Abstract: A wireless security module (20) adapted to authenticate a mobile device (16), such as a mobile telephone, thereby to allow communication between the mobile device and a terminal (12), such as a self-service terminal. The wireless security module (20) is paired with the mobile device (16) and is adapted to send an authentication signal to the mobile device (16) or the terminal (12) using a wireless communication path, such as a telecommunications network or an IR link or a Bluetooth connection.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electromechanical lock cylinder with integrated electronic control means which upon electronically detectable access rights creates and/or enables a rotating-connection between a lock catch which operates a lock bolt and manually or motor operated actuation means. According to the invention it is provided that the electronic control means of the cylinder lock comprise at least one wireless data signal transmission interface for transmitting data and in particular data for programming the access codes for the access rights.

Abstract: A boarding environment controlling apparatus is disclosed including: a communicating element for communicating with a communication device which detects a detection target object for personal authentication; a registration storing element for storing registration of setting status information denoting a predetermined boarding environment of a vehicle in association with each of persons to be authenticated in a personal authentication process performed in accordance with the detection target object detected by the communication device; a door lock controlling element for unlocking doors of the vehicle when any one of the persons is authenticated in the personal authentication process; and a setting status controlling element which, if any one of the persons is authenticated in the personal authentication process, changes the boarding environment setting status of the vehicle in accordance with the setting status information associated with the authenticated person from among the setting status information stor

Abstract: A security system for notifying a driver that a mechanical key is being retained in a portable device. The portable device has an indicator that is illuminated when the mechanical key is not retained in the portable device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for receiving first signals and further signals using a receiver, the first and further signals differing in at least one of the transmission parameters data rate, modulation type, wake-up criterion, synchronization and threshold value, whereby in a first step, in a quiescent mode of the receiver, receiving and searching for a wake-up criterion (A) is performed intermittently using a first preset adjustable configuration of transmission parameters, and when no signal is received and no wake-up criterion (A) is found, the system switches to at least one further configuration and a search is made for a wake-up criterion (B).

Abstract: Inputs from a plurality of information sources including in-vehicle sensors (11, 12, and 13) are collected by a processing unit (14) to provide an integrated consideration of such inputs specific to the characteristics of the current driver. This integrated consideration is then used to source a couching output that is suitable for a driver of the vehicle.

Abstract: A detection system for use with a motor vehicle automated window control that determines when an obstruction or an intrusion occurs in a gap between the window frame and the window edge. A signal processor controls outputs depending upon the operating condition of the motor. When the motor is driving the window to a closed position, an obstruction inserted in the gap between the window and the frame actuates a motor stop or a motor reversal command to the window motor controller. When the window is stationary, an obstruction in the gap generates a signal at a threshold that enables an alarm siren.

Abstract: A system having dual functionality implemented on a semi-trailer is provided. The system includes a sensor attached to a rear of the semi-trailer, a processing and display assembly, other systems associated with the semi-trailer, and wiring connected therebetween. The wiring may also be connected to other systems associated with the semi-trailer. The sensor senses the distance between a back end of the semi-trailer and an object behind the semi-trailer. Based on the distance sensed, the processing and display assembly flashes colored lights, visible to the semi-trailer driver, to inform the driver of the distance to an object behind the semi-trailer. The processing and display assembly also monitors the status of other systems associated with the semi-trailer. Based on the status, the processing and display assembly continuously shines colored lights, visible to the semi-trailer driver, to inform the driver of the status of the other systems.

Abstract: A seatbelt fastening prompting apparatus comprises a display device of driving assistance information which displays driving assistance information on a screen, a seatbelt fastening detection device which detects a fastening situation of a seatbelt as to whether the seatbelt is fastened or unfastened, a vehicle speed detection device which detects a vehicle speed, and a control device which allows the screen to display warning contents to the effect that the seatbelt should be fastened, when an ignition switch is turned on and the seatbelt is detected as being unfastened by the seatbelt fastening detection device. In the seatbelt fastening prompting apparatus, the warning contents are changed to raise a warning level thereof step by step in accordance with the vehicle speed.

Abstract: A security process setup module sets security processes of important data upon occurrence of emergency situations for respective data and respective types of emergency situations, and stores the setup contents in a security process setup table. An emergency situation detection module monitors signals from a LAN and the Internet. Upon detection of occurrence of any emergency situation based on any received signal, the module advises a security process execution module accordingly. Upon reception of this advice, the security process execution module executes the security processes of important data for respective data and the respective types of emergency situations on the basis of the security process setup table.

Abstract: A process of detecting and communicating alarm events by a security system is disclosed. Sensors in communication with the security system are monitored, where specific changes in outputs of the sensors indicate an alarm event. It is determined whether a landline communication medium connecting the security system with a monitoring headquarters is active, when the alarm event is detected. Data, indicating the alarm event, is sent over the landline communication medium to the monitoring headquarters when the landline communication medium is determined to be active. Also, data, indicating the alarm event, is sent over a wireless communication medium to the monitoring headquarters when the landline communication medium is not determined to be active.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that automatically tracks, monitors and schedules the shipping of objects through carriers such as delivery trucks, ships, or planes is disclosed. A tracking tag is attached to each shipped object. The tracking tag and transportation system uses such techniques as GPS, cellular technology, and bar coding, and sensors such as those that make temperature, pressure, and noise measurements as sources of tracking information. Logic rules and hierarchical weights are given to each source, for any given condition so that the most accurate tracking is made. Tracking is continuous throughout the object's trip. Another set of logic rules is applied to take actions to intervene in the shipping process. For example if it seems the object is off schedule, upgrades or downgrades to the shipping are made. The transportation system can be integrated within a customer's company to facilitate easy scheduling, and production management.

Abstract: A device to enable identification to a wireless security and alerting system which includes a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit is provided. Each transmitter is provided with at least two buttons. A visitor uses a main push button. At least one discreet button is used discreetly by a member, such that the receiver will chime differently, thus allowing the residents within the hearing range to distinguish between a visitor from a member. The device also includes a low battery warning arrangement. An example allows a plurality of locations in a building to be equipped with such transmitters, which are connected to at least one receiver. An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or the like device is employed in a transmitter circuit, and a microprocessor or the like device in a receiver circuit.

Abstract: Techniques for initiating direct communication between an emergency medical device, such as an automated external defibrillator (AED) and a safety agency may include detecting an event and contacting the safety agency in response to the detected event and user authorization. For example, the AED may detect an event such as removal of the AED from a mount and alert an operator of the intent to send contact the safety agency. The AED determines whether an override command was received from the operator in a defined amount of time. When the operator does not input an override command, the AED interprets the absence of the override command as user authorization and contacts the safety agency via a communication unit. For instance, the AED may generate an advisory and send the advisory to the safety agency. The initiation of direct communication between the AED and the safety agency by the AED enables the operator to interact with a patient, e.g., perform CPR on the patient.

Abstract: Tamper detecting enclosures are described. In one configuration, an inflated balloon at least partially surrounds a module in an enclosure and biases at least one normally opened switch into a closed position during normal operation. If an attacker attempts to attack the enclosure, the balloon should at least partially deflate and cause the switch to return to its normally opened position thereby detecting the attack. In another configuration, the balloon is adhered to the inside wall of the outer enclosure.

Abstract: A displacement sensing system including an oscillator circuit having a characteristic frequency which varies as a function of a magnetic field in the vicinity thereof, an element whose position relative to the oscillator circuit is varied by a displacement, the element being operative to vary the magnetic field in the vicinity of the oscillator circuit as a function of the displacement and circuitry for sensing a change of frequency of the oscillator circuit over time (delta f/delta t) and for providing an output indication when the change in frequency of the oscillator circuit over time exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: A method for tracking and handling people and articles at an airport using Radio-Frequency Identification (“RFID”) tags. The RFID tag contains an electronic microchip with a memory portion, permanently attached to a substrate having a planar antenna. Each RFID tag is tuned to operate at a specific frequency and includes a unique identifier number stored in the memory portion. Passenger-specific information, such as passenger name, address and flight itinerary may be sent to the microchip for storage in the memory portion by means of an RF field provided by an external “scanner” device. The scanner also provides a means for reading data stored in the memory portion of the microchip. The RFID tag is small, rugged, and unobtrusive, allowing it to be applied to passenger articles and documents, allowing for more efficient check-in, automated tracking of articles, theft prevention, and increased security.

Abstract: An IC card 10A has a mica capacitor that comprises a mica film 1 and electrodes 6a, 6b formed on both sides thereof, where the mica film 1 serves as a mounting substrate for an antenna coil 2 and an IC chip 3, thereby reducing profile of an IC card and also reducing its cost of manufacture and to stabilize its resonance frequency.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting and holding a fishing rod that includes a sensing device to detect a fish strike and an alarm to signal the fish strike audibly and/or visually to the user. Then invention includes a structure that holds and supports the fishing rod in an upright position. The handle of the fishing rod is placed in a tubular fishing rod holder. A fish strike pulls the tip of the fishing rod down, thereby forcing the proximal end of the handle of the fishing rod up within the fishing rod holder. The fishing rod handle activates a switch which closes an electric circuit. An alarm is in turn connected to the tubular fishing rod holder. When a fish strikes, and the switch is activated, a circuit is closed, activating the alarm and producing an audio and/or visual signal. The device permits the user to select among two or more distinct audio alarms, thereby allowing multiple users to operate the invention in the same location at the same time.

Abstract: A device is provided for alerting a driver of an automotive vehicle as to the onset of fatigue, characterized by eyelid droop, head droop and a like condition wherein the eyes of the driver are not directed straight ahead onto the road. The device includes an indicator light, preferably an LED, which is viewable by the driver in the upper periphery of the field of vision of the driver. A control circuit controls the LED so as to provide illumination thereof after a predetermined time interval. A reset pushbutton, when depressed, provides resetting of the time interval. An alarm sounds when the LED has been illuminated after the passage of the predetermined time interval. The device is automatically deactivated (or, reset) when, e.g., the brakes are applied or the engine speed drops to a low value. The device is automatically activated when the engine is turned on or, e.g., when the vehicle speed or other parameter reaches a predetermined value.

Abstract: An improved thermal sensing alarm structure comprises a closed chassis having an upper casing with a Fresnel lens and a lower casing; a circuit board between the upper and lower casings; a plurality of wedges protruded from both inner lateral sides of the upper casing such that the upper and lower casing being latched by the latching grooves and wedges; a DC power socket, a long pin terminal, and battery power supply wire being soldered on the circuit board; at least one embedding groove with appropriate width and a set of terminal slot being disposed at an end of the lower casing, such that the circuit board can be inserted into the embedding groove and terminal slot and fixed by the DC power socket and long pin terminal.

Abstract: A fluid level monitor is provided for use in a tree stand. The tree stand defines a fluid-containing well for receiving a cut end of a tree. The monitor includes a body, and an indicator located on the body. A fluid sensor is operatively connected to the indicator, and is adapted for communicating with the well of the tree stand. When the fluid contained in the well reaches a predetermined minimum level, the fluid sensor causes the indicator to emit an alarm indicating a low level fluid condition in the well.

Abstract: RFID tags attached to a product contain information regarding the product and communicate this information to a reader. This information can include the age of the product, the amount of product left and preparation or care instructions for the product. To record the age of a product, a timer is initiated in the RFID tag. Thereafter, the elapsed time on the timer can be read and displayed by the reader. For other products, the RFID tag can have contacts monitoring the level of remaining product. Once the contacts sense that the amount of product is low, this information can be transmitted and communicated by the reader. Preparation and care instructions are prerecorded on the tag. Instructions can also be communicated between a product and a base, such as a heater.

Abstract: Described is a system for detecting toxic levels of a contaminate in a monitored area. The system controls an air evacuation device that operates in response to the detection of a predetermined level of contamination. The system also acts to deactivate appliances that may be contributing to the level of contamination. In addition, the system alerts local emergency units with a pre-recorded message of the emergency situation.

Abstract: Determining near-end-of-life (NEOL) state of a combustion engine battery, comprising: first and second multi-functional modules operatively connected to a logic function linking group, each operating with different low cranking strength criteria based on using different reference voltages, and each counting a different number of occurrences of low cranking strength exhibited by the battery, for a plurality of engine startings; a third multi-functional module, additionally operatively connected to the logic function linking group, monitoring extent the battery was recharged by the charging system of the combustion engine during previous operation of the combustion engine, during each engine starting; and logic function linking group, performing logic operations and making decisions using simultaneously received output values of first, second, and third, multi-functional modules, for unambiguously determining a single logically correct specific case associated with the combustion engine battery in, or not in, t

Abstract: This invention relates to self-propelled, mobile input/output bins (MIOBs). Such structures of this type, generally, allow several MIOBs to communicate with one another and a data center. For example, the MIOBs can communicate with a data center if one of the MIOBs experiences a breakdown so that MIOB can be sent to assist with the breakdown.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for sensing barrier position in a barrier movement system are disclosed. Electrical apparatus is connected to the barrier and generates a barrier position signal representative of barrier positions which may be used by a controller to detect barrier position. The electrical apparatus can be manually adjusted to reflect a first barrier position such as a closed position. Other barrier positions can be sensed by comparing the barrier position signal to other manually adjustable position signals.

Abstract: Systems and methods for guiding emergency personnel to a location after being in close proximity of the location are described. One embodiment of the method comprises recognizing a situation and activating at least one light source located at a location on recognizing the situation.

Abstract: A system and method for communicating information between downhole equipment in a wellbore and surface equipment, comprising a first device disposed in a wellbore for receiving at least one first signal and transmitting at least one second signal. A surface device is used for receiving the at least one second signal and transmitting the at least one first signal. At least one repeater is disposed at a predetermined location in a wall of the wellbore for receiving and retransmitting the first signal and the second signal. A method for communicating information between downhole equipment in a wellbore and surface equipment, comprises deploying a tubular member in the wellbore, the tubular member having a transmitter disposed therein; disposing at least one signal repeater at a predetermined location in a wall of the wellbore; and transmitting a signal from the transmitter to a surface receiver through the at least one repeater.

Abstract: A system for identification of a tire on a motor vehicle is proposed, said tire being at least partly equipped with a magnetized material, said system comprising at least one vehicle-mounted reading unit for sensing the magnetized material and a control unit that is connected to the reading unit. The magnetized material represents a magnetic code that is designed in tire-type-specific fashion.

Abstract: This invention relates to data communication equipment (DCE), more specifically, high speed transmission of electronic data between data terminal equipment (DTE). The invention sets forth a method and a device for transmitting a voltage signal waveform as a series of current pulses onto, for instance, a communication line. The method requires converting an input voltage signal waveform to a current signal waveform and transmitting the resulting current pulses onto a communication line wherein a predetermined bias voltage is maintained.

Abstract: A luminous alarm device comprises an illumination body, a plurality of legs, a sliding ring, a positioning toggle, and a retaining seat. One end of the leg is formed with a first buckle and another end thereof has a rib. A distal end of the rib is extended with a second buckle. The rib bends with respect to the leg. The sliding ring is mounted at an upper edge of the cylinder. A sliding ring is slidable along the cylinder. A plurality of first slots are installed at the sliding ring for buckling the first buckles. The retaining seat is firmly secured to the cylinder. An inner wall of the retaining seat is formed with a plurality of second slots for buckling the second buckles. When the sliding ring slides along the cylinder, the legs will be folded or expanded so as to use or store the luminous alarm device.

Abstract: The invention provides a Controller-Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC) module that can be operatively connected to a cockpit audio system to aurally provide a pilot messages the module receives from ground control and to allow the pilot to operate the module with spoken commands. The module includes an enunciator circuit for playing out a string of digital audio data associated with a message and a voice recognition component for recognizing spoken commands and performing tasks in response to the commands. Thus, the pilot can use CPDLC protocols to exchange information with ground control yet communicate with ground control by listening and talking as if he was communicating with a voice radio. The module can also visually present messages and other information and receive input from programmable buttons and a knob. The functions of the buttons and knob change as the operational state of the module changes.

Abstract: A capacitive motion sensor includes a primary plate including a primary pattern replicated periodically, a secondary plate including a plurality of pattern regions with an insulated region inserted therebetween, wherein each of the pattern regions has a secondary pattern replicated periodically, a signal source for sending a plate input signal to the primary plate, and a displacement measuring unit for receiving a plurality of plate output signals from the secondary plate to measure a displacement of a moving one of the plates with respect to the other one of the plates.

Abstract: A keyboard includes a circuit board on which a silo is formed. A pushbutton structure includes a cap from which a post extends. The post is movably received in the silo whereby the cap is movable between a released position and an actuated position. The keyboard includes a resilient cone supporting the post at the released position. When the pushbutton is depressed, the cap moves from the released position to the actuated position where the post deforms the cone to trigger a contact switch of the circuit board and generate a signal indicating the depression. Two resilient slide tabs are formed on opposite sides of the post and each slide tab has an inclined surface for resiliency-biased engagement with an inside surface of the silo to ensure stable and sound movement of the cap with respect to the silo. A stop bar is mounted to the post by two fingers on opposite sides of each slide tab. The stop bar is selectively engageable with an internal shoulder of the silo to retain the cap at the released position.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer readable medium adapted to transmit a signal, comprises a receiver adapted to receive a first signal and produce a buffered signal; a transform adapted to produce pulses and index segments based on the buffered signal, wherein the transform is coupled to the receiver; a collection module adapted to receive and store the pulses and the index segments; and a transmitter adapted to transmit at least one of a following data from a group consisting of: the produced pulses and index segments; and the stored pulses and index segments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modulation apparatus and method for more accurately determining a value of a control bit to be inserted into a data sequence, and to a DSV-control-bit generating method. A 1-7 PP data conversion unit 52 supplies modulation-delimiter information including information regarding delimiters of modulation of a data sequence based on a conversion table based on Table 3 to a modulation-delimiter detecting unit 81, and supplies to a valid-delimiter detecting unit 81 a DSV-segment-delimiter signal including information regarding a delimiter position of a DSV segment of the data sequence including the DSV control bit inserted. The modulation-delimiter detecting unit 81 detects modulation-delimiter positions based on the modulation-delimiter information supplied thereto, and supplies a modulation-delimiter signal to the valid-delimiter detecting unit 82.

Abstract: In a method of lossless processing of an integer value signal in a prediction filter which includes a quantiser, a numerator of the prediction filter is implemented prior to the quantiser and a denominator of the prediction filter is implemented recursively around the quantiser to reduce the peak data rate of an output signal. In the lossless processor, at each sample instant, an input to the quantiser is jointly responsive to a first sample value of a signal input to the prediction filter, a second sample value of a signal input to the prediction filter at a previous sample instant, and an output value of the quantiser at a previous sample incident. In a preferred embodiment, the prediction filter includes noise shaping for affecting the output of the quantiser.

Abstract: A D/A converter can convert M digital signals to M analog signals simultaneously in accordance with used conditions, where M is an integer greater than one. The D/A converter includes a current matrix cell, N weighting cells, and a control circuit, where N is an integer equal to or greater than M. The control circuit divides the current matrix cell in accordance with the number M of digital signals to be D/A converted, and supplies the current matrix cell after the division with specified bits constituting the M digital signals. The control circuit also supplies only the M weighting cells out of the N weighting cells with the remaining bits of the individual M digital signals. The M analog signals are obtained by adding the M currents the current matrix cell produces and the M currents the M weighting cells produce.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to obtain a high A/D or D/A conversion accuracy, even when there exists a slope in the insulating layer film thickness distribution of the capacitors. The DAC comprises: a capacitor array for storing electric charges in accordance with a digital voltage signal; and an operational amplifier of which input terminal is connected with the capacitor array and amplifies a voltage which corresponds to the electric charges. Here, the capacitor array comprises a plurality of unit capacitors which comprises 2n divisional capacitors which are of the same shape and are connected in parallel. The divisional capacitors are linearly disposed in mirror symmetry about a center line of the capacitor array and one half of the divisional capacitors every unit capacitor is disposed at one side of the center line and another half is disposed at the another side of the center line.

Abstract: Digital signals of the most significant bit to the least significant bit are supplied to a digital calibration operation unit from a redundancy correction circuit, and an intermediate high order 2-bit digital signal is supplied to a correction value selection circuit. A DC control signal is supplied to the correction value selection circuit. A plurality of groups of correction values corresponding to the values of the intermediate high order 2-bit digital signal are stored in advance in a correction value ROM. The correction value selection circuit reads out a correction value from the correction value ROM based on the DC control signal and the intermediate high order 2-bit digital signal. The digital calibration operation unit adds the correction value AM to the digital signals of the most significant bit to the least significant bit, and outputs a resulting value as a digital output value.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes an input pad for receiving an externally generated analog signal, and a pre-sampling circuit for pre-sampling at least one internally generated analog reference signal. An analog-to-digital converter is connected to the input pad for providing a numerical value of the externally generated analog signal, and is connected to the pre-sampling circuit for providing a numerical value of the internally generated analog reference signal. A fault signaling circuit is connected to the pre-sampling circuit and to the analog-to-digital converter for generating a fault signal when the numerical value of the externally generated analog signal is equal to the numerical value of the internally generated analog reference signal. The fault signal indicates that an electrical connection providing the externally generated analog signal to the input pad is faulty.

Abstract: A variable resolution analog-to-digital converter includes a sample-and-hold circuit including a plurality of sample-and-hold units which are connected in parallel and selectively activated corresponding to a required resolution to sample and hold an analog input signal, a plurality of conversion stages connected in cascade to an output of the sample-and-hold circuit to convert an output signal of the sample-and-hold circuit to a plurality of bit signals, and a synthesis circuit to synthesize the bit signals, to generate a digital output signal.

Abstract: Beams are irradiated in three directions by switching an irradiation direction of a mainlobe of an antenna by stages, and an echo is received from a detection object obtained in the mainlobe or a sidelobe in each irradiation direction. Then, reflection power intensity in each irradiation direction is found from the received echo, and pattern of relative variation of the reflection power intensity (power intensity pattern) in each irradiation direction is generated. Meanwhile, a detection region is divided into seven bearings “c” to “i” and a power intensity pattern when an object exists in each bearing is previously stored as a reference pattern in each bearing. Then, the bearing in which the detection object exists is specified by comparing the power intensity pattern obtained from the received echo with the reference pattern in each bearing.

Abstract: In a system, a frequency-modulating unit is configured to frequency-modulate a radar wave signal within a predetermined frequency modulation range from bottom to top so that a frequency of the frequency-modulated radar wave changes in time. The rate of frequency change of the radar wave signal in time is set to F0/Tf. The F0 represents a center frequency in the frequency modulation range. The Tf represents the predetermined constant time. A mixing unit is configured to mix the transmitted frequency-modulated radar wave signal and the reflection signal to obtain a beat signal. The beat signal is based on a frequency difference between a frequency of the transmitted radar wave signal and that of the reflection signal. A sweeping unit is configured to sweep the beat signal within the frequency modulation range from one of the bottom and the top to the other thereof to obtain a frequency component of the beat signal.

Abstract: Provided is a radar apparatus capable of continuously and stably making a detection of a target even if a reflected wave from a target already detected falls into obscurity due to the presence of low-frequency noises or reflected waves from other targets. An estimated value of information on a target to be obtained when the target is detected in the present cycle are acquired from the target detected in a previous cycle. When a peak compatible with the estimated value is detected in only one of a frequency-rising section and a frequency falling section of a radar wave, if the frequency of the non-detected peak pertains a low-frequency noise domain or if a side-by-side travel flag is set with respect to the target detected in the previous cycle, the non-detected peak is considered as buried by low-frequency noises or peaks of other targets, and a peak pair corresponding to the detected target is extrapolated.

Abstract: A plurality of primary detection regions A to I are scanned by switching a beam width and a beam direction of an antenna. The primary detection regions A to I are formed such that one detection region overlaps at least one of other detection regions. A small region (any one of secondary detection region (1) to (14)) corresponding to a region provided by excluding a region corresponding to a sum of set of the detection regions where a detection object was not detected, from a region corresponding to a product set of the primary detection regions where the object was detected is specified as a bearing in which the object exists, based on detection results of the respective primary detection regions.

Abstract: A method for determining the position of at least one second transmitting and receiving device (3) in respect of a first transmitting and receiving device in a passive access control system operating in the GHz range, comprising the steps of using a radar method, wherein signals (f1, f2) are received in the first transmitting and receiving device on the left-hand side and right-hand side of a modulation frequency (fmod), determining the distance of two signals (f1, f2) closest to the left-hand side and right-hand side modulation frequency (fmod) wherein the distance is proportional to the distance between the first transmitting and receiving device and at least one second transmitting and receiving device (3), so that multipath propagations are not taken into consideration.

Abstract: A power saving device and method for a GPS receiver is provided to have the GPS receiver being connected to an oscillation switch and the vibration generated from moving the GPS receiver can be utilized to actuate the oscillation switch so as to turn on the power of the GPS receiver automatically with a power controller. The oscillation switch makes the power controller turning off the power of the GPS receiver automatically so that the power can be saved economically.

Abstract: A method (500) and a mobile station (160) for determining a code phase are described herein. The mobile station (160) may generate a first auto correlation function (ACF) associated with correlation samples over a range of code phases corresponding to a line-of-sight signal. The mobile station (160) may generate a second ACF within the mobile station based on measured correlation samples over a range of code phases. The mobile station (160) may compare the first ACF to the second ACF to generate a code phase offset between the first and second ACFs. The mobile station (160) may adjust the first ACF to match the second ACF.