Abstract: A foldable shipping shelf comprises: a loading part, two supporting parts, continuous hinges, and at least two first and second limiting parts. Each supporting part is connected to the loading part through at least one continuous hinge, and the two supporting parts are respectively connected to two opposite sides of the loading part. The first limiting parts are respectively fixed to the supporting parts at a place near to the loading part and keep the loading part in position. The second limiting parts are respectively fixed to the loading part at a place near to the supporting parts and keep the supporting parts in position. The two supporting parts rotate through the continuous hinges, and the first and second limiting parts limit a range for rotating the two supporting parts.

Abstract: A pivotable folding utility table includes a table top having a pair of support pedestals pivotally attached thereto. A first pivotal support brace including a distal end and a proximal end attached to the first support pedestal. A second pivotal support brace including a distal end and a proximal end attached to the second support pedestal. The distal ends of the first and second pivotal support braces pivotally attached to a retaining assembly preferably mounted in relation to the table top. Specifically, the retaining assembly includes a cross-brace member operably disposed through openings formed in the distal ends of the first and second pivotal support braces, thus providing a pivotal engagement in relation to the table top.

Abstract: A gasification system for producing useful energy from a source of biomass material includes a gasifier for partially combusting biomass material into gaseous fuel, a contained fuel preparation site for preparing biomass material to be delivered to the gasifier, a boiler for combusting gaseous fuel from the gasifier to produce useful energy, and an air delivery system for directing combustion air to at least one of the gasifier and the boiler from the contained fuel preparation site. This arrangement recovers energy normally lost to atmosphere in the form of exhaust from biomass drying facilities. Drawing combustion air from the contained fuel preparation site also permits the fuel preparation site to be maintained at a negative pressure in relation to atmosphere, therefore any odour that is produced from the preparation of the biomass at the site is contained within the closed air delivery system and used for primary combustion at the gasifier or at the boiler.

Abstract: A fertilizer knife for use in applying anhydrous ammonia comprising a leading edge having a flat face. A projecting shoe attached to the leading edge that is flat to minimize packing of soil against furrow sidewalls. A fertilizer delivery tube disposed on a back edge of the knife having a bend portion adjacent the bottom surface of the projecting shoe leading to a fertilizer release hole under the bottom surface of the knife.

Abstract: An apparatus for use with a planting assembly including a mounting member and comprising a hopper including first and second wall members that form first and second hopper external surfaces wherein first and second forces applied perpendicular to the first and second surfaces include at least components along first and second opposing trajectories, respectively, a first elongated bearing member rigidly linked to the mounting member and forming a first bearing surface that applies a first applied force to the first hopper surface wherein the first applied force includes at least a first compressing component along the first trajectory, a second elongated bearing member forming a second bearing surface and having a first end and a retainer linked to the first end of the second bearing member and rigidly linking the second bearing member to the mounting member in any of several different positions relative to the first bearing member so that the second bearing surface applies a second applied force to the second

Abstract: A particulate distribution apparatus for receiving seed or other particulate from a pneumatic source and temporarily storing the seed for subsequent use by a metering device where the particulate is characterized by a particulate size, the apparatus comprising a housing including walls that form a cavity, a hopper inlet linkable to the duct outlet and a hopper outlet linkable to the metering device inlet, at least one of the housing walls forming vent apertures that are generally smaller than the particulate size.

Abstract: A particulate distribution system for transporting seed or other particulate from a source into a plurality of metering bins, the system including a forced air source, a converter for splitting air form the source into separate flows in converter outlet lines, venturis for receiving the air flows and entraining particulate from a main hopper therein and a manifold delivery system that directs the entrained particulates to mini-hoppers and that opens at an outlet end back into the main hopper.

Abstract: A planter apparatus includes a seed meter including a housing assembly with a cover releasably connected to a shell. The housing assembly includes at least one opening formed therein adjacent a seed discharge area to promote the release of seeds from a disc rotatably attached to the housing assembly. The disc divides an interior of the housing assembly to include a vacuum chamber and a seed chamber. The disc including a plurality of openings formed adjacent a periphery of the disc. The planter apparatus may also include a singulator assembly having rotatably spools, a rotatable chute door, a disc having clusters of openings for simultaneous release, and a one-piece baffle.

Abstract: A planter apparatus includes a seed meter including a housing assembly with a cover releasably connected to a shell. The housing assembly includes at least one opening formed therein adjacent a seed discharge area to promote the release of seeds from a disc rotatably attached to the housing assembly. The disc divides an interior of the housing assembly to include a vacuum chamber and a seed chamber. The disc including a plurality of openings formed adjacent a periphery of the disc. The planter apparatus may also include a singulator assembly having rotatably spools, a rotatable chute door, a disc having clusters of openings for simultaneous release, and a one-piece baffle.

Abstract: A particulate distribution system for transporting seed or other particulate from a source into a plurality of metering bins, the system including a manifold duct that begins and ends at the source and an air delivery system mounted to the duct to transport particulate there through and a plurality of particulate flow diverting structures that extend from the manifold into each metering bin, whereby each metering bin is filled in accordance with the flow of air available thereto.

Abstract: A head control device and its control method for a multi-head embroidery machine having a plurality of heads are disclosed. The present invention provides a head control device and its control method for a multi-head embroidery machine having a plurality of heads. The head control device comprises a central control unit controlling a whole system, the central control unit outputs a control signal for controlling a drive state of the respective head in response to an operation of an operator, so that the plurality of heads are selectively driven, and a embroidery task is performed by the selected head; and at least one head control unit for controlling the drive state of the respective head in response to the control signal from the central control unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for controlling feed quantity and direction in a sewing machine, in which feed quantity and direction of a workpiece is controlled by a motor, thereby not only allowing various patterns to be produced by stitches made up of upper and lower threads, but also allowing a speedy sewing operation. The apparatus comprises an operator interface means for inputting the feed quantity and direction of a workpiece according to an operator's plan, a motor driving control means for outputting a motor driving control signal according to feed information on the feed quantity and direction of the workpiece inputted through the operator interface means, and a workpiece feed control means for controlling rotation direction and speed of the motor according to the motor driving control signal from the motor driving control means.

Abstract: A device for securing a rope or cable that may be easily mounted to an object or supporting structure. The device includes a base having a socket for receiving a plunger. A coil spring is located at the bottom of the socket and exerts an upward bias against the bottom of the plunger. Both the upper portion of the base and the plunger have circular apertures that may be selectively vertically aligned by depressing the plunger to permit horizontal passage of a rope through the aligned apertures. By releasing the plunger, a shearing force is applied to the rope due to the misalignment of the apertures, thereby frictionally securing the rope or cable within the device. A foot operated mechanism may be employed to assist the user in depressing the plunger. The plunger may also be selectively and/or releasably locked in a depressed position to maintain alignment of the apertures, facilitating insertion of the rope without the need for maintaining a downward force on the plunger.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vehicle door lock indicator device which is arranged to be moved between at least a first position and a second position. Said vehicle door lock indicator device includes an actuator, substantially made of shape memory alloy (SMA). The actuator is arranged for effecting the movement of the vehicle door lock indicator device between at least a first position and a second position. The invention also relates to a vehicle and a vehicle door system having a vehicle door lock indicator device as described above.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to efficiently provide a high-quality rare-earth iron garnet single crystal. The invention relates to a rare-earth iron garnet single crystal substantially composed of an Re3Fe5-xMxO12 single crystal (where Re is at least one element selected from Y, Bi, Ca, and lanthanide rare-earth elements with atomic numbers of 62 to 71; M is at least one element selected from Al, Ga, Sc, In, Sn and transition metal elements with atomic numbers of 22 to 30; and 0≦x<5), with the number per unit surface area (grains/cm2) of crystal grains that form low-angle tilt boundaries equal to 0≦n≦102; and also relates to a device in which this rare-earth iron garnet single crystal is used.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a solar cell comprising forming the solar cell from a CZ silicon single crystal wafer, wherein a CZ silicon single crystal wafer having an initial interstitial oxygen concentration of 15 ppma or less is used as the CZ silicon single crystal wafer; a solar cell produced from a CZ silicon single crystal wafer, wherein the CZ silicon single crystal wafer has an interstitial oxygen concentration of 15 ppma or less; and a solar cell produced from a CZ silicon single crystal wafer, wherein the CZ silicon single crystal wafer has a BMD density of 5×108/cm3 or less. Thus, there can be obtained a solar cell showing little fluctuation of characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for depositing especially, crystalline layers onto especially, crystalline substrates. At least two process gases are led into a process chamber of a reactor separately from each other, through a gas inlet mechanism above a heated susceptor. The first process gas flows through a central line with a central outlet opening and the second process gas flows through a line which is peripheral thereto and which has a peripheral outlet opening that is formed by a gas-permeable gas outlet ring. Said gas outlet ring surrounds a ring-shaped pre-chamber.

Abstract: A coating equipment managing system for controlling and monitoring a coating equipment of an automobile manufacturing line, comprising local installations which are provided in the manufacturing lines at a plurality of localities, and a central installation for receiving data from the plurality of local installations, wherein the local installation comprises a sensor installed in the coating equipment, a data acquisition unit for receiving signals from the sensor, a control unit for controlling the coating equipment, and a local communication unit; the central installation comprises a server unit and a central analysis unit; the local communication unit transmits the data from the data acquisition unit to the server unit by E-mail; the server unit transmits correction data for the coating equipment obtained from the analysis of the measured data by the central analysis unit to the local communication unit by E-mail; and the local communication unit converts the correction data into a control code and transmit

Abstract: A powder coating control system comprising a plurality of gun controls associated with a like plurality of powder spray guns. Each of the gun controls stores a plurality of presets spray parameters. Each of the gun controls responds to part identification signals and part position signals to select in real time one of the stored presets of spray parameters and trigger its respective powder spray gun ON and OFF to apply a powder coating to the moving part in accordance with the selected set of spray parameters. The control system further permits a gun purge cycle to be programmed either before or after the powder coating process is executed. The control system automatically initializes and brings each of the gun controls to an operable state on-line with the system control.

Abstract: To lower the electrical resistance of a p-type semiconductor or the operation voltage of a light-emitting/light-receiving semiconductor device. An ion-plasma-type electron-beam irradiation apparatus 100 generates wide-area-radiation electron beams. The thus-generated electron beams are radiated to the outside through a thin metallic plate 108 formed on the outer surface of a beam extraction window 107. A p-type semiconductor is disposed below the beam extraction window 107 such that the p-type semiconductor is disposed about 20 mm away from the electron extraction window so as to be almost parallel to the metallic plate 108. When the surface of the p-type semiconductor is irradiated with electron beams by use of this apparatus, the electrical resistance of the p-type semiconductor can be effectively lowered within a short period of time; i.e., within about three minutes, which is considerably shorter than the time required in the case where a conventional electron-beam irradiation apparatus is employed.

Abstract: A deposition ring which has a cut out on its interior circumferential edge. The deposition ring is configured to contact an edge of an electrostatic chuck and shield at least a portion of the electrostatic chuck during a deposition process wherein material is deposited onto an item, such as a semiconductor wafer, which is disposed on the electrostatic chuck. The interior circumferential edge of the deposition ring includes a surface portion which is configured to engage the edge of the electrostatic chuck, and includes the cut out portion which is configured to be spaced away and not contact the edge of the electrostatic chuck during the deposition process. As such, the deposition ring does not tend to bind with the electrostatic chuck during the deposition process.

Abstract: An aquatic habitat made up of thin walled, symmetrically spaced plastic tubes vertically projecting from a thick walled base. The length of the tubes are pre-determined by the size of the base. Weep holes at the bottom of the tubes and between the tubes allow air to escape during installation into the marine environment. The vertical tubes, by design, act as a rudder to right the structure during its descent to the marine floor, thus allowing the installer to install the structure from above the waters surface.

Abstract: A device for example for the harvesting of farmed bivalves (6) in water (4), the bivalves (6) being attached to and growing on a bivalve net (10) in the water (4). According to the invention, the device, a bivalve harvester (2), has a propulsion device arranged thereto, and is formed of a frame with for example at least one rotatable harvesting roller (90, 92), which is pressed and rotated against the bivalve net (10) and the bivalves (6) during the harvesting of the bivalves (6), so that the bivalves (6) are thereby scraped or milled loose from the bivalve net (10), after which the bivalves (6) are collected and sucked into a catching device enclosing the harvesting roller(s) (90, 92). The bivalves (6) and bivalve bunches (8) are then pumped by means of a pumping device in a downstream direction into a pipe for further transport and collecting onto a vessel or a device placed in the vicinity of the bivalve harvester (2).

Abstract: A vest, preferably made of breathable polymeric material, is securable to an animal such as a dog. Weight devices, such as elongate weight devices extending in a chest-circumferential direction of the animal, may be attached to the vest. The weight devices preferably are detachable from the vest. In place of or in addition to the weight devices, buoyancy enhancing devices and/or visibility enhancing devices, may be attachable to the vest in place of the elongate weight devices.

Abstract: A thermostatic valve for a coolant circuit of an internal combustion engine, with a housing through which the flow is capable of passing and which has a first throughflow orifice for connection to a first coolant line, a second throughflow orifice for connection to a second coolant line, and a third throughflow orifice for connection to a third coolant line, and with a closure member which is mounted in the housing and which can be adjusted by an actuating unit, the closure member having a first shut-off element for shutting off the first throughflow orifice and a second shut-off element, coupled to the first shut-off element, for shutting off the second throughflow orifice.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for cooling a motor vehicle engine, which consists in regulating the volume and the flow rate of a coolant fluid in a hydraulic circuit (2) provided with a degassing bypass hose (6) wherein is provided a degassing box (11). The invention is characterised in that the method comprises a step which consists in determining the temperature of the cooling liquid, a step which consists in comparing the temperature of the cooling liquid with a first threshold temperature, and a step which consists in regulating the fluid circulation in the degassing bypass hose (6) such that, when the fluid temperature is higher than the first threshold, the amount of fluid circulating in the bypass hose (6) is greater than the amount circulating in that same bypass hose (6) when the fluid temperature is lower than the first threshold temperature. The invention also concerns a device for cooling a motor vehicle engine.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling an engine is provided. The engine includes first and second pressure responsive devices varying compression ratios in first and second engine cylinders, respectively. The method includes commanding the first and second devices to decrease compression ratios in the first and second cylinders, respectively. The method further includes indicating when the first device has not decreased a compression ratio in the first cylinder. Finally, the method includes commanding the second device to increase a compression ratio in the second cylinder to reduce engine torque fluctuations.

Abstract: In a valve drive for an internal combustion engine, an elongated securing device or anti-rotation bridge referred to as a mounting aid has receptacle spaces, arranged at intervals one behind the other, for receiving respective valve tappets. Each valve tappet can be displaced longitudinally in its receptacle space. The tappet is secured against rotation by two parallel planar keying faces formed on its outer surface which bear against corresponding inner surfaces in a receptacle space of the mounting aid. The mounting aid has receptacle spaces with a relatively small interval dimension between the two inner surfaces for bearing against the keying faces of standard roller tappets and has receptacle spaces with a relatively large interval dimension between the two inner surfaces for bearing against the keying faces of switchable roller tappets.

Abstract: An electromagnetic valve actuator for providing an actuation force to open and close a valve. In one embodiment of the invention, the valve is an intake and/or exhaust valve associated with an internal combustion engine. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the valve actuator includes first and second electromagnets spaced apart and arranged generally opposite one another to define a tapered air gap therebetween. An actuator arm is operatively coupled to the valve and is pivotally displaceable within the air gap between a first operational position adjacent the first electromagnet and a second operational position adjacent the second electromagnetic. Selective activation of the electromagnets causes the actuator arm to pivot between the first and second operational positions to correspondingly open and close the valve.

Abstract: An electronic control unit for a two-cycle internal combustion engine including an exhaust control valve which adjusts exhaust timing, a valve controller which controls the exhaust control valve, and a reversal controller which controls reversing a rotational direction of the engine in accordance with an instruction for reversal. In order to raise the probability of a success in reversing the rotational direction of the engine by generating a stable combustion pressure during the reversal of the rotational direction, there is provided valve opening and closing operation inhibition means which inhibits an opening and closing operation of the exhaust control valve by fixing the exhaust control valve in a fully-closed position while the reversal controller is performing control to reverse the rotational direction of the engine.

Abstract: A valve control for adjusting a stroke of valves in motor vehicles has at least one adjusting shaft for moving a valve shaft of a valve via at least one transmitting chain. At least one hydraulic drive is provided and acts on the at least one adjusting shaft. The hydraulic drive provides a limited rotation to the at least one adjusting shaft about an axis of the at least one adjusting shaft.

Abstract: Upon transmission of a first torque from a first brake portion to a first eccentric shaft, the first eccentric shaft rotates in a retarding direction relative to a rotating member. This causes a first planetary gear to rotate in an advancing direction together with a first output shaft and a driven shaft. Upon transmission of a second torque from a second brake portion to a second eccentric shaft, the second eccentric shaft rotates in a retarding direction relative to the rotating member. This causes a second planetary gear to rotate in the advancing direction together with a second output shaft and the first eccentric shaft, relative to the rotating member, while maintaining rotation in the advancing direction relative to the second eccentric shaft and causes the first planetary gear to rotate in the retarding direction together with the first output shaft and the driven shaft relative to the rotating member.

Abstract: A variable valve timing device includes a rotation transmitting member rotated integrally with a rotation shaft of an engine, a rotor member disposed in the rotation transmitting member to be rotated relative to the rotation transmitting member and rotated integrally with an intake and exhaust valves controlling member, a fluid chamber defined between the rotor member and the rotation transmitting member, a vane radially equipped to one of the rotor member and the rotation transmitting member, and a covering member fixed to the rotation transmitting member for covering the fluid chamber. An axial edge surface of the biasing member discontinuously comes in contact with at least one of the rotor member and the covering member.

Abstract: In an OHV engine in which a pair of cylinder blocks is connected to the crankcase and power from a cam is transmitted to a rocker arm pivotably supported by the cylinder heads via connecting rods, to enable downsizing of the engine while reducing the number of components and the number of assembling steps. A part of the connecting rods out of the respective connecting rods are respectively stored in a rod storage chamber provided in both cylinder heads, both cylinder blocks and a crankcase between the cylinder axes of the adjacent cylinder bores in the respective cylinder blocks. The remaining connecting rod disposed outwardly of the cylinder axes of the outermost cylinder bores laid along the axis of the crankshaft is stored in part in a pipe member disposed at the position away from the outer walls of the cylinder blocks.

Abstract: The invention relates to a connection (42) between a shaft end (22) of a gas exchange valve (1) of an internal combustion engine and a sleevelike actuating piston (2) of a valve actuator (4), having at least two shell-like key pieces (44, 46), surrounding the shaft end (22) and on whose radially outer circumferential surface there is a conically tapering portion (50), pointing away from a combustion chamber of the engine, which portion extends in complementary fashion to the cone angle of a radially inner conical portion (60) of a conical fastening sleeve that includes the key pieces (44, 46), and the conical fastening sleeve and the key pieces (44, 46) can be braced axially against one another, and protrusions (70) and recesses (72) engaging one another are provided on the radially inner circumferential surface of the key pieces (44, 46) and on the radially outer circumferential surface of the shaft end (22) of the gas exchange valve (1).

Abstract: An intake manifold includes a permanent runner which provides airflow communication between a plenum volume and a plurality of engine cylinders. An active runner assembly retracts into and extends from the permanent runner assembly in response to a drive system which communicates with a controller to selectively change the length of the intake manifold assembly to optimize performance. The permanent runner assembly includes a plurality of fixed length passages and the active runner assembly includes a plurality of active runner passages. Each active runner passage telescopes in and out of a respective fixed length passage to vary the effective length between the plenum and the engine cylinder.

Abstract: A modified cylinder head for an internal combustion engine. The cylinder head includes an air inlet cavity that is divided into two channels.

Abstract: A thrust stopper for use in a cylinder head arrangement of an internal combustion engine to retain a camshaft in a desired orientation while prevent axial movement and clatter is disclosed.

Abstract: A crankpin 1 of a crankshaft rotatably supports a big end of a connecting rod 4 through a sliding bearing 5 fitted therein. The sectional profile of the crankpin 1 takes the form of a polygon whose profile is made of plural arcs of curvature. When the crankpin 1 rotates relative to the bearing 5, the wedge effect is generated to decrease the squeeze loss, a kind of the power loss. And, the oil film thickness between the crankpin 1 and the bearing 5 is secured to prevent the shear loss, another kind of the power loss, from increasing, whereby the power loss can be decreased in total.

Abstract: A device for and method of decarboning a combustion chamber and compression rings in an internal combustion engine. The device is a squid shaped container with a cylindrical body, a screw cap, and conduits depending from the body for transmitting cleaner to the combustion chambers on the engine. Once cleaner is transmitted to the combustion chambers, the engine is bumped to work the fluid into the compression rings using an automated system with a timer. When the engine is bumped, the device allows the cleaner to be vented to the device to avoid hydrolocking the engine. The device also contains the cleaner so that it is not splashed outside the engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a unit injector system for supplying the combustion chamber of a self-igniting internal combustion engine with fuel. The unit injector system has a high-pressure chamber that can be subjected to pressure via a pump piston. A storage piston is received inside a storage chamber and is acted upon via a compression spring disposed in a spring holder. A return flow throttle element, which delays the buildup of pressure in the storage chamber, is disposed between the high pressure chamber and the storage chamber of the storage piston.

Abstract: A compression release engine brake apparatus and method for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas recirculator that is connectable between the exhaust outlet and the intake manifold of the engine. The exhaust gas recirculator is operative during operation of the engine brake apparatus to recirculate at least a portion of exhaust gases from the exhaust outlet to the intake manifold to increase charging of the cylinders of the engine prior to the compression stroke. Preferably there is an exhaust restrictor downstream of the exhaust outlet. The engine preferably includes a turbocharger downstream of the exhaust outlet. The exhaust restrictor may be a restrictive turbocharger. Preferably there is an exhaust gas cooler connectable between the exhaust outlet and the intake manifold. This process optimizes engine brake performance and is an effective control for exhaust pressure and temperature and for turbocharger speed.

Abstract: A returning spring 7 of the electronic control throttle and a default spring 8 for securing an initial opening degree (default opening degree) of the throttle valve 3 have diameters different from each other, and both of the springs 7, 8 are held around a shaft of the throttle valve shaft 3 and arranged between a gear 43 attached to the throttle valve shaft 3 and a wall portion of the throttle body 100. A shaft supporting gap of the throttle valve shaft 3 is filled with an air leak preventing material, and a minimum opening degree on control purpose of the throttle valve is set to a value larger than an amount of overshoot of the throttle valve occurring when opening degree of the throttle valve is changed from a maximum opening degree on control purpose of the throttle valve to the minimum opening degree.

Abstract: An electronic throttle control system is described. The system includes a non-contacting sensor stator integrated into an electronic throttle body and is aligned to the sensor rotor attached to the shaft to properly set sensor air gap by assembly aids or by close fit to the throttle body. A motor and vehicle connector is electrically connected to the sensor stator but is allowed to be positioned separately from the sensor stator by means of a flexible interconnect.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus for use with an internal combustion engine to produce an electrical spark at a spark ignition device. The ignition apparatus includes triggering circuitry having a processor with stored timing data. The processor receives a signal indicative of the rotational position of the magnet and generates a triggering signal. The triggering circuitry switches between a first mode wherein the triggering signal occurs at a fixed time relative to top dead center and a second mode wherein the triggering signal occurs at a variable time relative to top dead center based on the stored timing data.

Abstract: This invention is an armature and an armature driving device in which the armature is rotated around its axis so as to inhibit uneven wear from occurring between the armature and a housing. That is, an armature which is slidably provided within a housing filled with fluid and which divides the inside of the housing into two fluid chambers is further provided with a communicating hole that enables the fluid to pass between the two fluid chambers. This communicating hole is formed such that the fluid passing through the communicating hole and out from the armature when the armature slides flows out at an angle to, and to the side of, a center axis of the armature.

Abstract: A fuel line cooling device and method of use including a bag with a pair of pockets separated by a fold line, a frozen material contained within the pockets, a waterproof material separating the frozen material from the bag and wherein the bag includes straps for securing it to itself while wrapped around a fuel line. The method of cooling a fuel line of a vehicle having the following steps (a) placing frozen material enclosed within a waterproof receptacle into a bag; (b) sealing the bag closed; (c) wrapping the bag containing the frozen material around the fuel line and securing it to itself; (d) permitting the bag to remain in contact with the fuel line for a length of time; and (e) removing the bag from the fuel line.

Abstract: The Warren cycle engine operates on the Warren Cycle, and is a two stroke, internal combustion, reciprocating, regenerated engine made up of a number of similar working units. Each working unit is comprised of cylinder 12 that is closed at one end by cylinder head 4 and contains power piston 18 that is connected to power output shaft 22. Movable wall 11 is provided to suck in the working fluid and push the exhaust out of cylinder 12. As the exhaust moves out of the engine, it gives up heat to regenerator 10. During the heating portion of the cycle movable wall 11 pushes the compressed air through regenerator 10 and recaptures the heat left by the exhaust gases. Movable wall 11 can move between power piston 18 and cylinder head 4, and means are provided to accomplish this movement at the appropriate times during the engine's operating cycle. Means are also provided for the introduction of fuel into cylinder 12 during the heating part of the cycle.

Abstract: A fuel injector for vaporizing a liquid fuel for use in an internal combustion engine. The fuel injector includes at least one capillary flow passage, the at least one capillary flow passage having an inlet end and an outlet end, a fluid control valve for placing the inlet end of the at least one capillary flow passage in fluid communication with the liquid fuel source and introducing the liquid fuel in a substantially liquid state, a heat source arranged along the at least one capillary flow passage, the heat source operable to heat the liquid fuel in the at least one capillary flow passage to a level sufficient to change at least a portion thereof from the liquid state to a vapor state and deliver a stream of substantially vaporized fuel from the outlet end of the at least one capillary flow passage and means for cleaning deposits formed during operation of the apparatus. The fuel injector is effective in reducing cold-start and warm-up emissions of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A fuel system for use in an internal combustion engine includes a plurality of fuel injectors, each injector including at least one capillary flow passage, the at least one capillary flow passage having an inlet end and an outlet end, a heat source arranged along the at least one capillary flow passage, the heat source operable to heat a liquid fuel in the at least one capillary flow passage to a level sufficient to convert at least a portion thereof from the liquid state to a vapor state, and a valve for metering fuel to the internal combustion engine, a controller to control the power supplied to the heat source of each of the plurality of fuel injectors to achieve a predetermined target temperature, a sensor for use in determining engine air flow and a sensor for measuring a value indicative of degree of engine warm-up of the internal combustion engine.