Abstract: In a method for determining the interference power in a CDMA radio receiver, once a received signal has been despread, the interference power of the despread signal is determined by comparing received symbols with symbols that are known a-priori to the receiver and with received and determined data symbols that are not known a-priori to the receiver.

Abstract: To realize an adaptive antenna array system which improves reception quality of desired signals by properly suppressing interference signals. The system includes: a signal detection section which detects base station signals from signals received by antenna elements; a control section which selects desired signals and interference signals to be cancelled from among the detected base station signals; a spatial signature detection section which detects spatial signatures of the desired signals and the interference signals to be cancelled; a virtual-signal generation section which generates virtual-signals for the interference signals to be cancelled using the spatial signatures thereof; an array weight generation section which generates array weights for the antenna elements by multiplying the inverse matrix of a correlation matrix of the virtual-signals by the spatial signatures of the desired signals; and a signal combining section which combines the received signals using the array weights.

Abstract: A digital communication system includes a generator for generating a plurality of pulse trains, each having a different timing, and pre-compensation circuitry for synchronizing the plurality of pulse trains to a timing signal. The system also includes comparison circuitry for simultaneously comparing a received burst code signal to each of the plurality of pulse trains, where the burst code signal is synchronized to the timing signal, and a detector for detecting which of the pulse trains is a closest temporal match to the burst code signal. The pre-compensation circuitry operates to reduce acquisition time and keep PN code uncertainties within the range of the comparison circuitry.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for non-intrusive transceiver property adjustment are disclosed. One embodiment of the method for non-intrusive transceiver property adjustment comprises: determining a transceiver property to be adjusted, detecting a distortion event in a signal, and adjusting the transceiver property. The transceiver property can be determined based on a user input and/or on a predefined schedule. The predefined schedule can comprise a set of property limits (e.g., power level, frequency, gain, etc.). The signal can be an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (“OFDM”) signal or any signal having a phase change at a symbol boundary. The distortion event can comprise such a phase change at a symbol boundary. The adjusted transceiver property can comprise any time-domain changing property.

Abstract: An interconnecting device with a built-in power line communication modem comprises a modem section 51 for power line communication and an interconnecting section 52 having a function of a switching hub. The connection of a computer to the interconnecting section 52 enables power line communication by the modem section 51, and the connection of a terminal and a peripheral to the interconnecting section 52 enables network configuration. A plurality of power receptacles 4 are further provided so that power can be supplied to devices connected to the interconnecting section 52.

Abstract: A xDSL modem having an adaptive compensating filter of null generated by BT (Bridged Tap) minimizes transmission errors. The VDSL having a null compensating filter comprises a null compensator for finding a null frequency generated on a transfer function of a receiving signal before the DFE by predicting and tracing the null frequency to enlarge a signal component of the null frequency. The damage of a signal component resulting from the null generated by BT on a subscriber line is previously compensated before the equalizer. As a result, degradation of transmission speed of xDSL service is prevented and the number of taps in the equalizer is reduced, thereby reducing cost in embodiment of hardware.

Abstract: An integrated modem circuits comprising processor-systems (1) and hardware (2,3) for exchanging signals with another modem circuit 1 Mb/s or more are provided with low cost, accurate, flexible filter software (11) for embodying a digital phase locked loop filter. Said hardware (2,3) comprises fast modules (22,32) for compensating for sample processing. The insight of hardware phase locked loops being expensive, not accurate, inflexible and of software phase locked loops being slow results in the basic idea of the phase locked loop calculations being done in software and the compensations being done in hardware. Sample software (14,15) processes samples (shifting-adding-deleting). Said hardware (2,3) comprises in the transmission path (2) mappers (21), rotors (22) and inverse Fourier transformators (23) and in the receiving path (3) Fourier transformators (33), rotors (32) and demappers (31). Control software (12,13) controls said rotors (22,32).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for estimating a Doppler frequency with phase information, thereby estimating a maximum Doppler frequency. The method for estimating the Doppler frequency includes the steps of measuring phases of phase samples from a plurality of slots of a received signal, evaluating a phase difference of the measured phase, and estimating a maximum Doppler frequency according to a mean of at least one phase difference.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of determining an eye diagram of a digital signal (dat). The method comprises a step of obtaining (110) a first phase difference information corresponding to a first phase difference between said digital signal (dat) and a clock signal (clk) associated to said digital signal (dat), obtaining (120) a second phase difference information corresponding to a second phase difference between said digital signal (dat) and said clock signal (clk), and determining (130) an eye width (T_eye) based on said first phase difference information and said second phase difference information.

Abstract: An image decoding method is utilized to obtain high quality images without error accumulation. Such an image decoding method comprises receiving an encoded bitstream including information of P and B frames, and executing motion compensation by synthesizing a predicted image of a current frame using motion vector information included in the encoded bitstream and a reference image which is a previously decoded image. The motion compensation includes calculating intensity values at points where no pixels actually exist in the reference image by interpolation performed according to information specifying a positive rounding method or a negative rounding method when the current frame is a P frame, and using a predetermined rounding method which is a positive rounding method or a negative rounding method when the current frame is a B frame.

Abstract: A video encoding apparatus comprises a motion vector detector to detect a motion vector of an input picture referring to a reference picture, and a predictive encoder to perform forward predictive encoding and bidirectional predictive encoding using the motion vector and the reference picture, the forward predictive encoder subjecting the macroblock of the forward predictive encoded picture to a variable length encoding in not_coded mode when a correlation between the macroblocks of the forward and bi-directional predictive encoded pictures and the reference picture which are located at the same position is high.

Abstract: The present invention discloses systems and methods for automatically parsing digital video content into segments corresponding to fundamental semantic units, events, and camera views, and streaming parsed digital video content to users for display and browsing. The systems and methods effectively use the domain-specific knowledge such as regular structures of fundamental semantic units, unique views corresponding to the units, and the predictable state transition rules. The systems and methods also include scene change detection, video text recognition, and view recognition. The results of parsing may be used in a personal video browsing/navigation interface system. Furthermore, a novel adaptive streaming method in which quality levels of video segments are varied dynamically according to the user preference of different segments is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a new method and apparatus for the enhancement of source coding systems. The invention employs bandwidth reduction (101) prior to or in the encoder (103), followed by spectral-band replication (105) at the decoder (107). This is accomplished by the use of new transposition methods, in combination with spectral envelope adjustments. Reduced bitrate at a given perceptual quality or an improved perceptual quality at a given bitrate is offered. The invention is preferably integrated in a hardware or software codec, but can also be implemented as a separate processor in combination with a codec. The invention offers substantial improvements practically independent of codec type and technological progress.

Abstract: An information transmission unit includes a signal source, a channel having a channel cutoff frequency coupled to the signal source, a continuous-time linear active filter coupled to the channel to provide equalization over a range of frequencies, and a sampling unit coupled to the continuous-time linear active filter. A method includes transmitting a continuous time signal including digital information on a channel, receiving the continuous time signal from the channel and filtering the continuous time signal to form an equalized continuous time signal, and sampling the equalized continuous time signal to recover the digital information.

Abstract: An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexer (OFDM) transmitter and receiver apparatus consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention receives data to be transmitted and maps (204) a first portion of the data to a first polarization state and a second portion of the data to a second polarization state. A first transmitter (216) transmits the first portion of the data as a set of first OFDM subcarriers using an antenna (230) exhibiting a first polarization. A second transmitter (234) transmits the second portion of the data as a set of second OFDM subcarriers using an antenna (240) exhibiting a second polarization, wherein the first polarization is orthogonal to the second polarization. A receiver apparatus uses a first antenna (302) exhibiting the first polarization and a second antenna (306) exhibiting the second polarization.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for detecting a tone.

Abstract: A duplicating section 11 duplicates a bit sequence to be input, and a 16QAM section 121 modulates a bit sequence of a duplicating source to form a symbol, a 16QAM section 122 modulates the duplicated bit sequence to form a symbol, an S/P section 13 parallel converts the symbol sequence input in series, an S/P section 14 parallel converts the symbol sequence input in series, and an IFFT section 15 provides IFFT processing to the input symbol sequence. Since each of multiple same bits duplicated by the duplicating section 11 is included in a different symbol, each of the multiple same bits is allocated to each of multiple subcarriers each having a different frequency by IFFT processing. As a result, a multicarrier signal including the multiple same bits each having a different frequency is generated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a soft decision decoder, and a log likelihood ratio calculator for soft decision decoding and a method thereof, for realizing a generalized log likelihood ratio algorithm in consideration of channel estimation errors for performing soft decision decoding on QAM signals, which comprises multipliers for multiplying reference signals and channel estimation signals, subtractors for subtracting a receive signal of a receiver from output signals of the multipliers, first and second square calculators for squaring the subtractors' output signals and reference signals, dividers for dividing output signals of the first and second square calculators by addition values, and a comparator for comparing output signals of the dividers.

Abstract: An approach for decoding a substantially orthogonal code, such as a CCK code, based on its trellis diagram is provided. Compared to the conventional decoder based on codeword correlation, the unconventional decoder here has the advantage that it can work together with a decision feedback equalizer without suffering from the error propagation effect of the equalizer. In other words, the unconventional decoder makes joint decision feedback equalizer and decoder workable, which in turn enables reliable transmission of a signal encoded by a substantially orthogonal code over a multi-path channel.

Abstract: Intermodulation products in the amplifier circuitry of a communications device are cancelled. A primary carrier is processed in a first main branch of amplifier circuit. The primary carrier is coupled to a secondary branch through a first signal splitter. Intermodulation products are created from a portion of the primary carrier coupled through the secondary branch. The intermodulation products are then coupled back into the main branch to produce an output signal provided to a transmitter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for improving the waveform at a receiver. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system adapted to modify at least one signal in anticipation of channel attenuation and delay. The present invention comprises a memory adapted to store at least one coefficient that is pre-determined based on at least one expected degradation characteristic of a channel; and a pre-emphasizer communicating with at least the memory and the channel, and adapted to modify the at least one signal using the at least one coefficient prior to transmission of the at least one signal over the channel, compensating for the at least one expected degradation characteristic.

Abstract: A technique for pre-compensating a digital bit stream for distortion imposed by a transmission path includes adjusting the level of the digital bit stream on a bit-by-bit basis in a manner that simulates the effects of a filter having a transfer function that is substantially the inverse of that of the transmission path. The technique includes generating a plurality of reference levels that correspond to correcting levels of the digital bit stream and switching these levels to the transmission path at high speed in response to the current bit of the digital bit stream and at least one previous bit. When used in an automatic test system, the technique improves signal transmission and reduces jitter, therefore allowing jitter of devices under test to be measured more accurately.

Abstract: There is provided a quadrature modulation transmitter which is capable of solving several problems of the conventional transmitter while performing the same function as the heterodyne transmitter or the digital IF transmitter, in which a circuit structure is simplified and a power consumption is reduced compared with the conventional transmitter.

Abstract: The RF communications system of the present invention wirelessly communicates data without encountering undue interference problems with other devices and complies with rules governing unlicensed, spectrum-sharing devices. In an example embodiment, a transmitter device includes a digital subsystem powered by a power supply that processes data from another device and a radio frequency (RF) sub-system that transmits the processed data using a frequency hopping scheme. The RF sub-system includes a microprocessor arrangement that ON-OFF keys a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and provides a frequency-hopping scheme. The VCO is coupled to a signal frequency spreading arrangement that spreads the signal to a predetermined transmission bandwidth, wherein the frequency spreading occurs during an ON state of the ON-OFF keying and the transmission bandwidth exceeds a reception bandwidth at which the signal will be decoded.

Abstract: A signal received in an antenna (101) is input to a symbol dividing section (107) via a radio reception section (102), delay profile generating section (104), Rake combining section (105), and JD computation section (106), is divided every a predetermined number of symbols, and is output to a soft decision value calculating section (110) and symbol averaging section (108). The symbol averaging section (108) obtains average amplitude of divided received signals. A reference signal point setting section (109) sets reference signal points based on the average amplitude. The soft decision value calculating section (110) makes a soft decision on the received signal output from the symbol dividing section (107), using the reference signal points set in reference signal point setting section (109). It is thereby possible to improve the accuracy in average amplitude of received signal points and to improve the demodulation accuracy.

Abstract: An AM detecting apparatus includes a voltage comparator And an AND circuit. The voltage comparator compares a detection signal a low-pass filter outputs with a no-signal potential. The AND circuit outputs, when the amplitude of an AM signal is higher than the reference value, one of a first control signal and second control signal in response to a comparison result of the voltage comparator 5, and outputs, when the amplitude of the AM signal is lower than the reference value, the first control signal. The phase of the VCO signal is controlled such that the phase difference between the AM signal and VCO signal agrees with the control signal the AND circuit outputs. The AM detecting apparatus can carry out the coherent detection of the desired signal in the AM signal even during overmodulation.

Abstract: For digital demodulation of a quadrature amplitude- or phase-modulated signal (xE(t)), this is sampled with a sampling frequency fs and A/D converted, which has the relationship 1 f s = 4 · f 0 1 + 2 · λ

Abstract: System and methods are provided based on optimization of the weighted log-likelihood. These systems are able to efficiently track dominant sinusoidal components of a real signal in Gaussian noise, provided that the number of the components is known. The algorithm is implemented using simple parallel building blocks involving narrow-band filters that are adaptively self-tuned around the frequencies of the signal components. The algorithm has low computational complexity and provides high estimation accuracy and is also able to track chirp signals. The algorithm is flexible enough to be adjusted to operate in different environments such as for speech signals, by selecting a proper window function. Simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm is reliable in tracking the frequencies as well as in estimation of the amplitudes of the components. In a chirp environment, the algorithm is able to recognize some frequency cross-overs as long as the amplitudes are different enough around the cross-over moment.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus which uses one of phase shift keying (PSK), differential phase shift keying (DPSK), or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and in which frequency synchronization is achieved based on calculated phase difference data associated with a received signal at time intervals shorter than symbol intervals. The radio communication apparatus includes a frequency synchronization control unit for correcting a frequency of a reference signal used to achieve frequency synchronization in accordance with a mean value of the phase difference data calculated over a period of time in which two or more symbols are input.

Abstract: A wireless receiver and method employs a forward/backward recursive covariance based filter coefficient generation scheme for equalizing a received wireless signal, such as a CDMA signal or other suitable signal. A forward/backward recursive covariance based filter coefficient generating circuit (206) includes a forward recursion portion (300) that receives data representing channel estimates (18) of a communication channel, and data representing an auto-covariance matrix (22). The forward recursion portion (300) produces a set of output values (306) from each iteration stage (400a-400n) of the forward recursion portion (300). The set of output values (306) are stored and a backward recursion portion (302) obtains the set of output values (306) and also receives the data representing the auto-covariance matrix (22), and generates filter coefficients (208) based on this information.

Abstract: A digital communication system includes a transmitter and a receiver and communicates on telephone line. Receipt gain of the digital communication system is controlled in accordance with the following. Initialization signals generated at the transmitter and transferred through the hybrid circuit on the telephone line are received for a predetermined time period. An average magnitude value of the initialization signal received during the time period is compared with a reference magnitude value. Receipt gain is controlled according to the difference between the average magnitude value of the receipt signal and a reference value. In this manner, when the system performance is changed according to permissible tolerance of the analog discrete components used in the ADSL system, gain of the gain amplifier is automatically controlled. Thus, the ADSL system can operate with optimal performance under given conditions.

Abstract: A wireless receiver for receiving an incoming signal having spatial and temporal diversity. The receiver uses noise-based prescaling of multiple receiver chain signals for optimally combining the receiver chain signals in a composite equalized signal and uses noise-based time-varying postscaling the equalized signal. The receiver determines noise-based scale factors by comparing signal symbols to dispersed replica symbols of a training sequence for the incoming signal.

Abstract: A wireless receiver for receiving an incoming signal having spatial and temporal diversity. The receiver uses noise-based prescaling of multiple receiver chain signals for optimally combining the receiver chain signals in a composite equalized signal and uses noise-based time-varying postscaling the equalized signal. The receiver determines noise-based scale factors by comparing signal symbols to dispersed replica symbols of a training sequence for the incoming signal.

Abstract: Combining signals includes receiving a plurality of groups of signals at a plurality of antennas at a mobile device, where each group of signals includes a plurality of signals, and each signal includes a time slot. The following is repeated for each group of signals of the plurality of groups of signals. An adjustment associated with a time slot of each signal is set. Each signal of the group of signals is adjusted at the time slot in accordance with the adjustment associated with the time slot. A signal quality associated with each time slot of each signal of the group of signals is established, and an optimal adjustment in accordance with the signal qualities is determined. The signals are adjusted in accordance with the optimal adjustment.

Abstract: The per antenna capacity of each of the transmitter antennas in a MIMO system are individually determined from measurable information at the receiver end. Specifically, the channel capacity for each individual transmitter antenna is calculated at the receiver end as a function of measurable channel coefficients (also known as channel state information), the measurable average signal-to-noise ratio, and the number of transmitter antennas. Once the per antenna capacity of each transmitter antenna is individually determined at the receiver end, the maximum transmission rate for each data stream transmitted by each transmitter antenna is determined from that individual capacity either at the receiver end and fed back to the transmitter end, or is determined at the transmitter end from the individual transmitter antenna capacities that are fed back by the receiver end to the transmitter end. A modulation scheme that supports each maximum transmission rate is then determined based on some defined criteria.

Abstract: A detected signal 111 contains a preamble portion which includes symbol alternations, followed by a unique word portion, and a data portion. Each time a symbol alternation is detected, a correction value calculation section 102 averages the phase shift in the detected signal 111 for a predetermined length, thereby calculating a correction value 115. The correction value determination section 103 stores a plurality of correction values 115 in a chronological order. When the unique word portion is detected, the correction value determination section 103 retains, as an effective correction value 118, a correction value which is arrived at by going back a predetermined number of correction values among the stored correction values. A phase rotation section 104 corrects the phase of the detected signal 111 by using an effective correction value 118 calculated by the correction value determination section 103.

Abstract: The invention intends to realize a high accuracy of some picoseconds in skew compensation as well as a downsized circuit scale. A phase shifter using analog circuits that allows a downsized circuit scale and a high-accuracy phase shifting is adopted in order to finely shift the phase between a clock signal and a data signal. The phase shifter passes the clock signal or the data signal through a low pass filter having a pass band not higher than the based frequency of the clock signal to extract the frequency factors not higher than the based frequency factors. After dividing the extracted signal into plural signals, the phase shifter inputs the clock signal or the data signal having the phase shifted to plural variable gain amplifiers. Next, the phase shifter inputs the outputs from the variable gain amplifiers to an adder or a subtracter, and inputs the signal after being added or subtracted to a limit amplifier to reshape it into a rectangular wave.

Abstract: A digital phase detector and jitter filter. For one aspect, a digital phase detector receives first and second input signals and provides at least one of a digital LEAD and LAG output signal. Multiple inputs of a digital filter are collectively coupled to receive the digital output signal from the digital phase detector. The digital filter provides a multi-bit digital phase error output signal to indicate a phase error between the first and second signals. Phase-lock is indicated when the phase error output signal indicates a value substantially in the center of the range of possible integer combinations that may be provided by the multi-bit output signal.

Abstract: A dual-port voltage control oscillator for use in a frequency synthesizer has first and second input ports and an output. The first port is coupled in a phase-locked-loop configuration for receiving input data and a reference frequency. The phase-locked-loop tunes the oscillator in response to a channel selection and trim parameter. The second port of the oscillator has a variable gain characteristic. A multiplier is coupled to the second port for multiplying the input data by a transfer function to alter the input data thereby compensating for the second port variable gain characteristic.

Abstract: A delay locked loop operates over a wide range of frequencies and has high accuracy, small silicon area usage, low power consumption and a short lock time. The DLL combines an analog domain and a digital domain. The digital domain is responsible for initial lock and operational point stability and is frozen after the lock is reached. The analog domain is responsible for normal operation after lock is reached and provides high accuracy using smaller silicon area and low power.

Abstract: A transport/storage container for heat-generating nuclear-fuel elements has spaced inner and outer side walls defining an annular space extending along an axis and having upper and lower ends. A cover is provided at the upper end and a floor at the lower end. A plurality of axially extending and angularly spaced heat-conducting metal tubes each have an inner wall section bearing in surface contact on an outer surface of the inner side wall and an outer wall section bearing in surface contact on an inner surface of the outer side wall. A concrete mass fills the space.

Abstract: A real time clock counter includes a serially connected plurality of register units, each register unit having a bit register for storing clock data, a half adder for incrementing the clock data stored in the bit register, and an activation circuit for activating the bit register. Each activation circuit includes a first input for receiving an oscillating timing signal and a second input for receiving a binary carry term from the previous bit register unit”s half adder. Each activation circuit also includes an output for outputting a first activation signal or a second activation signal according to the first value and the oscillating timing signal such that when the activation circuit outputs the first activation signal, the bit register is activated, and when the activation circuit outputs the second activation signal, the bit register is not activated, saving power.

Abstract: One or more techniques are provided for deriving motion data from a set of CT projection data. The techniques calculate moments associated with consistency conditions for the projection data to derive motion data from the projection data. One aspect of the present techniques uses the calculated moments to select projection data sets based upon the presence or absence of motion between the projection data sets. Periodicity information may then be extracted from the selected projection data sets. Another aspect of the present techniques uses projection data acquired by a slowly rotating volumetric CT gantry to allow the separation of a corruptive signal from a desired motion signal. Once separated, the desired motion signal may be used to identify projection data at a desired phase of motion.

Abstract: A ray tracing kernel calibration procedure for the film simulation mode of digitized tomosynthesis in which the coordinate of the source position with respect to an energy source, e.g., x-ray radiation, is determined. Shadow images of registration markers are used to aid in computing the azimuth; computing the elevation angle; and using the elevation angle and azimuth to compute the coordinate of source position with respect to the sensor.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reconstructing images of moving objects being spirally scanned with two dimensional detectors with a 3PI algorithm. The moving objects can be scanned at a rate of up to approximately three times slower than those of pre-existing systems. In a preferred embodiment, the invention allows for a patient on a table moving through a spiral scanner to be slowed down by a factor of up to three, and still use the same size detector array as those in existing spiral scanning systems.

Abstract: An X-ray mask has a mask pattern, a protection means for forming a dust-proof space for protecting the mask pattern, and an inner atmospheric pressure adjustment hole for ventilating between the dust-proof space and the outer atmosphere. The X-ray mask can be either a transmission type mask in which the mask pattern is formed on a membrane, or a reflection type mask in which a multilayered film reflection layer and the mask pattern are formed on a substrate.

Abstract: A compression plate for a mammography device has four sides and a base, and a bracket attached at one of the sides for moveably mounting the compression plate to an arm, to which an x-ray source also is mounted.

Abstract: The present invention provides for characterization of a film (e.g., thickness determination for a silicon oxynitride film) using collected spectral data. For example, an acquired spectrum may be cumulatively integrated and the geometric properties of the integrated spectrum may be used to determine component concentration information. Thickness measurements for the film may be provided based on the component concentration information.

Abstract: A vehicle-carried mobile container inspection apparatus characterized in that the mobile container inspection apparatus comprises a first box-shaped cabin arranged in the front portion of the chassis and provided with a workroom accommodating a scan control module, an image acquisition module and an operation/inspection module; and a second box-shaped cabin and a third box-shaped cabin both arranged on the rear portion of the rotatable platform, in which the second box-shaped cabin is arranged on the top of the third box-shaped cabin, the control unit of the radiation source is accommodated in the second box-shaped cabin, the third box-shaped cabin is arranged under the rotatable platform, the radiation source is arranged in the third box-shaped cabin, the level of the radiation source from which the X-ray beam emit is arranged below the level of the chassis, the scanning vehicle is provided with a driving means to smoothly move the scanning vehicle; the rotatable platform is provided with a rotatably driving

Abstract: The image pickup apparatus of the radiological imaging apparatus of the present invention includes many detector units, a ring-shaped detector support member and an X-ray source circumferential transport apparatus. Each of the detector units is attached to the detector support section in a detachable manner. A plurality of radiation detectors provided for the detector units are arranged in three layers in the radius direction of the detector support member and in three columns in the axial direction of the detector support member. Since the radiation detectors are arranged in three layers in the radius direction, it is possible to recognize the detection position of radiation in the radius direction in detail. Furthermore, since the detector units are attached in a detachable manner, it is easy to replace damaged radiation detectors.