Abstract: A duobinary optical transmission apparatus is disclosed using a duobinary optical transmission technique. The apparatus has increased immunity against dispersion and non-linearity in high-speed long-distance wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission of an optical signal, without using an electrical low-pass filter. The duobinary optical transmission apparatus includes a light source outputting an optical carrier; an NRZ optical signal generating section receiving an NRZ electrical signal, modulating the optical carrier into an NRZ optical signal according to the NRZ electrical signal, and outputting the NRZ optical signal, and a duobinary optical signal generating section receiving the NRZ electrical signal and modulating the NRZ optical signal into a duobinary optical signal.

Abstract: An optical assembly includes a lens unit having a first lens and a second lens arranged on a common optical path with substantially coincident optical axes. Each lens has a transmission region through which light passes from a first side to a second side of the lens, and a first and a second table region on the periphery of the transmission region. The table regions are flat surfaces positioned on the first and second sides of each lens. An optical element holding tube is butt-coupled to the first table region of the first lens. An optical element, such as a filter, is supported on the first element holding tube. A second lens support tube holds the first lens and the second lens at opposite ends, with the first element holding tube therebetween. The first and second lenses and the optical element are passively aligned and then fixed in place with optical adhesive at the butt joints.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical fiber grating comprising: optic fiber having periodically formed gratings; and a temperature control method for independently controlling temperature along grating sections. In the optical fiber, the temperature is controlled along grating sections, the desired spectrum can be obtained by varying the refractive index of each unit section, and the fiber gratings can be applied to various optical communication devices.

Abstract: The method for making the fiber optic Fabry-Perot sensor includes securing an optical fiber to a substrate, and forming at least one gap in the optical fiber after the optical fiber is secured to the substrate to define at least one pair of self-aligned opposing spaced apart optical fiber end faces for the Fabry-Perot sensor. Preferably, an adhesive directly secures the at least one pair of optical fiber portions to the substrate. The opposing spaced apart optical fiber end faces are self-aligned because the pair of optical fiber end portions are formed from a single fiber which has been directly secured to the substrate. Also, each of the self-aligned spaced apart optical fiber end faces may be substantially rounded due to an electrical discharge used to form the gap. This results in integral lenses being formed as the end faces of the fiber portions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the polarization-independent optical polymeric intensity modulator independent of input signal using polymers with electro-optical property. To use the electro-optical property for electro-optical polymer, polymers must be poled by applying high voltage to the waveguide. The size of phase modulation caused by such an poling varies from the biggest value at polarization parallel to the poling to the smallest value at polarization perpendicular to the poling. Therefore, the performance of the electro-optical polymeric intensity modulator depends on the polarization state of input light. The present invention provides the polarization-independent optical polymeric intensity modulator capable of modulating the optical intensity without regard to the polarization of the input signal by making the polarizing directions of two optical paths of M-Z interferometer perpendicular each other.

Abstract: An optical structure for combining light from a plurality of individual optical fibers into a single optical transmission device. The structure can be incorporated into the optical probe of a spectrophotometric instrument and includes a plurality of optical send fibers having input and output ends and an optical light mixer having input and output ends. The output ends of the send fibers are secured in optical communication with the input end of the light mixer.

Abstract: An optical fiber, which is provided in each of channels of an optical fiber array disposed on V-grooves, has a portion (reflecting section) at which a core is cut out at an intermediate position of the optical fiber. The reflected light, which is split from a signal light transmitted in the core of the optical fiber on the basis of a refractive index difference at the reflecting section, is obtained through a index matching layer provided outside a clad of the optical fiber. The reflected light is monitored by a photodetector of a photodetecting array.

Abstract: An optical connector cleaning tool, which can easily and reliably clean a connecting end face of an optical connector while the optical connector is disposed in a connector housing, is disclosed. The optical connector cleaning tool comprises a tool body, and an insertion portion which is provided so as to project from the tool body, and which is adapted to be inserted into the connector housing, and the optical connector cleaning tool is adapted such that the cleaning element disposed at an end of the insertion portion projecting from the tool body is positioned and abutted against the connecting end face when the insertion portion is inserted into the connector housing. It is easy to insert the cleaning element into the connector housing and to abut the cleaning element against the connecting end face. Furthermore, it is easy to maintain the cleaning element in position abutting against the connecting end face when the cleaning element is moved for wiping the connecting end face.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide an optical component configured to minimize reflectance. The component generally includes an optical housing having a bore formed therethrough, the bore having a central component receiving portion, and a glass block positioned in the component receiving portion in abutment with a fiber receiving bore. The component further includes a fuzzy mount secured in the central component receiving portion, the fuzzy mount being secured via a plurality of extending teeth formed on an outer surface thereof, the teeth being configured to engage an inner surface of the central component receiving portion to secure the fuzzy mount therein.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide an optical component configured to minimize reflectance. The component generally includes an optical housing having a device receiving end, a fiber receiving end, and an intermediate portion, wherein a bore connects the fiber receiving end to the device receiving end via the intermediate portion. The component further includes a split sleeve assembly press fitted into the intermediate portion, and a fiber stub press fitted into the split sleeve assembly, the fiber stub being positioned proximate a terminating end of the split sleeve.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an optical connector capable of preventing impairment of PC connections by a hard sleeve during PC connection of optical connectors having a hard sleeve installed in engaging pin holes thereof. The optical connector has a ferrule formed with integrally molded plastic and having engaging pin holes, and a hard sleeve installed in the engaging pin holes and having a hardness that is higher than the plastic of the ferrule. The hard sleeve and the plastic of the ferrule surrounding this hard sleeve are polished so as to be lower than the coupling end surface, and the end of the hard sleeve does not protrude beyond the coupling end surface.

Abstract: A fiber optic connector including a ferrule, a hub including a front portion, a housing surrounding the hub and including an inner surface including a bore, the inner surface including a first engagement surface, and a spring positioned within the housing to bias the hub. A press ring includes an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer surface including a second engagement surface configured to engage the first engagement surface of the inner surface of the housing to prevent relative rotation, and the inner surface of the press ring configured to engage the hub so that the hub is maintained in rotational alignment while moving along the longitudinal axis of the connector. A tuning tool is configured to engage and rotate the hub and allow the press ring to slide along an outer diameter of the tuning tool to be delivered to the bore of the connector.

Abstract: A head casing assembly of an optical fiber transmission cable has a post-shape member axially disposed inside the head casing; the post-shape member is made of a plastic composite material; being easy for processing, the plastic composite material enables the post-shape member to have extremely high precision. The post-shape member and an optical fiber core wire are glued; after the glue hardens, a piece of regular grind paper is used to grind the post-shape member and the optical fiber core wire so as to lower the processing time and cost as well as enhance the economical effect and ensure the effective transmission of optical signals.

Abstract: A strain relief apparatus which is especially useful with a standard fiber optic connector (10) having a cylinder backshell (12) with a pair of rearwardly-projecting arms (20, 22) that hold circular clamp elements (24, 26) to clamp to a circular optical fiber cable, which facilitates clamping to a fiber optic flat ribbon cable, or flat cable (40). A flat cable adaptor (54) has a groove (82) with front, rear, and middle groove portions (84, 86, 90) each of rectangular cross-section for receiving the flat cable. A jacket (94) of compressible material of about one inch length is wrapped around the flat cable and lies in the groove middle portion. Only the jacketed part of the flat cable is firmly pressed against the bottom wall (114) of the groove to clamp the flat cable to the adaptor. In one adaptor device, two identical adaptors (52, 54) are used, which form a circular recess (62) that receives the clamp elements.

Abstract: A modular TOSA that is compatible with multiple optical fiber connector standards and a method of making the TOSA are presented. With the invention, a modular TOSA can be made compatible with different connector standards by switching the nose assembly while keeping the port assembly design and the adapter assembly design constant. The nose assembly that is compatible with the desired connector standard is selected from a group of nose assemblies, which are designed to be coupled with the same port assembly but having different connector standards.

Abstract: A transceiver module including a primary printed circuit board and a secondary printed circuit board in an enclosure is presented. The primary printed circuit board is coupled to the secondary printed circuit board by a connector pin that protrudes out of a critical surface of the enclosure. The printed circuit boards may be positioned substantially parallel to the critical surface of the enclosure. When a transmitter is electrically connected to the primary printed circuit board and a receiver is electrically connected to the secondary printed circuit board, the transmitter and the receiver may be positioned in a plane that is also substantially parallel to the plane of the critical surface.

Abstract: For an optical fiber cable with a cable core, which contains at least one optical transmission element, and with a cable jacket surrounding the cable core, a plastic film is applied over the cable core before extrusion of the cable jacket. The plastic film contains a material, which is also contained in the cable jacket. The cable jacket is extruded over the cable core and brought into contact with the plastic film in such a way, that it glues to the cable jacket during extrusion. In this way a cable construction for an optical fiber cable is created, which enables a comparatively small diameter of the cable and a comparatively cost-effective manufacture.

Abstract: A tight buffered optical fiber and methods of manufacturing the same include an optical fiber and a tight buffer layer. The tight buffer layer has a predetermined wall thickness generally surrounding the optical fiber and at least one preferential tear portion generally formed along a longitudinal axis of the tight buffer layer. In one embodiment, the tight buffered optical fiber has a delta attenuation of about 0.300 dB/km or less at a temperature of about −40° C. at a reference wavelength of about 1550 nm, thereby making the tight buffered optical fiber suitable for outdoor environments. Other embodiments can include a buffer layer surrounding one or more optical fiber ribbons. In other embodiments, the buffer layer can be formed from a material having an elongation to break ratio of about 500% or less.

Abstract: Optical fibers are described that exhibit reduced splice loss. Further described are techniques for fabricating optical fibers exhibiting reduced splice loss. One described fiber includes a plurality of regions, one region having a higher viscosity and the other region having a lower viscosity, such that when the fiber is drawn under tension, a strain is frozen into the higher viscosity region. A lower viscosity buffer layer is sandwiched between the higher viscosity region and the lower viscosity region. The buffer layer isolates the lower viscosity region from changes in refractive index in the higher viscosity region arising from a change in the strain frozen into the higher viscosity region.

Abstract: An optical waveguide structure according to the invention comprises a core layer having a first refractive index ncore, an array of sub-regions within the core having a second refractive index nrods, the array of sub-regions giving rise to a photonic band structure within the core layer, and a cladding layer adjacent to the core layer having a refractive index ncladding, wherein:

Abstract: An optical fiber comprises a photosensitive core that includes a concentration of a first material that increases the refractive index of the core and a concentration of a second material that is other than boron and that reduces the refractive index of the core. A cladding is disposed about the core for tending to confine light to the core. The fiber also includes at least one longitudinally extending region having a thermal coefficient of expansion that is different from the thermal coefficient of expansion of the cladding. In another embodiment, the core includes a concentration of germanium and a concentration of boron. Also disclosed is a polarization-maintaining double-clad (PM DC) fiber comprising one or both of at least one circular axially extending stress inducing region(s) and an inner cladding comprising a circular outer perimeter.

Abstract: An optical transmission equipment for use in an optical transmission system, having an optical amplifier (10A), comprising: a first optical doped fiber (1A); a second optical doped fiber (1B); a third optical doped fiber (1C); an optical isolator (6) of bringing loss in the optical signal, being provided between the first optical doped fiber and the second optical doped fiber; a dispersion compensator (7) being provided between the second optical doped fiber and the third optical doped fiber; and a pumping light source (2) being optically connected to so that the optical doped fibers (1A, 1B, 1C) are excited in common.

Abstract: A long-distance, high bit-rate optical communications link is described comprising an optical transmitter, an optical receiver, and an index-guiding microstructured optical fiber between the optical transmitter and the optical receiver, the microstructured optical fiber having a majority of the cross-section of the core and cladding regions occupied by voids. The voids are dimensioned such that an effective index of refraction of the cladding region is less than an effective index of the core region, the optical fiber propagating light by an index-guiding effect. The attenuation and dispersion characteristics of the microstructured optical fiber, when expressed in dB/km and ps/(nm-km), respectively, each decrease in approximate proportion to the percentage of cross-sectional area occupied by the voids.

Abstract: Optical fiber ribbons comprise at least two optical fiber subunit ribbons encapsulated within a radiation cured encapsulating material. The radiation cured encapsulating material allows separation of the subunit ribbons by hand tearing of the encapsulating material and adheres to the subunit ribbons upon twisting of the optical fiber ribbon. The radiation cured encapsulating material preferably has a tear resistance of less than about 2.20 pounds force and an adhesion force to an underlying surface material of greater than about 0.0044 pounds force.

Abstract: In the present invention, an optical device having a waveguide structure includes a photonic band structure region, the photonic band structure region comprising a first region having a first refractive index and an array of sub-regions having a second refractive index, the array of sub-regions being arranged in a Fibonacci spiral pattern. The present invention can also be applied to optical fibres.

Abstract: A dense wavelength division multiplexer (DWDM) module (10) includes a housing (1), a retainer (2), a plurality of DWDMs (3), a cover (4), a gasket ring (5) and a front seal (8). The retainer is fixed in the housing and receives the DWDMs therein. Optical fibers communicating between the DWDMs and optical components outside the DWDM module pass through strain relief boots (81), which engage in through holes in a plug (82) of the front seal. The front seal is tightly fixed in a slot (124) of the housing, forming a reliable seal at the front of the housing. The gasket ring is pressed into a recess (122) of the housing. The cover is then fixed on the housing and presses against the gasket ring. Therefore, a tight hermetical seal is formed between the housing and the cover.

Abstract: An optical connector machining apparatus (500) is comprised of an operation circuit box (1) containing a drive motor (9) and a battery (10) while serving as a grasping section, and a planetary gear mechanism box (2) having a drive mechanism (8) that rotatably holds a polishing table (4) with a polishing table retainer (3) while permitting rotation of the drive motor to be delivered to the polishing table retainer through a planetary gear mechanism, wherein a chuck mounting section (5) is fixedly secured to the planetary gear mechanism box through two pieces of columns (6, 6), and a chuck (43), slidably guiding a ferrule (A) with respect to the polishing table in a vertical direction, and a pressure-applying mechanism (7) for urging the ferrule to the polishing table in a vertical direction, are mounted to the chuck mounting section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a telecommunications panel for connecting optical fiber cables from inter-facility cables (IFC) to fiber optic termination equipment. The telecommunications panel receives the IFC cable into a tray where the optical fibers within the cable are spliced and coupled to monitor fibers and transmission fibers. These monitor and transmission fibers are terminated at adapters within the panel for connection to cables extending to the FOT equipment. The IFC cables may be multi-strand optical fiber cables or single strand cables. The present invention also relates to a drop-in tray for use with a telecommunications panel which provides both splice and coupling devices on the same tray. The drop-in tray also includes adapters where the transmission and monitor fibers are terminated for connection to cables extending to FOT equipment.

Abstract: A spacecraft or other vehicle includes a sources and sinks of light information signals. Light transmission optical fibers are required to exhibit low change in phase delay. Temperature compensated optical fibers provide superior performance by comparison with coaxial cables, but when restrained, the optical fibers do not perform as well. According to an aspect of the invention, the optical fibers are restrained against lateral movement by fixing rings attached to the vehicle body. The fiber-accommodating apertures in the restraining rings are dimensioned to allow the optical fibers to move axially, to rotate andor to expand laterally. The fibers may be in “bundles.

Abstract: A termination device (1) for cables (20) having at least one flexible strength member (21) comprises a retention member (3) for retaining the strength member and a base member (2) for accommodating the retention member (3). The base member (2) is provided with clamping means (11, 12) which prevent any longitudinal movement of the retention member (3). In addition, the clamping means (11, 12) exert pressure on the retention member accommodated in the base member so as to be able to clamp the strength member (21) between the clamping means and at least one surface (7) of the retention member.

Abstract: Articles and methods for providing stacked arrays of optical fibers are disclosed. The articles and methods include providing arrays of gripping elements that provide arrays of channels adapted to secure optical fibers to a substrate surface. The articles and methods are useful for making stacked arrays of optical fibers and manufacturing optical devices.

Abstract: Method and apparatus of attenuating an optical signal without adding extra components is presented. The drive current of the optical signal source is set to meet a predetermined bandwidth requirement and exceed a predetermined amplitude requirement. An optical isolator that is used to prevent back-reflections from reaching the optical signal source is used to achieve the desired amount of attenuation. More specifically, the invention includes controlling the attenuation by tuning an angle &thgr; between the transmission axis of a polarizer that is part of the optical isolator and the original polarization state of the optical signal. By increasing the angle &thgr;, the amount of attenuation is increased; by decreasing the angle &thgr;, the amount of attenuation is decreased. The invention allows continuous tuning of the angle &thgr;.

Abstract: The present invention is a device and method for an event ticket used to gain entry to an event such as a performance or exhibition including a first component that includes data for validating the right to enter and attend the event, a second component that includes a machine readable section having a static portion and a dynamic portion wherein the static portion includes read only data relevant to the event, the data being accessible pre- or post-event, and the dynamic portion including a means for allowing pre- and/or post-event communication with a browser.

Abstract: A method for selecting a chapter boundary for a digital video recording is provided that includes examining cut-rates for the recording. A determination is made regarding whether a default chapter length has passed. A determination is made regarding whether the cut-rate for the recording at the default chapter length is low. The chapter boundary is selected at the default chapter length when the cut-rate for the recording at the default chapter length is low.

Abstract: A video system comprises a hood sized for fitting over a vehicle seat headrest, wherein the hood includes a display and a media player, a base portion attached to the hood, and a door pivotally attached to the base portion, wherein the display is mounted to the door and the media player is mounted to the door or mounted in the base portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for registering an identifier, which can stably and effectively perform a broadcasting channel management by registering a user's photo image in a memory of a digital video device as an identifier. To this end, the method comprises the steps of: recording an image in a storing unit of a digital video device as an identifier; and managing channels of the digital video device on the basis of the image identifier.

Abstract: Video segment extraction methods and systems are disclosed. One method comprises selecting a segment from video data encoded on an optical video storage medium, and copying the segment from the optical video storage medium to another storage medium to be processed. A video segment extraction system comprises a video data processing module and video extraction logic operatively associated with the video data processing module. The logic is operable to cause a segment from video data encoded on an optical video storage medium to be selected and cause the segment from the optical video storage medium to be copied to another storage medium to be processed.

Abstract: When receiving a request for reverse reproduction of a first video image from a terminal, a server transmits first compressed video data corresponding to the request. The terminal, which is connected to the server, decodes the first compressed video data transmitted from the server. The reverse reproduction of the decoded first video data is performed. Concurrently with the decoding process, a request for reverse reproduction of a second video image that is a continuation of said first video image is transmitted to the server. When receiving the request for the reverse reproduction of the second video image, the server transmits second compressed video data corresponding to the request to the terminal. The terminal decodes the second compressed video data transmitted from the server and performs the reverse reproduction of the decoded second video data.

Abstract: A system and method for maintaining a history of multimedia content and method are disclosed herein. A video stream being is recorded spanning several different programs. A monitoring program identifies changes in programming in the video stream being recorded. Program information for each of the programs in the video stream being recorded are stored in memory and linked to associated programs in the recorded video stream. The stored program information is provided to allow a user to assess and select programs stored in the recoded video stream for playback.

Abstract: An MPEG encoder performs, in compliance with the MPEG-2 standard, intra-image coding compression on thumbnail images, selected by an image selector, whose data amount has been reduced by a data reducing unit. The thus compressed thumbnail images together with a record address recorded as coded data in a coded image data area is recorded in a thumbnail image data.

Abstract: In storing main information such moving image data and metadata accompanying the main information, for a metadata item for which a plurality of description forms are present, a priority table in which the priority of each description form is set for each item is held in advance. Under limitation conditions related to metadata storage due to the data collection time of metadata or the calculation time of a value corresponding to a description form, a metadata item and description form are employed in descending order of priority held in the priority table (S122) whereby metadata is formed and stored in correspondence with main information (S126). With this arrangement, it is reliably possible to use supplementary information in a form that can be used at least in wide-ranging devices and control schemes, and it is also possible to use supplementary information that can make use of the characteristic feature of each device or control scheme.

Abstract: A video tape indexing system in which program broadcast identification information is entered into the system for use in recording the program. When the program is recorded, the system stores indexing information in an index memory. The system monitors a broadcast channel for electronic program guide information that includes titles and usually channel, date, time and length for the titles. The system matches the channel, date, time and length information from the broadcast channel with the identification information entered for the program to be recorded. The title in the broadcast channel associated with the channel, date, time and length information is then associated with the indexing information for the program.

Abstract: Static image data of materials used in videoed lectures and the like is presented to browsing users synchronously with video data. As video data is reproduced by a video player of a browsing client, reproduction time positions of the video data are obtained in an image synchronous function part, static image data associated in advance with the reproduction time positions is requested from a delivery server holding the video data and static image data associated with the video data, and the static image data is provided from the delivery server and displayed in an image display part.

Abstract: There is disclosed a decoder buffer capable of receiving streaming video data packets and storing the data packets in a plurality of access units. Each of the access units holds at least one data packet associated with a selected frame in the streaming video. The decoder buffer comprises: 1) a first buffer region comprising at least one access unit for storing data packets that are less immediately needed by the video decoder; and 2) a re-transmission region comprising at least one access unit for storing data packets that are most immediately needed by the video decoder. The decoder buffer, in response to a detection of a missing data packet in the re-transmission region, requests that the streaming video transmitter retransmit the missing packet.

Abstract: A method (and system) for directly writing video information to optical disc media, e.g., random. The method includes converting a video information in a first format to a raw video information in an uncompressed format. The method also includes resizing the raw video information in the uncompressed format into a size associated with a desired output media format and a desired TV standard and adjusting the uncompressed format in the size associated with the desired output media format and the desired TV standard to a frame rate associated with the desired TV standard. The method processes the uncompressed format in the size and the frame rate into an elementary video stream and processing the elementary video stream with audio information in the desired output media format and the desired TV standard to form video and audio information in a presentation format including a beginning and an end based upon the desired output media format and the desired TV standard.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a camera support device including an attachment device for a camera fitted or capable of being fitted with a first lens, and a mechanism for rotating around an axis. The attachment device also includes a device for attaching an adapter lens, particularly a panoramic adapter lens, arranged to hold the adapter lens in line with the first lens without the need to attach the adapter lens to the camera.

Abstract: A method for orienting a digital panoramic image obtained using at least one initial wide-angle image the image points of which are transferred into a three-dimensional coordinate system includes inserting an orientation mark into the initial image at the time of the exposure. The method further includes detecting the location of the orientation mark in the digital panoramic image, performed by an image analysis algorithm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method to establish a sensitometry curve for a photographic medium, including the following steps: the formation on the medium of at least one sensitometry control by exposing many ranges of the medium with various exposure energies; the capture of the optical density values of the sensitometry control in each range; the formation from the captured values of sensitometry curve sections; and the energy offset of the curve section to obtain a partial overlap of sections corresponding to neighboring exposure energies.

Abstract: A density adjustment method for adjusting a density of a diagnostic image, having the steps of; exposing an image; developing the latent image; measuring a density of the developed image; creating a lookup table for relating the diagnostic image data and amount of exposure so as to form a density specified by the diagnostic image data; and correcting at least one of an exposure condition and a development condition to ensure that the next film has the optimized density, based on the difference between the measured density of a partial area of the film, and a density for comparison; wherein, a density of a prescribed area in a test exposure image is used as the density for comparison; while the exposure amount is used for exposing the partial area of the film at the time of forming a diagnostic image.

Abstract: A method for automatic initialization of an optical network is provided. A network management system (NMS) performs remote determination of span losses and sets the operating points of network components. The initialization method comprises remotely and automatically setting target gains of optical amplifiers and signal power levels at transmitters and receivers to required operating values. The methods for initialization of the optical network of the embodiments include gain excursion minimization (GEM) for individual channels passing through amplifiers and/or pre-emphasis of the optical link, where channel powers at the transmitters are biased to compensate for the effects of optical amplifiers gain ripple.