Abstract: At least one amplifier is selected from a first bank of non-linear amplifiers. At least one amplifier is selected from a second bank of non-linear amplifiers. The number of amplifiers selected from the first and second banks remains constant. Using the selected amplifiers, first and second components of a digital symbol are amplified using the first and second banks, respectively. The outputs produced by first and second banks are combined to produce an analog representation of the digital symbol.

Abstract: The present invention is a variable gain amplifier for amplifying a radio frequency signal by using a field effect transistor for signal amplification. The variable gain amplifier includes: an input impedance correcting means for correcting the input impedance when varying the gain at the input side of the field effect transistor for signal amplification; an output impedance correcting means for correcting the output impedance when varying the gain at the output side of the field effect transistor for signal amplification; and an amplifier bypass means for passing the radio frequency input signal to the output side by skipping the field effect transistor for signal amplification when varying the gain. According to the present invention, a variable gain amplifier is favorable in the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) at the input and output end regardless of presence or absence of gain variation, and the gain attenuation amount can be arbitrarily set.

Abstract: A wideband common-mode regulation circuit for coupling a differential amplifier, or more particularly a Low Voltage Differential Signaling driver LVDS, to a load generally constituted by a telecommunication transmission line. The regulation circuit only comprises a first resistive pair (R1, R2) to sense the common-mode voltage at the differential input terminals (INP, INN), a second resistive pair (R3, R4) to force the voltage across the load to a predetermined value, and an active device (OTA, INV) coupled between the junction points of the first and the second resistive pairs. The active device is an Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) or, preferably, an inverter (INV). Owing to reduced number of non-dominant poles in the common-mode open-loop transfer characteristic, this regulation circuit provides common-mode loop stability for wide common-mode loop bandwidth.

Abstract: Provided is a system for implementing gain control in an amplification module comprising a first stage amplifier having a number of first stage input and output ports. The first stage amplifier is configured to provide first stage amplification to a received input signal and produce from the amplified input signal a number of output signals. Also included are a number of second stage amplifiers, each having second stage input and output ports, the second stage input ports being respectively coupled to the first stage output ports and being configured to receive the number of output signals. A gain control device is coupled to at least one from the group including the first stage input ports, the first stage output ports, and the second stage output ports. The gain control device is also configured to control a gain of at least one of the first stage amplifier and one or more of the number of second stage amplifiers.

Abstract: A delay mismatched feed forward amplifier system employing a control system and method using floors and penalties is disclosed. The disclosed control system and method allows the second loop phase adjuster setting to be offset in a repeatable and controlled manner. Applying floors and penalties to offset the steady-state phase adjuster setting modifies the conventional pilot cancellation approach. In the conventional case, pilot cancellation has a distinct minimum that corresponds to the desired adjustment setting. In the disclosed approach, the measured pilot cancellation is clipped to a lower bound or floor to produce a set of equal valued minimum control results. The floor is selected to place a desired phase offset to the phase adjuster at the edge of minimum floor. To ensure that the correct phase adjuster offset is selected from the set of equal valued minimum control results, a control direction based penalty is added.

Abstract: An operational amplifier is configured for low voltage operation and better compliance. An exemplary operational amplifier comprises a folded-cascode amplifier with a class-AB biased output stage configured for low voltage operation. The exemplary output stage includes a class-AB control loop being controlled for the upper output device, and with the complementary, lower output device being driven through an additional gain configuration to allow for the necessary compliance voltage. In addition, the lower output device can be configured to operate with a low gate-source voltage.

Abstract: A radio-frequency amplifier is provided. The radio-frequency amplifier includes a transistor having an input terminal, an output terminal, a control terminal, and a transconductance gm. A series-connected feed-through resistance Rf and feed-through capacitance Cf is connected in parallel with the input terminal and the output terminal of the transistor. A load resistance RL is connected to the output terminal. The control terminal of the transistor is biased at a fixed voltage. Part of the transistor noise follows the looped path through the feed-through resistor instead of passing on to the load, which reduces the noise figure of the amplifier. The value of gm, Rf and RL are chosen in a way to keep the input impedance of the amplifier matched to a well-defined signal source impedance.

Abstract: In order that an amplifier with a gain proportional to source voltage is obtained, the drain-source voltages of first and second P-channel MOS-FETs are zero-biased, and a voltage shifted higher by the amount of the threshold voltage of the P-channel MOS-FET on the basis of a voltage obtained by dividing the power source voltage by resistors is applied to the positive input terminal of an operational amplifier. The gate of one of the first and second MOS-FETs is connected to a circuit ground, and a negative fixed voltage with reference to the potential obtained by dividing the power source voltage by resistors is applied to the gate of the other MOS-FET. The ON resistances of the two MOS-FETs are used as the input resistor and the feedback resistor of the operational amplifier, respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to a very wide band amplifier circuit including a distributed amplification cell (100) connected to a biasing cell (200), the amplification cell (100) including several transistors (T1) connected in parallel between a drain line and a grid line, each terminated at one of its ends by a load (Zin, Zout), the biasing cell (200) including at least one transistor (T2) connected between a power source (VDD) and the drain line of the amplification cell (100), said biasing cell having an overall impedance equal to the impedance of the load (Zout) connected to the end of the drain line of the amplification cell (100), characterized in that the grid (G2) of the transistor (T2) of the biasing cell (200) is connected to the node (201) of a divider bridge (R1R2, R1T3) so as to set its grid (G2) potential (VG2), and in that the grid (G2) and the source (S2) of said transistor (T2) are connected together by means of at least one capacitor (C1, C2).

Abstract: An amplifier circuit includes first and second resistors that are serially connected to each other between bases of first and second transistors that flow the same current as that in a differential transistor pair made up of two transistors. A capacitor is provided between a junction of the first and second resistors and the collector of the first transistor on the output side. The amplifier circuit has a gain whose frequency characteristic is determined by a low-pass filter realized by the second resistor and capacitor connected to the second transistor. The frequency characteristic lowers a gain of the frequency that causes output oscillation, thereby preventing output oscillation. The two resistors divide a resistance between the bases of the sub transistors, so as to reduce a resistance of the second resistor. As a result, the effect of phase compensation becomes weaker and the load response characteristic of the power supply improves.

Abstract: A microwave power amplifier comprising a drive amplifying stage includes power elements, gate and drain bias circuits of the power elements, a RC parallel circuit connected between input port and gates of said power elements, a shunt resistor connected between ground terminal and said gates of power elements, and a negative feedback circuit connected in series with resistors and capacitors and in parallel with the power elements. An interstage matching circuit is connected in series with the drive amplifying stage; and a power amplifying stage including power elements connected in parallel with a power divider and a power coupler, gate and drain bias circuits of said power elements, a RC parallel circuit connected between the gates of power elements and the interstage matching circuit, and a shunt resistor connected between a ground and the gates of power elements.

Abstract: A transimpedance amplification apparatus includes a signal source for generating a current signal, a source follower stage, a common source stage and a shunt feedback resistor. The source follower stage having a source follower structure receives the current signal to reduce an impedance of the signal source. The common source stage, following the source follower stage, driven by the reduced signal source impedance, amplifies the current signal to extend a frequency bandwidth of the current signal and buffers the amplified signal with the extended frequency bandwidth thereof maintained, wherein the reduced signal source impedance serves to extend a frequency bandwidth of the common source stage. The shunt feedback resistor, which is installed between the source follower stage and the common source stage, adjusts an input DC bias of the source follower stage and increasing a transimpedance gain of the common source stage.

Abstract: An initial-stage amplifier 1 that deals with microsignals and other amplifiers 2 and 3 separate a power source line, and both separated power source lines 4 and 8 are commonly connected to a power source pad 6. This enables avoidance of the occurrence of a large potential difference between the initial-stage amplifier 1 and other amplifiers 2 and 3 due to differences in currents pulled to the amplifiers 1 to 3, and can prevent the occurrence of noise arising from such potential difference. Also, feedback loops are differentiated by the initial-stage amplifier 1 and other amplifiers 2 and 3. This can also prevent unfavorable effects where a large signal would be fed back from the rear-stage amplifiers 2 and 3 to the initial-stage amplifier 1.

Abstract: A reference clock signal or a clock signal delayed in phase from the clock signal by &pgr;/2 is input to D input terminal of a flip-flop circuit. An FSM receives signals input to the flip-flop circuits and signals which have been held by the flip-flop circuits, and outputs an up signal and a down signal. The flip-flop circuits and the FSM operate in synchronization only with a rising edge of a data signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a voltage controlled oscillator comprising a resonator having an inductive circuit and a capacitive circuit whose oscillations are maintained by an active circuit, the capacitive circuit using varactors whose capacitance is adjusted by a control voltage acting in a differential mode with a biasing voltage. According to the invention, the capacitive circuit comprises several capacitive branches connected in parallel, controlled by a same control voltage, but biased by biasing voltages that are different from one branch to the next. The oscillator of the invention features in particular an oscillation frequency, which is much easier to control, and a considerably reduced phase noise.

Abstract: An integrated voltage controlled oscillator is provided. The integrated voltage controlled oscillator includes a first slab inductor having two ends and a second slab inductor having two ends. A first oscillator core is connected to a first end of the first slab inductor and a second end of the second slab inductor, and a second oscillator core is connected to a second end of the first slab inductor and a first end of the second slab inductor. In this manner, the low-loss slab inductors provide the oscillator tank inductance.

Abstract: A voltage control oscillating apparatus capable of automatically adjusting a oscillating frequency, comprising: a plurality of serial-coupled voltage control delay lines (VCDL) for outputting a plurality of oscillating signals respectively according to a voltage control signal, each of the oscillating signals is corresponding to a oscillating frequency; a multiplexer coupled to the VCDL for selecting one of the oscillating signals to be an output oscillating signal according to a control signal; a frequency detector coupled to the multiplexer for outputting a detecting signal according to the output oscillating signal; and a controller coupled to the frequency detector for outputting the control signal to the multiplexer according to the detecting signal.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator using a resonator having a photonic bandgap structure and a feedforward circuit is disclosed. The voltage controlled oscillator includes a resonation unit for resonating an oscillated signal by using a resonator having the photonic bandgap structure in order to increase a quality factor and an oscillation unit for controlling a phase of the oscillated signal by using the feedforward circuit in order to reduce phase noise. The present invention can reduce phase noise and increase efficiency of integration by using the photonic bandgap structure of a resonator and the feedforward circuit is used for maintaining high Q factor.

Abstract: A circuit for producing a reliable duty cycle for a low power oscillator. The circuit produces a square wave signal based on the differences between the oscillating output signal driven by a piezoelectric crystal and a phase shifted output signal. This circuit provides a quick start for a clock signal, generates a reliable fifty percent duty cycle and is better protected from common mode noise. This circuit can also be configured to be programmable to provide for an adjustable duty cycle.

Abstract: A charge pump includes a charge circuit switch, a pump circuit switch, and a controller for generating a first control signal for switching the charge circuit switch and a second control signal for switching the pump circuit. In order to reduce the effects of self-jitter and improve signal quality, the controller generates the first and second control signals so that they have a same amplitude and slew rate. This results in improving steady-state phase error (DC skew). To further improve performance, current sources of the charge pump are controlled to operate continuously. This advantageously minimizes parastic switching currents. The charge pump may be incorporated within a phase-locked loop for purposes of generating frequency signals. The phase-locked loop may be self-biased. A processing system having, for example, a microprocessor-based computing architecture may advantageously include the phase-locked loop for performing any one of a variety of applications.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a phase-locked loop detects a deadlock condition and then adjusts an output frequency of an oscillator until the deadlock condition is corrected. The deadlock condition may be detected based on a value of a charge pump signal which controls the oscillator frequency. In accordance with one embodiment, deadlock is detected if the value of the charge pump signal approaches one of two supply rail voltages. The deadlock condition is overcome by manipulating current signals output from the charge pump. This is accomplished by turning off the current from one charge-pump current source and increasing current from a second-charge pump current source. The increased current may be provided by a third current source located within or external to the charge pump. By adding current from the third current source, the output frequency of the phase-locked loop will be driven lower until a value is reached which effectively pulls the PLL out of the deadlock condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for compensating temperature in a crystal oscillator including a capacitor array consisted of a first bank of unit capacitors each with low capacitance and a second bank of unit capacitors each with high capacitance.

Abstract: Method and system are disclosed for automated calibration of the VCO gain in phase modulators. The method and system of the invention comprises synthesizing, in a phase modulator, a signal having a given output frequency using a controlled oscillator having a frequency control input, a modulation input, and a feedback loop. A frequency control signal is applied to the frequency control input, and gain variation of the controlled oscillator is compensated for outside of the feedback loop via the modulation input. The method and system of the invention may be employed in any telecommunication system that uses phase and amplitude modulation, including EDGE and WCDMA systems.

Abstract: A circulator (100) is comprised of a transmission line three port Y junction (104). At least one cylindrical cavity structure (113, 115) is disposed adjacent to the Y junction and contains a ferromagnetic fluid (114). One or more magnets (112) are provided for applying a magnetic field (118) to the ferromagnetic fluid and the Y junction in a direction normal to a plane defined by said Y junction. A composition processor (301) is provided for dynamically changing a composition of the ferromagnetic fluid in response to a control signal to vary the permittivity and permeability of the ferromagnetic fluid.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a voltage plane with a high impedance link is provided.

Abstract: In order to provide a wiring board comprising a magnetic material effective in suppressing spurious radiation in semiconductor devices and electronic circuits and the like that operate at high speeds, a wiring board (15) comprises an insulative base material (17), conductor patterns (19a to 19f) formed thereon, and magnetic thin films (21a to 21f) formed on the conductor patterns (19a to 19f).

Abstract: The transmission line is provided with a signal strip, a resistive layer opposed to the signal strip across a dielectric layer, and a ground conductor electrically connected to the resistive layer, wherein, in the case where resistance per unit length occurring when a high frequency current induced in the resistive layer through capacitance formed by the dielectric layer between the signal strip and the resistive layer flows in the resistive layer and between the resistive layer and the ground conductor at the time of transmission of a high frequency signal of a predetermine frequency through the signal strip is defined as additional resistance and resistance per unit length occurring when the high frequency current flows through the ground conductor is defined as ground resistance, the additional resistance is larger than the ground resistance.

Abstract: Three dimensional electronic and optical coupling devices that are capable of providing high speed coupling over a large frequency range while limiting the amount of space consumption in the communications network. An optical or electrical coupling device comprises a first substrate and a second substrate adjacent to the first substrate having one or more optical waveguides or microstrips formed thereon. The substrates will have disposed thereon conductive microstrips and/or dielectric elements. The one or more optical waveguides or microstrips formed on the first substrate correspond to at least one optical waveguides or microstrips formed on the second substrate so as to facilitate optical coupling between the corresponding waveguides. Precise spacing between the substrates and precise spacing between the optical waveguides or microstrips facilitate the requisite optical/RF coupling.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a combiner may include transmission lines to couple a receive port and a transmit port to an antenna at a common junction. Shunt admittance elements may be utilized at the transmit and the receive ports to isolate one of the transmit and the receive ports from the antenna by shunting the at least one of the transmit and the receive ports to a power supply potential such as a ground reference. During a transmit mode, the shunt admittance element at the receive port may shunt the receive port to the power supply potential, thereby isolating the receive port from the antenna. During a receive mode the shunt admittance element at the transmit port may shunt the transmit port to the power supply potential, thereby isolating the transmit port from the antenna.

Abstract: A switch comprises voltage applying means for providing direct current potentials to first to third beams arranged with a spacing slightly distant one from another, and electrodes for inputting/outputting signals to/from the beams. By controlling the direct current potential provided to the beam, an electrostatic force is caused to thereby change the beam positions and change a capacitance between the beams. By causing an electrostatic force between the first and second beams and moving the both beams, the first and second beams can be electrically coupled together at high speed. Also, an electrostatic force is caused on the third beam arranged facing to the first and second beams, to previously place it close to the first and second beams. When the electrostatic force is released from between the first and second beams, the second beam moves toward the third beam thereby releasing the first and second beams of an electric coupling.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high frequency component of layered structure, and a method for manufacturing the component. The component comprises at least one dielectric layer parallel to the layers of the layered structure, at least two transmission lines for transmitting electrical signals, at least one capacitor, each of which is formed by overlapping parts of two transmission lines, the overlapping parts being for forming capacitive interaction between the parts, and the overlapping parts being arranged to overlap each other in a transversal direction to a dielectric layer parallel to the layers of the layered structure, the dielectric layer being in between the overlapping parts.

Abstract: A S/N enhancer using the magnetostatic wave signal is disclosed.

Abstract: A continuously variable filter (110) that includes at least one filter element (146). The filter also includes a fluidic dielectric (108) having a permittivity and a permeability, a composition processor (101) adapted for dynamically changing a composition of the fluidic dielectric (108), and a controller (136) for controlling the composition processor (101) to selectively vary the permittivity and/or the permeability in response to a filter control signal (137). The filter element (146) is at least partially coupled to the fluidic dielectric (108). A second fluidic dielectric having a different composition than the first fluidic dielectric can be provided and a second filter element (148) can be partially coupled to the second fluidic dielectric. The controller (136) and composition processor (101) also can be adapted for varying the permittivity and/or permeabiliity of the fluidic dielectric (108).

Abstract: The invention provides a structure and method of its use comprising a filtering and interference suppression device (62), particularly of the broad band type, for an electric motor (34) comprising at least a first powering brush (16) for an armature commutator of the electric motor (34), of the type comprising a capacitor (64), one terminal of which is electrically connected to a strip conductor (38) that electrically powers the first brush (16) powering the armature commutator of the electric motor (34), and the other terminal of which is electrically connected to a ground strip conductor (58), connected, in turn, to the electrical ground (60) of the electric motor (34), characterized in that the capacitor (72) of the filtering and interference suppression device (62) is of the non-inductive type, and in that each of the non-inductive capacitors (72) is directly attached to a circuit board (73) comprising strip conductors, of which are at least one powering strip conductor (38, 40) for a brush and one ground

Abstract: A filtering induction device is provided to improve the filter effect via the increase of an insertion loss resulting from stray capacitance. The induction device includes at least one core structure, and first and second flat coils that interlacing with each other. The first flat coil is used as an inductor, and the second flat coil is used as an electrode belonging to a capacitor formed between the circles of the first flat coil.

Abstract: A compact high-performance mechanical vibration filter which deals with high frequency band signals. Microcolumn beams as minute mechanical vibrators are used to increase a mechanical resonance frequency. The plural microcolumn beams are arranged in an array and a common detection electrode surrounds each microcolumn beam with prescribed gaps between them, thereby preventing an output signal from becoming weak. When some of the mechanical vibrators are restrained from vibrating, it is possible to monitor and remove a noise component generated in the output signal by direct electromagnetic coupling of an input signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a component operating with bulk acoustic waves, which comprises a mount substrate, thin-film resonators and an acoustic mirror, with coupled resonators being arranged jointly on this mirror. At least one mirror layer—a coupling layer—is in the form of an electrically conductive layer. This mirror layer forms coupling capacitances with lower electrodes of the resonators, thus resulting in deliberate capacitive coupling between the resonators which, according to the invention, is used in order to achieve additional pole points in the blocking areas of the filter transfer function. The capacitive coupling of the resonators may, for example, be influenced by partial structuring of the coupling layer in order, in particular, to shift the frequency of the pole points.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave filter includes series-arm resonators and parallel-arm resonators that are connected in a ladder-like fashion.

Abstract: A multiplexer is constructed, which has a stable volume over its thermal operating range. A composite material is used that utilizes a fabric having fibers of opposing coefficients of thermal expansion. Such fibers are assembled at an angle to each other so that resulting expansion and contractions counter act and cancel. One of the fibers is selected for its high thermal conductivity and extends over the length of the multiplexer to form a heat dissipating path.

Abstract: A high frequency substrate comprises at least a metal layer, a dielectric layer and a high frequency signal transmission line is provided. Of which, the dielectric layer, which is formed on the metal layer, has a dense structure and a number of closed voids with a filling material stuffed therein. Since the dielectric constant of a material is smaller than that of the dense structure, the overall dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is smaller than that of the dense structure. When the high frequency signal transmission line is deposited on the dielectric layer, the signal transmission speed in the high frequency signal transmission line will be improved, the energy loss of signals will be attenuated and so will signal transmission quality be maintained.

Abstract: Coplanar waveguides having a deep trench between a signal line and a ground plane and methods of their fabrication are disclosed. An oxide layer is provided over a silicon substrate and a photoresist is applied and patterned to define areas where the signal line and the ground plane will be formed. A barrier layer is provided over the oxide layer in the defined areas. A metal layer is then deposited over the barrier layer. An etch mask is deposited over the metal layer for the subsequent trench formation. The photoresist and the underlying portion of the oxide and barrier layers are removed and a deep trench is formed in the substrate between the signal line and the ground plane using etching through the mask.

Abstract: A mesoscale microelectromechanical system (MEMS) package for a micro-machine. The mesoscale micro-machine is formed on a printed circuit board (10) at the same time and of the same materials as the mesoscale micro-machine package. Both the micro-machine and the package have a first metal layer (12, 16), an insulating member (22, 26) formed on the first metal layer, and a second metal layer (32, 36) situated on the insulating layer. The package consists of a perimeter wall surrounding the micro-machine and a low-flow capping adhesive layer (40). The first metal layers of both the micro-machine and the package are formed in the same process sequence, and the insulating layers of both the micro-machine and the package are formed in the same process sequence, and the second metal layers of both the micro-machine and the package are formed in the same process sequence. The low-flow capping adhesive secures an optional cover (46) on the package to provide an environmental seal.

Abstract: Improved inductive apparatus having controlled core saturation which provides a desired inductance characteristic with low cost of manufacturing. In one embodiment, a pot core having a variable geometry gap is provided. The variable geometry gap allows for a “stepped” inductance profile with high inductance at low dc currents, and a lower inductance at higher dc currents, corresponding for example to the on-hook and off-hook states of a Caller ID function in a typical telecommunications line. In other embodiments, single- and multi-spool drum core devices are disclosed which use a controlled saturation element to allow for selectively controlled saturation of the core. Exemplary signal conditioning circuits (e.g., dynamically controlled low-capacitance DSL filters) using the aforementioned inductive devices are disclosed, as well as cost-efficient methods of manufacturing the inductive devices. An improved gapped toroid and an associated method of manufacturing is also disclosed.

Abstract: A transformer circuit arrangement has a first transformer (201) with a first lower limit frequency (fu1) and a first upper limit frequency (fo1), and a second transformer (202) with a second lower limit frequency (fu2) and a second upper limit frequency (fo2), whereby the first lower limit frequency (fu1) is smaller than the second upper limit frequency (fu2), and the second upper limit frequency (fo2) is greater than the first upper limit frequency (fo1), the second lower limit frequency (fu2) is preferably not greater or smaller than the first upper limit frequency (fo1) by a factor of 10, at least one input (103, 104) of the first transformer is electrically connected to an input (209, 210) of the second transformer, and at least one output (205, 206) of the first transformer is connected to an output (107, 108) of the second transformer, and the transformer circuit arrangement has a band pass behaviour with a lower overall limit frequency (fuges) and an upper overall limit frequency (foges), whereby the l

Abstract: An integrated circuit is disclosed that includes a semiconductor substrate having a major body portion with a conductive layer having a predefined boundary and located on a first surface of the major body portion. An insulating layer is located over the conductive layer, over which an integrated inductor is located. An amplifier is connected between the integrated inductor and the conductive layer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a printed inductor 1 having a spiral coil formed outside a cavity 2 by providing an insulating substrate 3 with the cavity 2 extending in a direction orthogonal to that of the thickness of the insulating substrate 3, forming a plurality of mutually independent printed wiring lines 4 on both the top and bottom faces of the insulating substrate 3 facing each other through the cavity 2, and sequentially and continuously connecting terminals of the printed wiring lines 4 on both the top and bottom faces to each other through a plurality of through holes 5.

Abstract: An electric device includes a casing made of electric non-conductive material and two circuit members are respectively received in the casing. Two terminals are connected to the two circuit members and extending from an underside of the casing. A metal wire is attached to an outer surface of the casing and two ends of the metal wire extend into the casing and are connected to the two circuit members.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fusible link unit having a fuse circuit structure containing screw fixing terminal portions linked through fusible members to a linking plate, and a housing into which the first fuse circuit structure is assembled, wherein a plurality of terminal supports for supporting the screw fixing terminal portions in a state that the front surfaces of the screw fixing terminal portions are exposed to outside are provided in the housing. The fusible link unit is improved in that the terminal supports of the housing each include pawl parts for preventing each screw fixing terminal portion from displacing to a surface thereof.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to control systems and provides a run time configurable control system for selecting and operating one of a plurality of operating room devices from a single input source, the system comprising a master controller having a voice control interface and means for routing control signals. The system additionally may include a plurality of slave controllers to provide expandability of the system. Also, the system includes output means for generating messages to the user relating to the status of the control system in general and to the status of devices connected thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical door lock safety recognition system, which is positioned a bar code pattern on a surface of a key and to match with a door lock apparatus for practicing. There is an electromagnetic valve arranged within the door lock apparatus to curb a bayonet for limiting the movement of the lock head. There is a photography module is positioned at an outside of the notch channel and comprises a light emitting element and a photo sensor element so as to utilize the infrared rays to scan a bar code pattern of the key to form an output of a corresponding analog signal. A signal switch circuit is to transfer the analog signal into a plus signal to a microprocessor.