Abstract: A practical-purpose structure of an active-matrix display device digitally driven with vertical scanning being multiplexed includes a vertical driver having sequential circuits and logic circuits provided on a bit-by-bit basis and arranged for adding sequentially products of outputs of the sequential circuit/logic circuit and a control signal for dividing a horizontal scanning period, and a horizontal driver having line latches provided on a bit-by-bit basis and arranged for adding sequentially products of outputs of the line latches and the control signal for dividing the horizontal scanning period. Enhanced luminance of display, manufacturing at low cost and high image quality can be realized with a reasonable wiring density.

Abstract: There is provided a display driver incorporating a RAM in which a plurality of memory cells having a three-port configuration can be provided within an interval of output electrodes thereof, and a display unit and an electronic apparatus utilizing the same. The memory cells include a flip-flop comprised of first and second inverters. A first node of the flip-flop is connected to a CPU bit line and an RGB bit line through an N-type MOS transistor. A P-type MOS transistor and an N-type MOS transistor are connected to a second node of the flip-flop. The N-type MOS transistor is connected to a ground potential level at the source terminal thereof. A set signal for each pixel is supplied to the gate terminal of only the flip-flop associated with the pixel to be written, and the set signal sets the second node at the ground potential level.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for calibration of each individual driver channel in a multichannel driver circuit for a spatial light modulator used in an image display apparatus. A separate calibration sequence is initiated in which, for each positive and negative half-cycle of the driver circuit, a ramped voltage, applied as the drive circuit voltage (18), is compared against a standard black-video drive voltage. When the ramped voltage equals the standard drive voltage, calibration for this half-cycle is complete and a digital value corresponding to a correction component of the ramped voltage is stored in memory (40). The process is duplicated for each positive and negative half-cycle of the drive voltage signal (18). For gain calibration, a ramped voltage is applied as the drive circuit voltage 18 and compared against a standard white-video signal level.

Abstract: A contrast control circuit for a display apparatus includes first and second resistors, a first transistor, a second transistor, and a Darlington circuit. The first and second resistors, each have a first end connected to a positive supply voltage. The first transistor has an emitter connected to a second end of the first resistor and a base to which the first voltage is input. The second transistor has an emitter connected to the second end of the first resistor, a base connected to the second end of the second resistor, and a collector connected to a negative supply voltage. The Darlington circuit is connected between the second voltage, the collector of the first transistor, and the negative supply voltage, and operates such that the absolute value of the second voltage is inversely proportional to the absolute value of the first voltage.

Abstract: An image signal processing apparatus has a clock generation circuit for generating a clock which is phase-synchronized with an input image signal, a sampling circuit for sampling the input image signal in response to the clock, a comparator circuit for comparing a plurality of samples output from the sampling circuit with each other, and a control circuit for controlling a phase of the clock by controlling the clock generating circuit in accordance with a comparison result by the compartor circuit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for distributing and displaying maps is disclosed. The method involves delivery of maps that are not dynamically generated. The area serviced by a map server is divided into fixed zones for which there are static map tiles. When a map is requested by a user, the location of interest is sent to the server by the user via the users client. The server determines which of a plurality of preexisting map tiles contained the location of interest submitted by the client. A central map tile, from this plurality of preexisting maps, containing the location of interest is sent to the client from the map server. The server may also send preexisting map tiles of the zones immediately adjacent to the zone represented in the central map tile. The server may also support a “mini-map” to facilitate user panning of the “greater area”, and points of interest, including multi-media descriptions of the points of interest.

Abstract: A computer graphics system generates a three-dimensional model of an object in an interactive manner under control of an operator. An initial model for the object to be modeled is displayed to the operator as illuminated from a particular illumination direction and projected onto an image plane. The operator can update shading of a pixel on the image plane, and, based on the updated shading, the computer graphics system generates an updated normal vector for the updated pixel, which identifies the normal of the surface of the object projected onto the updated pixel. Using the updated normal vector field and a height field, which represents the height of the respective portion of the object as projected onto the respective pixels of the image plane, the computer graphics system generates an updated height value for the updated pixel, thereby to update the height field.

Abstract: A method in an imaging system organizes and compresses into segments of limited size the image collection needed for the application of image based rendering to walkthroughs of large objects. For views from a limited range of positions only a corresponding limited segment of data needs to be transmitted, decompressed, and processed. A savings is thereby obtained in the startup time and memory required for execution of a walkthrough.

Abstract: Images can be replayed from various viewpoints when games of various genres are replayed. When a game is replayed, a memory control unit holds only a certain replayable region with respect to a present camera viewpoint position successively in a RAM. If there is an instruction from a manual controller while the game is being replayed, a camera viewpoint moving unit moves the camera viewpoint position of a hypothetical camera on a given path corresponding to the instruction among a plurality of predetermined paths in the replayable region. The instruction from the manual controller can be entered interactively when the game is replayed.

Abstract: A system and process for replacing unwanted geometry (for example, tracking markers) in a recorded scene with new geometry. A 3-D matchmove process creates a 3-D map. The 3-D map is used to determine the 3-D coordinates of objects within the recorded scene. The 3-D coordinates of the tracking markers (and/or other objects) and the replacement portions are converted by a conversion means to 2D screen space coordinates of pixels that make up both the tracking markers (and/or other objects) and the replacement portions. A list comprising the 2D screen space pixel coordinates is then exported from the conversion means into a compositing application which reads the list of 2D pixel coordinates and makes the desired replacement automatically from frame-to-frame. Tracking markers (and/or other unwanted objects) are replaced with replacement portions with suitable characteristics.

Abstract: Apparatus (1200, 1300) and accompanying methods to visualize and calculate, by direct visual measurement and interpolation, polarized light, in the form of sphere (observable polarization sphere—OPS) along with its associated spherical coordinate system consisting of latitudes and longitudes, which maps transformation of the state(s) of polarization (SOP) of an optical beam that propagates through either a single optical device (generally a “media”) or a series of optical devices (mediums), e.g., phase shifters (waveplates, compensators), attenuators (polarizers), and field rotators. The OPS can be used to calculate and display phase shifting of the polarization state of an optical beam as it propagates through each such polarizing media. The OPS describes the behavior of a rotated ideal linear polarizer on a propagating polarized optical beam, as well as polarized light in many regions of the electro-magnetic spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus to map first graphics pins into second graphics pins. A first plurality of data and command pins corresponding to data and command signals in a first graphics mode is mapped into a second plurality of data and command pins corresponding to data and command signals in a second graphics mode. The first and second graphics modes are supported by a first chipset. The second graphics mode is supported by a second chipset. A detector pin strappable to a logic level to indicate an external graphics card is used in the first graphics mode is mapped into a first pin corresponding to a first signal of the second graphics mode. The first signal is ignored by the second chipset during initialization.

Abstract: Memory is allocated for use by a graphics processor. Available portions of system memory are identified by requesting an amount of system memory from an operating system and receiving locations of the available portions from the operating system. Those available portions are then allocated for use by the graphics processor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mechanism for implementing z-compression in a manner that is transparent to the user. Blocks of z-data are associated with storage locations in a z-data buffer in cleared, compressed, or uncompressed data states. Operations to the z-data buffer are monitored for selected operations. These operations may include clear or lock operations. If a selected operation is detected, a modified version of the selected operation is implemented to mask differences between the storage states of the data blocks.

Abstract: A system and method for selecting a cartographically-preferred label position from a plurality of potential label positions for a feature on a computer-generated map. The mechanism analyzes each pixel within each potential label position to determine the presence of a colliding label or a colliding feature, and calculates a total penalty for each potential label position. Then, based on the several total penalties, the mechanism determines which of the potential label positions is the cartographically-preferable label position and places the label in that label position.

Abstract: A system interactively edits a graphics object. The system includes a user interface for setting editing parameters, and providing a model of the graphics object. An adaptively sample distance field is generated from the model, and an interactive editor manipulates the adaptively sampled distance field. The manipulated adaptively sampled distance field is then converted to rendering primitives to be rendered by a rendering engine.

Abstract: A system and associated method are provided for processing pixel data in a graphics pipeline. Included is a triangle module coupled to a rasterizer for calculating a plurality of equations using pixel data received from the rasterizer. Also provided is a shader core module coupled to the rasterizer for receiving the pixel data therefrom. The shader core module is further coupled to the triangle module for receiving the equations therefrom. The shader core module functions to execute floating point calculations and generating texture coordinates using the pixel data. Coupled to the shader core module is a texture module. The texture module is capable of looking up texture values using the texture coordinates. Associated therewith is a shader back end module coupled to the texture module and the triangle module. The shader back end module is capable of converting the texture values to an appropriate floating point representation and generating color values using the equations.

Abstract: A system, method and article of manufacture are provided for anisotropic filtering during texture sampling. A description of a region, e.g. pixel footprint in a source image, to be texture sampled is initially received. Thereafter, the region is subdivided based on the description into a plurality of samples with a predetermined shape for mapping textures onto the samples. By subdividing the region in the source image into a plurality of samples having a predetermined shape, the region may be covered by samples that may be configured to be more suitable for an underlying process such as MIP mapping, thus allowing efficient texture sampling while reducing blurring, aliasing and other visual artifacts.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for allocating correlated data sets, such as texture data, among first and second areas of memory in a computer graphics system. Each texture map in a series of texture maps is divided into a set of blocks of data. Each texture map that has a width greater than one block is divided into first and second map areas. Typically, the first and second map areas are the left and right halves of each texture map. Blocks of data from the first map areas of odd level texture maps are stored in the first memory area, blocks of data from the second map areas of even level texture maps are stored in the first memory area, blocks of data from the second map areas of odd level texture maps are stored in the second memory area and blocks of data from the first map areas of even level texture maps are stored in the second memory area. The blocks of data representing each texture map in the series of texture maps are stored in consecutive blocks of memory.

Abstract: An image is processed by detecting pixel-to-pixel variations in brightness level, generating high spatial frequency information related to the variations, setting interpolation points with a spacing that varies according to the high spatial frequency information, and generating new pixels by interpolation at the interpolation points. By increasing the zoom ratio in one part and reducing the zoom in another part of each edge in a continuous manner, this method can mitigate edge degradation when an image is enlarged or reduced, without introducing discontinuities or other image artifacts. It also provides a convenient way to adjust edge sharpness in an image.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture for enabling keyboard accelerators in software applications implemented via a browser application are disclosed herein. Keyboard accelerators are enabled by intercepting keyboard data before it can be utilized by the browser application for its own purposes, such as initiation of a keyboard accelerator native to the browser application. The intercepted keyboard data is evaluated to determine whether it corresponds to a defined remote application keyboard accelerator, and if so, then a remote application function module is called to implement the feature mapped to the particular identified keyboard accelerator. The keyboard data may then be removed from an event queue or otherwise deleted such that the browser application continues to be executed without reference thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides a human-computer interface. The interface includes provision of an application domain, for example corresponding to a three-dimensional application. The user is allowed to navigate and interact with the application domain. The interface also includes a personal domain, offering the user controls and interaction distinct from the application domain. The separation into two domains allows the most suitable interface methods in each: for example, three-dimensional navigation in the application domain, and two- or three-dimensional controls in the personal domain. Transitions between the application domain and the personal domain are under control of the user, and the transition method is substantially independent of the navigation in the application domain. For example, the user can fly through a three-dimensional application domain, and always move to the personal domain by moving a cursor near one extreme of the display.

Abstract: User instruction on a computer system involves performing an interactive example and providing, in synchronization with the interactive example, explanatory information corresponding to the example. The explanatory information presented explains what most recently occurred in the interactive example and is updated automatically to correspond with the current state of the interactive example.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a method of identifying computer programs existing within a graphical user interface. This method of identifying programs also can include steps to organize the interface by deleting the redundant and resource-consuming shortcuts that relate to the identified programs. The invention also includes a method of launching identified programs based on the identifiers created according to the first method. To execute these methods, the invention also encompasses a computer application capable of executing each of the above-described methods.

Abstract: A computerized method of presenting information from a variety of sources on a display device. Specifically the present invention describes a graphical user interface for organizing the simultaneous display of information from a multitude of information sources. In particular, the present invention comprises a graphical user interface which organizes content from a variety of information sources into a grid of tiles, each of which can refresh its content independently of the others. The grid functionality manages the refresh rates of the multiple information sources. The present invention is intended to operate in a platform independent manner.

Abstract: A method for determining an up time of a multi-component tool having discrete elements, where the up time determination is based upon different processes that are to be accomplished in the multi-component tool. The discrete elements of the multi-component tool and the different processes to be accomplished in the multi-component tool are identified. Different tool states for the multi-component tool are determined by setting element states for each of the discrete elements of the multi-component tool. A first possible element state indicates that the discrete element is functional, and a second possible element state indicates that the discrete element is nonfunctional. Possible combinations of the element states of the discrete elements are identified as the different tool states of the multi-component tool.

Abstract: A system, method, and medium for enhancing a GUI and viewing environment for a computer user is disclosed. Enabling a user to fully navigate and operate a computer through the use of a remote control device, the present invention includes at least a PC mode of operation and a theater mode of operation, wherein the theater mode is designed for distance use with the remote device. While operating in theater mode, received function key signals are interpreted by the computer system to operate various functions which have been modified to accommodate remote viewing and control. To enable the remote device to fully control the applications executable on the computer, the disclosed process notifies the various applications of the current operating mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus which gives a user of a client computer greater control over a web browser by providing a web browser start indicator. The web browser start indicator controls the redirection capabilities of a web browser so that the user is not directed to another web site without the user's permission when closing a web browsing session or when returning to a previously viewed web site. Preferably, the present invention is embodied as a computer program product, for example a web browser and a web browser language such as JavaScript®, stored on a program storage device. Greater privacy and control is provided to users over current and subsequent browsing sessions.

Abstract: A method and a software program running on a server computer coupled to a network, such as the internet, includes a three-dimensional (3D) viewing environment generating module. When a resource locator identifying a requested hypermedia resource, probably input by a pc user logged onto the network, is received from the network by a server computer, the 3D viewing environment generating module generates a 3D viewing environment corresponding to and preferably including the requested hypermedia resource. The 3D viewing environment is sent over the network to the user's pc enabling the user to view the requested hypermedia resource in an overlay 3D viewing environment, probably already running on the user's pc. A software program also provides instructions for a computer running a 3D browser to provide a viewing environment in a 3D space having one or more displays including a conventional hypermedia resource identifiable by a conventional resource locator.

Abstract: A command line interface for a data processing system includes an output facility that displays outputs to an operator, a parser that validates inputs entered a command line, a command processor that processes commands validated by the parser. The command line interface preferably supports a prompt mode in which the output facility displays an editable prompt that may be modified by the user to construct a command. In addition, the parser preferably defines separate validation and execution point inputs including at least one validation-only point input, so that inputs are permitted to span multiple input lines and so that atomic sets of commands can be constructed by entering multiple commands on a single input line.

Abstract: A tree-based graphical user interface (GUI) creates and edits command sequences. The GUI simultaneously displays a tree structure and a list. The tree includes a sequence, which is the root node of the tree, at least one step branching from the sequence node, at least one device branching from each step node, and at least one command branching from each device node. When a step node of the tree is selected, the list displays devices that can be added to the step node. When a device node is selected, the list displays commands that can be added to the step. Items can be added or removed from the selected node. The steps, devices, and commands can be configured by selecting the corresponding node in the tree, and by selecting appropriate options on the screens. Operations can be performed absent knowledge of the underlying code and command sequences.

Abstract: A multicolor image forming apparatus comprises a first image forming unit, and a second image forming unit, having respectively an image forming member, an intermediate transfer member, and a secondary transfer section for transferring the toner image from the intermediate transfer member onto a recording material, wherein there are provided a priority mode setting section for setting a multicolor priority mode or a monochrome priority mode, and a controller to control in such a way that in an idling condition and in a waiting condition, when the multicolor priority mode is set, all of the image forming members are in press-contact with the intermediate transfer member, and when the monochrome priority mode is set, only the image forming member of the first image forming unit is in press-contact with the intermediate transfer member.

Abstract: A printer and method of generating hard copy comprising only one ejection step from either a thermal printing mechanism using one print head or a thermal printing mechanism using first and second thermal printing heads. The thermal printing mechanism with one printing head operates bilaterally. Alternatively, the thermal printing mechanism simultaneously operates dual thermal printing heads with only one ejection for release of a thermally sensitive hard copy output media.

Abstract: A thermal printer is adapted to prevent crease formation in a dye transfer area of a dye donor web that can cause line artifacts to be printed on a dye receiver during a dye transfer from the dye transfer area to the dye receiver in a dye transfer printer.

Abstract: Correcting pixel inaccuracies in a writing device having a linear array elements wherein a mechanism to control temperature within a predetermined portion of the writing device is used to correct placement inaccuracies by first determining the inaccuracies with respect to a centering element reference point, and then adjusting the temperature within the predetermined portion of the writing device.

Abstract: An imaging device array of the present invention effectively reduces the influence of ghost light and flare light. An optical writing unit using the imaging device array and an image forming apparatus using the optical writing unit are also disclosed.

Abstract: An image quality on a recording material is influenced by, for example, the sensitivity of a developer for use in developing the recording material. Compensating for the lowering of the sensitivity of the developer requires increasing the amount of emission of a laser beam. However, there is a difference in the amount of change between dimensions, in a main scanning direction and in a sub-scanning direction, of a dot blackened depending on the increase in the amount of emission of the laser beam. Increasing or decreasing the time duration of emission of the laser beam by a predetermined amount achieves adjustment of the dimension of the dot in the main scanning direction.

Abstract: An Image Transceiving Telephone with Integrated Digital Camera (ITTDC) for simultaneous transceiving of real-time audio and non-real time image through a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is disclosed. The ITTDC includes an integrated telephone front end, a PSTN access device, an audio CODEC, an image input device, an image CODEC, an image display device, a local storage for an embedded system control software and associated control and operating parameters and data, an optional local electronic interface, a user-control and a system control including the embedded system control software. The control software further includes an audio sampling and processing means, an image capturing and processing means and a process priority control means allocating, via a real-time audio but non-real time image transfer protocol control, a highest priority to tasks for audio information processing whereas a lower priority to tasks for image information processing.

Abstract: A view morphing algorithm is applied to synchronous collections of video images from at least two video imaging devices, and interpolating between the images, creates a composite image view of the local participant. This composite image approximates what might be seen from a point between the video imaging devices, presenting the image to other video session participants.

Abstract: An electronic endoscope of the present invention includes a video-scope, video-processor, a light source, a luminance value calculator, a light-adjuster, and a determiner. The luminance value calculator successively calculates a luminance value indicating brightness of the object image, on the basis of said image-pixel signals. The light-adjuster adjusts a quantity of light radiating from the distal end of the video-scope on the basis of a difference between the luminance value and a reference value indicating a proper brightness of the object image at regular-time-intervals, such that the brightness of said object image displayed on the monitor is maintained at a constant level. The determiner determines whether halation occurs on the object image displayed on the monitor, on the basis of the luminance value. The light-adjuster includes a light-reducer.

Abstract: The invention provides an automated microscope system, a computer program product in a computer readable medium and a method for acquiring images at substantially the maximum acquisition rate of a camera while and as devices external to the camera, which vary various parameters of the acquired images, operate asynchronously with the camera so as to allow the acquired images to be displayed as a sequence that shows continuous variation in the acquisition parameters.

Abstract: A lamp, a film guide, and a photosensitive detector are combined into an optical system contained in a portable device that generates electrical signals representing images recorded on motion picture film. The film guide has a surface proximate to the motion picture with an aperture therein through which light from the lamp passes to image the film on the photosensitive detector. A digital processor, which is electrically connected to the photosensitive detector processes an electronic signal output by the photosensitive detector. To provide compactness, the optical system has a folded path comprising three segments each separately mounted on a different surface. The first segment includes the lamp, the second includes the film guide, and the third includes the photosensitive detector. An optical detector positioned so as to receive light from the lamp enables adjusting the device when the device is moved to a location where the temperature and other environmental conditions change.

Abstract: A video surveillance system for monitoring an area is made up of a stationary pilot camera for monitoring the area and one or more moveable slave cameras for monitoring at least part of the area. Each slave camera is allocated to part of the area being monitored. The pilot camera produces a signal representative of the area. The location of a moving object in the area monitored by the pilot camera is determined. A signal is produced representing the location of the object. The slave cameras track the object based on the signal representing the location of the object. The pilot camera is provided with a fisheye lens and thus has a field of view wider than that of the slave cameras. The area being monitored is divided into cartesian, polar or spherical coordinates thereby enabling a microcomputer to instruct the slave camera to follow the object. The signal representative of the area is compressed and transmitted over a communications channel for remote monitoring.

Abstract: In a method for automatically selecting color calibrations for digital color image recording, especially for digital photography or digital video recording in any lighting conditions, at least one color calibration is produced and stored by recording a calibrated color table. The color calibration which best resembles the color cast of a color image is selected on the basis of the correlation between the color cast parameters of the color image which is being recorded and the respective color calibration. In the event that no matching color calibration is found by comparing the color cast parameters, a standard color calibration is selected.

Abstract: A video camera system capable of matching colors between configured video cameras by effectively reducing color differences therebetween. A red, a green and a blue signal from imaging devices are amplified by preamplifiers and video amplifiers before being fed to a color matching circuit. The color matching circuit performs color matching in accordance with the levels of the red, green and blue signals using variables of gains and DC offset values. The gains and DC offset values are determined by the color matching circuit executing predetermined operation expressions. With a plurality of colors imaged in advance by the video cameras to be matched in color with a reference video camera, necessary coefficients of the operation expressions are obtained by use of the level measurements (tristimulus values) of the red, green and blue signals from an integrating circuit of each camera.

Abstract: A digital camera which is capable of printing instantly after photographing and is easy to be carried and handled and inexpensive is disclosed. A print unit A for allowing a latent image to be formed on a print paper on which a photosensitive type microcapsule has been coated by optically scanning on the basis of an image signal and applying a mechanical pressure to the print paper and developing it, and a display image pickup unit B having a semiconductor image pickup device 32 for converting a video image of a photographing object into digital image signals and a solid state image display 33 for displaying the object are constructed. A flash memory card interface 29 is provided for the display image pickup unit B and a flash memory interface is provided for the print unit A. The display image pickup unit B is controlled by a control unit including a CPU 11 in the print unit A.

Abstract: Solid state image sensor suitable for enhancing sensitivity of charge coupled devices (CCDs) using phase shift of light, and method for fabricating the same, the solid state image sensor including a plurality of photodiodes for generating image charges from incident lights, a plurality of charge coupled devices provided between the photodiodes for transmitting the image charges in one direction, a first flat layer formed on an entire surface of the photodiodes and the charge coupled devices, a plurality of color filter layers formed on the first flat layer to be in correspondence to the photodiodes, a plurality of black layers formed on the first flat layer between the color filter layers, a plurality of phase shift layers selectively formed on the color filter layers to be in correspondence to the photodiodes alternately, a second flat layer formed on an entire surface including the phase shift layers, and a plurality of microlenses formed on the second flat layer to be in correspondence to the photodiodes.

Abstract: A new kind of pixel is formed of two floating diffusions of different sizes and different conductivity type. The two floating diffusions have different image characteristics, and hence form a knee-shaped slope.

Abstract: A camera having a removable image bearing medium and an electronic charging unit for providing a source of high voltage, includes a display on the removable image bearing medium. The camera selectively couples such high voltage to the display, the display including material which is effective in a first condition in response to a selectively applied high voltage for changing the condition of the material to display an image and effective in a second condition for preventing the display of the image, the material being selected so that after displaying the image such material continues to display the image after the removal of the applied high voltage. The camera further causes the high voltage in the charging unit to be applied to the display for causing the material to be effective in the first condition to produce the image and for removing the applied high voltage so that the material continues to display the image.

Abstract: This invention discloses a shutter and lens apparatus including a lens housing for receiving a multi-function support. The multi-function support includes a lens seat fitting with a lens and two solenoid valves attached on its bottom. A shutter slice and a diaphragm are mounted on the top surface of multi-function support, and pivot around a shaft projected thereon. Two movable rods of the solenoid valves are coupled with the shutter slice and diaphragm to drive them passing a light path, an axis through the lens, for controlling time and quantities of light projected through the lens. A housing cover encases the lens, the multi-function support, and a spring into the lens housing.