Abstract: Laminated hip and ridge asphalt shingle having a first, a second and a third layer laminated together by a lamination adhesive. The first layer is of two L-shaped configurations, each having a horizontal head portion and a vertical butt portion. The horizontal head portions are superimposed on each other, while the vertical butt portions are placed adjacent to each other and form a gap which allows bending of the first layer thereby preventing stress and breaking. The second layer overlaps the firs layer. The third layer only overlaps the head portion of the second layer. The top surface of the shingle is coated with mineral granules, while portions of the undersurface of the shingle are coated with a self-seal adhesive to secure the shingle to the hip or ridge of a roof.

Abstract: A ridge seal molding has a back section for nailing to a ridge beam, and a front section formed at an angle to the back section and having a shape in the direction of the length to substantially continuously contact adjacent tiles along a front edge. In various embodiments there are one or more reinforcing ribs in the general direction of the width of the molding. In some embodiments two or more nail positions are marked in the back section for use with roofs of a specific pitch range, UV resistant material to provide improved durability, a receptacle groove formed along the front edge and opening downward toward the tile, such that a sealing material may be placed in the groove prior to installing the ridge seal molding to a roof ridge, and panels simulating a concrete surface for a mudded-in look. A system is provided as well for dedicating ridge seals to specific pitch ranges.

Abstract: A fiber architecture in the form of an elongate beam having a hollow polygonal cross section with a plurality of substantially flat exterior sides and a corner between each pair of adjacent exterior sides. The cross section is substantially thicker adjacent each corner. The fiber architecture includes a first fabric layer extending around the beam, a layer of circumferential longitudinal rovings extending around the beam adjacent the outside of the first fabric layer, corner longitudinal rovings coterminous and integral with the outside of the circumferential rovings adjacent each corner, and a second fabric layer extending around the beam adjacent the outside of the corner rovings and adjacent the outside of the circumferential rovings not covered by corner rovings. The fabric architecture may be impregnated with resin to form a composite pole that may be used as a utility pole.

Abstract: A straddle bin for an office furniture system with walls comprised of modular partitions. The straddle bin provides two adjacent compartments extending through an office partition with one compartment open to a first side of the partition only and the other compartment open to a second side of the partition only, and with sliding doors on each side of the partition to close the compartment opening on that side and when open, to lie over a blind, closed rear end of the adjacent compartment. The straddle bin provides private compartments for users on both sides of the partition.

Abstract: A hollow pole having a flared lower end is matingly mounted in a base flange fitted over, and in facing contact with, the flared end portion of the pole and having a tubular wedge matingly fitted in the flared end of the pole so that the pole is bonded to the tubular wedge and the base flange solely by galling action. The assembly is effected by using relatively soft aluminum alloy from which the components are made but which is heat treated prior to assembly to increase hardness and tensile strength so that assembly of the pole, tubular wedge and base flange results in a galling action providing the sole bonding of the pole to the other parts.

Abstract: A deck construction including a plurality of supports for anchoring deck construction elements to a building site. The supports include a body (which may be an integrally molded concrete pier) having upper and lower portions. The upper portion includes at least one slot for seating a horizontally oriented construction member. The slot includes a center socket portion having four extended corners for seating the bottom end of a vertically oriented construction member. The slot and center socket are defined by connecting wall portions which may be integral to the body or may be of plastic or metal and suitable secured to the body. In some cases, two mutually perpendicular slots are provided.

Abstract: A two piece rail and insert system includes a rail that may be constructed of a pultruded fiber reinforced material. The rail may be configured to receive an insert which may be constructed of a vinyl material that is easier to cut than the pultruded fiber reinforced material. Therefore, openings can be more easily formed into the insert to make the system compatible with different configurations and spacings of balusters. The softer vinyl material used in the insert causes less damage to the cutting machinery thereby reducing the cost of the assembly. The vinyl insert may also reduce the amount of harmful dust produced while forming the openings.

Abstract: A reverse molded fiberboard panel; a wainscot kit comprising a plurality of differently sized reverse molded panels, and a planar finishing or spacer panel, adapted to completely cover any size wall between a wall base board and a wall chair rail; and a method of reverse molding a loose cellulosic mat, in a single pressing step, to provide one or more relatively high density, raised panels without requiring preliminary pressing, or other pre-shaping step, such as scalping. The reverse-molded panels are molded in a conventional, multi-opening fiberboard press, in a single pressing step process, while achieving excellent transfer of mold detail (embossing fidelity) without visually noticeable fiber fracture.

Abstract: A wood floor system comprises a plurality of parallel rows of floorboards laid end-to-end, and each of the floorboards includes a compression nub extending along a side surface thereof, adjacent the top surface. These compression nubs affirmatively engage an opposing side surface of an adjacent floorboard row, thereby sealing, or isolating, the top surface of the floor from the side surfaces of the floorboard rows. This uniformly distributes expansion and contraction forces throughout the floor, due to uniform spacing between the floorboard rows. The isolation of the upper floorboard surface from the side surface also prevents undesired downward migration or flow of liquid finishing solution, which can have serious adverse affects for a wood floor. The invention reduces the total volume of finishing solution necessary for finishing the floor, and it also reduces “overwood” during floor installation.

Abstract: A stress plate or seam plate for use in connection with securing membrane sheets to underlying roofing decking substructure comprises a circular disk having a central aperture for receiving a screw fastener. A plurality of concentric ribs are defined between the central aperture and the peripheral edge of the plate for providing reinforcing and bending or flexibility characteristics to the stress plate or seam plate, and in accordance with the principles and teachings of the present invention, a plurality of circumferentially spaced, downwardly extending projections having substantially V-shaped cross-sectional configurations are provided upon the underside of the seam or stress plate so as to engage the membrane sheets and retain the same at their desired locations upon the underlying roofing deck substructural assembly.

Abstract: An architectural construction assembly includes a plurality of construction units, each of which has opposite first and second surfaces and a plurality of side faces that are transverse to the first and second surfaces. At least one of the side faces of each of the construction units is formed with at least one protrusion which projects outwardly therefrom so as to be spaced apart from one of the side faces of one of the construction units which comes into contact with the protrusion.

Abstract: A bridging device for joint gaps (1) between building parts (2, 3), bridge parts in particular, with an expansion joint construction (4) bridging said joint gap (1), wherein said expansion joint construction (4) permits position changes of said building parts (2, 3) with respect to one another in given first limits, wherein a safety means (12, 15) is provided for, permitting a position change of said building parts (2, 3) with respect to one another within given second limits exceeding said first limits or lying below those, without a separation destroying the function of said bridging device occurring between said building parts (2, 3) and/or said expansion joint construction (4), wherein said safety means (12, 15) comprises at least two mutually firmly connected elements which upon exceeding of a defined threshold load are separated and movable with respect to one another in defined manner, and wherein one element is firmly arranged on one of said building parts (2, 3), whereas said other element is part of

Abstract: A downwardly opening upper channel member (10) is positioned above an upwardly opening lower channel member (12). A lower end portion of a stud (14) is received in the lower channel member (12). A clip (54) is received in an upper end portion of the stud bracket (10). The clip (54) has an upper portion that is connected to the upper channel member (10). It also has a lower portion that extends downwardly into an upper end portion of its stud (14). The upper channel member (10) has opposite side flanges (20, 22) that include lower edges (32, 34) the stud (14) has an upper butt end that is positioned above the lower edge (32, 34) is below an upper web portion (18) of the upper channel member (10). The upper portion of the clip (54) is connected to the upper channel member (10). The clip (54) is free to move vertically with respect to the stud (14). In a wall construction, wallboard sheeting WS is connected to the stud (14) and the lower channel member (12) but not to the upper channel member (10).

Abstract: A floor system for a building that includes primary and secondary structural supports, a grid attached to the supports, and a plurality of panels removably mounted in the grid to provide access to the space below the panels and the grid. The floor system replaces conventional permanent structural floors, and provides ready access to the underlying space, which would otherwise be inaccessible in a conventional floor.

Abstract: A hand-held void forming device, including a handle having two handle elements moveable relative to each other; and a void forming portion having two void forming elements moveable relative to each other, the void forming portion being operatively connected to the handle whereby movement of the handle elements relative to each other moves the void forming elements relative to each other.

Abstract: A prototype connector has a section in the general shape of the letter. “C”, thereby causing it to have a convex outer surface. Ends of the prototype connector form lips that are contiguously connected through respective flanges to ends of a web. A connector for making a butt connection between two cement composite panels is formed by two prototype connectors that have outer surfaces of their webs welded together. A connector for making an “L” connection between the two panels is formed by welding an outer surface of a flange of one prototype connector to an outer surface of a web of another prototype connector. A connector for connecting the two panels together at a preselected angle is made by using two sheet metal plates to connect each flange of a first prototype connector to a flange of a second prototype connector.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for laying and mechanically joining building panels, especially thin, hard, floating floors. Adjacent joint edges of two panels engage each other to provide a first mechanical connection locking the joint edges in a first direction perpendicular to the principal plane of the panels. In each joint, there is further provided a strip which is integrated with one joint edge and which projects behind the other joint edge. The strip has an upwardly protruding locking element engaging in a locking groove in the rear side of the other joint edge to form a second mechanical connection locking the panels in a second direction parallel to the principal plane of the panels and at right angles to the joint. Both the first and the second mechanical connection allow mutual displacement of joined panels in the direction of the joint.

Abstract: A portable flag holding pole having a flag tube (2) a holder (1), rising and setting groove (3) to facilitate the rising and setting of a flag (5) into an inner tube (6), a cap 12, a slope gear (16) and a slope gear projection (15) positioned at the inner part of the cap (12), a projection piece (17) of the slope gear (16) for insertion into a cutting groove (7), an axial pin (18) connected to the slope gear projection (15), a revolving body (9) is flexibly mounted at an end of the winding inner tube (6) through which an insert driving shaft (10) is inwardly passed and a spring (8) is mounted flexibly, characterized in that the cutting groove (7) engages a fixed pin (19) of the revolving body (9) with the insert holding piece (11) positioned at the rear end of the insert driving shaft (10) inserted into the insert holding piece (22) of a supporting means (20).

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for shaping a graded surface of a fill material around a drain are disclosed. The apparatus provides an outer ring for positioning within a shower enclosure, an inner ring for positioning within the outer ring and around the drain, a rail assembly connected at each of two ends to the outer ring, and a carriage connected to the rail assembly and the inner ring. Each of the inner ring and outer ring provides a top edge to which the surface of the fill material can be brought flush.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for covering a flower pot with a sheet of material. The apparatus includes a supporting platform, a pot receiving opening formed through the supporting platform and a plurality of forming members radially arranged around the pot receiving opening. The plurality of forming members are designed and disposed such that upon insertion of the flower pot and the sheet of material into the pot receiving opening the forming members pivot in a downward direction and form the sheet of material around an outer peripheral surface of the flower pot. The forming members are also upwardly biased so as to assist in ejecting the covered flower pot in an upward direction from the pot receiving opening.

Abstract: A method of covering a pot wherein the cover is a flattened sleeve which comprises a lower portion which is tapered and an upper portion which is detachable from the lower portion via a detaching element, leaving a non-linear upper peripheral edge in the lower portion. The cover may be bondingly connected to or crimped about the pot.

Abstract: A method of covering a pot containing a floral grouping with a flexible sleeve having a bonding material thereon which connects the sleeve to the pot when the pot is positioned within the sleeve. In one version, the sleeve is positioned about the pot and a lower portion of the sleeve closely surrounds and encompasses the pot, an upper portion of the sleeve extending upwardly from the pot and substantially surrounding and encompassing the floral grouping contained within the pot, at least a portion of the sleeve being removable via the detaching elements, leaving a portion of the sleeve which is a decorative plant cover.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for forming and filling a flexible package are provided in which an evacuation device (26) and a fitment (20) are attached to a sheet of flexible material (16). The sheet of flexible material (16) is formed into a package that is filled and sealed.

Abstract: A packaging machine may package irregularly shaped food products such that a heat-sensitive lidding material is thermoformed to generally conform to the configuration of the food product.

Abstract: At the point of purchase of the wedding gown, the customer is provided with a kit which includes a shipping box, either in folded or assembled form, order documents, prepaid shipping labels, a plastic bag, sealing tape with a moisture activated adhesive layer and instructions. When cleaning and preservation is desired, the order documents are filled out and put into the bag with the gown. The bag is placed in the box. The flaps of the assembled box are sealed by moistening the adhesive layer and applying the tape. The shipping labels are applied to the outside of the box and the box is shipped to the cleaning and preservation establishment.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for packaging a flowable food product, in particular cheese. The present invention forms a cheese package having a non-hermetic seal. A continuous moving web made of a heat sealable polymeric material has a non-heat sealable strip secured thereto and oriented in the machine direction. The web is moved in the machine direction while one longitudinal edge portion is placed over the other longitudinal edge portion in an overlapping relationship to form a food tube such that the non-heat sealable strip is disposed between the edge portions. The tube is heat sealed proximate the first longitudinal edge portion and filled with the flowable cheese product. The tube filled with cheese is then flattened. The flattened tube is heat sealed and cut at selected intervals in a transverse direction to form discrete individually packaged food slices.

Abstract: The purpose of this invention is to provide a packaging method and a packaging device in which a loading work and an unloading work for a packaged item performed by an operator can be reduced, a longitudinal length of the device can be made short and it can be manufactured in less-expensive manner.

Abstract: An apparatus for inserting surgical needles in needle parks. The apparatus has a frame, a needle block slidably mounted to the frame, a shuttle member slidably mounted to the frame, and a pick-up head. The needle block has a plurality of guide members spaced apart to receive at least one surgical needle and at least one needle park. The apparatus is used in a method of automatically loading surgical needles into the needle parks of surgical suture packages.

Abstract: A device is disclosed that can automatically remove lids from trays and place lids on trays. Further the device can sense the presence of a lid on a tray and can sense the dimensions of the tray. Based on the sensed dimensions of the tray, the device can select an appropriate sized lid to place on the tray. In one embodiment of the invention, a device holds a lid with a lid manipulator having lid holders. At least one end mechanism is attached to at least one end of the lid manipulator, and the end mechanism folds the lid flaps of an appropriate lid. Guided by the lid manipulator, lids are then positioned on the tray.

Abstract: A one-component seal and wadding system (1) for a screw-cap includes a seal (3) having lower layers (4,5) forming an induction heating sealable system for attaching the seal (3) to the neck of a container, a seal substrate (6) including a free tab (50) lying wholly within the circumference of the seal, a layer of liner (2), and attachment means (10,11,12) including a release layer (11) for attaching the seal substrate (7) including the tab (50) to the wadding (2).

Abstract: A diesel particulate filter construction, for filtering particulate from a flow of exhaust, includes a first layer of electrically resistive metal filter material in line with the flow of exhaust with particulate therein and a second layer of electrically resistive filter material which is also in line with the flow of exhaust with particulate therein. The layers are pleated cylinders concentrically positioned relative to one another. Current from a power supply is routed through the first layer and the second layer, which are electrically connected in series to one another. The layers are positioned so that exhaust flows through both the layers. Sufficient heat is generated by the flow of current through the layers to generate heat to, in turn, burn off entrapped particulate.

Abstract: A filter element of an air filter includes a main body and a substrate. The far infrared emission powder substances are embedded at certain grain sized and at certain ratio to the substrate, thereby forming the main body that is adapted in form to various internal combustion engines. The resonance effect will be created by means of the far infrared emission substances in the filter element of the air filter, thereby making tiny the molecular cluster of water in the moisture-containing air entering into the internal combustion engine for combustion, increasing the molecular freedom, enlarging the contact surface of the oil gas with the air. Therefore, it's easier that the oxygen-containing particles and the oil gas are evenly mixed for reaching an optimal mixture ratio of the original design standard.

Abstract: A device and method for spinning polymer fibers utilizes one or more independent sources of polymer materials, pumps for feeding polymer material from each of the sources, and a series of distribution plates with surface grooves, through holes and/or slots together defining separated distribution paths, each of which receives polymer material from one of said independent sources. The surface grooves are defined to a depth less than the thickness of the distribution plate. At least one distribution plate contains spinneret orifices defined by outlet surface grooves extending from the distribution path to the edge of that plate, whereby fibers are extruded from the spinneret orifices edgewise from the plate. The spinneret orifices may be defined by overlayed outlet surface grooves or slots defined in abutting plates.

Abstract: A self propelled, steerable, vertically adjustable, hydraulicly driven, ganged mowing machine for trimming nursery products. The machine generally includes a horizontal platform that supports a staggered array of mower decks. Each mower deck is driven by a hydraulic motor operatively connected to a mower blade for trimming the nursery products. The platform is slideably connected to right and left vertically stationary frames such that the platform is vertically adjustable with respect to the ground, via a hydraulic cylinder interconnecting the platform and each frame. Each vertical frame includes an independently controllable hydraulically driven traction drive motor operably connected to a drive wheel for propelling the machine. The mowing machine also includes a prime mover. The prime mover drives a number of hydraulic pumps. At least one of the hydraulic pumps drives the hydraulic motors which drive the mower blades.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a discharge stopper unit for a mowing machine having a mower deck. The discharge stopper unit has a discharge stopper adapted to block a discharge opening in the mower deck and an arm connected to the discharge stopper. Preferably, the arm has a biasing member which produces a securing force on the discharge stopper.

Abstract: The Warren cycle engine operates on the Warren Cycle, and is a two stroke, internal combustion, reciprocating, regenerated engine made up of a number of similar working units. Each working unit is comprised of cylinder 12 that is closed at one end by cylinder head 4 and contains power piston 18 that is connected to power output shaft 22. Movable wall 11 is provided to suck in the working fluid and push the exhaust out of cylinder 12. As the exhaust moves out of the engine, it gives up heat to regenerator 10. During the heating portion of the cycle movable wall 11 pushes the compressed air through regenerator 10 and recaptures the heat left by the exhaust gases. Movable wall 11 can move between power piston 18 and cylinder head 4, and means are provided to accomplish this movement at the appropriate times during the engine's operating cycle. Means are also provided for the introduction of fuel into cylinder 12 during the heating part of the cycle.

Abstract: A second stage external jet nozzle mixer (20) includes identically formed lobes (48), which equal in number the lobes of the first stage internal mixer (42). The external mixer works with the internal mixer, and furthers the mixing of the jet engine internal bypass flow with the internal jet engine core flow. This mixing levels the disparate flow velocities attendant with the jet engine exhaust, reduces the peak velocities from the jet engine core and increases the lower bypass velocities of the jet engine internal bypass flow. Because noise is a function of jet exhaust velocity to the 7th power, and because peak velocities from the core flow are reduced, the jet noise is thereby reduced. In addition, the lobes of the external jet nozzle mixer are designed to entrain external air into the jet engine internal flow. This additional entrainment of external air further reduces the overall jet velocity, and further decreases noise. Implementation is effected by external lobe design.

Abstract: A ducted fan integrated power plant unit having a propeller with a central blade wheel comprises a ducted fan stator, which stator includes an outer ring having the central air intake guide ring, an inner ring; stator guide blades connecting the outer ring and the inner ring and a fixing support, a propeller, which includes main blades, a retaining ring, the later has central conical blades, between which guide openings are formed, and an engine and a fuel tank etc. When they are mounted together, the inner ring opening of the stator can be communicated with the guide openings, thereby the air flow volume is increased and air stream can be also guided to be exhausted towards the rear by these openings, at the same time the crankcase of the engine can be effectively cooled and the power and propulsion of engine can be increased.

Abstract: Methods and systems for treating vapors from fuels such as gasoline or diesel fuel in an internal combustion engine, to form hydrogen gas or synthesis gas, which can then be burned in the engine to produce more power. Fuel vapor, or a mixture of fuel vapor and exhaust gas and/or air, is contacted with a plasma, to promote reforming reactions between the fuel vapor and exhaust gas to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas, partial oxidation reactions between the fuel vapor and air to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas, or direct hydrogen and carbon particle production from the fuel vapor. The plasma can be a thermal plasma or a non-thermal plasma. The plasma can be produced in a plasma generating device which can be preheated by contact with at least a portion of the hot exhaust gas stream, thereby decreasing the power requirements of the plasma generating device.

Abstract: A first oxygen sensor is mounted on an exhaust pipe. An ECU determines an electric power to be fed to a sensor heater, by a heater control quantity calculating block, in accordance with a difference between an actual impedance and a target impedance calculated by a running condition determining block and a specific gas sensitivity priority determining block. As a result, the detection sensitivity of the oxygen sensor to a rich component or a lean component is improved according to the running condition. This improved output is detected by an output detecting block and reflected on the air/fuel ratio control so that an air/fuel ratio is controlled thereby.

Abstract: A device for purifying the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The device comprises a particulate filter carrying an active-oxygen releasing agent that can cause the sulfur poisoning, a SOx trap unit arranged upstream of the particulate filter, and a bypass means for making the exhaust gas mainly bypass said particulate filter when SOx is released from the SOx trap unit. Further, an exhaust choke valve for an exhaust brake is arranged between the SOx trap unit and the exhaust gas branch portion of the bypass means.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing the level of pollutants in the exhaust of a diesel engine, comprising: operating said diesel engine using as the fuel a water-diesel fuel emulsion; and contacting the exhaust gas from said diesel engine with an after-treatment such as a filter.

Abstract: A stator support structure of a torque converter is configured to reduce the number of parts and an axial size of the stator support structure. The stator support structure has a first support member 5, a second support member 7 and a one-way clutch body 8. The first support member 5 has a first annular flange 11 extending radially outward and a first thrust receiving portion 13. The second support member 7 has a second annular flange 15 formed of an inner peripheral portion of the stator extending radially inward and opposed to the first annular flange 11, and a second thrust receiving portion 17 being in contact with the first thrust receiving portion 13. The one-way clutch body 8 is disposed between the first and second annular flanges 11 and 15, and is subjected to an axial load in a locked state for inhibiting rotation of the stator only in one direction.

Abstract: A hydraulic steering system (1) with a supply connection arrangement, having a high-pressure connection (P) and a low-pressure connection (T), and with a working connection arrangement (L, R), a directional valve (2) and a metering pump unit (3, 4) being arranged between the supply connection arrangement and the working connection arrangement, the metering pump arrangement having at least two hydraulically parallel-connected and mechanically parallel-operated metering pumps (3, 4) with a shut-off valve (6) in a hydraulic connection between the two metering pumps (3, 4), said shut-off valve (6) having a return spring (16) and a first control inlet (15) that is connected with the high-pressure connection (P).

Abstract: A method of controlling an hydraulic activation unit includes the steps of using a characteristic diagram of a first hydraulic transformer as an input variable in the control unit; using a characteristic diagram of a second hydraulic transformer as an input variable in the control unit; and activating the hydraulic actuator responsive to the input variables. The hydraulic activation unit includes the hydraulic power unit, such as a hydraulic actuator or a hydraulic motor, for producing a force. The first hydraulic transformer is operably connected to a first side of the actuator for supplying a pressure. The second hydraulic transformer is operably connected to a second side of the actuator for supplying a pressure. The control unit for assessing the first and second hydraulic transformer operably activates the hydraulic actuator.

Abstract: A method for controlling a desired ratio of flow in a system having multiple circuits. The method includes determining a first desired flow in a first circuit and a second desired flow in a second circuit, determining a first actual flow in the first circuit and a second actual flow in the second circuit, comparing the first desired flow to the first actual flow and the second desired flow to the second actual flow, determining a condition of one of the first and second actual flows being less than the respective first and second desired flows, and responsively initiating a command from one of the first and second circuits to the other of the first and second circuits to reduce the actual flow of the other of the first and second circuits to maintain the desired ratio of flow.

Abstract: The invention disclosed is an adjustable turbocharger wastegate controller suitable for after-market installation. In the after-market installation, the invention makes use of the existing factory wastegate mechanism to form a fully adjustable turbine-inlet pressure relief. The factory wastegate valve assembly and the wastegate lever-arm connected to the wastegate shaft are utilized. The invention extends the lever-arm, and applies seating pressure to the valve with a spring assembly using a substantially lower spring-rate than the factory assembly. The spring loading is adjustable over a very wide range, and improved pressure regulation is achieved. The adjustment allows for operation of the vehicle's turbocharger to be adapted for conditions.

Abstract: The invention concerns a charged internal combustion engine (1) with at least one stage of charging by a turbocharger (3).

Abstract: A gas transfer system and method for dissolving at least one gas into a liquid. The system includes a gas transfer vessel also known as a reactor. A liquid inlet feed is connected to the reactor for transferring the liquid into the reactor. A gas inlet is connected to the reactor for feeding the gas into the reactor. An outlet is connected to the reactor for transferring the liquid with at least some of the gas therein away from the reactor. The system also includes a feed pump connected to the inlet feed to pressurize the contents of the inlet feed and the reactor, and a regenerative turbine connected to the feed pump and to the outlet. The various embodiments of the gas transfer system use pressurization in the gas transfer vessel to enhance gas transfer therein, minimize the net energy consumption, and retain highly supersaturated dissolved gas in solution. Some embodiments further help to reduce effervescence loss.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating power is provided. Nitrogen gas is compressed by a compressor so as to provide liquid nitrogen of a predetermined temperature. A gaseous refrigerant is passed through the compressed nitrogen so as to condense the refrigerant. The condensed refrigerant is passed through the ambient air having a predetermined temperature such that the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant increase. The expansion of the refrigerant in a turbine drives a generator that, in turn, generates power.