Abstract: There is provided a polarizer constituted by a polarizing element, and at least one transparent protective film constituted by two layers of retardation films with an in-plane retardation in a range of from 190 to 320 nm with respect to light having a wavelength of 550 nm. The transparent protective film is bonded onto one of opposite surfaces of the polarizing element so that a fast axis of each of the retardation films is parallel with an absorption axis of the polarizing element. The two layers of retardation films are constituted by a combination of a retardation film with Nz of from 0.05 to 0.2 and a retardation film with Nz of from 0.3 to 0.45 in the condition of nx>ny and Nz=(nx−nz)/(nx−ny) in which nx and ny are in-plane refractive indices of the retardation films respectively, and nz is a refractive index in a direction of thickness of each of the retardation films.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes three lens units which are a first unit having a negative refracting power, a second unit having a positive refracting power, and a third unit having a positive refracting power arranged in the stated order from the side of an original surface. Zooming is effected by changing an air space between the first unit and the second unit and an air space between the second unit and the third unit. The second unit has a diffractive optical element.

Abstract: A coated lens for use in a riflescope, telescope, spotting scope, binoculars, or the like is provided. The coating on the lens comprises two layers, an anti-reflective layer adjacent the lens and a hydrophobic layer disposed on the anti-reflective layer. The hydrophobic layer preferably includes an organosilane compound. Advantageously, the coating does not significantly reduce light transmission through the lens.

Abstract: An area or a part which is shaded or does not receive a sufficient amount of light due to a structure or other objects is irradiated by light distribution control or luminous flux density control with diffusion, refraction, division and the like of light. Sunbeams are diffused by a transparent body disposed above two buildings, and the diffused light reaches an area or a part that has conventionally been shaded.

Abstract: A multi-beam tool is disclosed which can perform square, plumb, and level function which may be required in a construction environment. The tool can generate in a preferred embodiment up to five orthogonal beams with two beams being plumb and three beams being leveled. Combinations of two level beams, or a level and a plumb beam in orthogonal arrangement can produce a square alignment set of beams. The tool includes in a preferred arrangement a self-leveling pendulum to which a laser and quad-mirror arrangement is secured. The self-leveling pendulum is damped in order to allow the tool to settle down and provide alignment after the tool is positioned as desired. The quad-mirror, the magnetic damping, and the coiled wire allowing power to be provided to the laser assembly, each separately, and also in combination, provide for a compact tool.

Abstract: The cover unit for a head-up display disposed in a vehicle opens and closes an opening which passes beams of an image emitted from a displaying device toward a screen. The displaying device is disposed in the dashboard, and the image is superposed on a foreground of the vehicle to be visible from a driver's eye. The screen is located outside the dashboard. The cover unit has an intercepting plate for interrupting a view line directed from the eye toward the inside of the dashboard in a standing state of the intercepting plate. The intercepting plate is movable between the standing state and a lying state. The cover unit further has a cover body movable between a closed state and an open state of the opening. The cover body is hinged to the intercepting plate so that the cover body is folded up with the intercepting plate at the open state and the cover body is extended together with the intercepting plate in the closed state.

Abstract: Multiple channel multiplexing/demultiplexing devices include an optically transparent optical block seated atop an optically transparent beam-directing member. The optical block includes a plurality of wavelength selective elements, a plurality of reflectors, and at least one imaging optical element. The beam-directing member includes a beam folding mirror and focusing lenses. When the devices are used as demultiplexers, a multi-channel beam is directed into the optical block and relayed in a zigzag pattern onto the wavelength selective elements, which separate selected wavelengths from the beam. The separated wavelengths propagate through the beam-directing member and are focused onto optical receptors.

Abstract: An enhanced illumination system for a micro-display comprises an illuminator for a reflective display panel having a light source and a prism. The prism has a first substantially planar face proximate to the light source and to the display panel, so that light propagates from the light source into the prism through the first face and is redirected to the display panel through the first face. A second face of the prism is positioned opposite the light source so that light reflected from the display panel impinges on the second face and propagates to imaging optics. The illuminator may also include an auxiliary prism optically coupled to the second face of the first prism to correct for astigmatism of the reflected light from the display panel and a beam splitter between the first prism and the auxiliary prism.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus having a light source for generating a white light, a liquid crystal panel for modulating an incident light from the light source, a polarizing plate which is located at a light exiting side of the liquid crystal panel for polarizing a light from the liquid crystal panel passed therethrough and a cooling liquid for cooling at least the liquid crystal panel and the polarizing plate. A projection lens device having plural lens elements which is located at a light exiting side of the polarizing plate is provided for projecting the light passed through the polarizing plate. One of the plural lens elements located nearest the polarizing plate has a negative refractive power in a center region containing an optical axis thereof and has a positive refractive power in a peripheral portion of the center region.

Abstract: A flexible lens is provided that comprises at least two chambers encased by a flexible membrane and separated by a partition, wherein pressure within the chambers is regulated such that when one chamber receives positive pressure, the other chamber receives negative pressure. Accordingly, a first lens portion and a second lens portion of the flexible membrane flex in the same relative direction when the pressure is regulated. In addition, a variable optical input such as an iris diaphragm is provided that operates in concert with the flexible membrane. As a result, the flexible lens generates a constant spot size output having a substantially flat intensity distribution and a substantially uniform angular distribution. Similarly, the flexible lens generates a variable spot size output having a substantially flat intensity distribution and a substantially uniform angular distribution when the optical input is constant.

Abstract: An afocal, wide converter lens is provided in order to shorten the focal length of a main lens, thereby shortening the projection distance that is needed to fully illuminate a given screen size when the wide converter lens is attached to the enlarging side of a main lens which is used as a projection lens of a projection apparatus. The wide converter lens is formed of, in sequential order in a direction from the enlarging side to the reducing side of the main lens: a first lens element of positive refractive power; at least one lens element of negative refractive power; a first cemented lens of negative refractive power that is formed of a negative lens element that is cemented to a positive lens element; and a second cemented lens of positive refractive power that is formed of a positive lens element that is cemented to a negative lens element. Various conditions are satisfied in order that the wide converter lens does not degrade the optical performance of the main lens.

Abstract: A zoom lens comprises first to fifth lens groups successively from the enlargement side. The first lens group is fixed upon changing power and has a negative refracting power and a focusing function. The second and third lens groups having a positive refracting power and the fourth lens group having a negative refracting power are moved with a mutual relationship so as to continuously change power and correct the image surface movement caused by the continuous change in power. The fifth lens group has a positive refracting power and is fixed upon changing power. The first to fifth lens groups satisfy predetermined conditional expressions concerning their focal lengths.

Abstract: A zoom lens is described that includes: a first lens group having positive refracting power and fixed with respect to an image plane; a second lens group having negative refracting power and varying power, wherein the power is varied by moving along an optical axis; a third lens group having positive refracting power and fixed with respect to the image plane; and a fourth lens group having: positive refracting power and moving along an optical axis so as to keep the image plane varied by movement of the second lens group and an object at a predetermined position from a reference surface. The first, second, third, and fourth lens groups are disposed from the object side to the image plane side in this order. The second lens group is composed of two negative lenses and one positive lens. The third lens group is composed of two positive lenses and one negative lens. The fourth lens group is composed of a positive lens. The second to fourth lens groups include at least one aspherical surface, respectively.

Abstract: A position detecting device is used with a lens barrel that includes an optical system, an optical system driving member that moves at least part of the optical system, and a driving force transmitting member that transmits rotational driving force from a driving source to the optical system driving member. The position detecting device includes a linear moving member that converts rotational motion of the driving force transmitting member into a linear motion, and a detector that detects the linear movement of the linear moving member. This arrangement is capable of providing a very compact structure. The driving force transmitting member can be a rotating shaft-like member that rotates through at least one rotation. The position detecting device also can include a backlash eliminating member (e.g., a spring) that eliminates a backlash between the driving force transmitting member and the linear moving member.

Abstract: One surface of an objective lens is provided with a zonal part which acts such that the quantity of light having a wavelength of &lgr;1 is apparently canceled in the outer peripheral portion of the luminous flux due to an interference effect, whereas the quantity of light having a wavelength of &lgr;2 in the outer peripheral part is kept as it is. The zonal part has such a step that light supposed to pass a position corresponding to the zonal part if the zonal part does not exist and light passing a position at which the zonal part is formed if the zonal part exists generate therebetween a phase difference satisfying a predetermined conditional expression. The numerical aperture at a boundary position of the step has a value between two numerical apertures for the respective wavelengths &lgr;1 and &lgr;2.

Abstract: An optical pick-up device includes a light emitting unit for directing a laser beam onto a storage medium; a reflecting member that reflects the laser beam emitted from the light emitting unit in a direction substantially perpendicular to a storage surface of the storage medium; and a focusing member that focuses the laser beam reflected from the reflecting member onto the storage surface of the storage medium, the light emitting unit being mounted at an angle such that an axis of the laser beam directed onto the reflecting member from the light emitting unit and an axis of the laser beam reflected onto the storage medium form an angle of less than 90 degrees, a position from which the laser beam is emitted from the light emitting unit being provided in a direction closer to the storage surface of the storage medium from a center of the light emitting unit.

Abstract: A wide-angle projection lens is disclosed having three lens groups of negative, positive, and positive refractive power, respectively, in order from the enlarging side, and that favorably corrects both distortion and lateral color. The wide-angle projection lens includes a diaphragm positioned between the second lens group and the third lens group, and is especially suitable for use in a rear-projection-type image display device that uses a multi-display technique wherein multiple projection lenses arranged in an array, with each projection lens displaying image information for a particular segment of the image to be displayed. By satisfying specified conditions, the wide-angle projection lens, when used in a projection-type image display device, enables the image display device to be more compact.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical system for crystallization tool for producing an crystallized silicon thin film by using an excimer laser as a light source to crystallize an amorphous silicon thin film through a fine stripped pattern, including 1st to 10th lenses sequentially arranged along an optical axis from said excimer laser, wherein the 1st lens having both side made convex; the 2nd lens having one side made convex toward the light source and the other side concave; the 3rd lens having one side made convex toward the light source and the other side concave; the 4th lens having both side concave; the 5th lens having both side made convex; the 6th lens having one side concave toward the light source and the other side made convex; the 7th lens having one side made convex toward the light source and the other side concave; the 8th lens having both side made convex; the 9th lens having one side made convex toward the light source and the other side concave; and the 10th lens having both side made

Abstract: A testing stand for printing plates has an upright frame, a printing plate support having opposed lateral ends, and guide members connected to the opposed lateral ends of the printing plate support. The guide members engage the frame and connect the printing plate support to the frame so that the printing plate support is vertically moveable. A magnifying glass carriage is slidably connected to the printing plate support. An illumination device is connected to the frame.

Abstract: A pickup device has a light source, an objective lens for converging rays of light emitted from a light source onto a recording medium, a lens holder for holding the objective lens, and supporting element for movably supporting the lens holder. The pickup device is uniquely featured in that a part of the objective lens and a part of the lens holder are movable relative to each other so as to adjust an inclination of an optical axis of the objective lens.

Abstract: A mirror of an aged appearance is produced by antiquing an unaged mirror. The antiquing is accomplished by first removing a primer layer which overlies the silvered back of the mirror to expose a rear silvered surface. The rear silvered surface is then distressed by applying a patina which removes portions of the surface, preferably more in peripheral areas then in the interior area of the silvered back. A cardboard back panel which has been painted with a mixture of black paint, brown paint, and aluminum particles is then mounted against the distressed silver surface.

Abstract: A magnetic tape recording system employing a single bump read-while-write head, methods of minimizing crossfeed signals between the read and write channels of magnetic tape recording systems, and electronic circuitry to implement such methods.

Abstract: In a rotary head apparatus a first reproducing magnetic head and a second reproducing magnetic head are oppositely arranged between a rotating shaft; and a first recording magnetic head and a second recording magnetic head are also oppositely arranged between the rotating shaft. One of the magnetic head elements of the first recording magnetic head and one of the magnetic head elements of the second recording magnetic head are connected to a first channel of a rotary transformer; and the other magnetic head element of the first recording magnetic head and the other magnetic head element of the second recording magnetic head are connected to a second channel of the rotary transformer, to thereby enable simultaneous recording and reproducing.

Abstract: A tape running control method in which a tape runs between a supply reel and a take-up reel, and a rotation speed of said take-up reel is controlled by using rotation periods of said supply reel and said take-up reel, whereby a running speed of said tape is controlled. The method comprises the steps of detecting a thickness of said tape; calculating a predetermined total tape wound amount by using the detected thickness of said tape; and controlling the rotation speed of said take-up reel by using the thus-calculated total tape wound amount.

Abstract: A driving circuit for a voice coil motor (VCM) includes a full bridge output stage for driving the motor in a pulse width modulated (PWM) mode. A multiplexer having two inputs is coupled to respective output nodes of the full bridge output stage, with one of the output nodes providing a back electromotive force induced in the motor upon setting in a high impedance state the full bridge output stage and conducting at least one transistor connected to ground in the full bridge output stage after current through the motor has decayed to zero. A controller compares a voltage representing a desired speed of the motor with the back electromotive force, and generates a correction signal based upon the comparison.

Abstract: A servo track configuration includes at least one servo track having a width. A servo pattern is repeatedly recorded in the at least one servo track. Repeatedly recording the servo pattern includes repeating the simultaneous recording of first and second reference pattern lines and a track pattern line in the at least one servo track. Each of the first and second reference pattern lines has an identical predetermined geometry and extends across the width of the at least one servo track. Further, the track pattern line has a predetermined geometry that is different than the predetermined geometry of the first and second reference pattern lines and extends across the width of the at least one servo track.

Abstract: Piezoelectric elements or similar microactuators perform fine positioning in a system including at least two masses bendably coupled to a larger body. A servo controller receives a position signal from a sensor on the first mass, from which it generates a signal to control microactuators coupling other masses to the body. The movement of the other masses thereby exerts a controlled reactive force upon the body and upon the first mass. Examples include disc drive systems in which the reactive forces are used to counteract one or more unwanted excitations in an actuator body or actuator arm.

Abstract: The disk drive unit is capable of fully preventing vibration of magnetic heads, which are caused by turbulent air streams. The disk drive unit includes: an enclosure; a shaft being provided in the enclosure and capable of rotatably holding a disk; and a screen member being provided on an inner face of the enclosure, enclosing the shaft and being extended in parallel to the shaft. In the disk drive unit, a space is formed between the screen member and an inner bottom face of the enclosure.

Abstract: A stationary disc separator plate for use in a disc drive to suppress turbulence near a disc drive read/write head used to read data from and write data to a rotatable disc. The stationary plate is supported adjacent the disc and has substantially circular inner and outer circumferences. A leading edge and a trailing edge of the plate define an open portion to accommodate radial movement of the head adjacent the disc. A trailing edge air dam disposed at the trailing edge of the plate diverts a substantial portion of an airflow generated by rotation of the disc away from the open portion to reduce an airflow velocity at the head. In disc drives having multiple discs, a plate is preferably disposed between each pair of adjacent discs. Air vents preferably extend through the thickness of the plate to reduce aerodynamic drag and hence power consumption by the drive.

Abstract: A holder is pivoted to a chassis upwardly and downwardly movably. A lateral shift restraining piece is positioned on the chassis at a small distance away from an inner side surface of the holder, is opposed to a side plate of the holder in a horizontal posture, and is out of opposed relation with the side plate when the holder is in an upright posture. A pivotal movement restraining piece is elastically deformably provided on the chassis for preventing the holder from opening excessively by the contact of an end thereof with the holder when the holder is pivotally moved upward.

Abstract: A disc clamp for a disc drive used to secure a disc stack in position when the disc is mounted to a hub. The disc clamp is annular with a central opening and has three tabs. The three equidistantly spaced tabs extend radially inward from the circumferential edge of the central opening. The disc clamp is resiliently flexible and has a continuous annular disc contact region adjacent to an outer circumferential edge. The disc clamp also has at least three screw openings each for receiving a screw fastener to fasten the disc clamp to the hub in the clamping position. The disc clamp resiliently flexes in the clamping position to cause the annular disc contact region to bear against the surface of the outermost stacked disc to clamp the disc stack against radial and axial movement.

Abstract: The magnetic head of the present invention includes a P1 pole having an opening formed therethrough, and a P2 pole that is formed over the opening. A second magnetic pole tip is positioned relative to the first magnetic pole such that the first magnetic pole is symmetrically disposed relative to the second magnetic pole tip. Induction coils may be helically wound around portions of the first and/or second magnetic poles, or, alternatively, a planar, spiral induction coil may be fabricated for use with the first and second magnetic poles. An enhanced embodiment includes a first magnetic pole tip piece having a length that defines the throat length of the magnetic head and a thickness that increases the gap at rearward portions of the second magnetic pole tip of the magnetic head.

Abstract: A magnetic disc cartridge includes a magnetic disc with a center core and a casing which contains therein the magnetic disc for rotation and is provided in its lower side with a center core opening for giving access to the center core to a disc drive member of a disc drive system. A cover member which covers the space between the center core opening and the center core is provided on the lower side of the casing.

Abstract: The second inner wall 30b and the fourth inner wall 30d of the hole 5 of the slider 4 comprises the second and the fourth projections 31b and 31d, and the first inner wall 30a is not provided with a projection and is inclined to the vertical surface 50 at an angle &thgr;. The raising portions of the second projection 31b and the fourth projection 31d is made in the radius curvature portion 51. Since, at the time of insertion of the front core 8 into the hole 5, side portion 8e of the front core 8 abuts to the first inner wall 30a at one line, the front core 8 is positioned precisely by the pushing force of the front core 8 in the A direction, and by application of a provisional adhesive to near B portion and near fourth projection 31d.

Abstract: A slider for improved head-disc interface. The slider includes a slider body, an air bearing and edge surfaces. Edge surfaces of the slider include a rounded edge surface having a deposited edge covering for head-disc interface.

Abstract: An actuator latch cooperating with a magnetic assembly for latching an actuator assembly of a data storage device is provided. The magnetic assembly includes a magnet secured to one of a pair of pole pieces. The actuator latch includes a latch body adjacent the magnet assembly; a forward arm extending in a first direction from the latch body, a first ferromagnetic member supported by the forward arm disposed between the pair of pole pieces interacting with the magnet to maintain the actuator assembly in an un-latched position during operation of the data storage device; a trailing arm extending in a second direction from the latch body; and a pair of ferromagnetic members supported by the trailing arm disposed between the pair of pole pieces interacting with the magnet to secure the actuator assembly in a latched position during non-operation of the data storage device.

Abstract: An inertial latch for a linear actuator disk drive includes a carriage assembly carrying read/write heads linearly into and out of engagement with a recording medium. An arm rotating about a pivot has one end which engages the latch, and a counterweight on the other end of said arm. A key on the counterweight slides linearly in a slot as the carriage assembly moves linearly. The key fits into a keying portion of the slot which constrains said counterweight so that it cannot move if it is tilted by gravity or shock.

Abstract: A hard disk apparatus wherein one of two second actuators is expanded and the other is simultaneously contracted to bend a supporting member in a width direction orthogonal to a length direction of the supporting member to generate a displacement and a vibration of the supporting member in the direction orthogonal to the length direction. When a smooth surface of a magnetic head sticks to a record surface of a magnetic disk, the magnetic head receives a force in the width direction of the supporting member in a plane substantially parallel to the record surface by the expansion and contraction operation of the second actuators to reduce the sticking between the magnetic head and the record surface.

Abstract: A disk apparatus has a mechanism for adjusting a head load pressure exerted on a lower surface of a floppy disk by a lower magnetic head. The magnetic head load pressure adjustment mechanism is fixed to a carriage body, and includes a lower suspension and a head load pressure adjustment lever. The lower suspension has a head load spring portion, the spring force of which generates the load pressure exerted on the lower surface of the floppy disk by the lower magnetic head. Rotating the head load pressure adjustment lever changes the state of the deflection of the head load spring portion, thereby adjusting the head load pressure of the lower magnetic head.

Abstract: An inverted hybrid type thin film magnetic head includes a substrate, an inductive recording element and a magnetoresistive reading element. The inductive recording element has a first magnetic film provided on an inner surface of a recessed portion formed in the surface of the substrate and on the surface of the substrate to constitute a pole portion, a thin film coil, a gap film formed on the pole portion of the first magnetic film and on an insulating film which supports and isolates coil turns, and a second magnetic film applied on the gap film and having a pole portion opposed to the pole portion of the first magnetic film via the gap film. The magnetoresistive reading element includes a magnetoresistive film formed within a shield gap film provided on the second magnetic film and a third magnetic film formed on the shield gap film.

Abstract: In a magnetoresistance element including a lower electrode layer which is formed directly on a lower shield layer or on another layer which is formed on the lower shield layer or so as to serve also as the lower shield layer; a magnetoresistance effect layer which is formed on part of the upper surface of the lower electrode layer; and an upper electrode layer which is formed above the lower electrode layer so that part of its lower surface will at least be in contact with the upper surface of the magnetoresistance effect layer, the upper electrode layer is formed so that the upper electrode layer seen in a plan view will avoid the edge of the lower electrode layer except at the ABS (Air Bearing Surface) of the magnetoresistance element.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor which detects an external magnetic field with the aid of a ferromagnetic free layer having a magnetic moment responsive to the external magnetic field. The magnetic sensor has an antiferromagnetic layer which is magnetically exchange-coupled to the free layer to produce an exchange bias field He which acts on the free layer to bias its magnetic moment along a certain orientation such as the transverse direction. The additional exchange bias field He is used in balancing a total transverse internal magnetic field Ht which is due to other fields generated by the sensor itself. The value of exchange bias field He is set, e.g., by selecting a certain thickness and a certain composition of the antiferromagnetic layer. The magnetic sensor of the invention can also have a non-magnetic spacer layer interposed between the free layer and the antiferromagnetic layer or be in contact with the free layer.

Abstract: In a magnetoresistive effect transducer including a pinning layer, a pinned layer, a free layer and a non-magnetic layer inserted between the pinned layer and the free layer, a longitudinal bias layer is connected directly to a part of the free layer to apply a bias magnetic field to the free layer, thus biasing a magnetization direction of the free layer so that the magnetization direction of the free layer coincides with that of the longitudinal bias layer.

Abstract: A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) head for a magnetic recording system includes a MTJ valve and a first flux guide disposed proximate a first edge of the MTJ valve. The first flux guide has a first portion, which defines the track width, proximate a an air bearing surface of the MTJ head and a second portion proximate the first edge. The width of the first portion, the track width, is smaller than the width of the second portion, the MTJ valve's width. The resistance of the MTJ valve is lower since the cross-sectional area of the MTJ valve is not decreased as the track width is decreased. The MTJ head further includes a second flux guide proximate a second edge, which is farther from the air bearing surface than the first edge.

Abstract: A switching regulator includes an input power supply connected to an input of the switching regulator; at least one input/output disconnection switch disposed between the input power supply and a device connected to an output of the switching regulator, for interrupting the supply of an energy to the device from the input power supply; and a device for limiting a rush current that flows into an output capacitor from the input power supply when the input/output disconnection switch turns on to start step-up operation.

Abstract: In order to provide a circuit breaker, in particular a residual-current circuit breaker or residual-current device, having a variable time delay, which firstly has a stable no-trip response to short-term fault currents and secondly has a particularly short tripping time both in the event of sinusoidal fault currents and in the event of non-sinusoidal fault currents, a delay circuit is provided which comprises two series-connected comparators with a time-delay module connected between them. In this case, there is a smoothing module upstream of the first comparator.

Abstract: A high-voltage tolerance input buffer and a high-voltage ESD protection circuit connected to a pad of an integrated circuit for preventing rapid gate oxide aging. The high-voltage tolerance input buffer of the present invention comprises a voltage-sharing circuit and a switch circuit, wherein the voltage-sharing circuit is connected between the pad and a power rail and generates a reference voltage not higher than the voltage of the pad. The switch circuit is connected to the voltage-sharing circuit and comprises a control gate to control the switching operation of the switch circuit according to the reference voltage. The present invention can be implemented to solve the rapid gate oxide aging problem without incurring any change in the original process flow by employing a voltage-sharing circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting electronic equipment includes an electrical ground connection in soil and connected to the electronic equipment, and a sensor for sensing an electrical resistance of the electrical ground connection. A dispenser is connected to the sensor for dispensing a liquid into the soil adjacent the electrical ground connection responsive to the sensed electrical resistance being higher than a first threshold to thereby decrease the electrical resistance. The electronic equipment may also be disconnected from a power source based on the resistance of the electrical ground connection.

Abstract: A method and system for driving a magnetizing fixture. A driving circuit produces in the conductor of a magnetizing fixture a first current whose magnitude increases substantially linearly with time, then produces a substantially constant current in the same direction, then produces a current in the same direction whose magnitude decreases substantially linearly with time, thereby forming a substantially trapezoidal magnetization current waveform having symmetrical sides. The circuit comprises a first energy storage device for supplying electrical energy to the magnetizing fixture, a second energy storage device for receiving electrical energy from the magnetizing fixture, and a commutator interconnecting the first energy storage device, the second energy storage device and the magnetizing fixture for stopping the flow of electrical energy into the magnetizing fixture from the first energy storage device and starting the flow of energy from the magnetizing fixture into the second energy storage device.

Abstract: To provide a DC source drive type portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer having a simple source supply operation. A power supply input section of a DC power supply driven portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer, comprising polarity discrimination means 3 for discriminating the polarity of a DC power supply input to a DC power supply input terminal 1 and a DC power supply input terminal 2, and polarity display means 4 for displaying the polarity of the input DC power according to the output of the polarity discriminating means 3. There is also provided reverse connection protection means 5 for preventing supply of current to a load side when input indicating that the DC power supply has reverse polarity is detected from the polarity discrimination means 3.