Abstract: A method for improved resource utilization and increased call completion rates at a telecommunication application platform is disclosed for use in a telecommunication network. The telecommunication application platform includes a plurality of nodes including resource nodes and a global resource manager (GRM). The GRM receives a message identifying an idle communication channel for completing the user's call from a host switch in the telecommunication network. The idle communication channel being connected to a resource node in the application platform. The GRM determines whether the node connected to the idle communication channel has sufficient resources available to complete the call. If sufficient resources are available, the GRM completes the call at the resource node. If sufficient resources are not available at the resource node, the GRM identifies an alternative node to complete the call.

Abstract: A system and method for accepting customer calls for product related services and directing these calls to an appropriate customer care center. The system contains a customer support network and a customer transaction database for storing a plurality of product information and vendor/customer data. A transaction processor is arranged to process calls routed through the network and determine the appropriate call center for a particular customer from the entry of a customer personal identification number provided to the customer. The number accompanies a telephone access number. Both numbers may be imprinted on a support card.

Abstract: A method for monitoring agent telephonic interactions with customers, the method including a) receiving a CTI datum associated with a telephone call between an agent and a party, b) determining whether the telephone call is to be recorded by determining whether the CTI datum meets at least one predefined monitoring condition, and, if so, c) recording at least a portion of the telephone call.

Abstract: A telephone display unit in which by rotating a dial reception data histories are sequentially displayed and if a name corresponding to a telephone number has been registered, the name is displayed. If a name is not registered, a telephone number is displayed. In case of a reception in which a message has been recorded, the display unit showing the presence of the message is lit and this fact is notified. By selecting a necessary message by the dial and pressing a switch constructed integratedly with the dial, the selected message is directly reproduced. Only the necessary message can be reproduced without reproducing unnecessary messages or the reception in which no message is recorded.

Abstract: A device for echo attenuation in a digital transmission system comprises an impedance replica of the transmission path. The impedance replica consists of a terminating resistance replica, a transformer replica, and a transmission line replica. The device may further comprise a bridged tap replica. The transformer replica and the bridged tap replica are provided as on-chip components. The main transformer inductance replica and all components of the bridged tap replica are variable and may be set by software control.

Abstract: Line circuits can be supplied with a first voltage or a second voltage of a lower absolute value. At least the second voltage is variable. The line voltages of at least active line circuits are measured, and possible values for the second voltage are prognosticated. It is determined which line circuits can be supplied with the respective possible value, and the power consumption of those line circuits is calculated using each possible value. For the line circuits which cannot be so supplied, the power consumption is calculated using the first voltage. For each possible value prognosticated for the second voltage, the total power consumptions are summed, and the value that gives the lowest total power consumption is selected as the second voltage. The line circuits are then supplied with the first voltage or the selected second voltage.

Abstract: A portable communication device (1) comprising a first part (2); a second part (3); and coupling hinge (4) for pivotably coupling the first (2) and the second part (3). The device further comprises a connecting element (6) of the first part on a surface of the first part (2); a connecting element (13) of the second part on a surface of the second part (3); and said connecting elements (6, 13) are positioned to be against each other for enabling a mutual connection when the first part and the second part are in the closed position. Allows robustness and straightforward assembly at the manufacturing stage, and provides a structure that is lean, durable and easily accessible for maintenance.

Abstract: A digital data stream comprises an arbitrary number of data block (Pn). For a data block, a first processing element (B1n) is provided that contains at least one first logic unit (VK1), an encryption unit (Ek), and a second logic unit (VK2). With the first logic unit (VK1), the respective data packet (Pn), at least one preceding data packet (Pn−1), and a preceding intermediate quantity (In−1) are combined and are encrypted in the encryption unit (Ek) to form the intermediate quantity (In). The intermediate quantity (In) is combined with a preceding cryptographically processed data block (Cn−l) to form the cryptographically processed data block (Cn).

Abstract: A cryptographic key split combiner, which includes a number of key split generators for generating cryptographic key splits and a key split randomizer for randomizing the cryptographic key splits to produce a cryptographic key, and a process for forming cryptographic keys. Each of the key split generators generates key splits from seed data. The key split generators may include a random split generator for generating a random key split based on reference data. Other key split generators may include a token split generator for generating a token key split based on label data, a console split generator for generating a console key split based on maintenance data, and a biometric split generator for generating a biometric key split based on biometric data. All splits may further be based on static data, which may be updated, for example by modifying a prime number divisor of the static data. The label data may be read from a storage medium, and may include user authorization data.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for scrambling a high definition television signal to discourage unauthorized recording of same. While recording per se is not prevented, the resulting recorded signal is rendered unusable due to an induced “wobble” between the active video and the associated sync pulses. The scrambled television signal is readily viewable on a compliant high definition television set which descrambles the HDTV signal using an encoded indication of the amount of wobble accompanying the HDTV signal. Also provided is a special interface to prevent unauthorized persons from using the indication of the amount of wobble so as to defeat the scrambling. Also provided are method and apparatus for defeating the scrambling method and hence allowing recording of the scrambled video signal.

Abstract: A method for protecting digital content from copying and/or other misuse as it is transferred between one or more computationally constrained devices over insecure links, includes preliminarily authenticating that both a content source and a content sink are compliant devices, and transferring content between compliant devices. In a further aspect of the invention, in the background, concurrently with the transfer of content, at least a second cryptographic process is performed. In an embodiment, establishing a preliminary control channel includes exchanging random challenges between devices, encrypting, under a shared secret key, and hashing the exchanged random challenges, exchanging the results of the encryption and hash functions and then verifying that the appropriate results have been generated.

Abstract: An echo suppressor uses a multi-state operating sequence to provide non-disruptive monitoring of a remotely broadcast program during a performer's live performance at a local site. The operating sequence is actuated by a voice activated switch that initiates signal processing for correlating a locally originating audio (e.g., the performer's voice) to its echo in the broadcast program. During correlation states in the operating sequence, the echo suppressor switches monitoring to a local microphone signal to allow the performer to hear his or her own voice while preventing echo from being heard before correlation is achieved and echo suppression can begin. The correlation states include an initial correlation at a reduced sampling rate to detect echo within a wide delay time window and determine the locally originating audio is on-the-air.

Abstract: A companding amplifier wherein compression data is provided to an expansion circuit along with audio data. An analog audio input signal is compressed and converted into digital data by a compression circuit. The compression circuit includes a data framer that produces a digital data stream that contains both the digital audio data and digital compression data. The resultant digital data stream can then be recorded on a medium such as a CD or DAT, or transmitted over a medium such as wire, fiber optic or radio waves. The digital data stream can then be read back or otherwise received by an expansion circuit that includes a data separator that separates the digital audio data and digital compression data. The digital audio data is then converted back to an analog audio signal, and the digital compression data is converted to an analog control signal that is used as the control signal for expansion.

Abstract: A sound generating attachment for a slide of the type having an inclined sliding surface, a pair of raised sidewalls at opposite sides of said surface and a handrail extending up from one of the sidewalls. The attachment includes a weather-resistant housing having a top wall, a bottom wall and an end wall and a clamp for releasably attaching the housing to a slide sidewall. An electronic sound generator in the housing emits a plurality of different sound message a rotatable and depressable control knob projecting from the housing top wall is turned and pressed by a child using the slide.

Abstract: A hearing/speaking configuration (1) having a housing (2), having sound-reproducing means (20) accommodated in the housing (2), and having sound-receiving means (19) designed without a boom, wherein the sound-receiving means (19) is accommodated in the housing (2), as is the sound-reproducing means (20), wherein a first sound passage opening (16) and a second sound passage opening (25) are provided in the housing (2) and the sound-receiving means (19) has a directional characteristic with a main direction (28) and an extinction direction (30), and wherein the extinction direction (30) extends from the sound-receiving means (19) to the sound-reproducing means (20).

Abstract: A headphone capable of preventing foreign substances, dust and the like from entering a housing and of enhancing acoustic characteristics in which a hanger of a headband in a housing having a speaker unit is of a storage type and the housing can be swung in a driving direction or a twist direction with respect to the headband, includes an opening provided between the housing and the headband that is blocked by a shielding plate formed on one side of the hanger and a protruded portion formed on the side opposite to the shielding plate.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a body having a keyboard thereon, a display unit mounted for pivotal motion on the body, a pair of shafts provided at interior side corner portions of the body and each having a pair of terminals, and a pair of speaker units individually removably mounted for pivotal motion on the shafts. Each of the speaker units is mounted for pivotal motion on the body of the information processing apparatus by first and second engaging pawls which cooperate with each other to hold the shaft therebetween. In order to emphasize low-pitched portions of sound outputted from the speaker, the housing of the speaker unit is formed as a housing of the bass reflex type or of the back load phone type.

Abstract: In a speaker which is constructed in a manner that a voice coil bobbin is attached to an inner circumferential portion of a cone type diaphragm while a voice coil is wound around the voice coil bobbin, and the voice coil is inserted into a magnetic gap, the voice coil bobbin is formed of a conductive material while the voice coil being fixed is the voice coil bobbin by a soft bonding agent, and in a very high range, the voice coil is operated as a driving coil while the voice coil bobbin is operated as a short coil.

Abstract: An identification code signal is hidden in a carrier signal (such as an electronic data signal or a physical medium) in a manner that permits the identification signal later to be discerned. The carrier signal can thereby be identified, or some machine responsive action can thereby be taken. The technique can be applied in video imagery embodiments to control associated video equipment, e.g. to serve as a copy control signal.

Abstract: A method and system for recognizing scene changes in digitized video is based on using one-dimensional projections from the recorded video. Wavelet transformation is applied on each projection to determine the high frequency components. These components are then auto-correlated and a time-based curve of the autocorrelation coefficients is generated. A decision is made to define a “scene change” when the autocorrelation coefficient curves are greater than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A variety of techniques for steganographically encoding digital data into, and decoding steganographically data from, audio, video, and image signals (“content signals”) are disclosed. One method encodes a sampled input signal in a manner wherein a single signal sample is processed in accordance with plural bits of binary data. Another technique globally distributes a plural-bit code throughout a content signal, so that the code can be fully discerned from an analysis of even a fraction of the encoded signal, and wherein the encoding takes the form of low level pseudo-random noise. Another technique involves decoding steganographic data from an encoded content signal without reference to an unencoded version of the content signal. A variety of other techniques are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention employs probabilistic templates, or p-templates, which probabilistically encode the rough position and extent of the tracked object's image. The p-templates track objects in the scene, one p-template per object. They can be used to incorporate three-dimensional knowledge about the scene, and to reason about occlusion between the objects tracked by the p-templates. This invention requires video capture and digitization hardware, image processing hardware such as a digital signal processor, and a method for estimating the image size of a person standing at a given location in the image.

Abstract: A test target having N invisible test data encodements (660-66N, 740-74N, 74′0-74′N) each comprising test data printed over the surface of test print media media in a defined spatial order printed in invisible ink by a printer under test. The invisible ink print quality of the printer is determined by the ability of an invisible encodement reader to decode certain of the N invisible encodements (660-66N, 740-74N, 74′0-74′N). In a first preferred embodiment, a test print media is prepared by pre-printing or coating a media surface with an invisible ink that is sensitive to the same wavelength of light as the printer ink in a plurality N of areas on the media surface providing step background densities (580-58N) ranging from no applied ink to maximum printer ink density in a test tablet manner In the test mode, N test data files are printed as N invisible encodements (660-66N) in the corresponding N areas (580-58N) thereby creating a test target that is to be read by the reader.

Abstract: A portable device for providing an information management system for blind individuals, including those who read Braille format writing, and who may either partially or completely lack sight capabilities, and/or who may be unable to process visual information obtained from printed character materials. The portable device features a scanner for scanning the printed material, software for interpreting and translating the printed material into Braille and a Braille array display for displaying the Braille. In addition, the portable device preferably features an annotation feature for adding notes to the text as well as for separate text entry, more preferably through a Braille keyboard. Other preferred components include an organizer component for providing calendar information, reminders and other useful functions for the management of information.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an iris code generating device and iris identifying system capable of sensing when a third party is pretending to be another person and capable of preventing crimes before they happen. In order to achieve the aforementioned object, the present invention photographs an eye of a subject while causing biogenic reactions to occur in the eye of the subject an determines whether or not the biogenic responses happen as intended from the photographed image of an eye. In this way the present invention determines whether or not the image of an eye is a living thing and determines whether or not the structural components of the system such as photographing means and image processing means etc. are genuine.

Abstract: A method of detecting a specific object in an image signal is disclosed. In the present invention, the final object region can be determined by selecting one of two object regions detected by different methods or by combining the two object regions with assigned weights.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for optimizing operating parameters in an ultrasound imaging system in response to the occurrence of predetermined changes in the pixel intensity histogram of successive image frames. In the method, changes in the pixel intensity histogram of successive image frames are monitored and when the detected changes indicate probe movement, re-optimization of the operating parameters is automatically triggered. In the course of re-optimization, mapping, compression, scaling or beamforming parameters can be adjusted based on pixel intensity histogram characteristics determined by the system computer.

Abstract: A medical image output system comprises a first storage device for storing medical image signals, each of which represents a medical image of a patient. A second storage device stores photographic image signals, each of which represents a photographic image of a somatic feature of a patient, and/or photographic image signals, each of which represents a photographic image of a person associated with a patient, such that it is clear which photographic image signal corresponds to which medical image signal stored in the first storage means. An output device operates such that, in cases where the output device outputs a medical image signal representing a medical image of a certain patient from the first storage device, the output device also outputs the photographic image signal, which corresponds to the outputted medical image signal, from the second storage device.

Abstract: Method of improved detection of elements of interest by means of a detection system in a digital radiographic image of an object, acquired on an acquisition chain, comprising a first calibration phase in which the performances of the detection system are established. For such purpose, a calibration curve with several dimensions is determined by means of a mathematical model of the acquisition chain and object, in order to express a false positive probability as a function of a set of parameters corresponding to the acquisition chain and object. In the course of a second phase of use, a false positive probability value is determined for each pixel of the image. One then selects among the pixels of the digital radiographic image acquired those whose probability value obtained satisfies a predetermined criterion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing or inhibiting effective reproduction of documents such as currency, checks, stock certificates, and any other printed document including a pre-defined security mark printed therein. The subject method and apparatus operate to effect a multi-step review of all digital image data acquired from a printed document to be reproduced for purposes of locating any potential security marks and further examining same for purposes of positively identifying a potential security mark as an actual security mark. If a mark is located and verified to be an authentic security mark, effective reproduction of the printed document will not be permitted and/or other security measures will be taken. A pretest of a mark consists of deleting the fine line patterns that may be printed on top of the mark by smoothing the data in an averaging process, and then determining the difference between the density of the darkest and lightest pixels in the area.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for inspecting the placement of a device-under-inspection (DUI), for example a surface-mount component, on a circuit board includes scanning the circuit board to acquire stored images of the circuit board. From the stored images, a pad-bounding rectangle is constructed that circumscribes the outer edges of the pads for the DUI. An error-bounding rectangle is then constructed from the pad-bounding rectangle. The error-bounding rectangle has a length equal to the length of the pad-bounding rectangle plus a lengthwise error deemed allowable for placing the pins of the DUI over its pads. Similarly, the error-bounding rectangle has a width equal to the width of the pad-bounding rectangle plus an allowable widthwise error. A pin-bounding rectangle is constructed that circumscribes the outer edges of the pins of the DUI. The invention then determines whether the DUI is properly placed by examining whether any portion of the pin-bounding rectangle lies outside of the error-bounding rectangle.

Abstract: The invention improves the refresh rate and minimizes the memory for display when reproducing a color image. A color image encoding device has a creation device which counts the number of colors used in color image data and creates a global palette which lists corresponding indexes when the number of colors is a specified value or less, a block division device which divides the color image data into a plurality of blocks, a local palette creation device which creates a local palette which lists indexes in the global palette when the number of colors in a block is less than the number of colors in the global palette, and a color index assigning device which assigns the indexes in the global palette to the input pixels when the number of colors is the same as the number of colors in the global palette, and assigns the indexes in the local palette to the input pixels when the numbers of colors is different from the number of colors in the global palette.

Abstract: A method for characterizing an image where a number of test areas of predefined shape and size are located on the image. The color or the texture of the image over each of the test areas is quantified. The image can be characterized by statistical descriptions of the frequency distribution of color or texture of the test areas.

Abstract: A color copy machine having a reading portion and a printing portion outputs a chart for color correction. A result of reading by the reading portion of the same machine of patch for each output color of the chart, is converted into color component data for a pixel. The color component data are summed for a number of pixels of the patches. Data is derived by dividing the sum by a number of pixels. With this data, content of a production color table used in the binarization process is updated. By this, the image to be printed by the printing portion on a basis of a result of reading of the reading portion, matches with the result of reading. As a result, the color of the original image can be reproduced with high fidelity.

Abstract: If gamut mapping (hue restoration) defined by one Lab color space is applied in color matching under different reference white points, the human vision perceives the hue as inconsistent. In view of this, input data which is dependent on a color space of an input device is converted by the conversion LUT 11 to color space data which is independent of any devices, based on a viewing condition at the time of viewing an input original. The data is converted to data in the human color perception space by the forward converter 12, then subjected to gamut mapping, and converted back to data in the color space independent of any devices by the inverse converter 15, based on a viewing condition at the time of viewing an output original. Then, the data is converted to output data in a color space which is dependent on an output device by the conversion LUT 16.

Abstract: Document type comparison and classification using layout classification is accomplished by first segmenting a document page into blocks of text and white space. A grid of rows and columns, forming bins, is created on the page to intersect the blocks. Layout information is identified using a unique fixed length interval vector, to represent each row on the segmented document. By computing the Manhattan distance between interval vectors of all rows of two document pages and performing a warping function to determine the row to row correspondence, two documents may be compared by their layout. Furthermore, interval vectors may be grouped into N clusters with a cluster center, defined as the median of the interval vectors of the cluster, replacing each interval vector in its cluster. Using Hidden Markov Models, documents can be compared to document type models comprising rows represented by cluster centers and identified as belonging to one or more document types.

Abstract: A method and system provides computerized high-rate image processing. Each detecting element receives electromagnetic radiation and produces an electrical detection signal according to an amount of electromagnetic radiation received on the respective detecting element. The electrical detection signals of each detection element corresponding to an assigned region of interest in the field of view. The electrical detection signals of all detecting elements assigned to the same region of interest are summed to produce an output signal.

Abstract: An image scanning part scans, for example, a film with a CCD. Then it forms image data indicating an image on the film from the output of the CCD, and it outputs this image data to a computation control part. The computation control part inputs the image data from the image scanning part, temporarily memorizes this image data in an image memory, and based on the image data it decides whether a panoramic image is photographed in each picture frame. After a decision is made it then informs this decision result to a printing apparatus. The method and apparatus can also identify whether a plurality of picture frames of the film has a region with a predetermined density in a common location relative to the picture frames. The density of each picture frame can then be determined while excluding the region with the predetermined density in the common location of each of the plurality of picture frames.

Abstract: I present a method for matching the spatial relationships between an input set of feature points and a template set of feature points. A feature point consists of a location in space and a label describing the feature at that location in space. A tessellation over the feature point locations is performed. Next, a search identifies polyhedra that have similar contents, the contents being the angles and labels associated with feature points of the polyhedra. Once a match is found, then appropriate adjacent and neighboring polyhedra are examined. Matching the node labels and angular relationships for a set of appropriate adjacent and neighboring polyhedra extends the volume over which matches exist and significantly increases the certainty that a positive match exists.

Abstract: A region extraction apparatus for extracting a desired region from a moving image, includes a region specifying unit for specifying contour points of a region which is to be extracted, a template creating unit for creating a template of the region which is to be extracted based on the contour points of the region specified by the region specifying unit, a template matching unit for matching the template created by the template creating unit and the moving image, and a template correcting unit for correcting the template depending on a matching result obtained by the template matching unit.

Abstract: A dictionary in which a character train serving as a processing unit upon compression has been registered is stored into a character train dictionary storing unit. In a character train comparing unit, the registration character train in the character train dictionary storing unit and a partial character train in non-compression data are compared, thereby detecting the coincident partial character train. A code output unit allocates a predetermined code every partial character train detected by the character train comparing unit and outputs. The character train dictionary storing unit allocates character train codes of a fixed length of 17 bits to about 130,000 words and substantially compresses a data amount to the half or less irrespective of an amount of document data.

Abstract: The method decodes an compressed representation of a digital image. The compressed representation is in the form of a bitstream comprising in sequence encoded bitplanes each having first portions representative of the significances of first sub-regions in the current bitplane and second portions representative of respective bits of each coefficient in second sub-regions of the current bitplane. The method decodes each bitplane of a block of transform coefficients from a maximum bitplane to a minimum bitplane in the following manner. The method decodes the first portion as the respective significances of the first sub-regions in the current bitplane and decodes the second portion as the respective bits of each coefficient in the second sub-regions of said current bitplane.

Abstract: An image processor codes image data utilizing a first memory which stores a reference image in a forward direction, a second memory which stores a reference image in a backward direction, and a third memory which stores an expanded reference image of the reference image stored in the first memory. A first motion vector detector detects a motion vector by reading image data stored in the first memory, and a second motion vector detector detects a motion vector by selectively reading image data stored in the second and third memory. A coder codes input image data by motion compensation prediction using a motion vector detected by the first or second motion vector detector.

Abstract: A method for measuring the activity of a macroblock of a video picture in the direct cosine transform domain of values assumed by a selected component of the video signal includes dividing the macroblock into blocks of data in the discrete cosine transform domain before quantization, and separately storing each block of data in a memory. The method further includes reading each block of data stored in the memory for obtaining respective coefficients, and multiplying an absolute value of each coefficient by a selected mask of words comprising a number of words not exceeding a number of words forming each block. The results of the multiplications are summed for producing an activity coefficient for each block. A first activity coefficient of the macroblock is calculated corresponding to a sum of the activity coefficients produced for each block.

Abstract: Provided is a probabilistic statistical data compression/restoration method for variable-length encoding a source character and restoring a variable-length code to a character using the probability of occurrence of the source character which appears following a character string (context) of n characters which immediately precede the source character. When variable-length encoding is performed, a context registration unit successively registers context based upon an entered character without fixing the length (degree) of context, and a compressing encoder selects registered context satisfying a predetermined condition, e.g., registered context for which the frequency of occurrence is greater than a fixed value, as context (encoding context) used in encoding, and variable-length encodes a source character by using this encoding context. A restoration unit restores a code to a character by executing processing which is the reverse of the processing executed by the compressing encoder.

Abstract: A method of accurately determining the location of dots of sensed image data amongst an array of dots of image data in a fault tolerant manner, said data stored at a high pitch rate on a card and subject to rotations, warping and marking effects, said method comprising the steps of: processing the image data in a column by column format; recording the dot pattern of previously processed columns of pixels; generating an expected dot pattern at a current column position from the recorded dot pattern of previously processed pixels; comparing the expected dot pattern with an actual dot pattern of sensed image data at said current column position; if said comparison produces a match within a predetermined error, utilising said current column position as an actual dot position otherwise altering said current column position to produce a better fit to said expected dot pattern to thereby produce new actual dot position, and utilizing said actual dot position of the dot at a current column position in the deter

Abstract: A computerized method for creating a multi-image print for use with a dynamic display based on the relative periodic displacement of the multi-image print relative to a lenticular screen includes inputting, into a computer, data relating to a dynamic display and at least two basic images. The digital data of the images is used to set size and resolution of the images, thereby creating basic documents. The visual requirements of the basic documents including resolution, exposure time within a display cycle, and graphic characteristics are then determined. Each of the basic documents is divided into information units and is interlaced into a single document. The single document is processed to satisfy the data requirements, and the complex document is printed on a sheet to produce a multi-image print so that basic images will be alternatively displayed when the print is displaced relative to a lenticular screen.

Abstract: An optical signal transmission system equipped with a magneto-optical modulator is provided. The magneto-optical modulator works to modulate an optical beam emitted from a light source and consists of a polarizer, a magneto-optical element, an analyzer, a dc field generator, a high-frequency field generator, and an impedance adjuster. The dc field generator works to apply a dc bias field to the magneto-optical element. The high-frequency generator is responsive to the high-frequency signal from said high-frequency signal generator to apply a high-frequency field to the magneto-optical element. The impedance adjuster works to adjust impedance of the high-frequency field generator for establishing effective transmission of the high-frequency signal to the high-frequency field generator, thereby increasing a modulation range up to frequencies higher than an upper limit of typical magneto-optical modulators.

Abstract: This invention discloses an optical device including at least one substrate having formed thereon a multiplicity of electrically controlled waveguides; and a light receiver for directing light into the multiplicity of waveguides, the light receiver comprising a selectable polarization rotator.

Abstract: This invention discloses a selectably directable optical beam deflecting device including at least at least one substrate having formed thereon a multiplicity of waveguides, each waveguide receiving light and emitting light, the totality of light emitted by said multiplicity of waveguides producing at least one selectably directable output beam, and at least one multiplexer applying electrical inputs to the at least one substrate for individually controlling the light emitted by each of the multiplicity of waveguides, thereby governing the orientation of the selectably directable output beam.