Abstract: The present invention is a hand sanding apparatus designed to combine the best features of the prior art and improve upon their limitations by providing an efficient hand sanding tool that is versatile in design and implementation, practical for all applications of sanding.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a composition for polishing pad that is excellent in formability, abrasion resistance and small in temperature dependence of Young's modulus and a polishing pad therewith. The composition for polishing pad of the present invention comprises a water-insoluble matrix and a water-soluble particle dispersed in the water-insoluble matrix. The water-insoluble matrix contains a crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and/or a crosslinked 1,2-polybutadiene and each of these is contained by a prescribed amount against the total of the water-insoluble matrix.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel method and system for dehairing an animal, providing a system for recycling and safely disposing of chemical and biological wastes produced during such dehairing method. Included in such method are processes for handling sodium production in waste materials, reducing and handling production of H2S, removing sulfides from animal hides, safely disposing of sulfide waste, removing solids from the waste materials, and reducing water and reagent use and disposal.

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for cutting up the belly of a slaughtered animal, comprising a first means (2) for providing a cutting function in a cutting direction (SR), and a displacement element (5) applies a forces on a predetermined area of the outer surface of the belly of the animal and at a distance from the first means (2), said apparatus (1) further comprising a suspension element (40) to which the displacement element (5) is pivotally attached around an axis of rotation (28). With an apparatus as described in the present invention, there is achieved an axis of rotation (28) which forms an obtuse or an acute angle with the cutting direction (SR), and that the axis of rotation (28) forms the fulcrum for the rotation of the displacement element (5). There is hereby achieved an improved displacement of the skin and the penis.

Abstract: A safety system for a gas-operated apparatus for generating energy, in particular in a vehicle, includes at least one sensor for measuring the gas concentration. The sensor is preferably disposed in the passenger compartment of the vehicle. In the event of a dangerously high gas concentration, a fan and/or power window control is triggered via a control unit in such a way that the fastest possible air exchange in the passenger compartment of the vehicle results.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a device and a method for supplying conditioned air for heating and/or cooling to an aircraft. More specifically, the present invention provides a hose in a container and a retractor. The retractor may engage the hose and pull the hose from the container. The container may deliver the hose to the aircraft via the retractor. In addition, the retractor may also retract the hose into the container when the hose is not needed. Further, the retractor may be released from the hose and container, allowing the hose to be pulled manually from the container.

Abstract: Cooling equipment for an excavator, in which a longitudinal axis of a first portion of a delivery duct is substantially parallel to the axis of the excavator, while a longitudinal axis of a second portion of the delivery duct is substantially transverse with respect to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An air vent is provided that is capable of delivering a distributed divergent air flow with a predominant direction of flow that can be changed within a wide range of mutually perpendicular directions. In one embodiment, the air vent has an outlet grid that is generally ball shaped and that is rotatably mounted at an end of an air duct for rotation about its center. Each of the multiple outlet openings of the grid points to a direction that is different from pointing directions of all other outlet openings so that a divergent air flow is obtained. By rotating the ball shaped grid about its center, the predominant direction of air flow can nevertheless be changed in a within a wide range.

Abstract: Pentapost type air handling unit casing comprising panels arranged side by side and perpendicularly, and side profiles embodied between the perpendicular panels and middle profiles embodied between side by side panels whereby side profiles (2) comprises at least two joined partitions having a predetermined height and width difference with respect to cross-sections thereof and the middle profiles (3) having the same thickness with the side panels are provided with steps on two opposite directions around circumference of the middle profiles (3) and self-drilling screws located inside of plastic bushings (10) for connection of the panels and side, middle profiles and gasket (19) means for air leakage between casing and surroundings thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for interleaving bits of a digital signal representative of data and/or audio in a digital audio broadcasting system, the method comprising the step of: writing a plurality of bits of the digital signal to a matrix; and reading the bits from the matrix, wherein at least one of the writing and reading steps follows a non-sequential addressing scheme. Apparatus for transmitting the interleaved bits, and apparatus for receiving and deinterleaving the bits are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of providing a mobile phone broadcasting service using a cell broadcasting system (CBS) including (1) processing information in forms of voice, multimedia, text and image by an information providing system and transmitting the processed information to a mobile phone broadcasting system through an Internet network, (2) simultaneously transmitting the text and image information out of the information received from the mobile phone broadcasting system, a linked phone number connectable to an automatic response system (ARS) or a linked URI, connectable to a wireless Internet broadcasting server to a plurality of mobile phone terminals through a wireless network, and (3) when the linked phone number is selected in order to receive voice information out of the information individually received from the mobile phone terminals, the ARS providing the voice information to a mobile phone terminal for the selected phone number, or when the linked URI, is selected in order to receive multimedia infor

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an ad-hoc network for the wireless data transmission of synchronous and asynchronous messages. Said network consists of any number of randomly distributed network nodes, each having a receiver with an input controller, a switching station and a transmitter with an output controller. Transmission paths from a start node to a destination node, via intermediate nodes, are determined according to a routing method for the virtual connections that are to be transmitted. The nodes manage local address or control information, which is allocated to the virtual connections and transmitted to the preceding nodes of the transmission path. According to the invention, the transmitters and receivers of neighbouring nodes on a transmission path are synchronised using cyclically transmitted identifiers, whose intervals define a time frame.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for mobile communication utilizing load balancing. When a home agent (HA) consists of one or more servers with each server being assigned a Mobile IPv6 Home-Agents Anycast Address, a nearby router does not store the link-layer addresses with respect to the Anycast addresses of the servers in its neighbor cache. Consequently, load balancing between or among the servers could not be performed. To solve this problem, in one example, an HA is provided that comprises a representative HA and distributed HAs. The representative HA is assigned an Anycast Address. The representative HA includes a collecting device configured to collect HA lists and load information from the distributed HAs. The representative HA dynamically creates a HA list and sends the HA list to a mobile node (MN). The MN registers its current location with an HA from the HA list included in a Home Agent Address Discovery Reply message. The load on the HA can then be shared by the servers constituting the HA.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for operating a Bluetooth receiver. The method comprises sampling energy levels at selected frequencies within a frequency spectrum; comparing the sampled energy levels to an energy distribution pattern for a wideband signal; and identify a presence of the wideband signal if the sampled energy levels match the energy distribution pattern.

Abstract: An image printing system using a cellular phone with camera, which offers useful services for a user who possesses a cellular phone with camera but does not have means for easily printing out images taken by the cellular phone. The image printing system using a cellular phone with camera includes a means for connecting a cellular phone with camera to a portrait seal printing machine. Image data of an image taken by the cellular phone with camera is fed into the portrait seal printing machine, and the portrait seal printing machine produces and prints out portrait seals based on the image data.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for displaying positions of home network appliances capable of making a user easily recognize positions of home network appliances to control, the method includes generating an appliance identifier for indicating a type of each home network appliance connected to a home network; setting a position pointer for indicating a position of each home network appliance; and displaying the appliance identifier and the position pointer on a screen as graphic objects.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the invention, a method and apparatus are described for transmission link adaptation. In one embodiment of the invention, data is obtained regarding a quality of a transmitted signal. Data is obtained regarding available power for transmission. A transmission mode is selected based at least in part on the quality of the transmitted signal and on the available power for transmission.

Abstract: A transmitter (1) converts an input signal from a microphone (2) into a plural-bit digital signal by means of an A/D converter (4) at predetermined time intervals. An encoder (6) divides the digital signal into plural blocks and adds a parity bit to each block to thereby form a coded signal. A transmitting unit (8) modulates a carrier with the coded signal and transmits the modulated carrier through an antenna (10). A receiver (12) includes two tuning units (18A, 18B). Corresponding coded signals outputted from the tuning units (18A, 18B) are inputted to a decoder (20). The decoder (20) makes a parity check on respective blocks of the corresponding coded signals and selects and outputs an error-free one of the corresponding blocks of the corresponding coded signals.

Abstract: A transmitter (100) uses a low noise up mixer (112) so that no filter is needed at the output of the up mixer. A Cartesian feedback path (122) enhances the linearity of the transmitter, and provides a feedback signal that is subtracted from a baseband signal (118) that is generated by a baseband signal generator (120). The subtraction is performed by a combiner (116) and produces an amplified error signal (111). A gain control circuit (130) samples the baseband signal and the amplified error signal, and determines a ratio of these signal levels. The gain control circuit compares the present ratio value with a preferred ratio value, and adjusts the gain of the power amplifier (102) so as to keep the present ratio value substantially equal to the preferred ratio value.

Abstract: In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio for broadcast radio reception in a vehicle, the invention provides an arrangement (1) for digital reception of a signal (S), in particular of a broadcast radio signal, having two or more antennas (2) each of which has an associated receiver element (4), with the receiver elements (4) being connected via a data bus (6) to a central control unit (8) for synchronization and superimposition of antenna signals (S) which are emitted from the antennas (4).

Abstract: An electronic alignment system for a television signal tuner utilizes first and second controllers for generating respective first and second control signals for respective first and second signal processing circuits of a signal processing arrangement, with the first and second signal processing circuits having respective first and second tunable elements responsive to the respective first and second control signals. A deviation range of the first control signal is higher than a deviation range of the second control signal.

Abstract: A frequency management scheme for a hybrid cellular/GPS or other device generates a local clock signal for the communications portion of the device, using a crystal oscillator or other part. The oscillator output may be corrected by way of an automatic frequency control (AFC) circuit or software, to drive the frequency of that clock signal to a higher accuracy. Besides being delivered to the cellular or other communications portion of the hybrid device, the compensated clock signal may also be delivered to a comparator to measure the offset between the cellular oscillator and the GPS oscillator. The error in the cellular oscillator may be measured from the AFC operation in the cellular portion of the device. An undershoot or overshoot in the delta between the two oscillators may thus be deduced to be due to bias in the GPS oscillator, whose value may then be determined.

Abstract: Attenuation of received RF signals begins by determining signal strength of the received signal. The processing continues by determining whether the signal strength of the received signal exceeds a high power threshold. The high power threshold is set just below a power level at which the receiver would saturate (e.g., clip the received signals). Processing continues by enabling transmit mode of a transmit/receive switch while receiving the RF signal when the signal strength of the received signal exceeds the high power threshold. With the transmit/receive switch in the transmit mode while receiving an RF signal, the transmit/receive switch provides an attenuation of approximately 20 dBm.

Abstract: An AGC circuit includes both wide-band and narrow-band VGAs. Two power monitors monitor the power level of the two VGAs. Based upon the signals provided by the power monitors, the AGC circuit derives two error terms. The AGC circuit filters and combines the error terms to determine a desired adjustment to the total gain and a desired adjustment to the distribution of the gain between the wide-band VGA and the narrow-band VGA. The AGC circuit also minimizes the noise figure of the narrow-band VGA subject to linearity constraints.

Abstract: In order to improve the performance of a feed back comprising a loop filter in terms of loop selectivity, stability and robustness the loop filter is being provided with a slew rate limiter.

Abstract: A tunable filter circuit includes a first differential pair biased by a first current, a second differential pair biased by a second current, a first capacitor and a second capacitor. The tunable filter circuit of the present invention can be configured as a bandpass filter or a bandstop filter by connecting the input voltage signal to different input nodes of the tunable filter circuit. The tunable filter circuit can be tuned by adjusting the values of the first current and the second current. In an alternate embodiment, frequency tuning is achieved either by switching capacitive loads or changing resistive impedances introduced at the emitter of the differential pairs, which also extends the input voltage range of the filter. This emitter resistance is implemented using MOS switches whose on-resistance can be controlled for a precise tuning within a large frequency range.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a channel calibrator and a method of calibrating in-phase and quadrature phase channels for use with a quadrature mixing receiver. In one embodiment, the channel calibrator includes a balancer and an equalizer. The balancer reduces frequency dependent imbalance between an in-phase channel and a quadrature phase channel associated with the receiver. The equalizer decreases frequency independent mismatch between the in-phase channel and the quadrature phase channel.

Abstract: DC offset is estimated in a wireless receiver during a period when receive energy is blocked from reaching a mixer within the receiver. The estimated DC offset value may then be used to reduce DC offset within the wireless receiver when a receive signal is subsequently being processed.

Abstract: A mixer circuit is provided for receiving first and second input signals to be mixed and for producing a mixed output signal. The mixer circuit comprises a pair of switching transistors each of which having first, second and third terminals. The mixer circuit further comprises a single ended input connected to the first terminals of the pair of switching transistors, a local oscillator input connected to the second terminals of the pair of switching transistors for controlling the switching of the transistors, a serial capacitor connected in serial connection between the single ended input and the first terminals of the pair of switching transistors, a pair of output capacitors each of which being connected to a third terminal of the pair of switching transistors. Said third terminals of said pair of switching transistors forming an output port. The mixer circuit provides a mixer schematic with improved noise performance.

Abstract: A subharmonic mixer and a method of downconverting a received radio frequency signal is described. The subharmonic mixer of the present invention uses two stacks of switching cores with high order symmetry to reduce unwanted harmonic generation and uses transistors to improve headroom.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a rake receiver and a receiving method for efficiently assigning paths to fingers in a CDMA mobile communication system. In the present invention, a correlation-value calculation section 2 calculates correlation values between spreading codes and reception signals input from an input terminal 1, at all timings at which rake reception is possible, and outputs the calculated correlation values to a delayed-profile creation section 3 and a difference-history creation section 6. The delayed-profile creation section 3 determines average correlation values and issues the values as a delayed profile to a path selection section 4.

Abstract: A network facility includes an interface device coupled between a processor member and a network device which has an integrated circuit coupled between an antenna and the interface device. The interface device has a chip selecting member coupled to the integrated circuit for accessing to the integrated circuit, and a reading and a writing control members coupled to the integrated circuit for reading and writing between the integrated circuit and the processor member. The interface device may have a waiting or a reset or an interrupting member coupled to the integrated circuit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus allow use condition determination in a wireless device. A wireless interface is coupled to a processor configured to input subscriber rate plan parameters associated with a service provider. Rate plan parameters include data associated with peak time charges. Rate plan parameters are compared with current parameters to determine if peak time charges are in effect. An indication that the peak time charges are in effect is then generated.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of operating a lost mobile communication device. A lost mobile communication device message can be received at the receiver of the mobile communication device. Operation of specified functions of the mobile communication device can be suspended based on information in the lost mobile communication device message. Lost mobile communication device status information can then be displayed on the display of the mobile communication device.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting and preventing fraudulent usage or activity with a mobile and/or landline telephone network. The system determines whether the call is authorized by comparing customer specific data and call data to a set of usage rules. A call data report is generated for completed calls and analyzed to determine fraud patterns, wherein the usage rules are updated based on the identified fraud patterns.

Abstract: A wireless communication terminal, comprising: a software defined radio having a first wireless unit which transfers a wireless signal, a signal processor including a reconfigurable unit which can change signal processing contents of the wireless signal transferred by the first wireless unit, a signal processing controller which controls reconfiguration of the signal processing contents for the reconfigurable unit, and a first controller which controls the signal processor and the signal processing controller; a cellular type wireless equipment having a second wireless unit which transfers the wireless signal by a cellular method, and a second controller which controls the second wireless unit; and a control signal line which transfers a control signal necessary for establishment of communication between the first and second controllers.

Abstract: A method and system wherein handover information is broadcast in a wireless local area network. Handover information is broadcast in a beacon frame thereby allowing WTRUs operating in a wireless area network to handover to available alternative systems as desired. WTRUs may read the beacon frame and obtain appropriate information for handing over to alternative systems having coverage areas that overlap that of the wireless local area network. The alternative systems may be any type of wireless system and the wireless local area network may be any type of wireless area network.

Abstract: A method of selecting a communication system is disclosed. The method includes receiving at least a quality indicator for a channel; scanning any channels on a channel scan list in response to at least the quality indicator of the channel being below a predetermined threshold value; and acquiring another channel from the channel scan list in response to the other channel having at least the quality indicator greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: In identifying base stations in cellular telecommunication, system information is normally sent out on the Broadcast Control Channel, BCCH, taking up the first time slot (B) of a TDMA frame. In case of interference from other base station transmitting on the same frequency or when neighbouring base station use the same identity code, BSIC, another BCCH (b) is transmitted on another time slot. The double BCCH, according to the invention, makes it possible to identify base stations, for example suitable as handover candidates in urban environments, even if they have sent their regular control information on the same frequency or with the same BSIC.

Abstract: In a configuration provided with routers 118-126and gateway device 130 connected above edge routers 102-116 provided in respective base stations in a hierarchical structure and configured to perform relaying of data to the base stations, a router 126 is specified as a relay router, which is a COR closer to a radio terminal unit out of CORs where all paths from an edge router 104 before movement of the radio terminal unit 100 and from each of all edge routers 102, 106 as destination candidates to CN 132 of a communication correspondent intersect. This makes it feasible to readily decrease the handover transaction time.

Abstract: A method for handover a mobile unit from a first base station to a second base station in a wireless communication systems employing smart antenna technology. Following trigger events of a handover, the mobile station generates a physical signal sounding pulse transmitted by an isotropic antenna. The sounding pulse may consist of a common sequence of symbols or a specific sequence of symbols that uniquely identifies the mobile station. A series of sounding pulses can be sent according to a power ramping procedure until a base station has focused a communications beam toward the mobile. Receiving base stations provide feedback information upon detection of the sounding pulse allowing the mobile unit and/or base station to form communication beams toward each other. A mapping protocol may also be utilized by the communication system.

Abstract: An exemplary method and apparatus provide improved dormant handoff of mobile stations having multiple packet data service instances. Each time a dormant IS-2000 mobile station undergoes a packet data mobility event it sends a dormant handoff request to the supporting network for each packet data service instance associated with it. If the mobile station does not have a traffic channel already assigned to it, each dormant handoff request are sent over common access channels. By recognizing that a given mobile station is re-registering multiple service instances for the same mobility event, the network can avoid excess common channel signaling by assigning a traffic channel to the mobile station responsive to receiving the dormant handoff request for its first service instance. Such an assignment causes the mobile station to send dormant handoff requests for any remaining service instances over the assigned traffic channel rather than over the common access channel.

Abstract: A Sender-Address-Based Telecommunications Operator Call-back System and Method is disclosed. Unlike the prior systems, the present invention eliminates the use of a direct inward dialing telephone number. The system recognizes a triggering email or SMS message and associates the message to a particular authorized user. Once authorized, the system places a call to the caller and then places a call to the called person. The triggering email or SMS message only requires minimal special formatting, such as containing the sender's registered email address in the “from” field and the called number in the “subject” field. The system may permit third party persons to be authorized to make collect calls to the account holder on the account holder's account. The system may further provide the user with periodic account balance updates both manually and automatically as calls are being made.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for frequency re-use in a wireless communication system. More particularly, the inventive system and method provides for maximum coverage of a service area with a pattern of cells each having a sectorized hub antenna pattern where only a limited number of communication channels are available.

Abstract: There is disclosed a technique for estimating a power change, particularly a power increase, in a communication system caused by a change in the load in teh system. The technique particularly relates to a mobile communication system.

Abstract: A wireless information processing system has a wireless information processing apparatus and a wireless information recording medium. The apparatus has a first signal generator generating a first signal requesting the recording medium to set a command slot, a second signal generator generating a second signal requesting the recording medium to transmit a identification information, a third signal generator generating a third signal requesting the recording medium to set a time slot, and a receiver receiving a response signal from the recording medium. The recording medium has a receiver receiving the first to third signals, a command slot setup unit setting the command slot, an accumulation unit accumulating a number of receiving times of the second signal, a transmitter transmitting the response signal at a response time interval defined by the time slot, and a time slot setup unit setting the time slot.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a telecommunication system having a first component for providing of a dedicated channel for each one of the plurality of user equipments, a second component for assigning a carrier frequency of a set of at least first and second carrier frequencies to each one of the dedicated channels, a third component for providing of a code-multiplexed shared channel for the plurality of user equipments, a fourth component for sending of one of the first signals to one of the plurality of user equipments on the dedicated channel of that user equipment on the assigned carrier frequency by applying a transmit diversity scheme and a fifth component for sending of one of the second signals to one of the plurality of user equipments on the code-multiplexed shared channel on the carrier frequency being assigned to that user equipment by applying a multi-user diversity scheme.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of sending first and second signals to a plurality of user equipments, the method comprising the steps of providing of a dedicated channel for each one of the plurality of user equipments, providing of a code-multiplexed shared channel for the plurality of user equipments, assigning of an antenna of a set of antennas to each one of the user equipments, sending of one of the first signals to one of the plurality of user equipments on one of the dedicated channels on a carrier frequency by applying transmit diversity, sending of one of the second signals to one of the plurality of user equipments on the code-multiplexed shared channel on the carrier frequency by applying multi-user diversity.

Abstract: A point to multipoint wireless communication system includes an access point having an antenna, a processor, and circuitry in communication with the access point antenna and controlled by the access point processor to transmit wireless electromagnetic signals to, and receive wireless electromagnetic signals from, an area. A plurality of subscriber units disposed within the area each has an antenna, a processor and circuitry controlled by the subscriber unit processor to transmit wireless electromagnetic signals to, and receive wireless electromagnetic signals from, the access point. The access point allocates data bandwidth among the subscriber units based at least in part on the subscriber units' past use of data bandwidth.

Abstract: A method for localizing a mobile station, which in one embodiment is characterized by: logging one or more wireless channels which belong to one or more network providers other than the mobile station's home network provider and which substantially currently provide communication with one or more discernable base stations; and establishing a geographic position of the mobile station by use of the one or more wireless channels which belong to the one or more network providers other than the mobile station's home network provider.