Abstract: A light-transmission screen includes a diffusing element formed from a micro-lens array for projecting images in a viewing space. The screen generates images of improved quality by varying structural features of one or more lenses in the array so that light is directed in different directions and/or with different optical properties compared with other lenses in the array. The structural features which are varied include any one or more of size, shape, curvature, or spacing of the lenses in the array. As a result of these variations, the screen achieves wider viewing angles, improved screen resolution and gain, and a greater ability to reduce or eliminate aliasing or other artifacts in the generated images compared with conventional screens. A method for making a light-transmission screen of this type preferably forms the micro-lens array using a stamping operation based on a master.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a multiviewpoint stereoscopic image display apparatus for which an image display unit can be freely selected without limiting to a transmissive image display unit, and in which crosstalk doesn't arise. This stereoscopic image display apparatus includes an image display unit in which a plurality of horizontal pixel lines is provided in a vertical direction, and pixel groups including pixels that display images corresponding to a plurality of observation positions respectively are arranged cyclically. And the apparatus also includes a mask member in which apertures to pass only a ray having predetermine directionality from the pixels are formed. Then, the apparatus includes a limiting member that limits rays from a predetermined horizontal pixel line may reach only horizontal aperture lines having the apertures whose horizontal positions are the same.

Abstract: A monocentric arrangement of optical components providing stereoscopic display of a virtual image, electronically generated, line by line, from an electromechanical grating light modulator (85) and projected, as a real intermediate image, near the focal surface (22) of a curved mirror (24) by means of a scanning ball lens assembly (100). To form each left and right intermediate image component, a separate image generation system (70) comprises a scanning ball lens assembly (100) comprising a spherical lens (46) for wide field of view and a reflective surface (102). A monocentric arrangement of optical components images the left and right scanning ball lens pupil at the corresponding left and right viewing pupil (14) of the observer (12) and essentially provides a single center of curvature for projection components.

Abstract: Optical isolators and methods of manufacturing optical isolators are disclosed. The optical isolators are manufactured by directly bonding the parts of the isolators without the use of adhesive or mechanical devices to hold the individual parts together.

Abstract: A combination comprising a cascade of several optical devices with a low overall insertion loss, is disclosed. This arrangement can be used in many applications in the new technology area of dense wavelength division multiplexing. Specifically, this cascade arrangement can be used to fabricate compact, multichannel filter devices, dispersion compensators and other useful devices. Various embodiments are disclosed. In one embodiment, a 45-degree Faraday rotator is combined with another optical element. In another embodiment, a cascade of three optical devices is employed. Central to this is cascade is a cubic polarizing beam splitter (PBS) with four optical surfaces. In yet another embodiment, a cascade of five optical devices is described. Central to this cascade is an elongated polarizing beam splitter with six areas for optical coupling. This elongated PBS functions as a superposition of two cubic PBS. Various embodiments of the elongated PBS are also described.

Abstract: Optical isolators and methods of manufacturing optical isolators are disclosed. The optical isolators are manufactured by directly bonding the parts of the isolators without the use of adhesive or mechanical devices to hold the individual parts together.

Abstract: An optical illumination apparatus has a polarization conversion device for converting light from a light source into light polarized uniformly in a predetermined manner and an optical integrator system for illuminating a display panel with the light polarized in the predetermined manner. The polarization conversion device splits the light from the light source into a first light beam and a second light beam in such a way that the first and second light beams are polarized in different manners, and then converts one of the first and second light beams into light polarized in the identical manner as the other light beam. Moreover, the first and second light beams pass through an identical lens cell of a first lens array of the optical integrator system and are imaged on an identical lens cell of a second lens array of the optical integrator system.

Abstract: A compact, in-line polarization combiner uses a folded, reflective optical path from a first fiber to a second fiber. The combiner includes first and second fibers at one end of an in-line package, and a third fiber at the other end of the in-line package. A first polarization-dependent optical path is defined between the first and second fibers for light in a first polarization state. A second polarization-dependent path is defined between the first and third fibers for light in a second polarization state orthogonal to the first polarization state. A polarizer is disposed between the ends of the combiner and reflects light on the first path between the first and second fibers and transmits light on the second path between the first and third ports, A reflector is disposed on the first path to reflect light to the polarizer.

Abstract: A system (200) for effecting low-order aberration correction of a beam of electromagnetic energy. The inventive system (200) includes a first mechanism (220), including at least one articulated optical element (222), for receiving and correcting the beam; a second mechanism (270) for generating a signal indicative of the aberrations to be corrected; and a third mechanism (226), responsive to the second mechanism (270), for adjusting the position of the optical element (222) to generate an output beam that is at least partially compensated with respect to the aberrations. In the preferred embodiment, the first mechanism (220) is a telescope comprising a fixed primary lens or mirror (224) and an articulated secondary lens or mirror (222). The second mechanism (270) includes a wavefront error sensor for detecting aberrations in the received beam.

Abstract: A tunable microlens uses at least two layers of electrodes and a droplet of conducting liquid. Such a droplet, which forms the optics of the microlens, moves toward an electrode with a higher voltage relative to other electrodes in the microlens. When calibration of the microlens is desired, an equal and constant voltage is passed over the first layer of electrodes and a different, constant voltage is passed over the second layer of electrodes, which may, for example, be disposed in a star-like pattern. A driving force relative to each electrode in the second layer results and is proportional to the length of the circumference of the droplet that intersects with each of the electrodes. This driving force reaches equilbrium, and hence the droplet reaches its nominal centered position relative to the second layer of electrodes, when the length of intersection of the circumference of the droplet with each of the electrodes in the second layer is equal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a zoom lens that has high optical performance specifications such as high zoom ratios, wide angles of view, reduced F-numbers and limited aberrations, and enables an optical path to be easily bent. The zoom lens comprises a moving lens group B(G2) that has positive refracting power and moves only toward the object side upon zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, and a lens group A(G1) remaining fixed during zooming, which is located on the object side of the zoom lens with respect to the moving lens group B and has negative refracting power. The moving lens group B is composed of, in order from its object side, a positive lens element, a positive lens element and a negative lens element, three lens elements in all.

Abstract: An oblique projection optical system is compact as compared with the size of the image it presents, offers high imaging performance, produces satisfactorily small distortion, and has a small f-number. The oblique projection optical system is composed of a plurality of powered reflection surfaces, of which the one closest to the projection surface is positively powered and the one second closest thereto is negatively powered. At least one of these two reflection surfaces is a free-form surface, and the one closest to the projection surface has a size larger than half the size of the projection surface.

Abstract: A portable optical magnifying device (1), for observing specimens within a specimen-vessel having a transparent flat wall, comprises an eyepiece (4) and an objective (3), a light-path being defined therebetween. The device (1) includes a spacer (7) arranged at least partly around the objective (3) and which is adapted in use to seat the device (1) against the flat wall of the specimen vessel with the objective (3) closely adjacent but spaced therefrom, and with its optical axis normal thereto. The device (1) further includes means (9) for releasably attaching the device (1) to the flat wall, with the space (7) bearing against the flat wall of the specimen vessel. Attachment is achieved by evacuation of the space between objective lens, spacer and flat wall.

Abstract: An apparatus to drive a blade on which an objective lens is mounted including a first electromagnetic unit to generate a first electromagnetic force and a second electromagnetic unit to generate a second electromagnetic force such that when the first and second magnitudes are the same, the blade is driven in a focus direction, and when the magnitudes are different, the blade is driven in a tilt direction. Accordingly, a tilt error can be actively controlled so that a laser beam is incident on a disk in a precise direction therefore improving the qualities of recording and reproducing data. In addition, tilt control is performed by using a focus adjustment mechanism so that an additional mechanism to control tilt is not required. As a result, the size and weight of the apparatus to drive the objective lens of the optical pickup are reduced.

Abstract: A device such as a mirror assembly comprises a movable structure (41) having a first movable portion (45) hinged to a frame portion (43) by a first pair of torsional hinges (47A and 47B) spaced apart along a first axis (49). The device may also have a second movable portion (51) and a second pivot axis provided by set of torsional hinge (53A and 53B). The movable structure or mirror assembly (41) having a first coefficient of expansion is attached to a support structure (42) having a different coefficient of expansion at a single attaching or anchor point (63) such as by epoxy or a clamp (101). The single attaching point (63) allows expansion and/or contraction along two dimensions and thereby prevents compression and/or tension forces resulting from different coefficients of expansion between the mirror assembly 41 and the support structure 42 from being applied to the torsional hinges 47A, 47B, 53A and 53B.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, apparatus and program product for testing the reliability of a disk drive. The head-to-disk clearance of a disk drive is measured at different slider airbearing conditions. The change in head-to-disk clearance between the slider airbearing conditions is calculated. If the calculated head-to-disk clearance change between airbearing conditions for each of the heads in the disk drive exceeds a predetermined threshold, the disk drive is verified as having passed the reliability test. Differences in slider airbearing conditions are generated by varying pressures and/or temperatures under which the drive is operated.

Abstract: A method for determining whether a head of a data storage device exhibits head instability. A disc attached to a spindle motor is accelerated to an operating rotational velocity to aerodynamically support the head, the head is positioned over a portion of the disc and a pattern of selected frequency is written. A readback signal is provided to a head instability detection circuit by a magnetoresistive element of the head reading the selected frequency pattern for detection and comparison of an occurrence of randomly repeatable amplitude spikes in relation to predetermined threshold levels.

Abstract: Object of this invention is to provide a servo writer capable of automatically controlling record current amount supplied to a writing head for every kind of magnetic tape when writing a servo signal on many kinds of magnetic tapes. The servo writer for writing a servo signal on magnetic tape MT which is fed out from a feeding reel and taken-up by a take-up reel includes writing head H1 that writes a servo signal on the magnetic tape MT, inspection head H2 for reading the servo signal formed on the downstream side and written on the magnetic tape MT, servo signal inspection part 16 that inspects the servo signal read by the inspection head H2, and current amount control part 17 that controls the amount of record current supplied to the writing head H1 based on the inspection result in the servo signal inspection part 16.

Abstract: Copying, dubbing or reproducing copyrighted digital data can be inhibited or restricted to properly protect a copyright. AV data recorded on a pre-recorded tape is output from a reproducing unit of a first digital VCR with protective information indicating whether the copy of the AV data is inhibited or not. The protective information is input with the A/V data to a second digital VCR. Copy permission information of a blank tape loaded in the second digital VCR is discriminated and the second digital VCR records the AV data supplied from the first digital VCR based on the protective information and the copy permission information.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product provide an annealing process for setting a magnetization condition of a read head. An amount of heat for stabilizing magnetization condition of a read head is calculated. A width and amplitude of a voltage pulse that generates the calculated amount of heat in the read head are calculated. A voltage pulse of the calculated width and amplitude is applied to the read head for generating Joule heating in the read head. The width of the voltage pulse is less than one second.

Abstract: A cassette auto changer system includes a cassette console mounting a rack for holding a plurality of tape cassettes, a drive console for mounting a tape playing or playing and recording device or a plurality of such devices. A base console mounts the cassette and drive consoles and the entire cassette auto changer system is housed in a housing console. According to a compact design a cassette shuttle portion of the transport mechanism is rotatable both vertically and horizontally and includes means, such as a cassette hand portion, for effecting insertion and extraction of a cassette from one of a plurality of cassette compartments provided in the cassette rack. The cassette hand may also include a release lever engaging a lock lever at each cassette compartment. Further, grasping members include a centering device for achieving a predetermined support position for a cassette. In addition, paired positional detection portions and a corresponding sensors are provided.

Abstract: A method for writing servo information to a disc rotatably mounted to a spindle motor. A measured cage frequency is obtained from a written reference track, from which an actual cage frequency is predicted. The predicted cage frequency is then used to derive compensatedposition commands. During a servo write interval, the compensated position commands are used to control the head such that the head follows the disc movements caused by the cage frequency.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microactuator comprising a movable structure having a symmetric axis about which the movable structure are divided into two parts which can produce the same movement but in opposite directions; two active arms built with piezoelectric material; two stationary structures to connect the two active arms at their two ends, respectively. The invention also relates to a disk drive suspension which is incorporated with the microactuator.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for compensating actuator arm oscillation induced by resonance mode excitation during a seek in a disc drive data handling system. The actuator arm supports a head adjacent a recording surface, and a servo loop controls the position of the actuator arm. A frequency of actuator arm oscillation is identified, after which a seek is initiated to move the head from an initial track to a destination track on the recording surface. A position error signal (PES) is generated to indicate position of the head relative to the destination track, and a compensation signal is generated by a filter based on the PES and the frequency of oscillation of the actuator arm. The compensation signal is adapted to remove a component of the PES arising from the actuator arm oscillation, and is applied to the servo loop as the head is settled onto the destination track.

Abstract: A hard disk drive that has a reaction mass and a transducer that can be used to move and/or sense the acceleration of an actuator arm of the drive. The transducer is coupled to a disk controller that can provide output signals which induce a movement of the reaction mass. Movement of the reaction mass will cause a responsive movement of a head(s) coupled to the actuator arm. The transducer can also provide input signals to the controller that correspond to an acceleration of the actuator arm. The acceleration signal can provide force feedback for a servo system of the drive.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic storage cartridge adapted to be removably received by a drive base. The magnetic storage cartridge comprises a housing that includes at least one magnetic disk rotatable about an axis, and an actuator arrangement pivotal about an axis. The actuator arrangement includes at least one read/write head for reading and writing information to and from the at least one magnetic disk. The housing also includes a first engagement feature positioned on the housing at the rotational axis of the magnetic disk and a second engagement feature positioned on the housing at the pivot axis of the actuator arrangement. The housing of the storage cartridge also includes a third engagement feature that is spaced from the first and second engagement features.

Abstract: A hard disk drive includes a housing having a base plate and a cover plate, and a spindle motor installed on the base plate. At least one magnetic disk to store data is installed at the spindle motor and rotated by the spindle motor. An actuator is pivotably installed on the base plate and has a magnetic head to record data on the magnetic disk and to reproduce the data from the magnetic disk. At least one disk protector protrudes to a predetermined height toward the magnetic disk at a position corresponding to an edge portion of the magnetic disk where data is not recorded. A magnetic head protector protrudes to a predetermined height toward a suspension in a parking zone where the magnetic head is parked. The disk protector and the magnetic head protector are provided on an upper surface of the base plate and/or a lower surface of the cover plate. Thus, when an external impact is applied to the hard disk drive, the magnetic disk and the magnetic head are prevented from being damaged.

Abstract: A thin-film magnetic head comprises a bottom pole layer, a top pole layer, a recording gap layer, and first and second thin-film coils. The bottom pole layer includes a first layer disposed to face toward the first and second thin-film coils, and second and third layers disposed closer to an air bearing surface than the first and second thin-film coils are. In a method of manufacturing the thin-film magnetic head, the first thin-film coil and the second layer are formed in this order on a magnetic layer that has a wholly flat top surface and is to be the first layer. Then, the magnetic layer is patterned to complete the first layer.

Abstract: A bond pad is elevated from a slider body by a conductive post. The bond pad is disposed atop the post, which typically possesses a cross-sectional area smaller than the surface are of the bond pad. Thus, rather than having the entire surface of the bond pad in contact with the slider body, only the cross-sectional area of the conductive post is in contact therewith. Alternatively, a bond pad may be split into two electrically coupled pads: one pad used for housing a permanent bond, and a second pad used for housing a temporary bond. The pad used to house the temporary wire bond may be disposed atop a sacrificial layer. After a lapping process, the sacrificial layer may be etched away, thereby permitting the temporary pad to be removed.

Abstract: A recording tape cassette which accommodates a reel on which a recording tape is wound. A lock member for locking the reel is rotatably attached at an inner face of a case of the recording tape cassette. The lock member is urged to a reel side thereof, and engages with a gear which is formed at a peripheral edge of a flange of the reel. A guide surface is formed at the lock member such that, at a time when the reel is inserted into the case, the lock member is pushed by the reel and consequently is withdrawn in a direction of releasing locking of the gear. With this structure, an operation of insertion of the reel can be carried out easily, and work efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: A next generation disk cartridge, capable of being inserted into a next generation drive, includes dummy notches located to align with the shutter door opening arms of a previous generation disk drive. The dummy notches are defined by the housing of the disk cartridge, and are thus immovable. When the cartridge is inadvertently inserted into a previous generation disk drive, the dummy notches engage the shutter door opening arm of the previous generation drive, and prevent them from collapsing. The cartridge is thus blocked from further insertion into the previous generation disk drive.

Abstract: The present invention forms a conductor that is in electrically conductive contact, through an inside metal layer, with the magnetic thin film of the recording magnetic pole of a thin film magnetic head, and is also exposed to the outside. The equilibrium electrode potential of the conductor in an aqueous solution is set higher than that of the magnetic thin film, and its surface area is larger than the cross-sectional area of the magnetic thin film on the air bearing surface facing the magnetic recording medium. This makes it possible to retard corrosion of the recording magnetic thin film in the process of manufacturing thin film magnetic heads, whereby depletion of the magnetic thin film due to corrosion can be prevented, resulting in improved recording and reproducing qualities.

Abstract: In a magnetic head, a center pad provided with a magnetic core is formed at the center of an edge at a trailing side of the recording medium opposing surface of a slider body. Two side pads are formed at both ends in the direction of the width at positions closer to a leading side than the center pad is located. A total value of the areas of the recording medium opposing surfaces of the two side pads is set to be larger than a value of the area of the recording medium opposing surface of the center pad. Each of the side pads has, at the leading side, a front stepped surface that is lower than the remaining portion.

Abstract: A magnetic head device and a flexible disc device using the same are disclosed. In the disclosed arrangement, a deformation of a gimbal spring caused by an impact is prevented, thereby providing a magnetic head and a flexible disc having a high reliability. In a a double side type magnetic head in which one magnetic head placed on at least upper side of a disc is supported by a gimbal spring in a shape of a flat plate that can be torsionally displaced in two axes, for a linking unit which can be torsionally displaced around an axis, at least one regulator which has a small torsional rigidity and regulates a torsional displacement in the linking unit is placed at a position distant from the linking unit, and this regulator keeps the displacement in the linking unit in an elastic region to thereby prevent a plastic deformation and improve an impact resistance.

Abstract: An example of a method for forming a multi-layer structure which may be used for supporting a transducer includes providing a support layer and forming a etch stop layer from a refractory metal on the support layer. A first electrically conducting layer of copper may be formed on the etch stop layer. A dielectric layer may be provided on the first electrically conducting layer. A second electrically conducting layer of copper may be provided on the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer is positioned between the first electrically conducting layer and the second electrically conducting layer. The second electrically conducting layer may be etched to form a plurality of separate electrically conducting lines.

Abstract: The present invention provides an integrated magnetic latch and voice coil motor magnet assembly for use in a disc drive. The lower plate of the voice coil motor defines an elongate slot that is configured for engagement with a latch member. The latch member has a step at one end. The lower plate has a magnet fixed on one surface such that the step is brought into abutment with another surface of the base when the latch member is attracted by the magnet.

Abstract: An apparatus restricting motion of an actuator assembly to preclude damage to a read/write head or a disc of a disc drive, the apparatus includes a pole piece with a crash stop mounting aperture and an overmolded crash stop communicating with the crash stop mounting aperture. The overmolded crash stop includes a retention channel formed by a top retention portion, a bottom retention portion and a main body portion during a process of molding the overmolded crash stop to the pole piece. The main body portion conforms to the crash stop mounting aperture, thereby precluding motion of the overmolded crash stop relative to the pole piece in a lateral direction, while the top retention portion and the bottom retention portion constrain motion of the overmolded crash stop relative to the pole piece in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) read head with an amorphous magnetic bottom shield layer and an amorphous nonmagnetic bottom lead gap layer is disclosed. The amorphous magnetic bottom shield layer and amorphous nonmagnetic bottom lead layer provide a planar surface for the CPP read head deposited thereon to exhibit a low ferromagnetic coupling field and a high giant (or tunneling) magnetoresistance coefficient. The amorphous magnetic bottom shield layer is preferably formed of an Fe-based or Co-based film. The amorphous nonmagnetic bottom lead layer is preferable formed of a W-based or Ni-based film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetoresistive magnetic field sensor wherein the sense current flows perpendicular to the plane of the layers of the sensor. The sensor is biased into a linear operating region of the transfer curve using the sense current or a permanent magnet in conjunction with the sense current.

Abstract: A giant magnetoresistive stack for use in a magnetic read head has a plurality of layers including at least one ferromagnetic layer which contributes to a giant magnetoresistive signal, and at least one doped ferromagnetic layer which does not contribute to a giant magnetoresistive signal. The dopant in the doped ferromagnetic layer reduces parasitic shunting current through the giant magnetoresistive stack by providing an increase in resistivity without a decrease in magnetization.

Abstract: A magnetization of a ferromagnetic free layer of a current-in-plane (CIP) sensor is stabilized using an in-stack longitudinal bias structure that includes a ferromagnetic bias layer and an anti-ferromagnetic bias layer. An electrically insulating layer separates the ferromagnetic free layer and the in-stack longitudinal bias structure, and thus the leads attached to the CIP sensor do not make direct electrical contact with the in-stack longitudinal bias structure. As a result, the sense current shunted by the in-stack longitudinal bias structure is prevented. Since a width along the off track direction of the in-stack longitudinal bias structure is greater than the track-width of the CIP sensor, the edge magnetostatic coupling filed acting on the ferromagnetic free layer from the track width edges of the in-stack longitudinal bias structure is reduced to approximately zero.

Abstract: There is provided a magnetoresistive head which can realize high sensitivity and low noise even when the reading track is being reduced. Longitudinal biasing is performed to a ferromagnetic free layer whose magnetization is rotated according to an external magnetic field by providing unidirectional magnetic anisotropy by exchange coupling to an antiferromagnetic layer. A hard magnetic film is arranged at the edge of a magnetoresistive film to reduce an effective reading track width.

Abstract: To provide a spin-valve type magnetic head having high read output even if track width is narrow and high stability, a magnetic head according to the invention is provided with a spin-valve type magnetoresistive element in which a single magnetic domain turning ferromagnetic layer is formed on a soft magnetic free layer via a non-magnetic separating layer, the soft magnetic free layer and the single magnetic domain turning ferromagnetic layer are magnetostatically coupled at the end of track width, a closed magnetic circuit is formed and the soft magnetic layer has magnetization substantially induced in a direction substantially perpendicular to an external magnetic field.

Abstract: A resistor and stall protection assembly for a permanent magnet brush-type DC motor includes a first speed circuit for operating the motor at a first speed. The first speed circuit includes at least one resistor 12 for reducing voltage to the motor 14. A second speed circuit is provided for operating the motor at a speed greater than the first speed. A first connecting structure 16 is constructed and arranged to connect the assembly to a source of power 18. A second connecting structure 20 is constructed and arranged to connect the assembly to the motor 14. A sensing structure 22 is constructed and arranged to sense a motor stall condition, and a circuit protecting device 24 such as a relay or transistor is constructed and arranged to interrupt power to the motor 14 when the motor is in the stall condition.

Abstract: The present invention includes apparatus and methods to suppress transients that would otherwise have an effect on a power supply. The present invention accomplishes this by providing a power supply transient suppressor between the power supply and an inductive load, such as a spindle motor of a disc drive. The power supply transient suppressor is turned off at certain desired times so that transients caused by the inductive load do not affect the power supply. One apparatus to accomplish this suppression is to use an isolation transistor and a blocking diode. The blocking diode can be a discrete device or can be inherent in the isolation transistor. The isolation transistor is turned on and off so that undesired transients are not passed to the power supply. For example, during spin up of the spindle motor, the isolation transistor can be turned on and off to block the transients from passing to the power supply.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for detecting a short circuited semiconductor switch. The apparatus comprises a semiconductor switching device and a short circuited switch detection device. The semiconductor switching device comprises an input, an output, and a control input for switching the semiconductor switching device. The short circuited switch detection device comprises an input and an output. The input of the short circuited switch detection device is coupled to the semiconductor switching device, wherein the short circuited switch detection device detects a short circuit in the semiconductor switch switching device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an interposer substrate for interconnecting between active electronic componentry such as but not limited to a single or multiple integrated circuit chips in either a single or a combination and elements that could comprise of a mounting substrate, substrate module, a printed circuit board, integrated circuit chips or other substrates containing conductive energy pathways that service an energy utilizing load and leading to and from an energy source. The interposer will also possess a multi-layer, universal multi-functional, common conductive shield structure with conductive pathways for energy and EMI conditioning and protection that also comprise a commonly shared and centrally positioned conductive pathway or electrode of the structure that can simultaneously shield and allow smooth energy interaction between grouped and energized conductive pathway electrodes containing a circuit architecture for energy conditioning as it relates to integrated circuit device packaging.

Abstract: The present specification discloses highly efficient capacitor structures. One embodiment of the present invention is referred to herein as a vertical parallel plate (VPP) structure. In accordance with this embodiment, a capacitor structure comprises a plurality of vertical plates. The vertical plates are substantially parallel to each other, and each vertical plate comprises multiple conducting strips. These conducting strips are substantially parallel to each other and are connected to each other by one or more vias. The vertical plates are alternately connected to each other, creating a first portion of the vertical plates and a second portion of the vertical plates, such that the first portion of the vertical plates forms a first terminal of the capacitor structure, and the second portion of the vertical plates forms a second terminal of the capacitor structure. Either slotted vias or individual vias can be used to connect the conducting strips.

Abstract: A tantalum or niobium powder that can provide a porous sintered tantalum or niobium body having a large surface area and involving a lower risk of failure to form a solid electrolyte film, where a material serving as a tantalum or niobium ion source is dissolved in a molten salt, upon which a reducing agent is allowed to act, resulting in reduction to the metal state of the tantalum or niobium ions dissolved in the molten salt, to thereby obtain a tantalum or niobium powder comprising aggregated columnar particles. A tantalum or niobium powder contains radially aggregated particles formed by a plurality of columnar particles aggregated radially.

Abstract: Three single-phase transformers are provided, the primary sides connected in a Wye configuration. One terminal on the primary side of each transformer is coupled to a reference node and the other terminal on the primary side of each transformer is coupled to one phase of the power supply bus. The secondary sides of the transformers are connected in a delta configuration through a resistor. The circuit connecting the secondary sides of the transformers is not electrically connected to ground.