Abstract: A centerless sheet metal bending machine is provided for forming cleats in sheet metal. The machine includes a housing having a table upon which a piece of sheet metal can be supported. The housing has a mouth through which the sheet metal can be extended and a gap between an end of the table and the mouth. The machine includes a clamping assembly for holding said sheet metal in place and a bending assembly for forming bends (cleats) in the sheet metal. The clamping assembly comprises a hold down bar and a table bar having a clamping surface. The table bar is link driven between an open position in which the clamping surface of the table bar is spaced from the hold down bar and a closed position in which the table bar clamping surface is positioned beneath the hold down bar. The bending assembly comprising a bending bar mounted on a gear segment which rides in a curved track.

Abstract: A ram-side ejector device for shaping presses comprising a press carriage, which is movable between a pressing position extended relative to a stationary press die and an end position at a distance therefrom and comprises a press ram cooperating with the stationary press die, said presses further comprising an ejector pin carried on the press carriage the pressing direction and penetrating the press ram, said ejector pin being movable between a retracted end position, in which it is supported, by its end remote from the die, on a stop formed on the press carriage, and an extended position protruding from the press ram, wherein the end of said pin remote from the die is distanced from the stop, said pin being provided with a resetting means which acts counter to the direction in which said pin is extended and which may be releasably blocked, when the press carriage returns from its pressing position, by a blocking means fixed to the press frame counter to the return movement of the press carriage, the activati

Abstract: A system in the form of a database allowing operators of aircraft or any other equipment where components are subject to wear to manage all the maintenance, analysis and provisioning aspects of such components e.g. brake and wheel components. The system is able to predict component, e.g. tyre, life to a high degree of accuracy based on the measured wear rate of the component or a related component such as each tyre's related brake unit.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a device to be mounted on a vehicle that is in a position to measure, by means of own equipment, different data which is important for the road safety on roads and runways for aircrafts. The device is among other factors equipped with a measuring cell from which it is possible to directly read the pressure that exerts against the wheel when it impinges on the roadway. It is further possible to read the velocity of the wheel, and the acceleration/retardation.

Abstract: A gas detector having a sample flow path assembly capable of providing a sample air flow rate to a sensing device in excess of about 300 SCCM. The sample flow path assembly also provides the gas detector with a short signal path between the sensing device and a printed circuit board, an efficient sample path, and ready access to and easy replacement of the sensing device as well as easy replacement of the probe, making the gas detector generally more reliable and cost effective. The sample path assembly requires a simple method of construction and sensing device replacement thereby reducing the difficulty and the time required for manufacturing the sample flow path assembly and, ultimately, reducing the cost of manufacturing the leak detector.

Abstract: An exhaust gas measurement system is provided that includes a probe to find a sample exhaust gas passageway for collecting exhaust gas. A stainless steel canister is fluidly connected to the probe for storing the exhaust gas. A pump fluidly interconnects the probe and the canister for transferring the exhaust gas from the probe to the canister. A pressure mass flow controller fluidly interconnects the probe and the canister and produces an exhaust gas flow measurement corresponding to the flow of the exhaust gas from the probe to the canister. A temperature sensor senses a temperature of the exhaust gas proximate to the pressure mass flow controller. The temperature sensor corrects the exhaust gas flow measurement based upon the temperature sensed. A pressure sensor senses a pressure of the exhaust gas proximate to the pressure mass flow controller. The temperature sensor corrects the exhaust gas flow measurement based upon the pressure sensed.

Abstract: A catalytic bead sensor or a semiconductor sensor is operated in a manner in which the power requirement is greatly reduced. The reduction in power is accomplished by operating the sensor at a temperature less than the desired operating temperature in the absence of a combustible gas and increasing to the desired operating temperature when the sensor is exposed to a combustible gas.

Abstract: The invention includes a particle detection system that detects bioparticles in a sample utilizing a sensor device that receives photoacoustic signals from a sample. The invention includes a system for distinguishing biologically active particles from non-biologically active particles in a sample utilizing a transducer to receive a laser induced photoacoustic signal from the sample and a fluorescence detector to receive laser induced fluorescence. The invention includes a method of screening a sample for the presence of one or more particle types by subjecting a sample to laser light and measuring at least one photonic response and at least one acoustic response are measured from the sample to produce a sample composite data set which is compared to a signature data set from a control sample. The invention also includes methods for detecting a change in the particle composition within a test area.

Abstract: The invention concerns a test stand for elements of an internal combustion engine cylinder head comprising at least a combustion or pressure chamber (29), means supplying (10) a hydraulic fluid into the combustion or pressure chamber, and means controlling said fluid pressure so as to simulate pressure cycles in the combustion or pressure chamber. The control means comprise at least a high pressure source (6) of hydraulic fluid, at least one solenoid valve (7) per combustion or pressure chamber to supply said combustion or pressure chamber with hydraulic fluid from the high pressure source, at least a pressure sensor (8) for measuring the pressure in each combustion or pressure chamber, and control means (9) for controlling each solenoid valve on the basis of the pressure measured in said combustion or pressure chamber and a setpoint pressure.

Abstract: A throttle-opening sensor has a detect shaft rotatable about an axis in conjunction with a throttle grip, a pair of rotation terminals respectively disposed on different positions in the same circle with the rotation axis, the pair of rotation terminals being rotatable together with the detect shaft, contact pieces disposed on each of the rotation terminals at predetermined intervals in a rotation-radius direction of the rotation terminal, a printed circuit including conducting pattern portions printed along sliding loci of the contact pieces and, a resistance portion printed in a sliding range of the contact piece of the conducting pattern portion, and generating a resistance against a current flowing in the conducting pattern portion, wherein at least two detection signals variable in mutually opposite directions according to the rotation angles of the throttle grip are generated due to that the contact pieces respectively allow the conducting pattern portions to conduct therebetween.

Abstract: A device for determining a parameter of a medium flowing in a line, according to the related art, does not offer sufficient protection for a measuring element from liquid or solid particles which may dirty or damage the measuring element in an unwanted way.

Abstract: A testing assembly calculates stress levels along a cross section of a pneumatic tire having tire beads, sidewalls, and the tread. The testing assembly includes a base defining a base surface. A plurality of mounts are slidably secured to the base surface. Each of the tire beads are secured to each of the plurality of mounts. The tire beads are mounted thereto in a manner to simulate the mounting of a tire to a rim of a wheel. The testing assembly also includes a platform that extends parallel to the base surface. The platform is engagable with the tread of the tire and is movable with respect to the base. The movement of the platform simulates the tire under a load by deforming the tire. The method for using the testing assembly includes taking measurements of the cross section of the tire in an un-deflected state. Once taken, the platform is slid to render the cross section of the tire deflected.

Abstract: A system for determining the state of shear deformation of a crown portion of a tyre (1) during the running of a motor vehicle (7) comprises at least one sensor (11; 111; 211) and processing means (15) operatively associated with said sensor; the system further comprises at least one magnetic field generator (10; 110; 210) applied to the tyre (1); said sensor (11; 111; 211) is capable of detecting magnetic induction and is associated with said generator (10; 110; 210) to supply a signal indicating the electrical potential difference which is generated within said sensor in the presence of the magnetic field; this signal represents the variation with time of the shear deformation of the crown portion of the tyre (1).

Abstract: A moisture detection system includes an electrical conductor disposed on a surface of a substrate. The electrical conductor has a resonant frequency that varies as a function of an amount of moisture present adjacent the electrical conductor. An oscillator outputs an oscillator signal at a predetermined amplitude and a predetermined frequency. A resonator circuit is coupled to the electrical conductor and is responsive to the oscillator signal and the resonant frequency of the electrical conductor for outputting a resonator signal having an amplitude related to the resonant frequency of the electrical conductor. A filter circuit rectifies and filters the resonator signal and provides it to an analog-to-digital converter which outputs a digital signal related to the rectified and filtered resonator signal. A controller is responsive to the digital signal for causing a system associated with the substrate to operate in accordance with the digital signal.

Abstract: In a sensor chip according to the existing art, contaminants in the medium flowing past the sensor chip result in deposits in the sensor region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for determining and/or monitoring the level of a filling material in a container. According to the invention, an oscillatable unit (2) is provided which is fastened to a membrane (5), whereby said oscillatable unit (2) is mounted at the height of the predetermined level. An emitting-receiving unit (6) is provided which, with a given emit frequency, causes the membrane (5) and the oscillatable unit (2) to oscillate, and which receives the oscillations of the oscillatable unit (2). A control/evaluation unit (10) is provided, which identifies once the predetermined level is obtained upon a given change in frequency or which, with the aid of the oscillation frequency of the oscillatable unit (2), determines the density of the filling material.

Abstract: An in-tank fuel level sender (26) for signaling the level of liquid fuel in a motor vehicle fuel tank (22). An enclosure (31) forming a hub of the sender provides an interior that is sealed against intrusion of fuel. An actuator (110, 122) is positionable on an exterior of the enclosure in correlation with liquid fuel level. A movement (52) within the interior of the enclosure follows the positioning of the actuator. An electric circuit element (62; 86) within the interior of the enclosure is operated by the movement to provide an electric characteristic for transmission through the enclosure to signal the liquid fuel level.

Abstract: Static and/or dynamic balancing of a CT gantry is provided by electronically positionable masses incorporated into the gantry structure that may be moved to nullify gantry imbalances caused by variation in components specifications or replacement of components on a balanced gantry.

Abstract: A gyroscope which comprises: a driving fixed electrode (26) being fixed; a driving displacement electrode (24) being opposite to the driving fixed electrode, and being able to be displaced in a first direction; an inertial mass (23) being connected to the driving displacement electrode (24), being displaced in the first direction according to the first directional displacement of the driving displacement electrode (24), and being displaced in a second direction when an angular rate is applied; a sensing displacement electrode (22) being connected to the inertial mass (23), and being able to be displaced in the second direction according to the second directional displacement of the inertial mass (23); and a sensing fixed electrode (25) being opposite to the sensing displacement electrode and being fixed.

Abstract: Quadrature error occurs in Corolis based vibrating rate sensors because of manufacturing flaws that permit the sensing element to oscillate either linearly along or angularly about an axis that is not orthogonal to the output axis. This creates an oscillation along or about the output axis that is a component of the sensing element's vibration acceleration. This output axis oscillation is in phase with the driven acceleration of the sensing element and is called quadrature error since it is ninety degrees out of phase with the angular rate induced Coriolis acceleration. Rather than applying forces that reorient the axis of the driven vibration to be orthogonal to the output axis to eliminate the output axis oscillation, the present invention applies sinusoidal forces to the sensing element by means of a quadrature servo to cancel the output oscillation.

Abstract: A balanced angular accelerometer is provided having a substrate, a fixed electrode with a plurality of fixed capacitive plates, and a rotational inertia mass with a central opening and substantially suspended over a cavity and including a plurality of movable capacitive plates arranged to provide a capacitive coupling with the first plurality of fixed capacitive plates. The accelerometer has a central member and an outer member fixed to the substrate. According to one embodiment, a plurality of inner support arms extend between the central member and the inertia mass and a plurality of outer support arms extend between the inertia mass and the outer member to support the mass over the cavity. According to another embodiment, one or more cut out apertures are formed in the inertia mass to compensate for a channel and signal line so as to balance the inertia mass about the center of the inertia mass.

Abstract: A balanced angular accelerometer is provided having a substrate, a fixed electrode with a plurality of fixed capacitive plates, and a rotational inertia mass with a central opening and substantially suspended over a cavity and including a plurality of movable capacitive plates arranged to provide a capacitive coupling with the first plurality of fixed capacitive plates. The accelerometer has a central member and an outer member fixed to the substrate. According to one embodiment, a plurality of inner support arms extend between the central member and the inertia mass and a plurality of outer support arms extend between the inertia mass and the outer member to support the mass over the cavity. According to another embodiment, one or more cut out apertures are formed in the inertia mass to compensate for a channel and signal line so as to balance the inertia mass about the center of the inertia mass.

Abstract: A sensor chip connected to a signal processing IC is provided on a die pad, a stationary electrode and a movable electrode are arranged on a semiconductor substrate of the sensor chip, the stationary electrode and movable electrode are covered with a protective cap, a shield electrode layer is embedded in a top face part of a semiconductor substrate, and these elements are sealed with a sealing resin, thus, a potential of the movable electrode is obtained from an output potential of a capacity/voltage conversion circuit of a signal processing IC, and at least one of the shield electrode layer and protective cap is electrically connected to the movable electrode to thereby make identical to each other in potential.

Abstract: On measurement of a component Ay of the amplitude of the oscillations of the tip of a capillary which is clamped to a horn to which ultrasonics can be applied from an ultrasonic transducer, whereby measurement is based on the shading of a light beam by the capillary and whereby the intensity of the light beam is measured by means of an opto-receiver, the capillary is placed at one side of the light beam without it shading the light beam and ultrasonics is applied to it. The capillary is then moved in steps through the light beam whereby, for each of the i=1 to n steps, the direct voltage portion UDC(yi) and the alternating voltage portion UAC(yi) of the output signal of the opto-receiver are determined as well as a co-ordinate yi whereby the co-ordinate yi designates the position of the capillary in relation to a co-ordinate axis y running vertically to the light beam. The amplitude Ay is then calculated from the values measured.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing a fabrication machine for a semiconductor device, in which damage condition of components for fast driving can be recognized and failure of the components can be predicted, and the machine are provided. Vibration information of a drive member is sent from a motor controller for controlling a motor connected to the drive member to a machine controller. The vibration information is stored in an information storage in the machine controller and operated in an operational processor, and condition of the drive member according to the operation results is displayed on a display unit at any time. Therefore, when some failure occurs in the drive member, the specifics can be known with the display unit without need for connecting a special analyzer or PC to the fabrication machine for a semiconductor device. Consequently, the machine is capable for self-diagnosing, and thus trouble of the drive member can be prevented from happening.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer for generating horizontally polarized transverse waves. The transducer comprises a coil support (4) which is made of a material having good magnetic conductivity and which is provided with a comb-like structure having parallel running channels (5) and fins (6). A plurality of HF coils (1) which are electrically interconnected in series are wound on at least some of said fins 6 at some distance the faces of said fins (6) with adjacent coils (1) having an alternating direction of wind. In the channels (5) are arranged a plurality of rows (3) of permanent magnets (2) having alternating pole assignment.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to constitute a high-accuracy position control system even for a low-rigidity object to be controlled. To achieve this object, a vibration control apparatus includes a measurement device which measures the elastic vibration of an object to be controlled, a driving device which applies a force to the object, and a compensation device which determines a force to be generated by the driving device. The measurement device measures at least a position component out of the position, speed, and acceleration components of the elastic vibration. The compensation device controls the elastic vibration of the object on the basis of position information measured by the measurement device.

Abstract: The fiber optic pressure sensing system includes a sensor housing formed using MEMS processing. The sensor housing has ribs and grooves in both horizontal and vertical directions relative to the surface to allow the membrane to flex in a consistent manner. The flexing of the membrane allows the pedestal to be repeatedly positioned in response to pressure acting on the extension of the sensor head and membrane.

Abstract: A lateral force-measuring device and a vehicle inspecting system could be provided.

Abstract: A test fixture and method for mechanical testing of production samples of semiconductor chips that have been packaged and mounted on a printed circuit board. The sample is isolated and attached to a loading arm using an adhesive. The test fixture includes at least four plates disposed in a spaced-apart relationship along a testing axis. At least six rods are used to maintain this alignment. A first rod set of at least three rods is fixed in a first direction along the testing axis. The first rod set extends parallel to the testing axis through openings formed in a second plate to the third plate, to which the first rod set is fixed in at least a second direction along the testing axis, the second direction being opposite to the first direction. Similarly, a second set of at least three rods are fixed in the first direction to a second plate, extend along the testing axis through openings formed in the third plate, and are fixed in a second direction to the fourth plate.

Abstract: A method for determining the NOx mass flow at the input of an NOx storage catalytic converter in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine from operating parameters of the internal combustion engine is introduced, characterized in that the intake air temperature and the engine oil temperature are considered in the determination.

Abstract: An insert for a measuring tube of an inductive flowmeter is disclosed, having a middle section and two end sections, in which at least one end section is of resilient construction and the middle section is of rigid construction.

Abstract: The preferred embodiment uses a chamber which is sized no larger than necessary to hold the particular type, size and shape of the baggage or cargo or containers being examined. This chamber has doors or openings sufficient to allow the easy entry and exit of objects being examined. These doors or openings are easily and quickly moved back and forth, making and breaking a vacuum seal which will withstand internal depressurization to the equivalent of an altitude of 12,000 feet above sea level. For the examination of individuals and items not in the container, a flexible tube is attached to vacuum pump. This flexible tube has a short stiff pipe on the end which is used to probe into areas to collect vapors which are then examined by the detector. The tube from the chamber feeds the air collected in the chamber to the vacuum pump which passes the collected air to the detector.

Abstract: A sampling apparatus is characterized by a sampler for obtaining samples of a dry product from a vessel. The sampler has a bore with a forward opening in communication with the product in the vessel. A plunger of the sampler has an annular recess intermediate its ends, and is manually extended forward in the bore to project the recess through the bore forward opening and into the vessel to receive a product sample in the recess. The plunger is then manually retracted rearward from the vessel to convey the product sample in its recess to a sample collection point in the sampler bore. When the plunger recess is at the sample collection point, a length of open bore exists between the front of the plunger and the bore forward opening. So that product from the vessel does not enter the bore opening and accumulate in and block the bore in front of the plunger, after collection of the sample, the plunger is manually extended forward to a parked position.

Abstract: The sampling pipette comprises a body (2) and an arm movable relative to the body to eject a cone (9) fixed to the pipette, ejection taking place in a longitudinal direction (10) of the pipette, the arm having both a first portion (16, 18, 20) suitable for coming into contact with the cone, and a second portion (14). The two portions are engaged one in the other and, starting from an operating position, they enable the first portion to be separated from the body (2) by means of an initial movement in a direction that is essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (10).

Abstract: The invention concerns a pipette comprising a body, an arm (20) mobile relative to the body along a longitudinal direction (10) to eject a tip fixed to the body and a push button (14) controlling the movement of the arm. The pipette is designed such that the push button (14) is mobile relative to the body (2) in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (10) by being able to take up any one particular position in a continuous range of positions in said plane and enabling to control the movement of the arm in said any particular position.

Abstract: A gas detector having a sample flow path assembly capable of providing a sample air flow rate to a sensing device in excess of about 300 SCCM. The sample flow path assembly also provides the gas detector with a short signal path between the sensing device and a printed circuit board, an efficient sample path, and ready access to and easy replacement of the sensing device as well as easy replacement of the probe, making the gas detector generally more reliable and cost effective. The sample path assembly requires a simple method of construction and sensing device replacement thereby reducing the difficulty and the time required for manufacturing the sample flow path assembly and, ultimately, reducing the cost of manufacturing the leak detector.

Abstract: An automatic wafer backside inspection may automatically inspect a backside of a semiconductor wafer to look for contamination, cracks, scratches and the like. An inspection apparatus may comprise a wafer cassette with slots to hold a plurality of wafers. A wafer transfer arm may be located near the wafer cassette. A wafer flip/aligner may be operable to flip and align wafers. A wafer inspecting unit may be located adjacent the wafer flip/aligner and be operable to inspect the backside of wafers flipped by the flipper aligner. A wafer buffer stage may be located between the wafer cassette and the wafer flip/aligner for temporarily holding a wafer. The wafer transfer arm may transfer wafers to/from or amongst at least two of the wafer cassette, the wafer flip/aligner, the wafer inspection unit and the wafer buffer stage.

Abstract: A throttle-opening detecting apparatus has a case mounted on a handle bar of a vehicle, a throttle grip mounted on a leading end side of the handle bar so as to be rotatable with respect to the handle bar, a throttle-opening sensor incorporated in the case for detecting a rotation angle of the throttle grip and, a friction plate applying a frictional force in an opposite direction with respect to the rotation of the throttle grip to the throttle grip while the throttle grip is rotated so as to provide a throttle-opening detecting apparatus which not only can omit the throttle wire but also can obtain the rotation load of the throttle grip similar to the conventional throttle-opening detecting apparatus to thereby permit execution of the operation of the throttle grip without giving the driver a strange feeling.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement, in particular for the parallel testing of a plurality of building blocks of a material library for performance characteristics, in which the arrangement has a block containing at least one reaction module and at least two heating/cooling modules.

Abstract: Rapid and efficient production and examination of formulations for polyurethane foams using only small amounts of materials are achieved by allowing the foam-forming mixture to foam in a container, preparing disks from sections of the container in which the foam is present and removing a plurality of cylindrical samples having substantially the same density from the disk.

Abstract: A gyro torque converter includes an input shaft and an output shaft. The input shaft is fixedly connected to rotate a first drive member. A gimbal is supported by the input shaft. A second drive member is driven by the first drive member. A first shaft is driven by the second drive member. A drive unit is mounted on the first shaft. A second shaft extends from the drive unit. A plurality of gyro members are rotatably mounted on the second shaft.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a shaft and a device containing such a shaft (22), in particular an armature shaft (22) of an electric motor drive (10), which shaft is held by at least one shaft bearing (43). It is proposed that a bearing surface (40) for guidance in a shaft bearing (42) be formed onto the shaft (22) at at least one point by means of positive displacement of material.

Abstract: A transmission shift position sensor that is adapted to provide an indication of the position of a transmission shift lever. The transmission shift position sensor includes a rotary position sensor and a rooster comb formed as an assembly. The direct coupling of the sensor to the rooster comb provides a positive indication of the automatic transmission shift sensor without the need for compensating for tolerances in mechanical linkages.

Abstract: A robot drive assembly for moving a working tool in x, y, z and theta directions comprising three independent, coaxially nested tubes, each tube being driven around a common central axis by drive belts attached to separate drive motors located in a mounting flange associated with the outermost tube. The motors, and the tubes which they drive, provide horizontal rotary motion to a robot arm attached to the upper end of the outer tube and the wrist and elbow of that arm. A fourth motor controls vertical motion of the whole assembly. The robot system also includes motor position adjustment structure and belt tension structure designed for ease of use and to eliminate movement of tensioned components once locked in position.

Abstract: A steering shaft coupling for an automotive vehicle includes first and second shaft sections which are both serrated and which may be telescopically engaged. The shaft sections are locked together with an elastically deformable locking ring which is positioned within internal and external grooves formed on the shaft sections. The shaft sections are resiliently biased so as to resist unwanted vibration while in use in a vehicle by means of an elastomeric load and seal ring positioned between the assembled shaft sections.

Abstract: A crank rod used in converting reciprocal movement into rotation, more particularly to an eccentric crank rod for overcoming problems due to failure in conversion of a linearly applied force into a rotation output force at the highest position and the lowest position on a vertical line when the rod is used in converting reciprocal movement into rotation as in a connecting rod of an internal combustion engine or an external combustion engine, or as in a geared crank rod of a bicycle. The crank rod is formed by a biased ex tension (3), a main length portion (5) and an intermediate transition (4) unitarily connecting the biased extension (3) to the main length portion (5). A force-applying portion (6) is formed at an off-centered position nearby an end of the main length portion (5) Both the force-applying portion (6) and the end of the main length portion (5) usually stop at a position across a vertical line L through the center of a crank pin.

Abstract: A bicycle pedal assembly has a cleat releasably coupled to a pedal by a cleat engagement mechanism formed on an upper surface of its pedal body. The pedal body has a front end configured and arranged to include a sole guide portion that assists the rider in rotating the pedal body about its pedal shaft. In one embodiment, the sole guide portion is formed by a first concaved sole receiving recess located in a tip surface of the pedal body and a second concaved sole receiving recess located on the upper surface of the pedal body adjacent to the tip surface. Alternatively, the concaved sole receiving recesses can be replaced with either a pair of laterally spaced projections located on at the front end of the pedal body, or a V-shaped tip surface.

Abstract: In a principal section of the flexible external gear of a wave gear drive, a position away from the major axis of an elliptically shaped neutral line of the rim of the flexible external gear is defined as the center position of the teeth meshing, and &thgr; is the angle of inclination of the tangent of that position with a point along the neutral line of the rim. The amount of flexing w of the principal section is defined according to the angle of inclination &thgr;, the number of teeth zF of the flexible external gear, the number of teeth zC of the rigid internal gear, radius ro of the pitch circle of the flexible external gear, and the radius rn of the neutral curve of the rim prior to deformation.

Abstract: A process for separating and recovering a desired metal as metal oxide from raw material is provided. The process includes placing the raw material and a reductant in a container to form a reducing microclimate within the container. A housing having an oxidizing atmosphere is heated to maintain a temperature zone within the housing at a heating temperature sufficient to expose the raw material in the container to a reaction temperature. The container containing the raw material is conveyed through the temperature zone in the housing to expose the raw material and the reductant to the reaction temperature wherein the metal oxide is reduced to a gaseous metal that exits the container. Once outside the container, the gaseous metal is exposed to the oxidizing atmosphere of the temperature zone wherein the desired metal is oxidized to metal oxide and the metal oxide is collected. In preferred embodiments, the raw material is EAF dust and the desired metal is zinc.