Abstract: Method for assigning a spare area in a rewritable optical recording medium is disclosed, in which a supplementary spare area is assigned as necessary if an enlargement of the spare area is required. The present method includes (1) determining an allowable size of the supplementary spare area, and (2) assigning the supplementary spare area in variable increments within the allowable size determined in (1).

Abstract: An equalizer for producing an equalized signal from an input signal. The input signal has a DC component. The equalizer includes a programmable filter and equalizer. A detector for generating a threshold signal from a preprocessed signal. The preprocessed signal is generated from the equalized signal. A comparator for comparing the preprocessed signal to the threshold signal to produce an output signal. A tracking device for tracking the DC component from the output signal.

Abstract: A digital sum variation (DSV) computation method and system is proposed, which is capable of determining the DSV value of a bit stream of channel-bit symbols to thereby find the optimal merge-bit symbol for insertion between each succeeding pair of the channel-bit symbols. This DSV computation method and system is characterized in the use of a Zero Digital Sum Variation (ZDSV) principle to determine the DSV. This DSV computation method and system can find the optimal merge-bit symbol for insertion between each succeeding pair of the channel-bit symbols in a more cost-effective manner with the need for a reduced amount of memory and utilizes a lookup table requiring a reduced amount of memory space for storage so that memory space can be reduced as compared to the prior art. This DSV computation method and system is therefore more advantageous to use than the prior art.

Abstract: Positioning means (5) for positioning a recording medium at a predetermined position on a read mechanism of a device after the recording medium loaded into a loading opening (11) has been transported to the read mechanism or a detector means for detecting that the recording medium has been positioned is provided pivotably about one end thereof inside the device. The positioning means (5) comprises first positioning portion (52) for positioning a recording medium of a smaller diameter and a second positioning portion (53) for positioning a recording medium of a larger diameter. The detector means comprises a first detector member (52a) for contacting with the rim of the recording medium of the smaller diameter and a second detector member (53a) for contacting with the rim of the recording medium of the larger diameter.

Abstract: Disclosure is a collision preventive device of a pickup device in an apparatus for performing recording or reproducing, with relative movement, to or from an optical information recording medium recorded with information on a track. The device includes a contact portion to be contacted with a surface of the optical information recording medium earlier than an objective lens when the objective lens approaches the surface of the optical information recording medium, and a non-contact portion provided adjacent the contact portion not to be contacted with the surface of the optical information recording medium in an area corresponding to a path of a light spot defined by a diameter of the light spot of a light beam on the track.

Abstract: Provided is an optical probe array head device in which a single optical detector or a plurality of optical detectors are disposed to each of the optical probes constituting an optical probe array having a plurality of apertures. The optical detectors are arranged to surround the aperture so as to be able to efficiently detect scattering of a feeble near-field light enabling similtaneous detection of a multipilicity of optical signals. In this device, an optical lens system necessary for optical detection can be omitted by integrating the optical probe array and the optical detectors. In addition, the output signals from the optical detectors can be utilized for conducting position control of the optical probe array head.

Abstract: An optical reproducing method using an optical recording medium having grooves and lands alternately provided in a radial direction. Information recording areas are formed in both of the grooves and the lands, and prepit regions where a groove is not formed are provided. In a prepit region, first information marks are disposed on a virtual extension of a first boundary between one groove and one adjacent land and second information marks are disposed on a virtual extension of a second boundary between the one groove and an other adjacent land. A trailing edge of the first information marks is aligned in the radial direction. The method includes irradiating an optical spot on the optical recording medium detecting a reflected beam from the optical recording medium, and reproducing information to the optical recording medium by using a signal obtained by the reflected beam.

Abstract: A method for reproducing information from an optical medium including a substrate with grooves and lands alternately formed on the substrate in a radial direction. The grooves and the lands both serve as tracks which are divided into units in the circumferential direction. Each unit has a prepit area in a non-groove portion of the substrate with a first prepit being represented as VFO information in the prepit area and a second prepit being represented as address information in the prepit area. The first prepit and second prepit are located on both sides of a center line of one track and are arranged with respect to one another. The method includes irradiating an optical spot on the optical medium, detecting address information, controlling the irradiation position of the optical spot on the basis of the address information and reproducing information.

Abstract: An information recording medium including a disk-like substrate with a plurality of tracks extending in a circumferential direction on the disk-like substrate and associated with a plurality of grooves. The grooves are wobbled in a radial direction of the disk-like substrate and each track is divided into a plurality of recording units of circular arc shape extending in the circumferential direction. A zone is provided which includes at least two recording units which are adjacent each other in the radial direction, and radially adjacent recording units of a respective zone are delimited by a pair of radial lines, and central angles formed by the recording units are constant within one zone.

Abstract: A cartridge accommodates a recording medium etc, and includes an opening and a shutter for opening and closing the opening. The shutter surface is formed with a hole with which an external drive member engages for driving the shutter. An inner side peripheral surface of the hole, upon which at least the drive member impinges when opening and closing the opening, is constructed of a bending portion continuous from the shutter surface. The bending portion can be worked as a continuous surface by punching out a prepared hole so as to leave a portion corresponding to the bending portion and thereafter bending it. A resinous protection layer having a thickness more than 12 &mgr;m is provided on the shutter surface upon which the drive member impinges when engaging with the hole.

Abstract: In a multi-directional orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) communication system, for example, on a digital subscriber line, an uplink channel is provided by a first group of the OFDM sub-channels (sub-carriers), and a downlink channel is provided by a second group of the OFDM sub-channels (sub-carriers). In one aspect, communication efficiency is improved by controlling the relative number of sub-channels allocated to each group, and hence controlling the capacity of the channels dynamically. Preferably, the relative capacities are controlled in response to demand for channel capacity. In another aspect, the orthogonality of the sub-carriers generated by different transmitters is improved by providing a frequency and/or time synchronising signal for providing reference frequency and timing.

Abstract: A method of protecting ATM connections in a telecommunications network including at least one protection domain which covers only a portion of a connection, each protection domain comprising a source node and a peer sink node. Each source node and its peer sink node can be interconnected by at least two alternative connection segments and can switch over from one connection segment to the other. Any node of the network can send an alarm message downstream over a current path and each node can store a connection fault status when it receives such an alarm message. Each sink node which receives the alarm message sends a switchover request message to its peer source node to request a switchover which is executed only if the peer source node has not itself stored an alarm message. The sink node switches over only if the peer source node has responded positively.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for overload control in a hybrid switching system that separately transports each monomedia stream, such as video, voice and data, of a composite multimedia signal. The overload control is based on the time delay for completion of call establishment of each multimedia session. When the average time delay for completion of call establishment of each multimedia session is below a predefined threshold, the system has sufficient capacity and overload corrective measures are not required. When the average time delay for completion of call establishment of each multimedia session, or a connection for any individual monomedia component within the multimedia session, exceeds a predefined threshold, the switching system is approaching an overload condition, and overload control must be implemented to reduce the number of calls accepted in the next time interval.

Abstract: In a method and arrangement for controlling accesses of network terminal units to predetermined resources of a packet-oriented communication network, in the context of connection setups, partial communication network resources requested by network terminal units arranged in a packet-oriented communication network are assigned to these units by entering access authorizations into annularly chained memories. By sampling the memories, the access to the assigned partial communication network resources is granted to the network terminal units in a manner corresponding to the entered access authorizations. Advantageously, the communication network resources are distributed to arbitrarily many network terminal units.

Abstract: In a data communication network, a first connection is established over a wireless link between a terminal and a router and a second connection is established between the router and a server over a land-line network. Communication protocol data necessary for communication control with the server is transferred from the terminal to the router. A data signal from the terminal is received at the router and converted into a packet according to communication protocol defined by the transferred protocol data between the router and the server and then transmitted to the server. A data signal from the server is received at the router and converted into a packet according to communication protocol defined by the transferred protocol data between the router and the terminal and then transmitted to the terminal.

Abstract: A method for flow control in asymmetric digital subscriber line (“ADSL”) devices. The method includes flow control that adapts to changes in line conditions such as noise signals, onhook/offhook signals, etc. that may result in degradations in the quality-of-service in an ADSL system. The flow control includes buffering outbound data and ceasing transmission of data at an original transmission rate on an ADSL device that is used on a customer site. An original data transmission rate is adjusted based on changes in line conditions. One more or data transmission characteristics may be adjusted before sending any data at a new data transmission rate. For example, Asynchronous Transport Mode (“ATM”) often uses ADSL devices as a physical layer to transmit data. ATM available bit-rate, constant bit-rate, variable bit-rate or unspecified bit-rate transmission characteristics or ATM quality-of -service characteristics may be adjusted before sending any data at a new data transmission rate.

Abstract: Network (300) collects performance data associated with each network element, passes the performance data associated with each network element to a network management element (330), creating a global traffic conditioning control, communicates the global traffic conditioning control to at least one of the plurality of network elements, and re-shapes an internal control of at least one of the plurality of network elements based on the global traffic conditioning control. In another aspect, a network (400) detects congestion of a micro communication flow associated with at least one of a plurality of communication traffic flows at a first network element, detects a communication traffic flow priority at a first level associated with the congested micro communication flow, changes at a second network element, in an upstream communication flow in relation with the first network element, the priority from the first level to a second level.

Abstract: A node in an asynchronous transfer mode exchange network comprises a bandwidth monitor circuit for calculating a bandwidth used for a virtual path by measuring a cell amount entered into each virtual path, cell stored buffers for respectively storing an input cell for every virtual path, a bandwidth allocation control circuit for deciding a bandwidth allocation ratio, in accordance with a used bandwidth ratio obtained by reference to each bandwidth used for every virtual path from the bandwidth monitor circuit, depending on a change of the Queue length in a cell within the cell stored buffer, and an output bandwidth control circuit for controlling output of the respective cell stored buffers, in accordance with the bandwidth allocation ratio decided by the bandwidth allocation control circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, which relates to request and response processes between a transmission source node and a transmission destination node, for autonomously selecting an optimum path by obtaining an actual response time per unit data length and estimating a response time for each path. Upon receipt of a response, which is returned from a transmission destination node 111, to a service request issued from the transmission source node (client), a path selecting apparatus calculates and stores an actual response time. The system comprises estimation individuals to be used for estimating a response time for each of clients, and makes each of the plurality of estimation individuals evolve into an estimation individual which can make a more preferable estimate by using a genetic algorithm, each time the actual response time is stored.

Abstract: Methods for determining at least two pre-computed paths to a destination in a communications network are provided. The two paths are maximally disjoint. Maximally disjoint paths are paths where the number of links or nodes common to the two paths is minimized. This minimization is given a priority over other path considerations, such as bandwidth or cost metrics. By pre-computing a maximally disjoint pair of paths, the probability that an inoperable link or node is in both paths is minimized. The probability that the inoperable link or node blocks a transfer of data is minimized. Additionally, a pair of maximally disjoint paths is determined even if absolutely disjoint paths are not possible. The communications network may include at least four nodes, and maximally disjoint pairs of paths are pre-computed from each node to each other node. A third path from each node to each other node may also be computed as a function of bandwidth or a cost metric.

Abstract: A system for appending data to a packet whereby the original CRC calculated by the transmitting station is not modified and is retained in order to determine the occurrence of transmission errors at the receiver. The invention is applicable in communication systems whereby the data to be appended to the packet comprises a fixed length. The invention appends the data in the form of a tag to the tail of the packet after the original CRC and, in addition, determines and appends a tag CRC to the tail of the packet following the tag data. The tag CRC has a value such that the CRC machine in the receiver generates a constant CRC value even though the packet length was increased. A tag CRC is generated that when appended to the packet produces the same result as if the packet was processed through the CRC machine without any data appended.

Abstract: Between communication equipment to be loaded in a vehicle and a base station, CDMA data communication is performed. A speed sensor detects a traveling speed. When the speed sensor crosses a speed determining value, a communication speed is changed. When the vehicle is at a halt or travels at a low speed, the communication speed is set to be high. When the traveling speed exceeds the speed determining value resulting from acceleration, the communication speed is decreased. Satisfactory communication is performed in the whole speed range, and data communication can be performed at the maximum speed. In order to change the communication speed, for example, a chip rate of PN code is changed. Also, the number of PN codes to which parallel processing is simultaneously applied is changed. Thus, it is possible to set the communication speed to be high even in a high-speed mobile object.

Abstract: A communication apparatus properly switches connection by means of a transmission protocol determining section or a reception protocol determining section. In accordance with a transmission request from a telephone or a facsimile machine, the transmission protocol determining section activates either an Internet phone controller or an Internet FAX controller and performs data transmission via either a public switched telephone network interface or a LAN interface. The reception protocol determining section activates either the Internet phone controller or the Internet FAX controller and sends data, received via either the public switched telephone network interface or LAN interface, to the telephone or facsimile machine. With various terminals connected to one another over a LAN, therefore, those individual terminals can be used effectively on an Internet by adaptively connecting telephones, facsimile machines, etc. to the LAN, Internet, public switched telephone network or the like.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for choosing a route in a hierarchical transmission system including a plurality of interconnected nodes includes generating local routing tables in which routes between nodes on the same hierarchical level are saved and global routing tables in which routes between nodes on different hierarchical levels are saved. A route is chosen from the routing tables in response to a request for a connection between a source node and a destination node.

Abstract: A system and method for incrementally updating remote element lists in an electronic network comprises a communication media manager that notifies an event manager whenever the electronic network is altered by a network event that adds or removes devices. The event manager responsively notifies a device-control module manager that is subscribed for notification when a network event occurs. The device-control module manager responsively generates a network analysis to various software elements in the electronic network to indicate either the addition or removal of a device on the network. A local registry element may then receive the network analysis and responsively generate an updated remote registry list, in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: A system and method for providing PBX-like functionality at a remote office location utilizes a remote office platform interposed between a data communications network and the conventional office PBX. A remotely located individual (such as a telecommuter) can “log in” to the remote office platform and, once the individual is authenticated, the platform can “push” a graphical user interface emulating a PBX station set to the remote employee's personal computer. As the individual activates the various PBX-like features (by “clicking” on a particular button on the screen) a command is returned to the remote office platform and ultimately communicated to the office PBX to affect the desired result (e.g., call transfer, hold, conference, etc.). Inbound traffic to the office PBX destined for the remote individual will be immediately forwarded by the PBX to the remote office platform to be communicated to that person's “soft phone” on the personal computer.

Abstract: A system and method for dynamic timer regeneration in a communications network comprising a first node, a second node, and a third node, wherein the first and second nodes comprise a first and second response timer, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention, generally speaking, provides a digitally-tunable, echo-cancelling analog front end (AFE) for wireline digital communications. The analog front end is especially useful in a High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) or HDSL2 environment. An analog echo simulation path is provided capable of simulating echo from a wide variety of echo paths. Digitally controlled attenuators are provided in the transmission path and in the analog echo simulation path. Also provided is a digital-tunable equalizer stage. The equalizer stage is tuned to match the characteristics of the receive path. The same arrangement may be adapted for various DSL technologies, i.e., xDSL. There results an analog front end that is well-adapted to high-speed wireline communications.

Abstract: In a code division multiple access (CDMA) communications system, a PN sequence generating device is provided to generate a PN sequence by interleaving of cyclically shifting the symbols of an orthogonal or biorthogonal code in accordance with a pre-defined hopping pattern. A receiver receives simultaneous signals from a plurality of transmitters, where each transmitted signal is spread by a PN sequence generated from the same pre-defined hopping pattern. The receiver is able to differentiate the received signals from each transmitter by varying the amount of interleaving or cyclic shift in each transmitted signal. In the PN sequence generating device, an orthogonal symbol generating portion cyclically shifts mutually orthogonal and periodic orthogonal code sequences, and an orthogonal symbol selector selectively outputs the cyclically shifted orthogonal symbols according to a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: A telecommunication system has a space segment which includes a satellite carrying a multibeam telecommunications payload and a terrestrial segment comprising gateways for access to a terrestrial network. There is one gateway within a terrestrial coverage of each beam or of a group of beams. User terminals communicate with the payload of the satellite. The payload has, on a forward path from any gateway to any user terminal, a frame by frame routing unit for messages transmitted in time division multiplex. On a return path from a user terminal to a gateway the payload has a routing unit operating within each group of carriers belonging to a given beam.

Abstract: A satellite payload processing system for processing an uplink signal consisting of a plurality of single-channel-per-carrier, frequency division multiple access carriers comprises a polyphase demultiplexer processor for separating the uplink signal into a time division multiplexed data stream of symbols. The polyphase demultiplexer processor presents the symbols corresponding to each of a plurality of carriers at respective ones of the frequencies in the uplink signal sequentially to an output of the polyphase demultiplexer processor. A phase shift keying demodulator and differential decoder demodulates the stream of symbols into corresponding time division multiplexed stream of digital baseband bits, which are then rate-aligned with respect to an on-board clock.

Abstract: A technique for providing high speed data service over standard wireless connections via an unique integration of protocols and existing cellular signaling, such as is available with Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) type systems through more efficient allocation of access to CDMA channels. For example, when more users exist than channels, the invention determines a set of probabilities for which users will require channel access at which times, and dynamically assigns channel resources accordingly. Channel resources are allocated according to a buffer monitoring scheme provided on forward and reverse links between a base station and multiple subscriber units. Each buffer is monitored over time for threshold levels of data to be transmitted in that buffer. For each buffer, a probability is calculated that indicates how often the specific buffer will need to transmit data and how much data will be transmitted.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method by which users may be moved between time slots or between base stations in order to better utilize the MCPA output power resources. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the power of all transceivers served by a certain MCPA is compared to a threshold value X. The value X is at least related to the capability of the MCPA in terms of output power. If at no times (i.e., at all time slots), the sum of the output power exceeds the threshold value X, it is assumed that the MCPA can handle all simultaneous transmissions. If, during at least one time slot it is found that the required output power exceeds the capability of the serving MCPA, then a reallocation or load sharing algorithm is invoked. The reallocation algorithm searches for time slots to which a reallocation could be performed within the same base station or number of transceivers served by the MCPA.

Abstract: A spread spectrum communications CDMA system (10) in which power control mitigates received signal fluctuations due to Rayleigh fading and hence achieve optimal system (10) capacity. The method and hardware implementation (42) is described for the inner loop (26) fast forward power control algorithm for a CDMA2000 handset. Good performance shown with the simulation results and a simple Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) implementation is achieved with a method and an apparatus (42) for the implementation of Eb/Nt estimation for inner loop (26) forward power control in CDMA2000 mobile station. The IS-95A system (10) employs a slow power control scheme for the Forward link (26). In the CDMA2000 system (10), a power control subchannel is introduced for a faster forward power control mechanism.

Abstract: Multiple code sets are introduced in the downlink of a CDMA system to allow for more connections in each cell. The codes are then allocated to different users taking into account the interference therebetween. The interference depends on the antenna gains, transmission powers used and cross-correlations between codes. By estimating these parameters the interference can be minimized in the code allocation process. Since the allocation of codes and code sets to geographical areas within a cell may change over time, code handoff is supported.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for wireless communication in systems such as omni-beam and narrow-beam fixed wireless loop (FWL) systems. In a first technique in accordance with the invention, referred to as code division duplex (CDD) time-slotted CDMA, uplink and downlink portions of the system are separated using code division duplexing, while the users within a given cell are also separated using codes, e.g., using time-slotted CDMA. In a second technique in accordance with the invention, referred to as time division duplex (TDD) time-slotted CDMA, uplink and downlink portions of the system are separated using time division duplexing, e.g., time slots, while the users in a given cell are separated using codes, e.g., time-slotted CDMA. Both the CDD and TDD techniques may make use of an electronically-steered beam which is designed to provide simultaneous coverage within a given cell for two or more users separated by codes.

Abstract: A wireless telecommunications network includes a base station controller which, in turn, is comprised of a call control resource manager and a multiple technology vocoder having first and second interfaces, first and second selection managers, a vocoder controller and first, second, third, fourth and fifth resources, each embodied as a software module, for performing D/A and A/D conversions on messages configured in accordance with EVRC, EFRC, RLP, VSELP and QCELP protocols, respectively. When transferring messages between a mobile terminal and an MSC via the base station controller, the mobile terminal first informs the call control resource manager of the protocol to which the message conforms. In turn, the call control resource manager advises of the vocoder controller of the protocol type for the incoming message.

Abstract: In a code division multiple access mobile communication system, a communication signal is modulated and multiplexed with different diffusion codes and is used in data communication between a base station (30) and each of mobile units (40, 41, 42). The communication signal is a time division multiplex signal with a repeated frame having a plurality of time slots (TS0, TS1, TS2) assigned to different radio channels, respectively. A slot synchronous signal is produced in accordance with a reference clock signal of a global positioning system. The time slots are synchronized between the base station and each of the mobile units in accordance with the slot synchronous signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the transmission of signals from one or more of a plurality of mobile stations to a base station on a plurality of M multiple access channels. A power control information packet formed from a plurality of power control bits is transmitted from the base station to the one or more mobile stations. Each of the power control bits in the power control information packet has a position that is mapped to a selected access channel and to a time offset within the selected access channel. The power control information packet is received at a first mobile station. A message is then transmitted from the first mobile station to the base station on a first access channel and at a first time offset associated with the first access channel. The message is transmitted from the first mobile station at a power level determined in response to a first power control bit in the power control information packet.

Abstract: The transmission of a service page according to the present invention provides for versatile data to be displayed on a display of a terminal, which is in contact with a telecommunication network, on the basis of CLIP or CoLP identifier information. This is implemented, for example, so that after having received (31) the CLIP identifier information, characteristic of a subscriber A, a subscriber B contacts a server (32), through a telecommunication network, and transmits (33) to it the CLIP information on the subscriber A. On the basis of this, the server transmits to the subscriber B the address of a service page (37), characteristic of the subscriber A, provided that it is located in a database (34, 35). After this, the subscriber B retrieves (38), from an Internet address (37) it has received, the service page, characteristic of the subscriber A, and displays it on its display (39).

Abstract: A Data Link Control protocol for 3G wireless communication system for direct support for network layer protocols, e.g. the Internet Protocol (IP), is provided. The Link Layer disclosed comprises a Link Access Control (LAC) sublayer and a Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer. At a transmit end of the wireless system, a plurality of Quality of Service (QoS) data planes are created to directly support the IP QoS. Each QoS data plane is optimized to handle QoS requirements for a corresponding Class of Service (CoS). Data packets received at the LAC sublayer are directed to a QoS data plane according to the particular QoS information they contain and processed according to the particular QoS requirement to generate variable size LAC frames. The variable size LAC frames are transmitted to the MAC sublayer for generating radio link protocol data units (RLP PDUs) to be transmitted to a receiving end.

Abstract: A wireless server system and method for communicating between a user terminal and Internet a wirelessly. It is based on a user terminal having a fixed terminal and a terminal unit so that an Internet connection can be made by way of the terminal unit to an appropriate wireless server. The system has at least one wireless server connected to Internet; and a plurality of wireless station devices connected to the wireless server, and the system communicates wirelessly with the terminal unit of the user terminal; wherein one wireless server within a district of communication range of the wireless station devices is designated as a home server for the terminal unit, and the fixed terminal receives data sent wirelessly from Internet by way of the terminal unit.

Abstract: A method and system of initializing state metrics for traffic, paging, and sync channels to enhance Viterbi decoder performance. Specifically, one embodiment of the present invention includes a common circuit adapted for initializing state metric data of a traffic channel, a paging channel, and a sync channel within a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system without compromising performance of any channel. The common circuit comprises a multiplexer stage coupled to receive a first signal and a second signal. Furthermore, the common circuit comprises a logic stage coupled to receive a plurality of signals. Additionally, the logic stage is also coupled to the multiplexer stage. As such, the multiplexer stage and the logic stage are adapted to initialize state metric data of any one of a traffic channel, a paging channel, and a sync channel within a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system.

Abstract: In a system in which multiple remote units compete for limited communication resources, a remote unit accesses the system by randomly selecting a first sequence from a set of predetermined sequences. The remote unit transmits a data bit stream modulated with the first sequence beginning at one of a set of recurring admission boundaries. If the remote unit determines that the data bit stream has not been successfully received at a hub station, it randomly selects a second sequence from the set of predetermined sequences. The remote unit transmits the data bit stream modulated with the second sequence beginning at one of the set of recurring admission boundaries.

Abstract: A frame period is specified by means of a predetermined signal; a management data transmission region is set in this frame period; and when common information to be transmitted from the control station in the management data transmission region is received at a plurality of communication stations, any of these communication stations performs processing for repeatedly transmitting the received common information, whereby when communications in a network system are controlled by a control station, a station incapable of directly making communication with a control station can be controlled satisfactorily.

Abstract: A wireless communicating method of a system having a plurality of communicating stations and a controlling station for causing the communicating stations to be accessed. A communication signal is transmitted between each of the communicating stations and the controlling station, the communication signal being structured as a frame divided as time periods of a control area and a data area. The controlling station transmits a communicating station state signal to each of the communicating stations and each of the communicating stations transmits a communicating station state change request signal to the controlling station so as to cause the controlling station to control access right of the communicating station corresponding to a priority level assigned to the communicating station.

Abstract: A packet switching is performed according to a routing information for relaying particular packets which is produced by the route computation based on the information of a received packet and the kept parts-of-routing-information useful as a basis for the route computation. At this time, the route through which the packet is relayed is determined on the basis of the kept parts-of-routing-information before the route computation. Then, the received packet is relayed according to the determined route. Next, a new routing information is produced by the route computation based on the information of the received packet and the parts-of-routing-information. Thereafter, the succeeding packets of the same route are relayed on the basis of the new routing information.

Abstract: A localized wireless gateway system provides wireless telephone communication, and for at least interexchange communication, provides voice telephone access to a public packet data network, such as the Internet. The wireless gateway system includes base station transceivers and a packet service gateway coupling the transceivers to the public packet data network. The packet service gateway compresses and decompresses voice frequency communication signals, and it sends and receives the compressed signals in packet form via the network. The packet service gateway also provides for signaling through the network to establish two-way voice communication sessions. In the preferred implementation, the localized wireless gateway system includes at least one radio port control unit coupled to the base station transceivers for controlling calls through the transceivers.

Abstract: A method of signaling including the steps of providing a first Internet end station, providing a second Internet end station, establishing a Plain Old Telephone network connection between the first Internet end station and the second Internet end station, exchanging an Internet item between the first Internet end station and the second Internet end station using the POT network connection, disconnecting the POT network connection between the first Internet end station and the second Internet end station, establishing an Internet connection between the first Internet end station and an Internet network, establishing an Internet connection between the second Internet end station and the Internet network, exchanging a first dynamic Internet address of the first Internet end station with a second dynamic Internet address of the second Internet end station, establishing an end to end Internet connection between the first Internet end station and the second Internet end station using dynamically assigned IP address

Abstract: A call fallback scheme is provided in a packet switched network. After receiving incoming calls, a Voice over IP (VoIP) link is established over a packet switched network with a destination endpoint. VoIP packets are generated from the incoming calls and sent over the VoIP link to the destination endpoint. When a low quality of service condition is detected on the VoIP link with the destination endpoint, a fallback call is established with the destination endpoint over a circuit switched network. The VoIP packets for the incoming calls are redirected from the VoIP link to the circuit switched data link. As opposed to simply hairpinning a TDM voice call back over the PSTN network 102, the same VoIP packets for the incoming calls originally destine for the destination endpoint over the packet switched network are rerouted through the fallback call. This simplifies synchronization with VoIP packets sent over the VoIP network.