Abstract: In a generator with indirect cooling, the stator has a core 12 comprising mutually spaced packets of core laminations, radial ducts 11 being defined between the packets for the passage of gaseous coolant between the inner and outer peripheries of the core. The core 12 has axial slots 18 which accommodate armature bars 16, 17. The stator incorporates baffles 19 arranged in such a manner that gaseous coolant flowing radially in a radial duct 11a from one periphery of the core enters a slot 18 adjacent the duct 11a and flows in a direction along the slot 18 before entering one of the radial ducts, in which it flows radially toward the other periphery of the core. Accordingly, heat from the bars 16, 17 primarily passes directly into the flowing gaseous coolant. The radial flow may be either inwards (as shown) or outwards.

Abstract: Gaseous coolant, preferably helium, flows from coolers 12 past the winding overhangs 7 of the stator 3, then through cooling channels in the rotor 1, then into the rotor/stator gap 4, then through cooling ducts in the stator core 6 into a coolant receiving region 11, and then through the coolers 12. The coolant flow is preferably caused solely by the rotor auto-ventilation effect.

Abstract: A cooling system for a sealed permanent magnet generator is disclosed that has a rotor shaft that is hollow. Permanent magnets mount on the exterior of the hollow rotor shaft. The rotor shaft has a pressed aluminum tube in various configuration on the inside bore with an end-mounted fan. The aluminum tube acts as a heat sink to draw the heat generated by the magnets through the rotor shaft and aluminum tube. The fan draws cooling air through the hollow bore of the rotor shaft thus cooling the magnets and forces the heated air through passages on the exterior of the stator housing. Because the airflow is not in contact with the electrical portions of the generator the cooling system will perform in dusty, wet and explosive environments. In another configuration a refrigeration compressor installed in the rotor shaft bore cools the rotor shaft and the fan cools the stator passages.

Abstract: A magneto-generator, a method of manufacturing the same and a resin molding die for manufacturing the same. In the magneto-generator, a guard ring is omitted with the performance of the magneto-generator being enhanced. The magneto-generator is manufactured by making use of a resin molding die (21) having an outer peripheral surface (21d) to be positioned in opposition to an inner peripheral surface of a flywheel (11) and projections (21a) provided in the outer peripheral surface (21d) for holding a plurality of magnets (12) at predetermined positions, respectively. The magnets (12) are positioned and held stationarily at predetermined positions by the aforementioned projections, respectively, and spaces defined between the resin molding die (21) and the inner peripheral surface of the flywheel (11) are filled with a resin. After hardening of the resin, the resin molding die (21) is detached from the flywheel (11).

Abstract: An integrated motor and clutch assembly is provided, which includes a housing that rotatably supports an input shaft and an output shaft. A selectively engageable friction clutch is disposed between the input shaft and the output shaft for transferring torque therebetween. The friction clutch includes an outer hub connected for rotation with the output shaft. The integrated motor and clutch assembly also includes a motor having a rotor non-rotatably connected to the outer hub of the friction clutch and disposed coaxial with the input and output shafts. The motor also includes a stator secured to the housing and disposed concentric with the rotor.

Abstract: In order to reduce the number of parts and decrease the thickness of each part, while still obtaining a sufficient strength, with a simple structure, an eccentric rotor R in which an axial-air-gap magnet 8 and an arched weight 9 are provided in a rotor yoke 6 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 2 fixed to a yoke bracket 1, and a stator base 3 is attached as an auxiliary component to the yoke bracket comprising a magnetic portion 1b receiving the magnetic field of the magnet and a nonmagnetic portion 1e. One Hall sensor H and a drive circuit member D for receiving the output of the Hall sensor are disposed so that they do not overlap, in a plan view thereof, the stator base 3 having single-phase air-core armature coils installed thereof, and a cover member 10 covering those components is welded at the opening portion to the outer periphery of the yoke bracket.

Abstract: A field case housing has an open end, an attachment member and a visual alignment associated with the open end. One visual alignment member option includes a longer elongated visual alignment member and a shorter elongated visual alignment member. Further visual alignment member option is a linear edge of the field case housing. An end plate is adapted to close the open end and has a cooperating visual alignment member formed into a surface of the end plate. The end plate is adapted to align the attachment members together upon visually aligning the alignment members together. An associated method which includes aligning the visual indicia of the field case housing with the visual indicia of the end plate with visual reference thereto and without reference to the plurality of attachment members is also provided.

Abstract: A holder of a vehicle blower motor device includes a holder body for holding a motor, a disk-shaped coupling member, and a cover plate. The holder body, the coupling member, and the cover plate define an air duct. Air is introduced to the interior of the holder body through the air duct form the inlet to cool the motor. A cylindrical blocking wall surrounds the inlet. The blocking wall protrudes from the lower surface of the coupling member, which faces the air duct, toward the interior of the air duct. The blocking wall prevents droplets collected on the inlet from reaching a boundary between the cover plate and the coupling member. As a result, a blower motor device having an improved water resistance.

Abstract: A lubricant discharge arrangement in a bearing housing (14) of an electric motor includes an end shield (1) of the electric motor, on the outer surface of which there is a lubricant discharge opening (2) to be closed by a closing element (3). The closing element includes a frame-like member (4) arranged at the discharge opening and surrounding the entire discharge opening. The member includes an opening (5) which is substantially equal in size to the discharge opening and penetrates the member (4) and forms a channel open at its both ends. The opening (5) is arranged to be closed tightly by a closing element (6) and is connected to a control element (7) for opening and closing the closing element.

Abstract: A synchronous induction motor features improved assemblability of a rotor, significantly reduced production cost, and improved operation performance of the motor. A plurality of die-cast secondary conductors is provided around a rotor yoke constituting the rotor of the synchronous induction motor. End rings are die-cast integrally with the secondary conductors on the peripheral portions of both end surfaces of the rotor yoke. Permanent magnets are inserted into slots formed such that they penetrate the rotor yoke. The openings of both ends of the slots are closed by a pair of end surface members formed of a non-magnetic constituent. One of the end surface members is secured to the rotor yoke by one of the end rings when the secondary conductors and the end rings are formed. The other end surface member is secured to the rotor yoke by a fixture.

Abstract: A brushless motor A includes a permanent magnet used as a rotor 1 that is driven by three-phase power supply, wherein the permanent magnet is magnetized by a trapezoidal magnetization, and the trapezoidal magnetization is applied such that a generation period of a cogging torque is set to almost half of the generation period of the cogging torque generated when the permanent magnet to which a square magnetization is applied is used. In this brushless motor A, preferably a skew magnetization is also applied to the rotor 1. Further, in case of driven by a sinusoidal-wave current, the skew angle is set to the angle in the range that has ±15% of the reference angle as an upper limit and a lower limit by a combination of a trapezoidal magnetization and a skew magnetization.

Abstract: The present invention presents a system for a compound actuator. The system includes first and second electrode layers each including two electrode sections, an intermediate electrode layer between the first and second electrode layers, and first and second electrostrictive materials that change length in an applied electrical field. The first electrostrictive material is positioned between the first and intermediate electrode layers. The second electrostrictive material is positioned between the intermediate and second electrode layers. The first electrostrictive material has a first length adjoining the first electrode section and a second length adjoining the second electrode section. The second electrostrictive material has a third length adjoining the fourth electrode section and a fourth length adjoining the fifth electrode section.

Abstract: A rotating electric machine for direct connection to all types of high-voltage networks, in which the magnetic circuit adapted for high voltage comprises a rotor, stator and windings. The winding comprising a conductor surrounded by a solid insulation system. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A stator assembly that may be rounded into an annular form is disclosed that includes a plurality of stator segments where each stator segment defines a yoke portion and a stator tooth and a containment structure configured to position the stator segments relative to one another such that the stator segments do not physically touch one another and such that no magnetic circuit between adjacent stator segments is formed. Also disclosed is a method for forming a segmented stator, involving the steps of positioning a plurality of stator segment in a containment structure such that no magnetic circuit between adjacent stator segments is formed, forming a winding coil about at least some of the stator segments; and deforming the containment structure to form an annular stator and to establish a magnetic circuit between adjacent stator segments.

Abstract: A harmonic motor with an increased slot surface and copper fill factor is described. A laminated stator core for an electric machine, in particular for a synchronous machine, has a substantially cylindrical bore and a plurality of pole teeth extending radially inwardly in the bore. Each of the pole teeth have an inner free end, with a fixed tooth head affixed to the inner end of each second pole tooth, as viewed in the circumferential direction. A pole tooth with a removable head is arranged between each two pool teeth with a fixed tooth head. For easy installation, windings can only be wound around those pole teeth that have a removable tooth head.

Abstract: An electrically conductive brush box is located against the upper surface of a base and has crimping tabs located against an oppositely disposed crimping surface. The base is formed of high temperature resistant plastic. A field case housing has a seat with a retention member adapted to retain the base against the seat. A screw is threaded into the field case housing such that the head presses against a surface of the base member to retain the base member in the seat. The screw member is located in non-contacting relationship with the electrically conductive brush box. A spacer member is adapted to space the portion of the crimping tab against the crimping surface away from the field case housing. The brush box includes a biasing member holder and the crimping tabs are located adjacent the holder.

Abstract: The invention is based on an electrical machine with a rotatable brush plate (10, 12), which is held in its end positions by means of at least one holding mechanism (16, 18) that acts in the circumference direction (14).

Abstract: The present invention generally provides a motor-fan unit including a motor assembly having a shaft, a commutator supported on the shaft, and a pair of brushes in electrical contact with the commutator, a fan assembly having an impeller coupled to the shaft, an end plate assembly located between the impeller and the motor assembly, said end plate assembly including a plate portion defining an opening throughwhich the shaft passes, wherein said commutator is located near the opening, and a pair of brush retainers adapted to receive the brushes formed on the plate portion adjacent said commutator, the brush retainers opening toward the fan assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for installing a stator winding in a stator core (5), the stator winding being formed of at least one cable (1), which is flexible and comprises at least one electric conductor (50) with an envelope (51) capable to confine the electric field generated around the conductor. When a winding turn is to be formed, a cable portion is drawn out from the cable reel and inserted in its cross-direction into two winding slots. For the formation of each winding turn (10) that is jointlessly connected to first winding turn (10) that is jointlessly connected to a first winding turn (7) and has the same winding direction as the first winding turn, the cable portion forming this winding turn is made to include a cable section (13) corresponding to a cable turn on the cable reel that has been lifted off from the cable reel by way of a lateral movement over one (15a) of the gables of the cable reel.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator includes: a buffer layer that is composed of an oxide or a nitride epitaxially formed on a Si substrate; a bottom electrode formed on the buffer layer, being composed of a transition metal oxide, and having a pseudo-cubic (100) or (111) orientation with a perovskite structure; a piezoelectric layer formed on the bottom electrode being composed of (Ba1−xMx) (Ti1−yZy)O3 (where (M=Sr or Ca and 0≦x≦0.3) (Z=Zr or Hf and 0≦y≦0.2)) with a pseudo-cubic (001) or (111) orientation; and a top electrode that is formed on the piezoelectric layer. In this way, a piezoelectric actuator that uses barium titanate as the piezoelectric body and does not include Pb is provided.

Abstract: An ultrasonic horn assembly for applying ultrasonic energy at an operating location which assembly includes a connector between horn assembly components which provides uniform clamping pressure between transfer faces of the components.

Abstract: A positioning device provides the capability of moving an object in both a linear and a rotational direction. The positioning device includes a first piezo stack with plural piezo plates that are capable of movement in orthogonal directions with respect to each other. The positioning device further includes a second piezo stack with plural piezo plates that are capable of movement in orthogonal directions with respect to each other. The positioning device also includes a first bearing that is disposed against the first piezo stack. The positioning device further includes a second bearing that is disposed against the second piezo stack. The positioning device also includes a spring element and a fifth bearing that is disposed against the spring element. The first through fifth bearings are disposed around and against the object to be positioned, to provide for positioning of the object in at least one of a linear direction and a rotational direction.

Abstract: A bimorph actuator is driven by electrostrictive materials configured to change length in response to applied electrical field. A first electrostrictive material is positioned between a first electrode and a second electrode. A second electrostrictive material is positioned between a second electrode and a third electrode. The second electrostrictive material and the first electrostrictive material are attached to each other such that a differential change in their respective lengths results in a lateral motion. A first voltage source provides a voltage differential between the first electrode and the third electrode. A second variable voltage applied to the second electrode causes the length of the first electrostrictive material to lengthen when the second electrostrictive material shortens, and vice versa. A system of electrodes for the bimorph actuator and a method for actuating electrostrictive materials are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a valve for controlling fluids, having a piezoelectric actuator (2), a booster for boosting the stroke of the piezoelectric actuator (2), and a control valve (14) that is actuatable by the booster. A device (27) for temperature compensation of a change in length of the piezoelectric actuator (2) dictated by a change in temperature is also provided. The booster is embodied as a diaphragm (3) and is disposed in a prestressed state. The diaphragm (3) boosts the stroke of the piezoelectric actuator with a boosting ratio a/b. At the same time, sealing off of the piezoelectric actuator (2) from the fluid to be controlled is furnished by the diaphragm (3).

Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes electrode films and piezoelectric ceramic layers. The piezoelectric ceramic layers have a number of at least 4 and are alternately laminated with the electrode films. A first support member has a first projection, whereas a second support member has a second projection. The first and second support members are arranged such that the first and second projections are opposed to each other. The piezoelectric device is disposed between the first and second projections, and is held by end faces of the first and second projections.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor includes a piezoelectric element and support frames for supporting the ends of the piezoelectric element in the longitudinal direction. The piezoelectric element is formed by stacking an even number of piezoelectric layers greater than or equal to four layers. Electrodes are provided in between the layers and on the front and back faces of the piezoelectric element. The interlayer electrodes including a segmented electrode and lead electrodes are alternately stacked with the piezoelectric layers therebetween. The interlayer electrode in the middle in the thickness direction is a segmented electrode. The piezoelectric layers are polarized in the thickness direction so that charge having the same polarity is extracted from the electrodes when the acceleration is applied. Also, the center portion and both end portions of each piezoelectric layer are polarized in opposite directions.

Abstract: A piezoelectric type electric acoustic converter achieves large improvement in shatter resistance strength, increased operating efficiency and reduced size, and includes piezoelectric ceramic layers which are laminated to form a laminate. Main surface electrodes are disposed on the front and back main surfaces of the laminate, and an internal electrode is disposed between respective ceramic layers. A side electrode which connects the main surface electrodes, and a side electrode which is conducted to the internal electrode are formed on the side surface of the laminate. All the ceramic layers are polarized in the same direction, and by applying an alternating signal between the main surface electrodes and the internal electrode, bending vibration of the laminate occurs. The front and back surfaces of the laminate is almost entirely covered with resin-layers.

Abstract: The manufacture and use of piezoelectric materials as thin-film battery charging devices that may be operated incidentally to the normal use of another device are taught. For example, a user pressing a button to achieve a desired operation may incidentally charge the battery of the device in use. The present invention also relates to an electric device that may be self-charging under normal use. The present invention may also provide for a battery charging system and/or method for battery charging, including one that is completely self-contained. A piezoelectric element may be used to convert the mechanical energy obtained from the depression of a button or other actuator into the proper electrical form for storage in a thin-film battery. Circuitry may be included to regulate the electrical energy to proper charging levels, including circuitry used to protect a thin-film battery from overcharge, or to prevent other damage to a battery.

Abstract: A surface-mount casing for accommodating a quartz crystal blank to constitute a quartz crystal unit has a casing body, a pair of first connecting terminals disposed on respective paired diagonal corners of an inner bottom surface of the casing body, and a pair of second connecting terminals disposed on respective other paired diagonal corners of the inner bottom surface of the casing body. The second connecting terminals extend more closely to a center of the inner bottom surface than the first connecting terminals. The first connecting terminals are thicker than the second connecting terminals. A crystal blank having a pair of excitation electrodes and a pair of extension electrodes extending to outer peripheral portions from the excitation electrodes is held with the extension electrodes being electrically and mechanically connected to either the first connecting electrodes or the second connecting electrodes depending on the size of the crystal blank.

Abstract: A tuning fork type quartz crystal unit has a base and a pair of arms extending from respective ends of the base in a crystallographic Y direction of quartz crystal. Each of the arms comprises a first crystal member and a second crystal member which extend in the Y direction. The first crystal member and the second crystal member are joined to each other in a crystallographic YZ plane by a direct bonding such that the first crystal member and the second crystal member have respective crystallographic X directions oriented away from each other and extending parallel to each other. Each of the arms has excitation electrodes disposed respectively on a pair of exposed surfaces thereof which lie in the YZ plane. The direct bonding comprises, for example, a siloxane bond by which the first crystal member and the second crystal member are joined to each other.

Abstract: A dishwasher includes a main body being generally of a box shape with an open front, a washer tub being slidably extracted from and retracted into the main body through the open front, the washer tub having an open top, and a covering member for blocking a gap to be opened between the washer tub and the main body when the washer tub is fully extracted from the main body. Therefore, when the washer tub is fully extracted from the main body, a rear end of an inner wall of the washer tub is located in front of a front end of the main body to open the gap and the opened gap is covered by the covering member.

Abstract: A dishwasher includes a main body having an open front, a washer tub being extracted from and retracted into the main body through the open front, the washer tub having an open top, a lid for closing the open top of the washer tub when the washer tub is fully retracted to be accommodated in the main body, and an extension member extending backward from a top rear portion of the washer tub. When the washer tub is fully extracted from the main body, a rear end of an inner wall of the washer tub is located in front of a front end of the main body and a free end of the extension member is placed under the lid.

Abstract: The present invention is a ball linear guide comprising a metallic component, the metallic component comprising a metallic flat plate base, the metallic flat plate base being formed by erecting thereon a pair of plate portions and connecting the pair of plate portions integrally with each other through a first flat plate portion, the pair of plate portions being respectively formed with dovetail grooves which respectively constitute loaded ball grooves; a first synthetic resin component disposed so as to cover the flat plate base in an inserted state of the pair of plate portions into the first synthetic resin component, the first synthetic resin component having one sides which connect to a third flat plate portion to form slits, also having a pair of unloaded ball holes, and further having grooves for forming direction changing U-shaped passages which connect the loaded ball grooves and the unloaded ball holes with each other at both ends; and a pair of second synthetic resin components mounted on the first

Abstract: A furniture piece which has specifically designed sides. These sides will have channels to accept baskets that have reinforced rims and handles. The channel will keep the baskets from falling out when pulled too far forward. The channel will afford easy removal of baskets. T-shape separators will be of hard plastic and can be used separate articles. A smaller box like structure with heretofore mentioned channels, which shall be used for a hamper. The basket will have reinforced tubular rim for strength and easy gripping. The slides will slant for ease of carrying.

Abstract: A cold-cathode electron source having an improved utilization efficiency of an electron beam and a simple structure. The cold-cathode electron source comprises a gate electrode (4) provided on a substrate (2) through an insulating layer (3) and an emitter (6) extending through the insulating layer (3) and the gate electrode (4) and disposed in an opening of the gate. During the emission of electrons from the emitter (6), the following relationships are satisfied: 10 [V/&mgr;m]≧(Va−Vg)/(Ha−Hg)≧Vg/Hg; and Vg/Hg [V/&mgr;m]≧Va×10−4×(9.7−1.3×1n(Hg))×(1000/Ha)0.5, where Ha [&mgr;m] is an anode-emitter distance, Va [V] is an anode-emitter voltage, Hg [&mgr;m] is a gate-emitter distance, and Vg [V] is a gate-emitter voltage.

Abstract: An electron emitter has an electric field receiving member formed on a substrate, a drive electrode formed on one surface of the electric field receiving member, and a common electrode formed on the one surface of the electric field receiving member, with a slit defined between the drive electrode and the common electrode. The drive electrode is supplied with a drive signal from a pulse generation source, and the common electrode is connected to a common potential generation source (GND in the illustrated embodiment). The slit has a width d in the range from 0.1 &mgr;m to 50 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A method of generating ballistic electrons with a high controllability by applying an electric field to a nano-structure micro-crystal layer or a semi-insulating layer of a semiconductor to generate ballistic electrons or quasiballistic electrons by a multiple-tunnel effect; and a semiconductor device used in this method and provided with a practical material constitution.

Abstract: A field emission display package (1) includes an anode plate (30) coated with a phosphor layer (40), a resistive buffer (60) spaced from the phosphor layer (40), a plurality of electron emitters (50) formed on the resistive buffer (60), a cathode plate (70) in contact with the resistive buffer (60), a silicon thin film (80), and a sealed housing (5). The sealed housing includes a front plate (10), a back plate (20) and a plurality of side walls (90) affixed between the front plate and the back plate so that the front plate, the back plate and the side walls define an interspace region. The front plate and the back plate are preferably made from glass. The side walls are made from an Invar-36 alloy having a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of the glass.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an EL device with an electrode for noise reduction capable of reducing audio noise and electrical noise by alternating current power by forming the electrode for noise reduction between protection layers.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an organic electroluminescent display by forming a lower electrode on a substrate and forming an insulating film with an opening part for exposing a portion of the lower electrode. An organic thin film is formed on the substrate and a surface of a portion of the organic thin film layer is selectively treated. A luminescent layer is formed on another portion of the organic thin film layer; and an upper electrode is formed on the front of the substrate.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescent device and a method for fabricating the same are disclosed in the present invention. The electro-luminescent device includes first and second electrodes over a substrate, and an organic emission layer between first and second electrodes, wherein the organic emission layer has a blended structure of a block copolymer and an organic emission material. The fabricating method includes forming a first electrode on a substrate, forming an organic emission layer over the first electrode, wherein the organic emission layer has a blended structure of a block copolymer and an organic emission material, and forming a second electrode over the organic emission layer.

Abstract: A highly transparent non-metallic cathode is disclosed that comprises a metal-doped organic electron injection layer that is in direct contact with a transparent non-metallic electron injecting cathode layer, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), wherein the metal-doped organic electron injection layer also functions as an exciton blocking or hole blocking layer. The metal-doped organic electron injection layer is created by diffusing an ultra-thin layer of about 5-10 Å of a highly electropositive metal such as Li throughout the layer. A representative embodiment of the highly transparent non-metallic cathode comprises a layer of ITO, a layer of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), which acts as an electron injection, exciton blocking, and hole blocking layer, and an ultra-thin layer of lithium, which degenerately dopes the layer of BCP, improving the electron injecting properties of the BCP layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a variable LED display panel, comprising a cover, a baseboard, an electrically conductive terminal plate, a pad, a LED, and an IC control box, wherein an anode and a cathode are separated with an appropriate distance apart by the pad in the electrically conductive terminal plate at the layer of the cover and the baseboard, and the anode and cathode insert holes of the terminal plates on the top and at the bottom are interlaced. Each hole in the electrically conductive terminal plate is extended integrally as a whole piece out of the sheathing section and securely engaged into the supporting leg.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display includes a transparent substrate, a transparent anode, an organic functional layer, a cathode and an insulator. In this case, the transparent anode is formed on the transparent substrate. The organic functional layer is formed on the transparent anode. The cathode is formed on the organic functional layer. The insulator is formed on the cathode and a part of the insulator permeates into the organic functional layer.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) comprises a transparent substrate, a first electrode, at least one organic functional layer, a second electrode, and a lid. The first electrode is disposed on the transparent substrate, the organic functional layer is disposed on the first electrode, the second electrode is disposed on the organic functional layer, and the lid is disposed above the second electrode. The lid has at least one heat-dissipating pin mounted on the lid. Furthermore, the lid is composed of a covering component and a heat-dissipating component. The covering component is disposed on or above the second electrode, and the heat-dissipating component is disposed on the covering component.

Abstract: The present invention is a pattern display apparatus including a rotary or stationary display member; and a flexible organic EL device provided on an outer surface of the rotary or stationary display member, the flexible organic EL device being capable of displaying a character, a figure, a mark and/or a pattern formed by combining some of a character, a figure and a mark. According to the feature, the self-luminescent organic EL device provided on the outer surface of the rotary display member or the stationary display member can be driven by a low voltage to emit bright light and is also capable of emitting light in multiple colors. Therefore, the problems in the conventional pattern display apparatus using light bulbs as light sources do not arise in the pattern display apparatus of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas discharge panel on which color images are accurately displayed and which is easy to manufacture. The first and the second substrates face each other across an interval, forming a discharge space in between, which is filled with a discharge gas. Pairs of electrodes for sustaining discharge are provided on at least one of the two substrates, and phosphor layers are formed on the first substrate, arranged along the electrode pairs to form a matrix of discharge cells. An image is displayed by selectively illuminating discharge cells. Gap members having a given shape are provided between the first and second substrates at locations corresponding to the boundaries between discharge cells.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a gas discharge panel having at least a protective film containing a driving voltage-reducing compound.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for generating a strongly-ionized plasma are described. An apparatus for generating a strongly-ionized plasma according to the present invention includes an anode and a cathode that is positioned adjacent to the anode to form a gap there between. An ionization source generates a weakly-ionized plasma proximate to the cathode. A power supply produces an electric field in the gap between the anode and the cathode. The electric field generates excited atoms in the weakly-ionized plasma and generates secondary electrons from the cathode. The secondary electrons ionize the excited atoms, thereby creating the strongly-ionized plasma.

Abstract: A method for scanning a specimen 105 with beams 102 of charged particles of a source group. Thereby, a plurality of target points 402 is scanned with a charged particle beam emitted by a source 106 and the same plurality of target points is scanned with at least one further charged particle beam emitted by at least one further source. Further, the charged particle beams from the source and the at least one further source are emitted on the same target point at different times. Additionally, a multiple charged particle beam source and a data feed system are provided. A source array 104 comprises at least one logical emitting unit 106, wherein patterning information is shifted in a shift circuit 140, and redundancy emitting units 106, wherein individual redundancy emitting units obtain patterning information from the shift register.