Abstract: A substrate for an electrooptic device comprising a light-transmissive base member, a reflection layer formed on the base member so as to include each reflection portion and a corresponding transmission portion having a transmission factor higher than that of the reflection portion, a light transmission layer formed over the base member so as to coincide with the reflection layer and to include each hollow at a position that coincides with the transmission portion in plane, and an orientation film formed over the base member so as to coincide with the light transmission layer and to define a concavity while entering the corresponding hollow. The thickness “b” of a liquid crystal layer corresponding to the concavity is greater than the thickness “a” of the liquid crystal layer at the other positions thereof.

Abstract: It becomes possible to supply a high-frequency control signal to an electro-optic effect element in an optical module through an external RF cable. The optical module has an element mounted thereupon for shifting an optical phase by the electro-optic effect, and includes an element for shifting an optical phase by an electro-optic effect having a signal electrode and a ground electrode formed thereupon; a connector for supplying a control signal of a microwave region to the signal electrode of the element, having a center conductor and an outer conductor; and a repeating board formed on a dielectric wafer having the signal electrode and the ground electrode of the element and a coplanar line for connecting the center conductor of the connector with the outer conductor respectively formed on the dielectric wafer, wherein an air layer is formed on the lower portion of the repeating board on which the center conductor of the connector is disposed.

Abstract: A low voltage modulation signal can be realized while reducing reflection and radiation of a high frequency modulation signal in an optical modulator.

Abstract: A product and method uses acousto-optic reflection-active media having an optical reflectivity which changes with changes in acoustic energy intensity interacting with the media to form images of defects in samples when the defects reflect acoustic energy differently from known acoustically reflecting parts of the samples.

Abstract: A light transistor system, including an image transistor, and a coolant passageway extending through the image transistor. The image transistor has a liquid crystal modulator, configured to amplify a low-power light signal using amplification energy from a higher-power light source, such as a laser or arc lamp. The coolant passageway is configured to receive a flow of coolant therethrough, to allow cooling of the image transistor to prevent damage to it from the higher-power light source.

Abstract: It is necessary to use the continuous wave (CW) light and the optical input signal in the same direction in order to improve the conversion speed. Furthermore, in order to simplify the configuration of the optical transmission system including wavelength converters, the function capable of separating or removing the optical input signal should be included. Filter-free wavelength converters for separating and rejecting the optical input signal are being developed using the multimode interference semiconductor optical amplifier (MMI-SOA). The gain or phase modulation of the CW light is caused in the MMI-SOA. Furthermore, the CW light and the optical input signal are separated in the MMI-SOA in which the output port depends on the input port. Therefore, no optical filter is required for rejecting the optical input signal, and it is possible to converse to the same wavelength.

Abstract: There is provided an optical wavelength converting apparatus comprising a first and second light sources and a nonlinear optical material so that beams from the two light sources are allowed to be incident on the nonlinear optical material to generate sum frequency light of these beams, wherein the nonlinear optical material is provided with a periodic structure that matches phases of the beams from the two light sources with a phase of the sum frequency light of these beams, and wavelengths of the beams from the two light sources and of the sum frequency light of these beams, polarization directions of these three beams in the nonlinear optical material, and propagation directions of these three beams in the nonlinear optical material are determined such that an efficiency of conversion into sum frequency light does not change even with a change in at least one of parameters defining the efficiency of conversion into sum frequency light, whereby an inexpensive LD having poor wavelength stability can be used

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for maintaining a quality of a Raman medium in a Raman conversion cell. In various examples, a flow velocity of the Raman medium is tailored based on a spatial nonuniformity of heat deposition resulting from the Raman conversion in the cell. In particular, in one example, the flow velocity of the Raman medium may be tailored to be higher where the heat deposition/temperature rise is larger and smaller elsewhere in the cell. This type of flow velocity profile reduces the overall required volumetric flow of the Raman medium in the cell without significantly affecting a quality of the Raman medium.

Abstract: A Raman module comprises a detecting unit for measuring the output power of a WDM signal traveling along a fiber section, and a spectral gain estimating unit for determining an estimated vector gain Gainmeas based on the output power alone. The Raman pump signal is controlled with a gain GainRA evaluated based on the estimated gain Gainmeas so that all channels have a similar gain. The spectral gain estimating unit comprises a fiber gain model and an input signal adjust unit. The model receives the output power, assumes a predicted input power for each channel and provides a corresponding estimated output power for each channel. The input signal adjust unit adjusts the predicted input power based on an error signal provided by the model. The gain is then calculated from the predicted input powers and the estimated output powers. The detecting unit demultiplexes a fraction of the WDM signal into n sub-band and detects sub-band optical power PB1, . . . PBn.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a long-band Erbium doped-fiber amplifier including: a first Erbium doped fiber with a predetermined length, coupled to a first pumping light source through a first wavelength-selective coupler, for amplifying a C-band optical signal by supplied pumping light; a second Erbium doped fiber with a predetermined length for amplifying an L-band optical signal by a second pumping light source; a feedback loop for recycling a specific C-band wavelength generated in the amplification of the first Erbium doped fiber as the second pumping light source of the L-band optical signal; a tap coupler formed between the first and second Erbium doped fibers, for dividing the optical power amplified in the first Erbium doped fiber, for supplying a predetermined ratio of optical power to the second Erbium doped fiber, and for re-inputting the residual optical power to the feedback loop; and, a second wavelength-selective coupler for coupling the signal light transmitted from the tap coupler to the

Abstract: A method, and optical network management system is provided for monitoring an optical transmission system, including detecting an error condition in an electrical domain of the optical transmission system, and collecting data associated with optical performance of one or more optical network elements in response to the detected electrical degradation. The collected data is used to determine whether the one or more of the optical network elements are a source of the electrical degradation.

Abstract: A modular bidirectional optical amplification system includes a multiwavelength dual amplifier building block, a multiwavelength unidirectional booster amplifier BB, a unidirectional and a bidirectional Optical Service Channel (OSC) BB, an Intelligent Optical Terminal Accessway (IOTA) module, and an interleaved filter BB. The dual amplifier BB is available in a C-band version, an E-band version and a hybrid version, and provides unidirectional or bidirectional multichannel amplification. The booster amplifier is available in a C-band version, an E-band version and in a booster plus variant; one for the C-band and one for E-band. The unidirectional and bidirectional OSC BBs provide a means for OAM&P functionality to the optical network. The IOTA BB provides multiplexing and demultiplexing, and the filter BB provides separation of the signal into grid-1 and grid-2 channels.

Abstract: The invention includes a method for controlling amplifier output power in an optical communications network having channel add/drop capability. A first transmission parameter and a second transmission parameter are determined at a first amplifier. In an exemplary embodiment, the first transmission parameter is a composite express signal-to-noise ratio and the second transmission parameter is a composite signal-to-noise ratio. The total output power of a downstream amplifier is adjusted in response to the first transmission parameter and second transmission parameter. A system for implementing the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) with extended bandwidth and the method of fabricating the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, the SOA includes a Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) stacks whose thickness varies along the length of the device. The SOA has a flatter and broader gain spectrum than SOAs with substantially flat MQW stacks.

Abstract: The microsurgical microscope system with a stand and with a parallelogram linkage is characterized in that a bar, which connects two substantially horizontal bars and to which the microscope is connected, also has a receiving device connected to it for accessory parts of the microscope and/or additional weights.

Abstract: The microsurgical microscope system with a stand with three parallelogram linkages and a microscope arranged thereon is characterized in that a second parallelogram linkage and a third parallelogram linkage have a common bar inclined at an angle of approximately 30° to 60° to the vertical.

Abstract: A structure for assembly of a binocular telescope with a photographing function, comprises a lower frame, an upper frame, and an engaging mechanism. A pair of telescopic optical systems is mounted on the lower frame. A photographing unit is mounted on the upper frame. A first part of the engaging mechanism is provided on the lower frame. A second part of the engaging mechanism is provided on the upper frame. The first part and the second part are connected by assembling the upper frame onto the lower frame in such a manner that the photographing unit is placed between the pair of telescopic optical systems.

Abstract: A binocular telescope comprises right and left slide plates, and right and left mount plates disposed on the right and left slide plates. Right and left telescopic optical systems are mounted on the right and left slide plates which can be moved to adjust interpupillary distance for a user. A part of the right telescopic optical system is mounted on the right mount plate, and a part of the left telescopic optical system is mounted on the left mount plate. The right and left mount plates are moved along the optical axes of the right and left telescopic optical systems, to perform a focusing operation. The right and left slide plates have straight portions extending parallel to the optical axes. The right and left mount plates have right and left guide shoes slidably engaged with the straight portions.

Abstract: An observation apparatus is disclosed that includes two projection devices, a display panel, and a retaining and supporting member. The two projection devices are each provided with an aperture, and are positioned and oriented so that images are projected onto the display panel through the apertures. The display panel either includes a pupil-forming optical system that is formed of an image-forming element having positive optical power that is integral to the display panel or is sufficiently nearby it such that conjugate positions of the projection apertures are formed at pupil positions for observation. The retaining and supporting member is provided with a retaining mechanism that enables the display panel to be detachably attached to the supporting member.

Abstract: A stereomicroscopy system and method for generating at least a pair of representations of an object 7 for observation a user 9 are provided, comprising a detection system 15 for providing radiation data corresponding to detected radiation emanating from a region 17 of the object, a position detection apparatus 29 for detecting a position of the user, a location determination device 23 for determining a first and a second location in an object coordinate system 25, an image data generation device 23 for generating image data from the radiation data for a first representation and a second representation representing the region of the object viewed from the first and second locations, respectively, and a display apparatus 75 for displaying the first representation for a left eye of the user and for displaying the second representation for a right eye of the user as a function of the image data.

Abstract: An optical device that receives polarization components of input light, spatially separates the polarization components, provides the polarization components with a angles of polarization and directs them onto a reflective element that has a plurality of states. The spatially-separated polarization components are incident on the reflective element with a incident angles of polarization and are reflected by the reflective element with a spatial separation and reflected angles of polarization, which may or may not be the same as the incident angles of polarization. The angles of polarization of the reflected light are a function of the state of the reflective element. The portion of light reflected by the reflective element and the direction in which the reflected light propagates through the optical device can be controlled by controlling the state of the reflective element.

Abstract: A system and method for a four-port circulator. The four-port circulator includes a polarization beam splitter, a first reflector, a first non-reciprocal device, a second non-reciprocal device, and a second reflector. The first reflector is coupled with the polarization beam splitter. The first non-reciprocal device is coupled to the first reflector. The second non-reciprocal device is coupled to the polarization beam splitter. The second reflector is coupled with the polarization beam splitter.

Abstract: A polarizer comprising a polyvinyl alcohol based film being dyed by iodine and treated with potassium iodide, wherein an element content ratio (K/I) of iodine (I) and potassium (K) is 0.05 through 0.24, show an effect controlling coloring and satisfying high durability under conditions of high temperature.

Abstract: A holographic data storage medium having an anti-reflective coating is described. The anti-reflective coating can be made to reduce reflectivity for S-polarized light over a wide range of incident angles. Moreover, the anti-reflective coating can be made to have a sufficiently high transmittance for the S-polarized light. The coating may improve performance of the holographic data storage medium, and can facilitate higher storage densities than can be achieved without the coating.

Abstract: This invention relates to retroreflective sheeting which has an image, such as an image. More specifically, the image has varying appearance at different angles of view. The retroreflective sheeting has a layer of transparent microsphere lenses, a transparent polymeric spacing layer underlying, contacting, and conforming to the bottom of the lenses, the spacing and conformation of which is critical to the optimal performance of the retroreflective article, a reflective layer having a top surface in contact with the back surface of the spacing layer and a topcoat and/or cover sheet overlying and conforming to the top surfaces of the lenses and having a flat top surface or face. In another embodiment, the retroreflective sheeting includes a pressure sensitive adhesive underlying and in contact with the reflective layer. The retroreflective sheeting has an image whose proportions are determined by a non-conformity of the reflective and spacing layer to the bottom of the lenses.

Abstract: An optical arrangement has a light source which emits coherent light of a specific wavelength. Further provided is an optical Littrow grating, arranged at a specific Littrow angle &thgr;L. It has a multiplicity of parallel diffraction structures following one another periodically at an interval in each case of one specific grating period and arranged on a substrate predetermining a base area.

Abstract: Optical systems are provided. A representative optical system includes an optical filter that incorporates an optical filter component and a tuning assembly. The optical filter component includes a propagation axis and exhibits a length of physical path along the optical path of the optical filter. The optical filter component is adapted to receive an optical signal so that, in response to the optical signal, the optical filter component propagates at least a first frequency of light. The tuning assembly engages the optical filter component and is adapted to alter the length of the physical path along the propagation axis. In this manner, the optical filter component propagates at least a second frequency of light in response to the optical signal. Methods and other systems also are provided.

Abstract: An optoelectronic device including a header having an upper surface and including a plurality of conducting pins extending up through the upper surface; an optical device; a tunable optical filter, wherein the optical device and the tunable optical filter are arranged in a vertical stack mounted on and extending above the upper surface of the header and wherein the tunable optical filter is electrically connected to the plurality of conducting pins; and a cap affixed to the header and along with the header defining a sealed interior containing the optical device and the tunable optical filter, wherein the cap has a top surface with a window formed therein, and wherein the window is aligned with the tunable optical filter and the optical device.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical filter comprising:

Abstract: Refracting optical system 1 and 2 relatively shift the second laser beam groups together with respect to the first laser beam groups along the layering direction. The transmission/reflecting optical system for alignment 1R, 2R, 1S and 2S are used, so that the laser beam patterns comprised of the first and second laser beam groups which are emitted from the transmission/reflecting optical systems 1R, 2R, 1S and 2S are shaped to be long in the layering direction of the laser bar, and since separate optical systems are used for shift and alignment, respectively, an individual optical system has a simple configuration.

Abstract: A holographic imaging system and method includes a radiation source for generating radiation. A data base has a set of elements, each element is indicative of a trajectory of a light ray exiting a point in a recorded scene. A spatial light modulator is receptive of the radiation from the radiation source and the elements of the data base mapped to the spatial light modulator, thereby projecting from the spatial light modulator an optical signal in the nature of a two dimensional bitmap of the recorded scene. A diffractive optical element includes a set of basis fringes receptive of the projected optical signal from the spatial light modulator for diffracting the optical signal in a specified direction. A multiplexer is receptive of the elements of the data base for multiplexing the elements of the data base to the spatial light modulator. A timing device synchronizes multiplexing the elements of the data base to the spatial light modulator and diffracting the optical signal in a specified direction.

Abstract: There is provided a structure for reducing optical loss in an optical apparatus (homogenizer) for making the intensity distribution of a laser beam uniform.

Abstract: A telecentric lens system including a front lens unit, a rear lens unit that is disposed so that the front focal point of the rear lens unit coincides with the back focal point of the front lens unit, and a diaphragm mechanism that is disposed at the location where the back focal point of the front lens unit and the front focal point of the rear lens unit coincide. The diaphragm mechanism includes a numerical aperture changer for changing the numerical aperture of the diaphragm mechanism. By changing the numerical aperture, the telecentric lens system can be used in a wide range of applications from observations requiring a large focal depth to observations requiring high resolution. The telecentric lens system that can be used in observations for a wide range of applications and an image measuring device including the telecentric lens system.

Abstract: Incident light rays (11) given from an optical fiber (10) are converted into parallel light rays (12) by a collimator lens (2). The parallel light rays (12) are demultiplexed in accordance with wavelengths by a diffraction grating (3). After the demultiplexed light rays arrive at the collimator lens (2) again, the light rays are converted into convergent light rays (14) and converged into a photo acceptance element array. Because the converging/image-forming positions of respective channels are arranged at irregular pitches in accordance with wavelengths, signals of the channels can be taken out accurately and efficiently from photo acceptance elements respectively when the photo acceptance elements are provided in the converging/image-forming positions respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel, light adjustable optical elements. The optical elements contain an acrylate-based modifying composition which is capable of stimulus-induced polymerization. Novel telechelic acrylate polymers are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical recording apparatus includes an optical system, a photosensitive drum and a rotational mechanism. Multibeam laser light is focused through the optical system to form an image as a column of image-forming beam spots on the photosensitive drum. The column of image-forming beam spots is arranged obliquely on the photosensitive drum and scanned to perform optical recording. The optical system includes a resolution converting lens system which is detachably attached into the optical system. The rotating mechanism adjusts rotation of the resolution converting lens system around an optical axis thereof. The resolution converting lens system is rotated by the rotating mechanism to change of resolution of the recording image. The resolution converting lens system is attached into and detached from the optical system to change of resolution of the recording image.

Abstract: An extender optical system, for insertion between a photographic main lens and a camera body for changing the focal length of the lens system as a whole to the long focus side, is formed of, in order from the object side, a first lens group having negative refractive power, a second lens group formed of a single negative lens, and a third lens group having positive refractive power. The negative lens that constitutes the second lens group is made to move in directions that are normal to the optical axis so as to correct for what would otherwise be blurred images due to vibrations. Various conditions are preferably satisfied so as to ensure high image quality over the entire field of view.

Abstract: A high-magnification zoom lens system includes a positive first lens group, a negative second lens group, a positive third lens group, a negative fourth lens group, and a positive fifth lens group. Upon zooming from the short focal length extremity to the long focal length extremity, at least the positive first lens group, the positive third lens group, the negative fourth lens group, and the positive fifth lens group move from the image side toward the object side. The high-magnification zoom lens system satisfies the following conditions: 0.65<(fw*ft)½/f1<0.95 . . . (1); −7.0<(fw*ft)½/f2<−4.8 . . . (2); 0.80<X4/X5<0.95 . . .

Abstract: A zoom lens is disclosed having four groups of positive, negative, positive, and positive refractive power, respectively, in order from the object side. The second lens group includes, in order from the object side, a biconcave or plano-concave lens, a biconcave lens, and a positive meniscus lens with its convex surface on the object side. The third lens group is a single lens having at least one surface that is aspherical. The fourth lens group includes a biconvex lens positioned between two meniscus lenses, and includes at least one surface that is aspherical. The first and third lens groups are fixed in position, the second lens group moves for zooming, and the fourth lens group moves for both zooming and focusing. A specified condition is satisfied to provide a zoom lens of small overall length, a zoom ratio that exceeds 6, a wide-angle of view, and favorably corrected aberrations.

Abstract: An optical element has diffractive grooves. Each diffractive groove includes a first surface approximated by a predetermined optical function; a second surface extending in a direction to cross the first surface and being parallel to the optical axis; and a third surface to connect the first surface and the second surface. A width of the third surface in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis is 0.5% to 15% of the sum of a width of the first surface in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis and the width of the third surface in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel intraocular lenses. The lenses are capable of post-operative adjustment of their optical properties, including conversion from single focal lenses to multifocal lenses.

Abstract: A frame is used to form a liquid tight seal between optical components such as beam splitters in a prism assembly suitable for use in a kernel. The frame covers channels and intersections of channels between the optical components. A sealant, such as an adhesive or gasket material is placed between the frame and the optical components to create the seal. Many different configurations of optical components may be held together in an assembly using the frame. In one embodiment, the optical components are pathlength matched beam splitters arranged in pathlength matched positions of a prism assembly suitable for use in a kernel. In one embodiment, the frame includes a central plate and a bottom portion, arms, and one or more interlocking mechanisms to hold the frame around the optical components.

Abstract: Kernels are designed in different configurations based on design properties of an enclosure or other requirements. A prism assembly having various types of filters, waveplates, beam splitters (e.g., path length matched beam splitters) and/or other optical components are provided to selectively direct light beams to each of red, green, and blue microdisplays that manipulate the light and then combine the manipulated lights into an output image. The prism assembly includes an input face, an output face, and other faces on which the microdisplays are attached in a number of different configurations. Requirements and exact placement of optical components varies depending on which microdisplay is attached to which face. The components of the prism assembly may be arranged in path length matched positions.

Abstract: Prism elements having TIR surfaces placed in close proximity to the active area of a SLM device 302 to separate unwanted off-state 324 and/or flat-state 326 light from the projection ON-light bundle 322. The TIR critical angle of these prisms is selected to affect either the off-state light or additionally, any portion of flat-state light reflected from the SLM. These TIR surfaces are placed to immediately reflect the unwanted light as it comes off the SLM, thereby preventing the contamination of light along the projection path, which tends to degrade the system contrast. To further improve the optical performance of the system, these TIR prisms can be attached directly to the SLM package 300, completely eliminating the package window.

Abstract: A device for adjusting a view range of a vehicular monitoring device includes a vehicle status detector mounted on a turning portion of a vehicle for detecting a turning degree of the turning portion, and outputting an adjusting signal associated with the turning degree; and a controller in communication with the vehicle status detector and the vehicular monitoring device, controlling the vehicular monitoring device to move from an initial position to a working position in response to the adjusting signal. The working position varies with the turning degree.

Abstract: A multi-mode color filter 400 having an inner hub region 402 used to mount the color filter 400 to a motor shaft. A first track 404 and a second track 406 of color filter segments are formed on the color filters as is an optional clear track 406. The first and second tracks each have a different set of color filters. One set of filters is chosen to improve image brightness, another set is selected to improve color saturation. Typically, the set of filters used to improve brightness includes one or more clear segments, while the set of filters selected to improve color saturation does not. Depending on the image being projected, the user or the display controller moves the color wheel to select a particular filter set.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for implementing adaptive reordering of data recovery procedure (DRP) steps in a direct access storage device (DASD). An initial set of DRP steps is stored. A reorder table is stored during the operation of the DASD. The reorder table includes data recovery data for each data head of successful predefined DRP step numbers. When a DRP process is started, checking for a modified DRP step is performed using the reorder table. Responsive to not identifying the modified DRP step, file parameters for a DRP read operation are set based on the initial set of DRP steps. Responsive to identifying the modified DRP step, file parameters for a DRP read operation are set based on a reordered DRP step that is identified by using the stored successful predefined DRP step numbers in the reorder table. When a successful DRP read operation is identified, the data recovery data in the reorder table are updated.

Abstract: In the PRML signal processing technique, reduction of data detection error events caused due to medium noise that occurs depending on a recording code data pattern is realized by using simple means. With respect to a detection data result obtained after PRML data demodulation, a code error event that depends on a signal distance and has a high frequency of occurrence is noticed and its occurrence probability is estimated. At this time, a locally existing medium noise quantity is estimated from preceding and subsequent code patterns of the PRML detection data result. Thereby the occurrence probability of the error event is compensated to improve the detection precision. As a result, data modulation with reliability higher than conventional maximum likelihood detection can be realized with a simple circuit structure.

Abstract: In a magnetic disk drive, overshoot caused in reversing the flowing direction of a recording current flowing through a magnetic head is intensified. The magnetic disk drive includes first and second differential pulse generation units for respectively generating first and second differential pulse signals by differentiating first and second recording signals; and first and second transistors that are provided in parallel to a resistor disposed between ground and an H bridge circuit for driving the magnetic head and are respectively turned on in accordance with the first and second differential pulse signals. When the flowing direction of the recording current is reversed in response to the first and second recording signals, one of the first and second differential pulse signals is generated, and hence, one of the first and second transistors is temporarily turned on. As a result, the overshoot of the recording current is intensified.

Abstract: The present invention involves a recordable disk having a first plurality of S1 servo sample wedges in a first servo zone at an outermost position on the disk, a second plurality of S2 servo sample wedges in a second servo zone which is radially adjacent the first servo zone, and a third plurality of S3 servo sample wedges in a third servo zone which is radially adjacent the second servo zone. The S1 servo sample wedges of the first plurality are equally spaced apart circumferentially around the disk by a first angle &thgr;1, the S2 servo sample wedges of the second plurality are equally spaced apart circumferentially around the disk by a second angle &thgr;2=&thgr;1*N1, and the S3 servo sample wedges of the third plurality are equally spaced apart circumferentially around the disk by a third angle &thgr;3=&thgr;2*N2.