Abstract: The invention provides a crystallizing method and an apparatus for producing a biopolymer capable of simplifying operations for taking out a produced crystal and mounting the crystal onto a crystal structure analyzer, thereby improving efficiency in the operations as well as reducing a labor burden. A crystallizing apparatus for producing a biopolymer crystal from a solution containing a biopolymer includes a crystal-growing chip 10 made of a material allowing electromagnetic waves to permeate through the chip, and in which a circular frame 16 is formed to retain a droplet 20 of a solution containing a biopolymer and a biopolymer crystal 28 produced in the droplet.

Abstract: In an optical element which includes a single crystal having at least one flat light-transmitting end surface, the at least one light-transmitting end surface is inclined at at least 0.5 degrees relative to a plane perpendicular to one of an a-axis and a c-axis of the single crystal. In a process of producing such an optical element, a single crystal is cut out so that the single crystal has at least one surface which is inclined at at least 0.5 degrees relative to a plane perpendicular to one of an a-axis and a c-axis of the single crystal, and then the at least one surface is polished into at least one light-transmitting end surface.

Abstract: A Ce-activated GSO single crystal is provided which comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ta and Zr. The GSO single crystal possesses a faster fluorescence-attenuation time and a smaller output ratio and is colorless and highly transparent. Accordingly, the single crystal may suitably be used as a scintillator for PET.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a semiconductor wafer which has superior suitability for mass production and reproducibility. The process comprises the steps of preparing a first member which has a monocrystalline semiconductor layer on a semiconductor substrate with a separation layer arranged therebetween with a semiconductor wafer as the raw material, transferring the monocrystalline semiconductor layer onto a second member which comprises a semiconductor wafer after separating the monocrystalline semiconductor layer through the separation layer, and smoothing the surface of the semiconductor substrate after the transferring step so as to be used as a semiconductor wafer for purposes other than forming the first and second members.

Abstract: A method for growing stoichiometric lithium niobate and lithium tantalate single crystals is provided. A crystal growing apparatus that includes a long crucible with a separation member therein is used. A solid feed material is quenched from a molten state, solidified in batches or sintered before charged in the long crucible to obtain substantially stoichiometric solids. The separation member divides the long crucible into a melting zone and a feeding zone located under the melting zone, and it could effectively prevent bubble formation in the growing crystal. The stoichiometry of the axial and radial composition can be well controlled, and the control of the diameter of the crystal body is easily achieved as well.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a quartz glass crucible for pulling up silicon single crystal and a method for producing the same, suitable for improving the productivity of the crucible and the quality of the silicon single crystal, which, by forming a crystalline layer on the inner surface of the quartz glass crucible during pulling up silicon single crystal, prevents degradation from occurring on the inner surface of the crucible and increases the ratio of single crystal while preventing the dislocation from forming on the single crystals.

Abstract: A method for recharging a crucible with polycrystalline silicon comprises adding flowable chips to a crucible used in a Czochralski-type process. Flowable chips are polycrystalline silicon particles made from polycrystalline silicon prepared by a chemical vapor deposition process, and flowable chips have a controlled particle size distribution, generally nonspherical morphology, low levels of bulk impurities, and low levels of surface impurities. Flowable chips can be added to the crucible using conventional feeder equipment, such as vibration feeder systems and canister feeder systems.

Abstract: A silica glass crucible is produced by

Abstract: A process for forming an epitaxial layer on a semiconductor wafer substrate is provided. The process comprises providing a semiconductor wafer substrate and an area for forming an epitaxial layer on said semiconductor wafer substrate. The formation area consists essentially of an epitaxial layer process chamber. The semiconductor wafer substrate is introduced into the epitaxial layer process chamber and an epitaxial layer is formed on at least one surface of the semiconductor wafer substrate. At least one epitaxial layer surface is substantially hydrophobic. Then, a chemical reagent is introduced into said epitaxial layer process chamber. The chemical reagent reacts with the epitaxial layer surface in situ to form an outer layer.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a novel process for the preparation of a silicon wafer comprising a surface having an epitaxial layer deposited thereon. In one embodiment, an epitaxial layer is deposited onto a surface of a silicon wafer. The wafer is also heated to a temperature of at least about 1175° C. This heat treatment begins either during or after the epitaxial deposition. Following the heat treatment, the heated wafer is cooled for a period of time at a rate of at least about 10° C./sec while (a) the temperature of the wafer is greater than about 1000° C., and (b) the wafer is not in contact with a susceptor. In this process, the epitaxial deposition, heating, and cooling are conducted in the same reactor chamber.

Abstract: To provide a thin-film forming device and a thin-film forming method, a liquid crystal display and a device and method for manufacturing the same, and a thin-film structure and a device and method for manufacturing the same, in which material losses are reduced by using a droplet ejection head, and in addition, the thickness of the entire film can be made uniform. The invention can include a thin-film forming device that is a device for forming a thin film by applying a coating solution onto a substrate, the coating solution containing a solvent and a film-forming material dissolved or dispersed therein. Also an ejection mechanism having a droplet ejection head for ejecting the coating solution onto the substrate, a moving mechanism capable of relatively moving the positions of the droplet ejection head and the substrate, and a control unit for controlling at least one of the ejection mechanism and the moving mechanism can be provided for the thin-film forming device.

Abstract: A heating injection apparatus for vapor liquid delivery system includes inert gas purging part and thermostat device. Inert gas purging parts includes a liquid injector, a three-way valve, an exhausting branch and a purging gas. The three-way valve is used to connect purging gas, injector and exhausting branch. Liquid source resides in front of the liquid injector, and be injected into a gas line by liquid injector, besides the purging gas is used to purging out the liquid source remains on liquid injector to prevent polymerization. The temperature setting of thermostat device can be adjusted to meet liquid source requirement, and used to heating gas to demand production temperature before the gas enters the CVD system, and the thermostat device heats gas more efficiently, quickly and keep the gas temperature constant.

Abstract: A reactive precursor feeding manifold assembly includes a body comprising a plenum chamber. A valve is received proximate the body and has at least two inlets and at least one outlet. At least one valve inlet is configured for connection with a reactive precursor source. At least one valve outlet feeds to a precursor inlet to the plenum chamber. A purge stream is included which has a purge inlet to the plenum chamber which is received upstream of the plenum chamber precursor inlet. The body has a plenum chamber outlet configured to connect with a substrate processing chamber. In one implementation, the plenum chamber purge inlet is angled from the plenum chamber precursor inlet. In one implementation, structure is included on the body which is configured to mount the body to a substrate processing chamber with the plenum chamber outlet proximate to and connected with a substrate processing chamber inlet.

Abstract: In order to allow a continuous production process for the plasma treatment of workpieces, an apparatus for plasma treatment of workpieces is provided which comprises a transport device and a plasma generating device which injects electromagnetic energy into an area of the apparatus during operation, in which the transport device carries the workpieces through the area continuously.

Abstract: An apparatus for depositing an insulation layer in a trench. A wafer loader is used to load a wafer having a trench. A first HDP-CVD chamber adjoins the wafer loader, where the first HDP-CVD chamber is used to deposit a first insulation layer in the trench, and the first trench retains an opening. A vapor-etching chamber adjoins the first HDP-CVD chamber. The vapor-etching chamber is used to remove part of the first insulation layer to leave a remaining first insulation layer at the bottom of the trench and expose the sidewall of the trench above the remaining first insulation layer. A second HDP-CVD chamber adjoins the vapor-etching chamber, where the second HDP-CVD chamber fills the trench by depositing a second insulation layer. A wafer unloader adjoins the second HDP-CVD chamber.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus comprising a substrate processing chamber, a gas distribution system operatively coupled to the chamber, a high density plasma power source, a controller operatively coupled to the gas distribution system and the high density plasma power source and a memory coupled to the controller. The memory includes computer instructions embodied in a computer-readable format. The computer instructions comprise (i) instructions that control the gas distribution system to flow a process gas comprising a silane gas, an oxygen-containing source, an inert gas and a hydrogen-containing source that is either molecular hydrogen or a hydride gas that does not include silicon, boron or phosphorus and (ii) instructions that control the high density plasma source to form a plasma having an ion density of at least 1×1011 ions/cm3 from the process gas to deposit the silicon oxide layer over the substrate.

Abstract: A component of a plasma reactor chamber for processing a semiconductor workpiece, the component being a monolithic ceramic piece formed from a mixture of yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAP) and yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) formed from a mixture of yttria and alumina powders, the ratio the powders in said mixture being within a range between one ratio at which at least nearly pure yttrium aluminum perovskite is formed and another ratio at which at least nearly pure yttrium aluminum garnet is formed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for discharging feed from a hopper. Feed is introduced into a bin with a gate or valve positioned beneath the discharge opening in a lower portion of the bin to inhibit discharge of feed. Feed is intermittently discharged from the opening by selectively moving the gate or valve at least partially away from the opening to permit feed to flow through the opening.

Abstract: A novel euthanasia composition for animals, especially companion animals, utilizes a combination of sodium pentobarbital with dibucaine. The composition is easy to administer, fast-acting and relatively painless. A humane method for euthanasia involves administering the composition to animals for which euthanasia is desired.

Abstract: A housing structure that includes a transparent opening in one wall thereof, the opening being covered with a transparent material such as Plexiglas®. This opening allows a user to view the interior of the structure and ascertain the welfare of any animals within or check for pests without opening the birdhouse and risk frightening or harming the animals. In addition, the housing structure may also include a light within such that a user can illuminate the interior thereof. This allows the user to inspect the interior of the structure when it is too dark to do so without the help of an artificial light source. Moreover, the structure may include a removable roof or side wall for easy access to the interior of the birdhouse for the purpose of cleaning and the like, or access ports that may be used to access the structure without opening.

Abstract: Disclosed is a small animal exercise device, suitable for allowing a small rodent or other small and trainable animal to be domesticated, and confined in a relatively small space while enjoying the benefits of exercise that accrue to mammals of all kinds. The exercise device includes a dish, a stand and a connecting assembly. The dish provides an effectively large and safe exercise surface, while physically fitting into the confined environment or small enclosure for small animals such as rodents and the like. The dish has an outer periphery and a raceway having a solid surface adjacent the periphery. The dish is rotatably connected to a stand, which elevates the dish above the horizontal surface upon which the stand rests, to allow the dish to rotate freely during rodent or other small animal exercise. The connecting assembly, includes among other things, a bearing assembly which fixedly, but rotatably connects the dish to the stand, more particularly, the distal end of the stand defines a bearing shaft.

Abstract: A system for maintaining an optimal flue gas inlet to a boiler mounted SCR assembly in the flue of the boiler is accomplished by mixing the normal inlet feedwater to an economizer of the boiler with near saturation water from downcomers of the boiler to thereby raise the temperature of the flue gas passing across the economizer and raising the SCR inlet to the desired optimal SCR operation temperature.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for generating hydrogen for use with an internal combustion engine. The system includes a venturi device coupled with an exhaust stream from the internal combustion engine. The venturi device creates a gas flow through a condenser to generate reactant water. After the reactant water is polished to remove contaminants, hydrogen and oxygen are disassociated using a PEM based electrolyzer. The hydrogen gas is used by the internal combustion engine to assist in the combustion process and reduce pollutant emissions.

Abstract: In a reciprocating internal combustion engine having first and second cylinder banks arranged adjacent each other so that the axes of their cylinders extend essential parallel, a crankshaft is rotatably supported at an end of the cylinder banks between the longitudinal axes of the cylinders of the first and second cylinder banks and includes crank pins, on which cross-levers are rotatably supported and piston rods connected with an end to the pistons are rotatably supported with their other ends on the cross levers which have sidewardly extending portions controllably supported by control arms for adjusting the compression ratio in the cylinders of the engine.

Abstract: A two stroke internal combustion engine having a compressed air inlet port (13) and an exhaust port (14) the flow through which is controlled by suitable valves (3, 4). Fuel is injected through a fuel injector (5). The timing of the opening of the valve is such that as the piston (2) approaches top dead centre and with the air inlet valve (3) closed, the exhaust valve (4) is closed such that some exhaust gas is trapped and compressed in the combustion chamber thereby increasing the temperature within the combustion chamber and hence facilitating ignition. The invention also contemplates initiating combustion before the air inlet valve (3) is closed.

Abstract: A two-step roller finger follower including an elongate body having side walls defining coaxially disposed shaft orifices, a pallet end and a socket end interconnecting with the side walls to define a slider arm aperture, and a latch channel. The socket end is mountable to an hydraulic lash adjuster, and the pallet end is matable with a valve stem. A slider arm for engaging a high-lift cam lobe is disposed in the slider arm aperture and has a first end pivotably mounted to the pallet end of the body and the second end forming a slider tip for engaging an activation/deactivation latch. The latch is slidably disposed in the latch channel, and the latch has a nose section for selectively engaging the slider tip. A spool-shaped roller having first and second roller elements fixedly attached to the shaft is rotatably disposed in the shaft orifices, the roller being adapted to follow the surface motion of low-lift cam lobes.

Abstract: An apparatus for varying the motion characteristics of a valve typically in an engine includes a rotating member such as a valve crank shaft having a conrod with a sliding pin. The sliding pin is constrained to move along a path in a guide member. The guide member is adjustably attached to the engine, and by adjusting the position of the guide member, the trajectory taken by the pin can be varied. The pin also moves along a path of a pivotally attached rocker arm, the path of the rocker arm being different to the path of the guide member. The difference in the paths causes the rocker arm to pivot, and this in turn causes motion in a valve in contact with the end of the rocker arm. By moving the guide member, the differences in the path of the guide member and rocker arm can be accentuated or minimised, thereby altering the motion characteristics of the rocker arm and in turn the valve. This enables the valve opening duration and/or valve lift to be varied.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a variable valve control device that varies a lift degree of an intake valve, an air intake passage led to an intake port of the engine that is incorporated with the intake valve and a fuel injection valve arranged to inject fuel into the intake port. The fuel injection valve has a first injection mode wherein each fuel injection shot is entirely carried out during opening period of the intake valve and a second injection mode wherein each fuel injection shot entirely finishes prior to opening action of the intake valve. A control unit is further employed by the engine, which allows the fuel injection valve to select one of the first and second injection modes in accordance with the lift degree of intake valve effected by the variable valve control device.

Abstract: A piston-type internal-combustion engine having deactivatable, mechanically actuated cylinder valves that are respectively actuated by at least one camshaft via a roller drag lever (5) comprising two partial levers (5.1, 5.2) that are hinged to one another via an articulated shaft (6), on which the roller (7) associated with a cam (8) of the camshaft is rotatably seated. A locking mechanism (13) is provided to selectively couple or decouple the two partial levers (5.1, 5.2) to activate or deactivate the force transmission between the camshaft and the cylinder valve. The free end 5.11 of one partial lever (5.1) is supported on the cylinder valve (2), and the free end 5.21 of the other partial lever (5.2) is supported on the engine block (11).

Abstract: A phaser for adjusting the timing between a camshaft and a crankshaft. The phaser consists of an outer housing having internal and external teeth and an inner housing connected to the camshaft. The outer teeth couple to the cam drive—the timing chain, timing belt or timing gears. A worm mounted on the inner housing is meshed with the internal teeth of the outer housing. The worm gear is connected to one or two drive wheels, which are rotated by contact with stationary plates. The plates are moved by electromagnetic coils to contact the drive wheel or wheels, and turn them in one direction or the other. The actuators are activated by an engine control unit. The plates can be mounted concentrically on one side of the phaser, or on opposite sides.

Abstract: An outboard motor having an intake silencing box provided above a cylinder block in communication with combustion chambers is provided. The intake silencing box has left and right air induction passages located forwardly of exhaust passages and extending vertically downwardly between the exhaust passages and a skirt of a crankcase in a suspended fashion. The lower ends of the air induction passages open downwardly.

Abstract: A device and a method for the modification of an operating all-loss engine lubricant's properties in response to actual engine operating conditions. The present invention is a method that comprises (1) monitoring the specific engine parameter(s) of interest, or in the alternative, predicting those parameter(s) from other engine inputs for a crosshead diesel engine; (2) calculating from said parameter(s) or input(s) the amount of performance enhancer(s), base lubricant or alternatively formulated lubricant that need be added to the engine's base lubricant; and (3) modifying said base lubricant with said performance enhancers, additional base lubricant or alternatively formulated lubricant before introduction the combination into said monitored part or location.

Abstract: A variable vane rotary engine comprising of a housing formed by a stator with front and rear covers enclosing a rotor. The stator is divided into two rotatably symmetrical power-compression and intake-exhaust sections. Positioned at the beginning of each power-compression section of the stator is a combustor connected by a nozzle. Positioned throughout the intake-exhaust section of the stator are exhaust ducts. Interior to the rotor are a plurality of symmetrically positioned chambers each containing a variable vane pivotably articulated on a shaft. The chambers are exposed to the stator through peripheral rotor combustion ducts. The vanes act as a barrier dividing the chambers into an expansion region and a compression region. The dynamics of each variable vane are controlled by a set of shaft mounted eccentric bearings following on a common set of cams. The front side-wall of the rotor has a concentrically cutout inlet exposing the expansion chambers to housing air inlets.

Abstract: A rotary internal combustion engine has a housing and a working wheel mounted rotatably in the housing. At least one working piston is provided on the working wheel for taking in and compressing air or a fuel-air mixture and for converting gas pressure resulting from combustion of the fuel-air mixture into mechanical energy. A counter wheel with a working piston recess is provided. A combustion chamber for combusting a fuel-air mixture is formed in operation continuously anew between working piston, working wheel, counter wheel, and housing. First air vanes form spokes of the working wheel and take in the fuel-air mixture or the air through the working wheel for pre-compression of air or of a fuel-air mixture. The wheel is pulley-shaped and has an annular channel extending in a circumferential direction. The working piston is arranged fixedly in the annular channel.

Abstract: Superior piston bowl and combustion chamber configurations are designed for a reverse tumble spark ignition direct injection engine. The piston includes a shallow bowl extending from adjacent an edge of the piston head to an inner side slightly beyond a peak. The bowl features a bowl lip re-entrant angle at the spark plug location having an open or positive re-entrant angle. On lateral edges of the bowl between the inner and outer edges, wing like extensions include negative re-entrant angles. These help contain the injected fuel within the bowl during combustion. Other features of the combustion chamber include vertical intake ports that produce a weak reverse tumbling air flow motion with a tumble ratio of about 0.6, which allows increased flow efficiency of the port. An injector spray cone angle of 90 degrees is preferred with a bowl sized to capture the spray. Various additional features are disclosed.

Abstract: An intake air throttle valve device is capable of statically determining the opening of a throttle valve by balance between a driving force from a motor and an elastic force from an elastic member, thus making it possible to prevent the occurrence of a range in which it is impossible to control the opening of the throttle valve in accordance with the amount of electric power supplied to the motor. The intake air throttle valve device of the present invention is provided, in an intermediate portion of the elastic member with a load applying element for causing the elastic member to generate a force to oppose the force of a throttle gear thereby to apply a load to the throttle gear. The load applying element includes a third engagement portion, a first abutment portion and a second abutment portion.

Abstract: In a method for controlling a multicylinder internal combustion engine, where a cylinder-equalization control is performed to adjust cylinder-specific torque contributions to the overall torque of the internal combustion engine, it is provided for a functioning monitoring to be carried out for the cylinder-equalization control, and, in response to disturbances in the area of the cylinder-equalization control, for at least one error signal to be generated, indicating the existence of a disturbance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for injecting fuel into the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, with a pump (2), which supplies highly pressurized fuel to a high-pressure accumulation chamber (3). Starting from this high-pressure accumulation chamber (3), a high-pressure supply line leads to an injector (5), which contains a metering valve (7) that acts on an injection nozzle (24) with fuel. The metering valve (7) is associated with a damping throttle (26), which is connected to a part of the high-pressure region.

Abstract: A micro-pump for fuel injection includes a housing, a pressure regulator, a combustible liquid inlet conduit in fluid communication with the pressure regulator, and a drop ejector on the housing and in fluid communication with the pressure regulator. The drop ejector contains a nozzle capable of ejecting a combustible liquid in a drop-by-drop fashion from the drop ejector.

Abstract: A fuel injector pump in a direct-injection fuel delivery system for an internal combustion engine including a solenoid valve for controlling transfer of fluid from a high pressure chamber to a fuel injector nozzle. A supply passage and a return passage provide a fuel flow circuit for the fuel delivery system, the high pressure chamber being defined in part by a camshaft-driven plunger. An independent fuel leak flow path is provided to accommodate fuel leakage past a plunger of the pump, the fuel leak flow path extending to a zero pressure fuel tank.

Abstract: The invention proposes a fuel supply system for internal combustion engines, having a fuel tank (1) and a fuel reservoir (5) disposed therein, having a fuel pump (11), which drives one or more jet pumps (13), each by means of a supply line (21), the jet pumps (13) in turn filling the fuel reservoir (5) with fuel from the fuel tank (1). There is also a fuel line (7), which hydraulically connects the fuel reservoir (5) to the engine. During the starting of the engine, the fuel pump (11) feeds fuel into the fuel line (7), thus improving the starting behavior of the engine.

Abstract: An adjustable bowstring release device comprised of three handle designs and a two piece catch that captures the bowstring for the purpose of safe drawing and releasing of the bowstring. The archer can pull any of the three handles to get the bow fully drawn with a straight wrist and with 3, 4, or 5 fingers evenly pulling on the handle. In the past with similar release devices, in order to safely draw the bow, the archer had to pull mainly with just one finger. Once safely at full draw, by laterally rotating the handle, the archer can loose the bowstring.

Abstract: A unitary, chisel-type blade unit for a broadhead comprising multiple blades each with a razor edge extending radially from a common frontal point to a base. The base of each blade is connected to a central base collar having a central aperture in alignment with a cap on the underside of each of the blades and positioned between the central base collar and the common frontal point. The cap has a first means for connection to a ferrule. The central base collar has a second means for connection to a ferrule.

Abstract: Disclosed is a finned vibration damper to damp vibrations in an object, especially in an archery bow. The invention is comprised of a base and a plurality of fins extending up from the base. The vibration damper is made of an elastic, rubbery material, such as an elastomer or elastic polymer. The base of the damper has a bottom surface which can be attached to an object by glue or an adhesive. In an alternative embodiment, the damper has interlocking extensions that allow the damper to be wrapped around and object so that extensions overlap and interlock. In another disclosed embodiment, the damper is a ring with fins extending radially out from a ring base.

Abstract: An article for manufacture of marble asphalt with use of a specific marble rock unique to certain geographic regions, and process for which rock is removed and thus eliminates stress on rock composition, providing a asphalt blend or as an additive.

Abstract: A method and tool for chipping the edges of natural stone tile may be used to give the tile a used or rustic appearance. The tool includes an axially-rotatable, cylindrical member having an array of studs affixed or embedded in the cylindrical surface. A drive shaft, affixed to one end of the cylindrical member, may be inserted within the chuck of a powered drill motor or other similar powered device. A handle is rotatably coupled to the opposite end of the cylindrical member. For a preferred embodiment of the invention, the handle consists of a tubular sleeve which is rotatably mounted on bearing races over a support shaft that is rigidly and coaxially affixed to the cylindrical member. In order to use the tool, the drive shaft is secured within the chuck of a drill motor or other similar device designed to provide powered rotary motion to a shaft.

Abstract: A hot-air oven for the preparation of food is provided. A cooking chamber delimited by walls is provided in a housing. A blower produces a hot-air stream in the cooking chamber, and a controller controls the progress of a cooking process. A rotatable basket for food can be introduced into the cooking chamber via an opening in one of the walls. During operation the basket is subjected to a hot-air stream. A closure element is connected to the basket and serves to close off the wall opening during operation. The closure element is supported relative to the basket via a pivot bearing that is coaxial with an axis of rotation of the basket.

Abstract: An attachment for gas grills with automatic ignition gas burner includes a two-way, plunger actuated valve remotely mounted from the cooking area immediately around the burner. The valve plunger is actuated by an arm or actuator rod B having a pivotal mounting C shielded from the cooking area. Attached to the arm is a ring or actuator member E that provides a large contact area allowing actuation by the periphery of a cooking utensil. Placing the utensil over the burner depresses the ring against the force of the torsion spring D actuating the valve, allowing gas to flow to the burner where it is automatically ignited for cooking. Removal of the utensil closes the valve, shutting off the flow of gas, thus extinguishing the flame at the burner.

Abstract: A barbecue stove structure having a switch includes a support frame, multiple flow rate control valves, and multiple press plates. When the control knob is rotated, the drive rod of the flow rate control valve and the press plate may be rotated by the control knob, so that the contact and press portion of the press plate contacts and presses the signal receiving terminal of the switch, so that the control circuit of the electric power device may output a current to an igniter of each of the burner heads, so that each of the burner heads may ignite and burn.

Abstract: Delivering heat from modem high temperature solar collectors to storage tanks is more effectively done using a pressurized, high temperature fluid loop using nonflammable and low toxicity heat transfer fluids and is the subject of this patent. Nontoxic water/antifreeze mixtures can be used in pressurized (14#, (14 Pounds Square Inch pressure above atmosphere)) systems up to 265 degrees Fahrenheit before the mixture boils. Boiling under pressure transports either steam or heat out of the closed system. The steam must be condensed and returned to the closed loop system to keep it full. In order to accomplish this in a practical manner a pressurizing cap and overflow reservoir are used. The system will either shed excess heat collected by boiling or limit the heat input from the collector panel by increasing its heat loss due to increasing solar collector temperature above ambient.