signal in response to the presence of the bioeffecting substance. At least one signal transducer is provided with the substrate in a predetermined geometry and is capable of detecting the signal produced by the cell. A culture medium capable of supporting metabolism of the cell is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cloned gene encoding a protein which co-activates hormonal receptors, in particular the androgen receptor, in humans and relates, in addition, to the use of the co-activator protein as an important constituent in clinical tests for diagnoses of human clinical conditions.

Abstract: A cell culture device which facilitates a culture operation while maintaining conditions suited for culture of cells. A cell culture device 11 comprises first and second culture units 12a and 12b, a cell feed unit 14, a liquid feed unit 15, a liquid waste tank 16, a gas exchange unit 18, and a control unit 101. Cells are cultured in the first and second culture units 12a and 12b. A CCD camera 22 provides image data of the cells to the control unit 101. The control unit calculates concentration of the cells from the image data and determines timings to replace a culture medium and perform subculture in accordance with the concentration.