Abstract: A novel crosslinkable ambifunctional perfluorinated polyetheris provided wherein the polyether is defined by the formula X1—(CaF2aO)n—X2 where X1 and X2 are different functional terminal groups which are capable of forming a crosslinked perfluorinated polyether by addition, condensation or ring-opening reaction, and n ranges from 1 to 2000 and a is an integer of from 1 to 4. The mole ratio of X1 and X2 is 1:1. A release film may be formed from the cross-linked perfluorinated polyether.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising a silicone resin having at least two types of fluorinated organic substituent groups and hydroxyl or monovalent hydrolyzable groups forms, through brief curing at low temperature, a uniform transparent coating having a low refractive index (e.g., below 1.42) and a high hardness as well as excellent water repellency, oil repellency, and antifouling property. Stacking the coating on a high refractive index layer results in an antireflection article having an improved reflectance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anionic polymerization technique for synthesizing functionalized rubbery polymers containing polysiloxane that have excellent characteristics for utilization in (a) tire tread compounds that are highly loaded with silica, (b) shiny tire side-wall compounds, and (c) tire building bladders having improved mold release characteristics. The rubbery polymers of this invention can optionally be coupled with tin halides or silicon halides to further improve the characteristics of the rubber for use in tire tread compounds.

Abstract: In order to improve a heat-cycling-durability of a structural body in which a nitrided material is provided on a substrate containing at least metallic aluminum, a heat-resistant structural body having a substrate containing at least metallic aluminum and a nitrided material formed on the substrate provided. The nitrided material is composed mainly of an aluminum nitride phase and a metallic aluminum phase. Preferably, the nitrided material contains at least one metallic element selected from Group 2A, Group 3A, Group 4A, and Group 4B in Periodic Table.

Abstract: To use a media agitating mill of a wet internal circulation type when grinding materials, and offer oxide magnetic materials and coils in which influences of ZrO2 and Y2O3 mixing when using partially stabilized zirconia as media beads are improved. The magnetic materials and coils are characterized in that Fe2O3, ZnO, NiO and CuO are main components, and Y2O3, ZrO2 and Bi2O3 are contained with respect to these main components, where an amount of Y2O3 is 0.007 to 0.028 wt % for the total amount, an amount of ZrO2 is 0.12 to 0.55 wt % therefor and an amount of Bi2O3 is 0.03 to 10.12 wt % for the same.

Abstract: The disclosed heat-sealable, layered film comprises a polyolefinic base layer and at least one outer layer. The outer layer comprises a propylene-olefin copolymer prepared by means of a metallocene catalyst. The film is prepared by coextruding melts corresponding to the individual layers of the film, taking off the coextruded film over a take-off roll whose temperature is between 10 and 90° C., biaxially stretching and then heat-setting the resulting film, and optionally corona- or flame-treating the film, then winding it up in a wind-up unit.

Abstract: Flexible, halogen-free films, both multilayer films and monolayer films, can replace polyvinyl chloride films in applications requiring high speed welding by high frequency radiation. The monolayer films result from a blend of a non-polar olefin polymer and a polar olefin polymer that contains carbon monoxide. The multilayer films have like that of the monolayer films, but located so as to promote high frequency sealing. Products made from such films are particularly well suited for medical device applications.

Abstract: Formation of sintered metal fiber porous mats used as burner faces and filters comprises dispersing metal fibers in a viscous aqueous solution of one or more cellulose ethers, vacuum molding the dispersed metal fibers on a foraminous support, eliminating residual aqueous cellulose ether from the vacuum molded metal fiber porous mat, and sintering the mat. Water solutions of methylcellulose and/or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a viscosity of at least about 1500 centipoises are often used pursuant to this invention.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium in which a seedlayer includes an aluminum-containing intermetallic nitride for improved performance.

Abstract: A liquid epoxy resin composition comprising (A) a liquid epoxy resin, (B) a curing agent, (C) a curing accelerator, and (D) an inorganic filler is provided, the curing agent (B) comprising 5 to 75 parts by weight of a mixture of 3,4-dimethyl-6-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic acid and 1-isopropyl-4-methyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid per 100 parts by weight of the entire curing agent. The composition is adherent to the surface of silicon chips, and especially to polyimide resins and nitride films and has high thermal shock resistance. A semiconductor device sealed with the cured epoxy resin composition remains reliable.

Abstract: A protected article includes a substrate, such as a nickel-base superalloy, a protective coating comprising aluminum overlying a surface of the substrate, and an iridium-containing oxygen barrier layer overlying the protective coating. A ceramic thermal barrier coating may overlie the protective coating and the oxygen barrier layer.

Abstract: A coating system having a low thermal conductivity, and a method by which the low thermal conductivity of the coating system is maintained through the development of cracks within a thermal-insulating layer of the coating system. The thermal-insulating layer is a mixture of two or more materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). The materials of the thermal-insulating layer are selected and combined so that a low thermal conductivity is maintained for the coating system as the result of cracks developing and propagating from interfaces between the materials when the coating system is subjected to heating and cooling cycles.

Abstract: The hot dip Zn galvanized steel sheet has excellent balance between tensile strength and ductility and excellent coating adhesion, an average composition of a base steel thereof includes: 0.05-0.25 mass % of C; not more than 2.0 mass % of Si; 1.0-2.5 mass % of Mn; and 0.005-0.10 mass % of Al, wherein the C content at the base steel surface layer portion right under a coating layer is not more than 0.02 mass %, the base steel structure contains not less than 50% of martensite phase, the martensite phase including both tempered martensite phase and fine size martensite phase, and the remaining portion of the base steel structure being formed by ferrite phase and residual austenite phase. A method of producing the hot dip Zn galvanizing steel sheet is described.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer decorative and protective coating having the appearance of stainless steel. The coating comprises a polymeric layer on the surface of said article and vapor deposited on the polymeric layer a stack layer containing layers of refractory metal or metal alloy alternating with layers containing the reaction products of refractory metal or refractory metal alloy, nitrogen and oxygen wherein the total nitrogen and oxygen content of these reaction products is from about 4 to about 32 atomic percent, with the nitrogen content being at least about 3 atomic percent.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element includes at least a positive electrode, an electron injection layer, and a negative electrode, wherein the electron injection layer is formed of an alkali metal organic salt, an alkaline earth metal organic salt, an alkali metal organometallic complex or an alkaline earth metal organometallic complex.

Abstract: Light emitting compounds are disclosed for use in light emitting devices. These compounds have the formula A compound having the formula: CORE-[DENDRITE]n in which CORE represents an atom or group, n represents an integer of at least 1 and DENDRITE, which may be the same or different if n is greater than 1, represents an inherently at least partly conjugated dendritic molecular structure comprising aryl and/or heteroaryl groups and alkenyl groups connected to each other via a carbon atom of an alkenyl group to a ring carbon atom of an aryl or heteroaryl group, CORE terminating in the first single bond which is connected to a ring carbon atom of an (hetero)aryl group to which more than one at least partly conjugated dendritic chain is attached, said ring carbon atom forming part of DENDRITE, the CORE and/or DENDRITE being luminescent.

Abstract: A compound containing at least one repeating unit represented by the following formula (1) and at least one repeating unit represented by the following formula (2), a light emitting device material comprising the compound, and a light emitting device containing the light emitting device material: wherein R1 and R2 represent each a substituent; Ar1 and Ar2 represent each an arylene linking group or a heteroarylene linking group; R3 and R4 represent each a hydrogen atom or a substituent; R5 and R6 represent each a substituent; and m and n are each an integer of from 0 to 3.

Abstract: An OLED device including a substrate, an anode formed of a conductive material over the substrate, and an emissive layer having an electroluminescent material provided over the anode. The OLED device also includes either an ultrathin cathode over the emissive layer, a thin interlayer over the ultrathin cathode and a reflecting layer over the thin interlayer, or the thin interlayer over the emissive layer and a reflecting layer containing an electron-injecting dopant over the thin interlayer.

Abstract: In ceramic sinter consisting of at least one kind selected from a group consisting of silicon nitride, zirconia, silicon carbide, cermet, SIALON, aluminum nitride and alumina, wear resistant member and electronic component member using thereof, skewness at a contact surface of the ceramic sinter is set at −2 or more and 0 or less, a depth of a micro-crack is set at 5 &mgr;m or less, and in the depth of up to 500 &mgr;m from the surface an area that pores occupy does not exceed 5%. The ceramic sinter as described above can suppress wear of the opponent member. Further, in such ceramic sinter, bonding strength with an element or a metal plate can be heightened to enable to suppress peeling. The electronic components of high reliability can be fabricated accordingly. The present wear resistant member is suitable for sliding member that is used in portions where wear is particularly remarkable.

Abstract: The invention aims to provide a hard film which is improved in high-temperature corrosion resistance without impairing high sliding characteristics (wear resistance, low frictional coefficient) inherent in a titanium nitride thin film and which is suitable for a slide member such as a bearing or a seal used in rotary machines operated at a high temperature, such as a steam turbine and a gas turbine. For attaining this aim, the invention provides a Cr-containing titanium nitride film which is composed of a nitride containing Ti and Cr as main components, the crystal particles thereof having a face-centered cubic crystal structure, and the crystal thereof being highly oriented toward (200) face.

Abstract: A method and article of manufacture for effecting an oxygen deficient fuel cell wherein an oxygenless gas is introduced to the internal structure of a fuel cell as fuel volume is diminished thereby displacing ambient air containing oxygen with said oxygenless gas.

Abstract: A technique includes applying a vacuum to a manifold of a fuel cell stack to remove accumulated water from the stack. As an example, a fuel cell system may include a fuel cell stack that is capable of accumulating water. A vacuum system of the fuel cell system applies a vacuum to the fuel cell stack to remove at least some of the accumulated water.

Abstract: An energy conversion system, comprising: a reservoir container including at least two chambers of inversely variable volume for respectively storing a quantity of fuel and receiving a quantity of exhaust; a means for decreasing the volume of the first chamber while concurrently increasing the volume of the second chamber; at least one energy conversion device; first means for communicating fuel between the at least one energy conversion device and a first of the chambers in the reservoir container; and second means for communicating exhaust between the at least one energy conversion device and a second of the chambers in the reservoir container. The reservoir container may be transported to a recharging/refilling station or recharged in-situ. A particular application for metal-air fuel cell power systems is shown and described.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for fluid collection within a fuel cell system. The fluid collection device includes a fluid collection container which has a gas inlet, a gas outlet, at least one fluid inlet, and a fluid outlet. The at least one fluid inlet allows condensate to enter the fluid collection container. A fluid is contained within the fluid collection container. The gas inlet allows a purge gas to enter the fluid collection container to substantially purge the atmosphere of the fluid collection container through the gas outlet.

Abstract: A PEM fuel cell (12) operating on substantially pure hydrogen (32) and air (26) has an exhaust flow control valve (37) at the exit of the anode fuel reactant flow field, said valve being normally closed during steady state low or medium power operation, so that the concentration of nitrogen in the fuel reactant flow fields, by diffusion across the membrane from the cathode, will approach the average concentration of nitrogen in the oxidant, thereby limiting the concentration of hydrogen to a corresponding low complementary amount, which reduces the diffusion of hydrogen across the membrane for consumption at the cathode, thereby increasing the efficiency of operation of the fuel cell. A current sensor (40) allows a controller (46) to open an exhaust flow control valve (37), thereby drawing much higher amounts of hydrogen into the fuel reactant flow field of the anode to support generation of power at high current densities without hydrogen starvation.

Abstract: An improved air cell, and the method of forming the air cell, is provided. The cell has a uniformly laminated hydrophobic membrane using a high laminating force. The air cell has increased performance in high humidity or low humidity conditions.

Abstract: A device/system having an integrated refuelable and rechargable metal-air FCB based power supply unit for generating and providing electrical power to at least one electrical-energy-consuming load device disposed therein. An external power source is used to recharge the metal-air FCB subsystems embodied therein. A control subsystem automatically transitions between discharging mode (wherein at least one metal-air FCB subsystem supplies electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device) and a recharging mode (wherein the external power source is electrically coupled to at least one metal-air FCB subsystem to thereby recharge the metal-air FCB subsystem(s). The metal-air FCB subsystem(s) are refueled by manually loading and unloading metal-fuel from the metal-air FCB subsystem(s). Preferably, electrical power provided to the at least one electrical power-consuming load device is supplied solely by electrical power generated by discharging metal-fuel in the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem(s).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for extending path-length of metal-fuel tape during discharging and/or recharging operations so that a supply of metal-fuel tape contained within a cassette device or on a supply reel can be rapidly discharged and/or recharged in an improved manner. During discharging operations, a plurality of discharging heads are selectively arranged about the extended path-length of metal-fuel tape so as increase the rate at which electrical power is powered from the system. During recharging operations, a plurality of recharging heads are selectively arranged about the extended path-length of metal-fuel tape to decrease the time required to recharge the metal-fuel tape transported through the system.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode opposite to the anode, and an electrolyte between the anode and cathode. The electrolyte includes a barrier layer that prevents chemical interactions between the electrolyte and the anode, in addition to preventing elemental losses from the electrolyte. The electrolyte further includes a strengthening layer having alternating layer elements that provide fracture resistance to the electrolyte.

Abstract: A fuel cell module containing at least two fuel cells, especially low-temperature fuel cells, is described. Each fuel cell has two electrodes of different polarity as well as an electrolyte positioned between the electrodes. Each fuel cell is supplied with fuel via a fuel supply channel and with an oxidant via an oxidant supply channel. The fuel cells are substantially juxtaposed. The electrodes of different polarity are electrically connected with each other. The electrolytes of each cell are situated essentially in the same plane. Several fuel cells connected in series constitute a string or row and several strings can be connected in parallel.

Abstract: A battery system for electric vehicles in which replenishment of the energy content of the batteries is accomplished by pumping liquids into tanks on the vehicles from pumps at service stations, similar to, and in a comparable time to, the filling of the tanks of conventional vehicles. The system also extracts used liquids, which have been depleted of energy content, from the vehicles and returns them to the service station where they are recharged for subsequent supply to other vehicles.

Abstract: A spinel-type LiMn secondary cell has an electrode unit including a positive electrode sheet made mainly of aluminum and coated with a positive electrode active material including lithium and manganese as indispensable constituents. The electrode unit is mounted in a cell casing as a negative electrode by an insulating assembly. A positive electrode member is made of an aluminum alloy with manganese mixed therewith for increased mechanical strength. Since manganese mixed with the aluminum alloy of the positive electrode member is an indispensable constituent of the positive electrode active material, it does not cause an unwanted chemical reaction such as electrolytic corrosion.

Abstract: An electric cell module is provided, which enables operations of connecting terminals in one direction and which is, as a whole, highly rigid and has excellent resistance to breakage. A pair of rod bodies 3A and 3B are arranged parallel to each other to be oriented in opposite polarities. Each rod body contains a plurality of electric cells 1 connected in series through cell connector portions 2. An electrical connecting structure 4 is formed on one end face of each rod body. The structure connects the rod bodies electrically to each other. A coupling jig 5 is incorporated to surround at least one juxtaposed pair of cell connector portions present at the same longitudinal position in the rod bodies.

Abstract: A process for making thin-film batteries including the steps of cleaning a glass or silicon substrate having an amorphous oxide layer several microns thick; defining with a mask the layer shape when depositing cobalt as an adhesion layer and platinum as a current collector; using the same mask as the preceding step to sputter a layer of LiCoO2 on the structure while rocking it back and forth; heating the substrate to 300° C. for 30 minutes; sputtering with a new mask that defines the necessary electrolyte area; evaporating lithium metal anodes using an appropriate shadow mask; and, packaging the cell in a dry-room environment by applying a continuous bead of epoxy around the active cell areas and resting a glass slide over the top thereof. The batteries produced by the above process are disclosed.

Abstract: A battery with side flanking terminals wherein the positive and negative terminals are fixed onto the opposite side walls of a casing and connect respectively to a positive and negative post. The battery may be sealed by main cover seal with an adhesive to the casing. The positive and negative terminals are connected respectively to the positive and negative posts through first and second slots located in main cover. The advantages provided by this invention is to prevent the possibility of short circuiting the battery caused by a fallen metal object on top of the battery to increase safety of operation. Further, the connection, space for storage and operation is reduced. Further, the battery may be sealed in a one step process.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte comprises an aluminum halide and a quaternary ammonium halide dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent. A non-aqueous electrolytic cell is also described, which comprises an anode made od Al or its alloy, an cathode and the non-aqueous electrolyte provided between the anode and the cathode. The non-aqueous electrolyte is suitable for electrodeposition of aluminum from the electrolyte. Because aluminum is reversibly electrodeposited from and dissolved in the electrolyte, the electrolyte is usable for making secondary cells having good charge and discharge characteristics and a high energy density.

Abstract: The invention provides a treatment for edge surfaces and faces of metallized fiber structure framework plates for use in electric accumulators. The edge surfaces and faces, except for the starting portion of the current tapping tab, are mechanically, thermally or chemically freed of projecting metallized fiber ends and fiber bundles in order to avoid short circuits or soft shorts caused by dendrites penetrating the cell separator or by metallized fiber ends. The mechanical, thermal or chemical treatments can take place individually or in combination with one another.

Abstract: Electrode for use in a non-aqueous battery, which electrode comprises at least a microporous sheet, consisting of inorganic, optionally electroconductive particles, a polymer having a high molecular weight, and a hydrocarbon-containing compound. The electrode can be used as a cathode, an anode and a separator in a battery built up of one or more layers of a current collector, an anode, a separator, a cathode, a current collector and an electrolyte, in particular a rechargeable Li-ion battery.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte rechargeable batteries of which the capacity is high and of which the decrease of the discharging capacity through the cycles is low by improving the electron conductivity of the surfaces of the active material particle for the negative electrode. In order to achieve this purpose, an active material in the form of a composite particle comprising,a phase that can store a lithium ion and includes at least Sn and a phase that cannot store a lithium ion and an electronically conductive material coating part of or the entire surfaces of the above described particle, is used for the negative electrode in the present invention.

Abstract: A nickel hydroxide positive active material for an alkaline battery contains nickel hydroxide powder having a nickel valence of greater than 2; and a cobalt compound having a cobalt valence of greater than 2, which is formed on the surface of said nickel hydroxide powder. For example, the surface of nickel oxyhydroxide powder is covered by cobalt oxyhydroxide layer. This positive active material is used as a starting material to produce an electrode by retaining it in a three-dimensional porous material.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing LiMn2O4 powders for use in a lithium secondary battery positive electrode, is provided, in which oxide or carbonate is used as a positive electrode material, a solution is dried at a temperature higher than 150° C., and the resulting matter is put into a reaction furnace in order to be calcinated for a short time, after treating by spontaneous combustion. A certain degree of crystallization of the positive electrode powders can be obtained in the spontaneous combustion process. Thus, a battery having a large charging and discharging capacity and a long life cycle can be manufactured even under a high current condition.

Abstract: Improved stabilized spinel battery cathode material and methods of treating particles of spinel battery cathode material to produce a protective coating of battery-inactive lithium metal oxide on the particles are provided. The methods basically comprise mixing the spinel particles with a particulate reactant selected from a lithium salt, a lithium metal oxide or a mixture of a lithium salt and a metal oxide and then heating the resultant particulate mixture for a time and temperature to react the particulate reactant with the spinel particles whereby a protective coating of lithium metal oxide is formed on the spinel particles and the lithium content of the spinel adjacent to the coating is increased a limited amount.

Abstract: The present invention is related to an electrochemical cell comprising an anode of a Group IA metal and a cathode of a mixed phase metal oxide prepared from a combination of starting materials comprising vanadium oxide and a mixture of at least one of a decomposable silver-containing constituent and a decomposable copper-containing constituent. The starting materials are mixed together to form a homogeneous admixture that is not further mixed once decomposition heating begins to form the product active material. The present cathode material is particularly useful for implantable medical applications.

Abstract: A secondary power source, which comprises a positive electrode containing activated carbon and a lithium-containing transition metal oxide, a negative electrode containing a carbon material capable of doping and undoping lithium ions, and an organic electrolyte containing a lithium salt.

Abstract: A metal oxide of porous structure intercalating or deintercalating lithium ions by the electrochemical reaction, characterized by being provided with regularly ordered pores.

Abstract: A secondary cell having a long cycle lifetime and a superior charge and discharge performance is provided with an electrode having a collector having a metal matrix 301 having micropores 302 with an average diameter not larger than 3 microns. The micropores 302 is formed by utilizing reduction reaction of a metal.

Abstract: A battery separator containing cellulose and an insoluble inorganic salt of copper ions when placed in a zinc-based battery, minimizes zinc dendrite formation to extend battery cycle life.

Abstract: A solid polymer electrolyte for an electrolytic cell is prepared by a sol-gel process in which an active metal ion conducting liquid electrolyte, e.g. a lithium-ion electrolyte, containing a salt which is stable in the presence of water, e.g. lithium bisperfluoroethanesulfonimide, LiN(SO2C2F5)2, is admixed in aqueous solution with an alkoxide, e.g. silica alkoxide, to form a liquid precursor which is added to the electrolytic cell between the anode and cathode thereof and allowed to solidify in situ to form the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: This invention relates to the photo-sensitive thermoplastic top-layer of optical media for registration of holograms, where the media consists of three transparent layers where the bottom layer is a glass substrate, the mid layer is an electro-conductive film of tin dioxide, and the top layer is a thermoplastic photo-sensitive amorphous molecular semiconductor film made of a matrix which has donor properties and forms transport bands for holes, and were the matrix is doped with; a photo-sensitive substance (CICT) that has intramolecular physically separated parts with donor and acceptor properties, respectively, and which creates an intramolecular electron-hole pair when absorbing a light quantum, and which has a HOMO-level which is below the HOMO-level of the matrix substance, and a substance with acceptor properties that forms transport bands for electrons, which has a similar ring structure as the acceptor part of CICT to ensure a barrierless transfer of excited electrons from CICT to acceptor-molecules

Abstract: An exposure method forms, in a shot area on a reticle, marks to measure arrangement errors that may occur between adjacent device patterns, transfers the marks from the reticle onto a wafer through exposure and development processes using an exposure system, measures arrangement errors according to the marks on the wafer, calculates four error components from the measured arrangement errors, and corrects the exposure system according to the calculated error components. This method eliminates superposition errors from the next exposure process, thereby effectively using the shot areas of exposure systems.