Abstract: The shafts of upstream and downstream turbines are interconnected by a coupling. A diffuser is provided in an intermediate cavity between the upstream and downstream turbines to recover kinetic energy, as well as minimize or eliminate windage and spinning losses resultant from exposure of the coupling to the flowpath along the turbines. A radial entry inlet provides a supplemental fluid admission into the intermediate cavity, the admission being turned axially and circumferentially for joining with the flow exiting the upstream turbine for combined flow to the downstream turbine.

Abstract: An axial thrust balancing system (10) for a centrifugal compressor (12), having improved safety characteristics, the centrifugal compressor (12) comprising a rotor (14) having impellers (16) adjacent to each other and connected by a shaft (18), the rotor (14) rotating in a stator (20), the centrifugal compressor (12) additionally including a balancing piston (22), a balancing line (24) being provided between an intake of a first compression stage and an area downstream of the balancing piston (22); this system (10) comprises an intake mechanical gas seal (26) around the shaft (18) upstream of the first compression stage and an outlet mechanical gas seal (28) downstream of the balancing piston (22), the balancing line (24) being closable by means of blocking elements (32).

Abstract: A rotor system for a gas turbine engine is provided having an outer rotor which includes an annular outer spool that comprises at least one ring portion of increased thickness with respect to the remainder of the outer spool, attached to a relatively thinner, axially extending arm portion. A plurality of outer turbine blades are attached to the ring portion of the outer spool and extend radially inwardly into a working gas flowpath of the engine. A casing surrounds the outer spool and defines an annular cavity between the casing and the outer spool, which is sealed by forward and aft brush seals at the forward and aft ends thereof. At least one inlet port is formed through the casing for admitting a flow of cooling air to the annular cavity. Means are provided for directing this cooling air flow to the ring portion of the outer spool.

Abstract: In the diaphragm packing area of a turbine, a raised platform affords an annular sealing surface for contact with a brush seal carried by the diaphragm. The platform includes a plurality of platform sealing segments secured to a locking device carried by the rotor. The locking device includes a pair of raised rims having flanges with teeth projecting axially toward one another and defining slots therebetween. The platform segments each include underlying flanges with axially oppositely directed teeth. By displacing the platform sealing segments radially inwardly and passing the teeth of the locking device and platform segments through the respective slots, the platform segment teeth lie radially inwardly of the locking device teeth. The platform segments are then rotated radially to align the teeth to secure the sealing surface against radial movement. One segment may be staked, welded or screwed to the locking device to preclude circumferential movement during turbine operation.

Abstract: The root region of a flowpath through a turbine includes a sealing configuration for minimizing leakage flow and secondary aerodynamic losses. Entrance and exit root radial seals are provided between upstream and downstream nozzles at locations radially inwardly of the root region of the flowpath to minimize radial leakage flow. To minimize intrusion flow into the flowpath from rotor pumping action and consequent aerodynamic losses, an exit flow guide on each bucket turns the exiting radial flow in a predominantly axial direction. Additionally, the upstream bucket root radius and nozzle root radius are faired or tapered to minimize the possibility of a protuberance projecting into the flowpath at steady state operation. An additional entrance root axial fin is provided on the buckets to reduce the flow coefficient and afford further reduction in leakage flow.

Abstract: A composite face seal has an annular seal rotor and an annular seal stator, both having a metal base portion and a radially extending flange. The flange has first and second axially facing surfaces. A first ceramic ring may be mounted to the first surface of the flange of either or both of the seal rotor and the seal stator by a first braze joint. A second ceramic ring may be mounted to the second surface of the flange of either or both of the seal rotor and the seal stator by a second braze joint. Each of the braze joints may include a molybdenum ring disposed between two braze rings or, for thicker seal assemblies, molybdenum and nickel rings disposed between braze rings.

Abstract: In the diaphragm packing area of a steam turbine, a raised platform affords an annular sealing surface for contact with a brush seal carried by the diaphragm. The platform includes a plurality of platform sealing segments secured to a locking device carried by the rotor. The locking device includes a raised rim having flanges with axially oppositely projecting teeth circumferentially spaced one from the other by slots. The platform segments each include a channel section having flanges with axially inwardly directed teeth. By displacing the platform sealing segments radially inwardly and passing the teeth of the locking device and platform segments through the respective slots, the platform segment teeth lie radially inwardly of the locking device teeth. The platform segments are then rotated radially to align the teeth to secure the sealing surface against radial movement. One segment may be staked, welded or screwed to the locking device to preclude circumferential movement during turbine operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an axial compressor stator for a gas turbine, said stator comprising a rigid, external, annular frame (2), furthermore axially juxtaposed rings (4a, 4b, 4c) configured within the frame (2) and bearing annuli of stationary vanes (5), said rings being constituted by arcuate segments (7) affixed to the frame, the inside walls of said arcuate segments externally defining the aerodynamic conduit for the compressed gaseous fluid, and this invention is characterized in that the arcuate segments (2) are brazed segments consisting of a honeycomb component (8) sandwiched between an inner sheetmetal (10) bounding the aerodynamic conduit and an outer sheetmetal (9), and in that the connection to the frame (2) is solely implemented by the outer sheetmetal (9).

Abstract: Nozzles for a turbine have dovetail-shaped bases for reception in corresponding dovetail-shaped grooves in the carrier halves of a turbine. The nozzles at each of the horizontal joint faces of each carrier half have notches formed along their bases including an abutment face. Key slots are formed in the horizontal joint faces and receive keys bearing against the abutment faces. The keys are peened or screwed into the carrier half at the horizontal joint faces. Radial loading pins engage the end nozzle bases to bias the end nozzles radially inwardly without interfering with the keys retaining the nozzles in the grooves.

Abstract: Upper and lower diaphragms of a steam turbine have mating flanges forming a horizontal midline joint interface. Each flange has a groove which registers with a corresponding groove in the opposite flange. A composite woven tubular seal is provided in the mating grooves. The seal comprises an inner woven metal core surrounded by an annular silica fiber layer, in turn surrounded by a metal foil with an outer protective covering of a braided stainless steel. Upon joining the diaphragms to one another, the compliant seal generally conforms to a maximum to the shape of the grooves, maintaining a seal between the diaphragms along the horizontal midline joint.

Abstract: An airflow apparatus (e.g., a fan, a blower) is provided for impeding or facilitating airflow through a channel when the apparatus is inoperative. The apparatus comprises a set of blades or airfoils that, when operating, promote or force a flow of air through the channel. The apparatus includes a bias mechanism for biasing the blades of the apparatus toward failure positions blocking or opening the airflow when the apparatus is at rest or turned off. When the apparatus begins spinning, the bias mechanism is overcome and the blades take their normal operating positions. The bias mechanism may comprise a spring or elastic material that resists rotation, extension or other type of blade transition from the failure position to the operating position. Or, the bias mechanism may involve a blade design (e.g., edge weighting) that attempts to place a blade in its failure position.

Abstract: A ceiling-fan air purifier and freshener has an edge clip (1) which is adapted to be clipped onto leading edges of fan blades (2) of ceiling fans (3) in either direction of rotation has a gluey adhesive (11) on a top surface of the edge clip. The gluey adhesive captures and contains dust and germs that are too small to be retained by air strainers and filters and that can increase instead of stop growth of germs in room air. It is intended to be used for hospitals, residences and businesses. The edge clip is adapted for: (a) reliable attachment, (b) structural compatibility with select classes of ceiling fans, (c) easy removal, (d) low-cost replacement and (d) user-friendliness. It is adaptable for being colored and designed for matching aesthetics of the select classes of ceiling fans and use conditions. The gluey adherent can include predetermined surface corrugation and unevenness for maximizing germ and particle retainment.

Abstract: A loading spring segment for radially loading a turbine bucket within a turbine rotor groove includes a substantially circular metal sheet with a gap between opposed edges of the sheet, the sheet defining an arcuate segment in an arcuate length direction of the spring segment; and a plurality of radial slots in the sheet, spaced along the arcuate length direction to thereby create a plurality of individual springs within the arcuate segment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technology in the manufacture of impeller blades. The impeller blades may be metal plated and further incorporated onto a rigid skeletal frame to allow for more desirable wear resistance and strength.

Abstract: A system for maintaining constant pressure, such as at a mosquito fogging nozzle, by electronically controlling the speed of an engine that is coupled to a blower. A pressure sensor measures the pressure provided by the blower and provides a pressure signal to the electronic engine controller. The engine controller is of the proportional-integral (PI) type and utilizes pulse-width modulation (PWM) techniques to control an electromechanical actuator attached to the throttle of the engine to vary the engine speed. Constant pressure is maintained despite changes in the ambient temperature, humidity and barometric pressure. A safety circuit prevents engine over-speed if the pressure signal is lost. An over-speed circuit monitors and controls the engine speed at higher RPMs.

Abstract: Apparatus for inducing, impeding, selectively filtering or otherwise effecting fluid flow in microfluidics applications. Opposing mesh layers are placed into relative motion by a variety of motive forces. Fluid between the opposing mesh layers is compressed so as to be pumped through the mesh layers when the relative motion of the layers is toward each other. Mesh layers may also be offset from each other though an actuating force so that one mesh layer blocks the openings in the other mesh layer, thereby creating an impediment to fluid flow. The degree of offset may be varied so as to create a partial impediment to fluid flow, thereby presenting a filter effect.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a control valve for a variable displacement compressor, which is capable of controlling the variable displacement compressor to the minimum capacity without using an electromagnetic clutch, and can be constructed without accommodating a solenoid in a pressure chamber. A plunger of a solenoid is formed by a first plunger and a second plunger, and a diaphragm is disposed between them, for sensing suction pressure Ps, such that the first plunger controls a valve element via a shaft, with component elements of the solenoid except for the first plunger being disposed on a side of the diaphragm where the atmospheric pressure is received. Further, when the solenoid is not energized, the high suction pressure Ps urges the second plunger toward the core via the diaphragm, and a spring causes the first plunger to urge the valve element to the fully open position, which enables the variable displacement compressor to be controlled to the minimum capacity.

Abstract: A power transmission for a compressor includes a driven member rotatable by an engine. The power transmission includes a drive member rotatable coaxially with the driven member to rotate a shaft of a compressor for regulating displacement of the compressor. The power transmission includes a link interconnecting the driven member and the drive member with each other in a crossing direction relative to the drive shaft. The link is disengageable from one member of the driven member and the drive member.

Abstract: Pump comprising a body (10), an actuating shaft (1) on which at least a first impeller (21a) and a second impeller (21b) are coaxially mounted, each being housed in a respective front chamber (15a) and rear chamber (15b) respectively connected to a fluid intake duct (11) and a fluid delivery duct (13), in which said front chamber (15a) is delimited by said body (10) and by an interstage body (16), said rear chamber (15b) is delimited by said interstage body (16) and by a shield (23), said interstage body has two volutes (22a, 22b) respectively associated with the corresponding first impeller (21a) and second impeller (21b), a first discharge orifice (16a) connecting the volute (22a) of the first impeller (21a) to the exterior, a second discharge orifice (16c) connecting the volute (22b) of the second impeller (21b) to the delivery duct (13), inside said body (10) there being formed a channel (17) for the throughflow of the fluid from said first chamber (15a) to the means for supplying the fluid to the second

Abstract: An air impeller, comprising a frame, a bladed wheel (4) provided with blades (42) for producing a substantially axial flow of a gaseous medium, an alternating-current motor (5) for rotating the bladed wheel, said alternating-current motor comprising a fixed stator (52-54) and a ro-tating rotor, and a frequency converter (6) or inverter for controlling the alternating-current motor, and in which the rotor of the alternating-current motor is integrated with the bladed wheel (4), being placed on its outer rim, and the stator is placed in the frame of the air impeller outside the rotor so that the stator produces rotation of both the rotor and the bladed wheel. The frequency converter (6) or inverter is integrated with the stator or a part of it to form a unitary, frequency-converter or inverter-controlled air im-peller structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mounting structure of a blower for a vacuum cleaner comprising a mounting cover for fixing the blower to a body base so that the blower is structurally separated from a body cover. The mounting cover is put on the upper surface of the blower disposed on supporting ribs, and connected to the body base, and then the body cover is put on the body base. The blower is fixedly interposed between the supporting ribs and the mounting cover and separated from the body cover, thereby preventing oscillation generated by the blower from being transmitting to the body cover and then preventing the oscillation of the body cover and the consequently occurring noise of the body cover.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-injected screw compressor, comprising a compressor element (2) with a housing (7) which borders a compression chamber (8) in which two rotors (9, 10) are installed, which, by means of an axle ends (13, 14; 15, 16), are borne in the housing (7) by means of water-lubricated slide bearings (1), an electric motor (3) comprising a housing (18) which carries a stator (19) at the inside, which stator surrounds a rotor (21) with a rotor shaft (22). An axle end (13) of one of the rotors (9) is directly coupled to or forms one piece with the rotor shaft (22) of the motor (3), said rotor shaft being located in the prolongation of said axle end. The rotor shaft (22) of the motor (3) is borne in at least one water-lubricated slide bearing (23).

Abstract: Fluid cooled diaphragms for diaphragm compressors are provided which utilize a multi-layer diaphragm with an upper or gas contacting later, and a bottom or lower layer, which has cooling grooves through which cooling fluid is circulated to reduce the diaphragm temperature. Additionally the upper surface of the diaphragm may be subjected to high loading to indent the surface and produce grooves for gas escape passageways. The gas contacting and grooved layer can be joined over part of the entire surface, or the grooved layer not connected to the other layer. Two or more layers may be used as required.

Abstract: A diaphragm pump which overcomes the problem of diaphragm failure due to overfill of the oil transfer chamber and the inability to self-prime. A notch is provided in the upper portion of the surface of the cylinder so that air can be forced back to the reservoir. In addition, the bias spring connected to the diaphragm and supported by the piston is made stiff with a spring constant that produces a bias pressure that can overcome abnormal suction pressures.

Abstract: A pump includes an outer body; and a wall within said outer body. The outer body and the wall define a pumping cavity and an excitation cavity within the outer body. An excitable medium is contained within the excitation cavity. An excitation source is coupled to said excitable medium. This excitation source is operable to excite the excitable medium and create a standing wave therein. The standing wave acts through the wall to pump said fluid through said pumping cavity. Advantageously, the excitable medium is isolated from the pumped fluid by the wall.

Abstract: A microfluidic device including a fluidic pumping system is provided. Some embodiments include a fluid-carrying channel, a plurality of acoustic pumping elements arranged along the fluid-carrying channel, wherein the acoustic pumping elements are configured to form an acoustic wave focused within the channel, and a controller in electrical communication with the plurality of acoustic pumping elements, the controller being configured to activate the acoustic pumping elements in such a manner as to cause the acoustic wave to move along the channel to move the fluid through the channel.

Abstract: An electric inline blower-fan type air system device that operates with a fan blade, powered by a megnetic brushless electronic pulse commutation motor provided by dependable polarity protected solid state circuitry. It has a (+) red leadwire terminal in which is equiped with an inline fuse protection, and a (−) black leadwire terminal for ground. The fan includes ball bearings bushing for long life and maximum speed. There is a two part casting, the front exhust portion in which the fan motor connects to and a rear hallow intake. They are both held together by three bolts fasteners. The fan propeller is polycarbonate black and the housing is cast aluminum with a powder coated black exterior finish.

Abstract: The object is to provide a water pump which machining accuracy and assembling accuracy can be easily improved.

Abstract: A fuel pump is provided that is submersible within a fuel, for example, within a fuel tank of an automotive vehicle and is particularly suited for use with high alcohol content fuels that tend to contain ionic species. The fuel pump comprises an electric motor that includes a commutator and a negative brush electrode that is connected to a negative terminal of an external power supply. The electric motor is at least partially disposed within a metal shell that is in contact with the fuel. The metal shell is also connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply. During operation, a negative electrical potential is applied to the metal shell to preferentially react with ions within the fuel. In this manner, the metal shell serves as a sacrificial anode to reduce the concentration of ionic species in the fuel, thereby decreasing reactions with the brush electrode and extending the useful life of the fuel pump.

Abstract: A pump capable of releasing excessive air is shown to include a hollow base, a cylinder installed on and communicated with the hollow base, a piston movably received in the cylinder, a piston tube including a lower end connected with the piston and an upper end located beyond the cylinder, a tube including a lower end communicated with the hollow base and an upper end inserted into the piston tube through a channel defined in the piston, a release valve mounted on the upper end of the piston tube and a handle mounted on the upper end of the piston tube. The valve is installed on the handle so that it can be touched conveniently and operated easily by a user who is using the pump.

Abstract: A valve designed to limit inadvertent operation of the valve. The valve has a shortened plunger, a collar to prevent tilt of the plunger, and a conformable ring on the valve face. The plunger is provided with a groove sized and dimensioned to partially receive the inner surface of the ring.

Abstract: A cylinder assembly for a hermetic compressor includes a cylinder block having a cylinder in which a piston reciprocates; a cylinder head connected to a cylinder block to seal the cylinder, the head having an inlet hole and being divided by a partition into a first and a second discharge chamber that serve as an outlet path. A valve assembly formed between the cylinder block and the cylinder head, which controls refrigerant outlet and inlet to and from the cylinder according to different refrigerant pressures inside and outside the cylinder. When a sound wave (that is created as the suction valve or the discharge valve hits the valve plate) escapes to a discharge valve through a first and second discharge chambers, sound transmission loss occurs due to boundary interference and as a result, the sound wave is reduced. By this method, noise can be reduced in operating the compressor.

Abstract: A scroll type of fluid machinery, in which two housings are fixed to each other, two stationary scrolls are fixed to the two housings, two orbiting scrolls are assembled together with the stationary scrolls to form volume changing mechanisms, three orbiting units are located between the two orbiting scrolls and are arranged to form an anti-self-rotation mechanism for the orbiting scrolls. Each of the three orbiting units comprises a rotating member rotatably supported on the two housings and a thrust-canceling shaft rotatably supported in an eccentric through-hole in the rotating member. Each thrust-canceling shaft is fixed between the two orbiting scrolls. When any one or more of the aforementioned rotating members are driven, the two orbiting scrolls orbit with respect to the stationary scrolls to cause the fluid volumes change. The thrust forces exerted on the two orbiting scrolls cancel one another through the thrust-canceling shafts.

Abstract: A housing for a micro pump or like micro system has at least three structured elements which are layered and which respectively form a support plate, a connecting block and a base element with a further plate-shaped layered structure element located between the connecting block and the support plate and serving with the axially oriented or circumferentially-oriented channel section for conveying fluid between the connecting block and the support plate.

Abstract: In a screw compressor for a refrigerator, suction-side rotor shafts of screw rotors are supported rotatably by angular ball bearings for forward thrust load, an annular gap is formed between the angular ball bearings and a suction-side bearing casing, and outermost end faces of outer rings of the angular ball bearings are pressed through a spring member by means of a presser member fixed to an end face of the suction-side bearing casing, whereby the angular ball bearings are held movably in the thrust direction within the suction-side bearing casing. Discharge-side rotor shafts of the screw rotors are supported rotatably by angular ball bearings for forward thrust load and an angular ball bearing for reverse thrust load which are held at predetermined certain positions within a discharge-side bearing casing. A screw compressor which permits structural simplification, reduction of size, and lightening of a maintenance burden is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved refrigerant compressor comprising an overall casing, an electric motor with a stator and a rotor which is mounted on a drive shaft, and a screw compressor. A compressor screw of the screw compressor is mounted on the drive shaft, which is rotatably mounted in the casing by a first radial bearing between the rotor and the compressor screw and a second radial bearing disposed on a side of the compressor screw lying opposite the first radial bearing. The drive shaft is mounted in the casing by a third radial bearing disposed on a side of the rotor lying opposite the first radial bearing. A portion of the drive shaft which extends between the first radial bearing and one of the second and third radial bearings being adapted to compensate for alignment errors between the three radial bearings.

Abstract: The present invention provides a PFA resin helical blade for use in a compressor, which is superior in dimensional precision and surface smoothness with a superior anti-fatigue property, and a manufacturing method thereof. In a manufacturing method of a compressor-use helical blade of the present invention, a PFA composite resin, which is formed by mixing an inorganic filler with a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroalkylvinyl ether copolymer (PFA resin) having a —CH2OH terminal group, which has not been subjected to a stabilizing process, and has fluidity of not ness than 15 g/10 min, is used, and after the resin has been molded into a helical blade through an injection-molding process, the resulting matter is subjected to a heating process at a temperature from 280 to 300° C. for a period from not less than 10 hours to not more than 300 hours.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for preparing a soft magnetic material which meets demands for low iron loss, high density, high strength and high productivity. The method comprises a surface oxidation step of forming oxide films on the surfaces of a soft magnetic powder, a step of preparing a molding compound of the soft magnetic powder by mixing a soft magnetic powder and a binder with a predetermined blending ratio, a press molding step of press-molding the molding compound of the soft magnetic powder into a predetermined shape, and a sintering step of sintering the press-molded soft magnetic powder to produce a soft magnetic material, wherein a millimeter wave sintering apparatus or a discharge plasma sintering apparatus is used as a heating means in the surface oxidation step or in the sintering step.

Abstract: A relatively economical process allows producing sintered shaped parts, such as sliding sleeves in motor vehicle transmissions. Open-pored undercut surfaces are formed at an internal toothing by hypocycloid milling of the part prior to its final hardening.

Abstract: The invention shows how powder injection molding may be used to form a continuous body having multiple parts, each of which has different functional properties such as corrosion resistance or hardness, there being no connective materials such as solder or glue between the parts. This is accomplished through careful control of the relative shrinkage rates of these various parts. Although there is no limit to how many parts with different functional properties can make up an object, special attention is paid to certain pairs of functional properties that are difficult and/or expensive to combine in a single object when other manufacturing means are used.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the cross-hole pressing of cutting inserts is disclosed whereby a green part is fabricated using metallurgical powder and an opening is imparted within the green part by placing the metallurgical powder about an oval-shaped core rod. Using a press with a uni-axial press motion, a core rod is placed within the cavity of a mold and metallurgical powder placed around the core rod and thereafter compressed to form a green part. The subject invention is also directed to an article formed utilizing such a process and the uni-axial press used to produce such an insert.

Abstract: Platinum, silver and gold solder compositions for repairing, assembling, or sizing jewelry. Platinum compositions having about 90% to about 95% by weight platinum. Silver compositions having at least 92.5% by weight silver. Gold solder compositions having about 25% to about 91.6% gold. The platinum and silver solder compositions further consisting of about 8.3% to about 75% by weight of an alloy consisting essentially of gallium, indium and copper in respective ratios of 6:3:1. The gold solder compositions further consisting of about 2% to about 14% by weight of an alloy consisting essentially of gallium, indium, and copper in respective ratios of 6:3:1. The melting temperature ranges of the respective solder compositions are from about 1300° C. to about 1500° C. for platinum, from about 1000° F to about 1400° F for silver, and from about 1100° F to about 1550° F.

Abstract: A process for making aluminum alloy finstock having improved combinations of post-braze tensile strength, electrical conductivity and self-corrosion resistance. The process includes continuously casting into sheet an alloy composition. The composition includes about 0.35-0.60 wt. % Si, about 1.8-2.6 wt. % Fe, about 0.02-0.30 wt. % Cu, about 0.40-0.70 wt. % Mn, up to about 3.0 wt. % Zn, up to about 0.05 wt. % In; up to about 0.05 wt. % Ti and up to about 0.2 wt. % Zr, the balance aluminum, incidental elements and impurities. The casting including a solidification rate of greater than about 200° C./sec. The sheet is then rolled to an intermediate anneal gauge and then annealed. The sheet is then cold rolled to a desired final gauge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a work-hardened product, particularly a rolled, extruded or forged product, made of an alloy with the following composition (% by weight):

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward the use of a reaction product of an alkynediol and a polyalkylene polyamine to inhibit intergranular corrosion of metal surfaces in industrial processing systems caused by spray water mist or condensation.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for sterilizing serum or plasma to reduce the level of one or more active biological contaminants or pathogens therein, such as viruses, bacteria, (including inter- and intracellular bacteria, such as mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas, nanobacteria, chlamydia, rickettsias), yeasts, molds, fungi, prions or similar agents responsible, alone or in combination, for TSEs and/or single or multicellular parasites. The methods involve sterilizing serum or plasma with irradiation.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and unit (3) for sterilizing sheet packaging material (2) for producing sealed packages of pourable food products. The method includes the step of directing on to opposite faces (2a, 2b) of the packaging material (2) respective low-voltage electron beams, each having an energy of at most 100 KeV.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a number of UV generators needed to destroy at least 90% of biological matter in an air stream of a ventilation system is disclosed. The method comprises determining the number of UV generators needed to destroy a proportion of biological matter in the air stream of the ventilation system.

Abstract: Materials and methods are provided for producing patterned multi-array, multi-specific surfaces for use in diagnostics. The invention provides for electrochemiluminescence methods for detecting or measuring an analyte of interest. It also provides for novel electrodes for ECL assays. Materials and methods are provided for the chemical and/or physical control of conducting domains and reagent deposition for use multiply specific testing procedures.

Abstract: Devices having microfluidic features and arrays joined to electronics components are described. In an embodiment, the array includes a flexible array substrate. The electronics components have circuitry that may e.g. detect reactions or control conditions on the device via a feedback loop. Modular architecture provides for different combinations of microfluidic components, array components, and/or electronics components that can be used to create customized processing and analysis tools.