Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the epoxidation of hydrocarbons. This process comprises reacting at least one hydrocarbon with oxygen or air or nitrous oxide or other gaseous oxidants, in the presence of a mixture comprising at least two elements selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Re, Fe, Co, Ni, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi and Se, on a support with a BET surface area of less than 200 m2/g. The present invention also relates to catalysts suitable for the epoxidation of hydrocarbons, wherein the catalyst comprises a mixture comprising at least two metals selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Re, Fe, Co, Ni, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi and Se, on a support with a BET surface area of less than 200 m2/g.

Abstract: In a process for reacting an organic compound with a hydroperoxide using at least one heterogeneous catalyst, both the pH and the temperate of the reaction medium are changed during the reaction

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for catalytically hydrogenating unsaturated phytosterol compounds. The catalyst used for such hydrogenation is an alumina-supported transition metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium and mixtures thereof. The process involves the following steps.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for extracting and fractionating fats contained in a raw material, characterized in that it comprises at least a step which consists in using an extraction solvent consisting of at least a hydrofluoroether of general formula (I): CnF2n+1OCmH2m+1, wherein: n ranges between 3 and 6 and m ranges between 1 and 5 and at least a separation step enabling to obtain a raw extract of fats rich in unsaponifiable substances and optionally, in free fatty acids and a insoluble extraction fraction.

Abstract: The invention comprises a chemical composition with the structure shown below. The composition can be polymerized or pyrolyzed, forming transition metal nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed in a thermoset or carbon composition. The size of the nanoparticles can be controlled by manipulating the number and arrangement of functional groups in the composition and by changing the conditions of the polymerization or pyrolysis. The resulting thermosets and carbon compositions have useful magnetic, electric, mechanical, catalytic and/or optical properties.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing an N-silylorganocarbamate, which comprises: providing a mixture of aminoorganosilane and a catalytically effective amount of basic catalyst and; combining the mixture of aminoorganosilane and basic catalyst with an organocarbonate ester the mixture of aminoorganosilane and basic catalyst, the organocarbonate ester or both being at elevated temperature at the time of their being combined.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing triethyl phosphate by reacting phosphorus oxychloride with a greater than stoichiometric quantity of ethanol under reduced pressure at temperatures of from 0 to 50° C. in a reaction vessel, wherein a) the volatile components resulting from the reaction are predominantly condensed by means of a reflux condenser and the remaining volatile components are passed into a scrubber filled with water, b) after the end of the reaction, the reaction mixture is separated distillatively in an outgassing column into a top product and a bottom product which predominantly comprises triethyl phosphate, c) the top product of the outgassing column is combined with the contents of the scrubber and d) the contents of the scrubber are separated distillatively in an azeotropic distillation to obtain water and ethanol as top product and the ethanol, preferably after dewatering, is preferably returned to the reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the preparation of a compound of the formula wherein W is nitrogen or —CR3; R1 is halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, R4S(O)n— or —SF5; R2 is hydrogen; R3 is halogen; R4 is alkyl or haloalkyl; and n is 0, 1 or 2.

Abstract: A method for producing alkoxy malonic acid dinitrites of general formula (I), wherein R1 means C1-6-alkyl or halogen-substituted C1-6-alkyl. The method involves converting the corresponding alkoxy malonic acid diamides of general formula (II), wherein R1 has the aforementioned meaning, by means of a dehydrating agent. The intermediate products of general formula (III), whereby the products are formed during dehydration.

Abstract: Novel unsaturated esters for use in dentistry as bonding agents are produced by a stepwise reaction of a cyclic dianhydride with a) unsaturated alcohols, b) unsaturated glycidyl ethers, and c) unsaturated isocyanates. The products used as bonding agents have the formula: wherein R2 is H or CH3.

Abstract: The preparation of a carboxylic ester by direct reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol catalyzed by a sulphonic acid R—SO3H is carried out in the presence of a solid comprising tertiary amine functions.

Abstract: A process for working up distillation residues from the synthesis of tolylene diisocyanate by reaction of the distillation residues with water comprises reacting the TDI distillation residues with water in a continuous or semicontinuous process in a backmixed reactor in the presence of hydrolysate.

Abstract: Processes for making particularly branched, especially monomethyl-branched or nongeminal dimethyl-branched surfactants used in cleaning products; preferred processes comprising particular combinations of two or more adsorptive separation steps and, more preferably, particular alkylation steps; products of such processes, including certain modified alkylbenzenes, modified alkylbenzenesulfonate surfactants, and consumer cleaning products, especially laundry detergents, containing them. Preferred processes herein more specifically use specific, unconventional sequences of sorptive separation steps to secure certain branched hydrocarbon fractions which are used in further process steps as alkylating agents for arenes or for other useful surfactant-making purposes. Surprisingly, such fractions can even be derived from effluents from current linear alkylbenzene manufacture.

Abstract: Granular product of parahydroxybenzoic acid or its ester which exhibits well suppressed dusting and caking tendency and a process for preparing the product are provided. The granular product of parahydroxybenzoic acid or its ester according to the instant invention has an average particle size of equal to or more than 150 &mgr;m and a hardness of 10-3000 g. The granular product of the invention can be prepared by dry compressing powdery parahydroxybenzoic acid or its ester to give compressed material, pulverizing and classifying the material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing sorbic acid by thermal cleavage in a solvent of the polyester prepared from crotonaldehyde and ketene, the cleavage of the polyester being carried out in the presence of 20 to 100% by weight of a secondary or tertiary aliphatic, alicyclic nitrogen- and/or oxygen-containing amine, or aliphatic-aromatic substituted amine, as catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing a calcium carboxylate comprising contacting a nitrile compound, a calcium compound selected from calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide or mixtures thereof, and water at a temperature of about 90° C. to about 250° C. at a sufficient pressure and for a sufficient time to produce a reaction mixture comprising calcium carboxylate.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) wherein: R isopropyl; n is 0; R1 is naphthylmethyl; R2 is t-butyl; and R3 is methyl; is useful in the treatment of disorders mediated by s-CD23.

Abstract: Couplers for hair coloring compositions for oxidative dyeing of hair are compounds of the formula (1): wherein X is selected from halogen and R5SO4; R, R1, R2 and R5 are each individually selected from C1 to C22 alkyl and C1 to C22 mono or dihydroxyalkyl and R3 and R4 are individually selected from C1 to C6 alkyl groups, C1 to C6 hydroxyalkyl, C1 to C6 alkoxy, C1 to C6 aminoalkyl or R3 and R4 together form a C1 to C5 alkylene group.

Abstract: A method for processing of hydrogen for the reductive acylation of nitro, azido and cyano arenes is disclosed. More particularly, improved process for the preparation of amides and anilides using C3-C7 carboxylic acids as proton source/acylating agents employing Fe3+-montmorillonite as a catalyst is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an NHE-1 selective Na+/H+ antiporter inhibitor N-(4,5-bismethanesulfonyl-2-methylbenzoyl)guanidine, hydrochloride, to its hydrochloride hydrate, and to a process for the preparation.

Abstract: A new oxime mixture used as an extractant for metals, prepared from natural products containing alkylated phenols such as cashew nut shell liquid using mild reaction conditions, is expressed by the formula: The oxime mixture is suitable for extracting gallium from waste effluents from ore processing, such as Bayer liquor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for preparing a reaction product containing methylene diphenylamine, comprising reacting aniline and formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst wherein the acid level of the resulting reaction mixture is reduced during digestion of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,1,4,4-tetramethoxy-2-butene by reacting 2,5-dimethoxydihydrofuran with methanol in the presence of acids comprises carrying out the reaction in the presence of solid catalysts having acidic centers.

Abstract: Polyetherpolyols are prepared by reacting diols or polyols with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or a mixture thereof in the presence of a multimetal cyanide complex catalyst by a process which is carried out in a vertical upright cylindrical reactor comprising a jet nozzle which is arranged in the upper reactor region and is directed downward and via which the starting materials and the reaction mixture are fed in, and comprising a take-off, preferably in the lower reactor region, via which the reaction mixture is fed back to the jet nozzle in an external circulation by means of a pump via an equilibration container, comprising a concentric guide tube which extends over the total length of the reactor, except for the reactor ends, and comprising a heat exchanger integrated in the annular space.

Abstract: A process for production of 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane which comprises reacting phenol with 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone in the presence of an acid catalyst, adding an aqueous solution of an alkali to the resulting reaction mixture to neutralize it, removing a water phase from the thus neutralized reaction mixture, cooling the resulting oil phase to crystallize phenol adduct crystals of 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane while obtaining a primary crystallization filtrate, wherein the primary crystallization filtrate is heated to a temperature of 150-250° C. in the presence of an alkali catalyst in an inert gas atmosphere under a reduced pressure to thermally decompose 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane in the primary crystallization filtrate.

Abstract: A process for production of 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane which comprises reacting phenol with 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone in the presence of an acid catalyst wherein the reaction of phenol with 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone is started in a slurry comprising phenol adduct crystals of 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane and hydrated phenol in the presence of an acid catalyst, and then the reaction is continued in the slurry.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for production of high purity 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (BPTMC) which comprises: (a) a reaction step wherein phenol is reacted with 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone (TMC) in a slurry containing phenol adduct crystals of BPTMC in the presence of an acid catalyst; (b) a neutralization step wherein after the reaction, the resulting reaction mixture in the form of slurry is neutralized with an alkali while heating to convert the slurry to a solution; (c) a primary crystallization and filtration step wherein the resulting solution is cooled and the resulting phenol adduct crystals of BPTMC are collected by filtration; (d) a secondary crystallization and filtration step wherein the adduct crystals obtained in the primary crystallization and filtration step are heated in a crystallization solvent to dissolve the crystals therein to prepare a solution and then the solution is cooled to crystallize BPTMC out of the solution, followed by collecting the crystals of

Abstract: Provided are methods of producing fluorinated alcohols from non-perfluorinated fluoroolefins and methanol. Certain preferred embodiments of such methods involve advantageously reacting a non-perfluorinated fluoroolefin with methanol under ambient-pressure and/or low-temperature conditions.

Abstract: A procedure for the alkylation of isobutane by olefinic hydrocarbons, in which a first hydrocarbon charge (3) rich in isobutane is put in contact with a second hydrocarbon charge rich in light olefins (2), under conditions that will provoke the alkylation of the isobutane by the light olefins, the effluents that emanate from the reaction area in a fractionation column (6) are treated in order to extract therefrom at least a first cut rich in alkylate (7), a second cut rich in normal butane (8) and a third cut rich in isobutane (9), said third cut (9) is then recycled at the entry of the alkylation reaction area. The second cut (8) rich in normal butane is purified (12) so as to lower its content in compounds with 5 or more carbon atoms to a value that is less than or equal to 5% by weight, the cut thus purified (14) is treated in an isomerization reactor (16) of normal butane to isobutane, this cut is then recycled (21) at the entry of the alkylation effluents fractionation column (6).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for converting an oxygenate feedstock to an olefin product. In particular, the method incorporates the use of a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve catalyst in the manufacture of ethylene and propylene. The method includes contacting an oxygenate-containing feedstock with a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve catalyst to form the olefin-containing product in a fluidized bed reactor apparatus including at least a reaction zone and a recirculation zone. Certain ratios of the mass of catalyst in the reaction zone to that of the sum of the mass of catalyst in both the reaction zone and the recirculation zone within the reactor apparatus are specified.

Abstract: A process for separating at least one C8 alkylaromatic hydrocarbon from a mixture containing at least one C8 alkylaromatic hydrocarbon and at least one C9 or C10 alkylaromatic hydrocarbon using dealuminated sodium zeolite Y.

Abstract: An absorbent article including a liquid-permeable top layer, an absorbent core layer, a breathable outer cover, and a creped inner nonwoven fibrous layer between the absorbent core and breathable outer cover. The creped inner nonwoven fibrous layer has a level of creping of about 5-75%, and is preferably permanently creped. The creped inner nonwoven fibrous layer serves as a dampness inhibitor which reduces or prevents perceived dampness on the external surface of the outer cover by lowering thermal conductivity between the absorbent core and the outer cover surface.

Abstract: An absorbent porous structure for use in a diaper, a pant diaper, an incontinence guard, a sanitary napkin or the like, with a liquid acquisition portion and a liquid storage portion which are an integrated unit. The liquid acquisition portion comprises a compressed polymeric open-cell foam which expands upon wetting, and the liquid storage portion comprises a polymeric open-cell foam which may be the same or different from the foam in the liquid acquisition portion. The liquid storage portion also contains a superabsorbent material, with the amount of superabsorbent material being lower in the part of the liquid storage portion that is located closest to the liquid acquisition portion than in the part of the liquid storage portion that is located furthest from the liquid acquisition portion. Other embodiments include a method for producing the absorbent structure and an absorbent article containing such an absorbent structure.

Abstract: An absorbent article comprising a central absorbent member and a lateral wicking barrier for inhibition of wicking from the central regions of the article to an outlying outer absorbent member. The wicking barrier has a vertical component for prevention of radial wicking in the plane of the article and thus promotes center filling of the article with fluid and reduces the likelihood of leaks from the sides of the article. The wicking barrier can also have a horizontal component to prevent leakage, redirect fluid flow, and improve fit and performance of the article. In one embodiment, the central absorbent member is a concentric absorbent structure having alternating rings of barrier material and absorbent material, including a spiral wound composite formed from a layer of barrier material wound with a layer of absorbent material and then sliced to provide a thin absorbent layer having high permeability in the thickness direction but low permeability in the plane due to the barrier material.

Abstract: A unitary stratified composite composed of a first stratum and a second stratum integrally connected by a transition zone is disclosed. The first stratum serves as a liquid acquisition stratum that rapidly acquires and then transfers liquid to the second stratum. The second stratum serves to withdraw liquid from the first stratum and further serves as a temporary storage stratum. Methods for forming the unitary stratified composite are also disclosed.

Abstract: An absorbent article comprising a liquid pervious topsheet, a liquid pervious backsheet joined to at least a portion of the topsheet, an absorbent core disposed between at least a portion of the topsheet and the backsheet, and a waste management element disposed in at least a portion of the crotch region. The waste management element preferably includes a macro-particulate structure comprising a multiplicity of particulate having a nominal size of between about 1 mm and about 25.4 mm. The waste management element preferably has an Acceptance Under Pressure value of greater than about 0.50 grams of a viscous fluid bodily waste per square inch of the waste management element per milliJoule of energy input. The waste management element preferably also has a Storage Under Pressure value of at least about 0.70 grams of the viscous fluid bodily waste per square inch of the waste management element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sanitary napkin having a longitudinal rear portion. The sanitary napkin includes: a main absorbent region having a main absorbent core between a back sheet and a surface sheet; side regions on both sides of the main absorbent region; and boundary regions having leakage-preventing side walls and positioned between the main absorbent region and the side regions. In the rear portion, the main absorbent region has a stiff portion, and the side regions are protruded laterally to form rear flaps each having an auxiliary absorbent core between the back sheet and another sheet. In the rear portion, a portion of the main absorbent region having the stiff portion therein, the boundary region and the rear flap have different longitudinal stiffnesses according to the following relationship: the portion having the stiff portion therein>the boundary region>the rear flap.

Abstract: The subject invention provides non-human mammalian hosts characterized by inactivated endogenous Ig loci and functional human Ig loci for response to an immunogen to produce human antibodies or analogs thereof. The hosts are produced by multiple genetic modifications of embryonic cells in conjunction with breeding. Different strategies are employed for recombination of the human loci randomly or at analogous host loci. Chimeric and transgenic mammals, particularly mice, are provided, having stably integrated large, xenogeneic DNA segments. The segments are introduced by fusion with yeast spheroplasts comprising yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) which include the xenogeneic DNA segments and a selective marker such as HPRT, and embryonic stem cells.

Abstract: Pregnancy in animals such as the pig usually does not continue to term when there are only a few embryos in the uterus. Currently available technology for maintaining pregnancy involves a series of hormone injections, and the failure rate is high. It has now been discovered that pregnancy can be maintained by complementing fertile embryos in the uterus with additional embryos that aren't expected to survive the full term of the pregnancy. Particularly suitable are parthenogenetic embryos, formed by activating and diploidizing unfertilized oocytes. The carrier embryos are engrafted into the uterus of a surrogate female, and the pregnancy continues to term without further intervention—even if the number of fertile embryos are below the minimum litter size. This provides valuable biological material that can be used for transplantation, the production of pharmaceuticals, and for agricultural use.

Abstract: This invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid fragment encoding a lipase. The invention also relates to the construction of a chimeric gene encoding all or a portion of the lipase, in sense or antisense orientation, wherein expression of the chimeric gene results in production of altered levels of the lipase in a transformed host cell.

Abstract: A novel soybean cultivar designated M800188 with high yield potential and tolerance to Roundup herbicide, further including the plants and seeds of the cultivar M800188, and methods for producing a soybean plant by crossing the cultivar M800188 with itself or another soybean plant. The invention also relates to soybean cultivar M800188 further comprising one or more single gene traits, and to methods of producing a soybean having such traits by transformation or mutagenesis. The invention also includes using the soybean cultivar M800188 to produce other soybean cultivars or breeding lines.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a DNA construct comprising a promoter operably linked to a nucleic acid encoding an N-terminal core toxin and a C-terminal Cry1Ab protoxin portion, wherein the nucleic acid encoding the C-terminal Cry1Ab protoxin portion is a plant optimized polynucleotide sequence.

Abstract: A keyboard lid opening and closing mechanism for a keyboard musical instrument having a simple structure and not requiring a large space for installation thereof. To house a keyboard lid in the folded state inside the keyboard musical instrument, the mechanism is provided with a reverse V-shape forming portion disposed at the place where the undersurface of the keyboard lid passes while moving, a rotation support portion including first connecting groove walls, and a keyboard lid stop portion including second connecting groove walls. Therefore, the structure of the mechanism for opening and closing the keyboard lid is simplified, and a large space for installation of the mechanism is not necessary since these portions include no movable parts.

Abstract: The present invention, is a new design for a woodwind musical instrument mouthpiece capable of harmonic vibration. The mouthpiece is fitted with an interchangeable tone-altering member including an interchangeable secondary reed having a wave form which vibrates inside the tone chamber of the vibratable mouthpiece for the purpose of adding intensity and character to the tone quality when the mouthpiece is played with an associated appropriate musical instrument the secondary reed includes on one end thereof a wedge-shaped member which alters the size of the tone chamber and, thereby, further changes the tone produced by the instrument.

Abstract: A sounding block for a drum including a block which is generally rectangular when viewed from a front side and curved when viewed from a top side and an attachment device for adjustably attaching the block to a periphery of a drum. The curvature of the block substantially corresponds to a curvature of a periphery of a drum to which the block is to be attached.

Abstract: Synthetic drumsticks for musical purposes and methods for making them. The present drumsticks are characterized by having a microcellular foamed structure. The preferred method comprises injection molding of thermoplastic materials that are saturated with gasses, particularly in their supercritical phase. The products of the injection molding process are drumsticks formed to final dimensions and ready for use. The foamed materials are preferably made from filled resins. The formation of micron-scale gas cells during the molding process yields formed drumsticks that are similar to woods or better, in feel and durability. The products of the invention further have advantages of durability, recycleability, exact matching of properties (reproducibility of manufacture), improved shock absorption, and “livelier” rebound from the drumhead thus preventing forearm fatigue in the user. The present drumsticks also provide a better/sharper “ring”, than wooden drumsticks, when used on cymbals.

Abstract: The characteristic value detection section detects a characteristic value concerning input musical data. The detected characteristic value is converted by a genre information determination section to genre information representing a genre of the contents of the input musical data. Based on the genre information, a parameter determination section determines an acoustic processing parameter which is used for adjusting the tone of the output from a acoustic processing section. In accordance with the acoustic processing parameter as determined, the acoustic processing section applies predetermined acoustic processing to the input musical data. The musical data having been subjected to the predetermined acoustic processing is reproduced by a reproduction section. Thus, the musical signal processing device makes it possible to obtain a tone which is adapted to the contents of the input musical data.

Abstract: A high-efficiency thermoelectric unicouple is used for power generation. The unicouple is formed with a plurality of legs, each leg formed of a plurality of segments. The legs are formed in a way that equalizes certain aspects of the different segments. Different materials are also described.

Abstract: A solar module containing thin-film solar cells positioned between two plates separated by a border seal at the external edge of the plates. The border seal includes an elastomeric spacer that contains a moisture-absorbing medium and is coated with an external peripheral adhesive bead.

Abstract: An electromagnetic shielding device includes a hollow shielding frame and an elongate resilient member. The shielding frame is made of metal, has an open bottom side, and confines a component-receiving space that is accessible from the open bottom side. The open bottom side of the shielding frame is adapted to be mounted on a circuit board such that an electronic component on the circuit board extends into the component-receiving space through the open bottom side. The resilient member is made of a heat-conductive material, is disposed in the component-receiving space, and has a contact portion adapted to contact the electronic component in the component-receiving space for dissipating heat generated by the electronic component, and at least one resilient arm portion for connecting the contact portion to the shielding frame.