Abstract: A method and apparatus for allocating a spare area to a recording medium, and a recording medium thereof. The method includes recording data in a data area of the recording medium according to a first recording operation, creating information regarding the adjusted spare area size, based on a defect contained in the recorded data, recording the information regarding the spare area and information regarding the defect, in the data recorded according to the first recording operation, as first temporary defect information in the data area, and recording defect management information for managing the first temporary defect information as first temporary defect management information in a temporary defect management information area which is present in at least one of a lead-in area, a lead-out area, and an outer area of the recording medium. Accordingly, a spare area is allocated to a recording medium according to the occurrence rate of defects in the recording medium, resulting in effective use of a data area.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for managing disc defects in a disc using a temporary defect management area in the disc, and the disc, where the method includes recording in a data area user data; and recording in a temporary defect management area, which is present in at least one of a lead-in area and a lead-out area, which temporary defect information and temporary defect management information regarding the user data recorded in the data area are recorded. Accordingly, the method and apparatus are applicable to recordable discs and capable of effectively using the defect management area.

Abstract: An information recording/reproducing apparatus and information reproducing method capable of swiftly completing to record information data even under influence of an external disturbance or the like. According to a demodulated timing pulse, a synchronization signal and address data representative of an address is demodulated from a readout signal. An error correction process is carried out on the address data, to obtain corrected address data. Determination is made as to whether or not the corrected address data is a correct address. In this process, in the case the synchronization signal has a period equal to a predetermined period, a synchronization process is executed to place the demodulated timing pulse in synchronism with the synchronization signal, wherein, when the corrected address data is determined as a correct address, then the re-synchronization process is put into stand-by for execution until the corrected address data is determined as an incorrect address.

Abstract: An optical disk playback apparatus for playing back or reproducing main data and its associated sub-code which are read from an optical recording medium comprises an interleave RAM for storing the main data. The optical disk playback apparatus performs a predefined synchronization protection on synchronization information included in the sub-code to generate a sub-code synchronization signal which is written into an empty area of the interleave RAM, and manages the addresses with a FIFO area in a manner similar to the main data, thereby causing the read sub-code synchronization signal to function in synchronization with the main data.

Abstract: An optical disc drive that can surely erase the trial writing data recorded in the Test Area is provided. The optical disc drive of the present invention has a rotation driving mechanism for rotating a loaded optical disc, and an optical pick-up capable of recording data to the optical disc by emitting a laser beam onto the optical disc drive. In the erasing procedure for erasing the trial writing data recorded in the Test Area, CW erase procedure is carried out (Step S104), and the optical disc drive tries to reproduce the trial writing data (Step S106). Then, it is determined whether an HF signal is detected or not (Step S107), and the CW erase procedure is carried out again in the case where the HF signal is detected.

Abstract: A method of writing data to an optical disc comprising determining a disc category value to be written to an optical disc, and writing, by an optical disc drive, the disc category value to the optical disc, the disc category value written to the optical disc different than a standardized disc category value associated with a disc category type of the optical disc is provided. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon an instruction set to be executed, the instruction set, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform a computer method of determining an optical disc category value, and writing, by an optical disc drive, the disc category value to an optical disc, the disc category value written to the optical disc different than a standardized disc category value associated with a disc category type of the optical disc is provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus renders an optical disk unplayable on a customer's optical disc playback machine. A portion of the information bearing surface of the optical disc or the light reflected therefrom, is altered for data destruction from a predetermined area, i.e., a “Table of Contents” (TOC), in order to make the disc unplayable on the playback machine of the customer.

Abstract: An information storage medium includes an area in which updated disc-related information and recording-related information updated with a change in at least one of a disc version number and a recording speed is recorded along with existing disc-related information and recording-related information. The existing disc-related information and recording-related information are recorded, and the updated disc-related information and recording-related information is recorded in an area in which the existing disc-related information and recording-related information is recorded. Accordingly, data can be recorded/reproduced on/from a new version of information storage medium even using an existing drive.

Abstract: An optical pickup in an optical disk reproducing device is operable to switch operations between a low-power operation mode and a high-power operation mode, and includes a liquid crystal element and a polarization beam splitter, which together attenuate, only in the low-power operation mode, a laser beam emitted by a laser diode onto an optical disk. The liquid crystal element is turned ON only in the low-power operation mode to serve as a polarization rotating element. Working with the polarization beam splitter, the polarization rotating element attenuates a polarized component of the incident light on the optical disk.

Abstract: An optical disc drive includes an optical head, a read signal processor, and a controller. The optical head outputs a first read signal representing light reflected from an optical disc and detected at a photodetector. The read signal processor receives the first read signal and outputs the second read signal responsive to a first or second control signal. The second read signal has a predetermined level when output responsive to the first control signal but a level corresponding to that of the first read signal when output responsive to the second control signal. The controller outputs the first and second control signals during first and second periods, respectively. The first period begins before marks are formed on the disc and ends while the marks are formed, and the second period follows the first period. The optical disc drive controls the data write operation in accordance with the second read signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are a writing method and a disk recording apparatus for maintaining reproduction reliability relative to a rewritable disk recording medium of a zero link type. In one embodiment, a disk recording apparatus for a rewritable optical disk comprises a first timing detector having a first timing synchronized with a wobble reproduction signal of the rewritable optical disk, and a second timing detector having a second timing synchronized with a track reproduction signal of the rewritable optical disk. A phase difference detector is configured to detect a phase difference between the first timing and the second timing. A controller is configured to determine a recording area based on the detected phase difference. In another embodiment, a selector is configured to select a timing between the first timing and the second timing.

Abstract: The power consumed by a data storage device having at least one disk connected with a spindle can be reduced by reducing the rotation rate of the spindle to a rotation rate greater than zero. In one method in accordance with the present invention, wherein a head is in communication with each disk, the spindle can be rotated at a first rotation rate. The head can be parked and the rotation of the spindle can then be reduced to a rotation rate greater than zero. By reducing the rotation rate of the spindle, the power consumed by the spindle can be reduced by approximately the ratio of spin speeds to the exponential power of 1.5. This description is not intended to be a complete description of, or limit the scope of, the invention. Other features, aspects, and objects of the invention can be obtained from a review of the specification, the figures, and the claims.

Abstract: An information-recording method includes the steps of moving a light beam at a selected linear velocity relative to the information-recording medium; controlling the light beam to generate a multi-pulse having at least three power levels of a first power level Ph, a second power level P1 which is lower than the first power level, and a third power level Pm which is intermediate therebetween, the multi-pulse being repeatedly modulated between the first power level Ph and the third power level Pm; adjusting the third power level Pm in response to the selected linear velocity; and recording the information by irradiating the information-recording medium with the controlled light beam. Recording compatibility can be secured for information-recording apparatuses different in recording linear velocity and laser source characteristic.

Abstract: An adaptive recording method and apparatus for optimizing power of a laser diode is provided. In a method for optimizing read power, peak power and bias power for overwrite pulses and supplying the same to the laser diode, the adaptive recording method includes the steps of discriminating the mark size of input NRZI (Non Return to Zero Inversion) data, and varying power of the overwrite pulses in accordance with the discriminated mark size.

Abstract: An optical disk recording apparatus is provided that includes an optical pickup, an image encoder that generates data corresponding to a visual image to be drawn in a recording region of an optical disk, an LD control unit that controls the optical pickup and records long pits and long spaces that form the visual image in the recording region, and a system controller that determines whether no reproducible data are stored in the recording region and records the visual image by controlling the LD control unit. Since the reflective ratio of the region where the long pits are formed changes, the region becomes visible to a user. Accordingly, any characters and figures designated by an external device can be visibly recorded on the data recording surface of the optical disk.

Abstract: Disclosed are a high-density optical disc, and an apparatus and method for reproducing/recording data stored in the high-density optical disc. Data is recorded in a Lead-In area of the high-density optical disc in the form of straight pre-pits associated with HFM (High Frequency Modulated) grooves in order for the same tracking servo operation to be successively performed over the whole area of a single high-density optical disc, such that it can efficiently prevent an algorithm for controlling a plurality of tracking servo units and an apparatus for implementing the algorithm from being undesirably complicated.

Abstract: A data recording method of optical storage medium is disclosed. The method employs the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to record the data in order to increase the usage efficiency of the storage channel. The method evolves dividing a storage channel into multiple sub-channels, and then determining the recordable bits of the multiple sub-channels according to the signal to noise ratio of the storage channel; next, an input signal to be recorded on the optical storage medium is transformed from frequency domain to time domain such that a time-domain signal is obtained; at last, recording the time-domain signal on the optical storage medium through a compositive modulation of pulse width and pulse amplitude.

Abstract: A method for read/write data onto a recording medium by using a nano-tip array and a data storage device incorporating the nano-tip array. The nano-tip array is fabricated on a silicon on insulator wafer to form a multiplicity of silicon micro-tips first by a MEMS technique, followed by forming integrally on each one of the multiplicity of silicon micro-tips at least one carbon nanotube extending outwardly away from the one micro-tip. The data storage device further includes an anode with a multiplicity of apertures therein with each apertures corresponding to one of the multiplicity of silicon micro-tips, and a recording medium that has an active surface positioned immediately adjacent to the multiplicity of silicon micro-tips.

Abstract: In an optical pickup apparatus which includes at least a laser light source and an object lens and can apply a laser beam to different types of optical discs, an aberration correction liquid crystal device is placed on the optical axis of the laser beam emitted from the laser light source. The aberration correction liquid crystal device includes a first electrode section being placed on the side of the laser light source and having a first electrode pattern for correcting aberration concerning a first optical disc, a second electrode section being placed on the side of the optical disc and having a second electrode pattern for correcting aberration concerning a second optical disc different from the first optical disc in type, and liquid crystal being sandwiched between the first and second electrode sections.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an optical pick-up apparatus using a holographic optical element and method of forming holographic gratings of the element. The apparatus includes a light emitting element for generating three beams with different wavelengths, a multiplexed holographic optical element provided with three holographic gratings for receiving beams reflected from an optical disc and diffracting the received beams according to wavelengths of the received beams, and a light receiving element for receiving beams diffracted while passing through the multiplexed holographic optical element. The method includes the steps of forming a first holographic grating on a transparent substrate, forming a first transparent layer on the substrate on which the first holographic grating is formed, forming a second holographic grating on the first transparent layer, forming a second transparent layer on the first layer on which the second holographic grating is formed, and forming a third holographic grating on the second layer.

Abstract: An objective lens used in an optical head having a convex lens and a chromatic aberration correction optical element wherein there is provided a positioning means that positions the center of gravity of the objective lens used in an optical head substantially on a straight line connecting supporting points for the objective lens used in an optical head.

Abstract: An optical head and optical disc apparatus according to the present invention can guide each of optional light rays of different wavelength from a plurality of light sources to a recording medium through a single optical system, and can play back the signal from the reflected light from the recording medium through a single light receiving system.

Abstract: An optical disc includes a plurality of recording layers, each layer having a lead-in area, a data area, and a lead-out area. A dedicated-reproducing area having a disc-related information zone, and a rewritable area are provided in at least one of the lead-in and lead-out areas of the optical disc. Accordingly, a reliability of a data recording/reproducing with respect to the optical disc is improved.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical information recording medium including a substrate with an on-groove and an in-groove, having successively disposed thereon a dye recording layer and a transparent sheet, wherein a width of the on-groove ranges from 50 to 140 nm, and a barrier layer is formed between the recording layer and the transparent sheet. The invention also provides an optical information recording method including irradiating the optical information recording medium with laser light from the side of the medium provided with a cover layer to form a void at a signal pit portion in the dye recording layer and thereby carrying out recording of information as well as an optical information recording medium on which information has been recorded by the method.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for generating a controlled spectrum of modulated energy. A single data stream is splintered into substreams. Each substream is used to modulate a portion of the modulated spectrum. Each substream is transformed into a numerical phase and amplitude representation of a portion of the spectrum to be modulated. The combined numerical representations are then converted to a time-domain representation and filtered to eliminate undesired side-lobes.

Abstract: Process for selecting a transmission channel and receiver of signals with antenna diversity A process for selecting a transmission channel from several transmission channels 1 and 2 of a receiver of OFDM radio signals with antenna diversity, with a view to favouring the transmission channel delivering a signal with the lowest binary error rate, consists in estimating the binary error rate for each transmission channel by feeding a neural network 9 with data RFC representative of the frequency response of the transmission channel.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for analysing an OFDM signal (rIF(t)) transporting a series of data symbols on several orthogonal carrier frequencies, each data symbol having a useful part separated by a guard period from neighbouring data symbols, with an analysing device (40) having a signal section (20) with a bandwidth (BWA) smaller than the bandwidth (BWOFDM) of the OFDM signal. The method comprises the steps of low pass filtering of the OFDM signal with a low pass filter (24) and shifting (26) the spectrum of the OFDM signal in order to obtain a frequency shifted filtered OFDM signal (r(i)), whereby the length of the impulse response of the low pass filter (24) is shorter than the length of the guard periods of the data symbols.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for selecting and signalling the identity of sub-carriers to be used for transmission of data in a radio communication system, and for using other sub-carriers. A remote unit determines which sub-carriers are acceptable for use in data transmission by comparing the signal to interference ratio of each sub-carrier with a threshold. A sequence of numbers is generated using one set of values to identify acceptable sub-carriers and another set of values to identify unacceptable sub-carriers. The sequence of numbers is transmitted to a base station. The average signal to interference ratio of sub-carriers whose signal to interference ratio was above the threshold can also be transmitted to the base station, thereby allowing the base station to determine an optimum set of transmission parameters for use only in the acceptable sub-carriers. Alternatively, the remote unit can determine the optimum set of transmission parameters itself for transmission to the base station.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for connecting a device to a wireless network.

Abstract: Methods and systems for re-routing a connection through an explicitly routed network. The methods involve initially re-routing the connection to a reduced constraint connection through the network; establishing a fully constrained path through the network; subsequently re-routing the connection to the fully constrained connection through the network.

Abstract: A network gateway element is provided. The network gateway element appears as a single node to the external world, while it physically is maintained in at least two chassis. A routing node handles functions typically associated with routers, while another network element, such as a server, may handle functions typically associated with the server. The routing node may load-balance the traffic directed at the server. Additionally, the routing node may process packets for the server without the server having to become involved.

Abstract: The present invention is a methodology for providing packet aggregation based on transmission window size to achieve improved transport efficiency. One embodiment of the invention includes a methodology for aggregating packets of a first size to packets of a second size for transmission in a communications network. The method includes the steps of receiving an indication of a transmission window size for packets to be transmitted from a first location to a second location where the transmission window size provided by a flow control message. The transmission window size is utilized to determine a bundling factor for transmission of packets from said first location to said second location, the bundling factor being a lesser of a maximum bundling factor and the transmission window size. A transmission window size threshold represents a boundary for a size of a transmission window when transmission of existing frames may be delayed.

Abstract: A method of handling traffic flows across a network wherein each traffic flow is associated with at least one flow treatment attribute determining the flow treatment requirement for that traffic flow and wherein the network comprises at least one user terminal, at least one radio network node with means for establishing a radio communication channel between said user terminal and said radio network node and at least one packet network node with means for establishing a packet communication channel in the network, the method comprising: issuing a request for establishing a first communication pathway end to end over the network, said communications pathway including said radio communication channel and said packet communication channel, said request identifying multiple traffic flows with their associated attributes; identifying any of said traffic flows which require a different flow treatment across the network; and establishing said first communication pathway, and at least one second communication pathway

Abstract: A communication apparatus comprising a semiconductor DAA, a system unit and a modem is provided. The DAA has a line control unit connected to a communication line network and a serial IF unit connected to the line control unit via an isolating circuit, and controls the communication line network and transmits and receives data. The modem modulates and demodulates the transmitted and received data. The system unit controls the semiconductor DAA and the modem. The line control unit includes a line current detector for detecting a line current and a line voltage detector for detecting a line voltage. The system unit obtains line impedance based on the line current and the line voltage, and adjusts the transmission level of the modem in accordance with the obtained line impedance.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a network layer header of a network packet is received, metadata associated with the network packet is received, a header offset associated with the network packet is determined based on the metadata, and the network layer header is stored in an aligned cache based on the header offset.

Abstract: The disclosure describes techniques for coordinating operation of multiple network protocol off-load engines (e.g., Transport Control Protocol (TCP) off-load engines).

Abstract: Apparatus for determining a protocol of messages traversing a signalling link in a telecommunications network includes a memory for storing one or more predetermined characteristic of a message in the protocol that can be used to distinguish that protocol from other protocols. A protocol auto-discovery module is coupled to the memory and to a module that extracts channels from signalling link timeslots. The protocol auto-discovery module determines whether the predetermined characteristic is present in the sampled message and identifies the signalling link as carrying messages in the particular protocol if the predetermined characteristic is present in the sampled message. The identification may be based on a confidence measure stored in a channel configuration table which is incremented when a message on the signalling link is identified as being in that particular protocol and decremented when a message is identified as being in another protocol.

Abstract: A hierarchical communication system, arranged in a spanning tree configuration, is described in which wired and wireless communication networks exhibiting substantially different characteristics are employed in an overall scheme to link portable or mobile computing devices. Copies of data, program code and processing resources are migrated from their source toward requesting destinations based on request frequency, communication link costs and available local storage and/or processing resources. Each appropriately configured network device acts as an active participant in network migration. In addition, portable two-dimensional (2-D) code reading terminals are configured to wirelessly communicate compressed 2-D images toward stationary access servers that identify the code image through decoding and through comparison with a database of images that have previously been decoded and stored.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for distributing broadcast quality video (or similar timing critical data) in the home over a network that is also carrying IP traffic integrates non-IP video traffic with IP traffic in a seamless manner. The present invention provides a method and apparatus for creating a network with mixed traffic, e.g., both timing critical traffic, such as MPEG type traffic, and IP traffic. The method transmits the timing critical data directly to a Media Access Control (MAC) layer and adds one or more specific functions to the Media Access Control to maintain timing restrictions of the timing critical data. The timing critical data can include an MPEG video data stream, and the one or more specific functions are then one or more MPEG specific functions.

Abstract: In a packet communications network, e.g. a third generation wireless network, combined billing of a user is provided for the delivery of communications services to that user and for the on-line purchase of goods and services by the user via the communications network. A set of rules is provided and a respective billing tariff and account is determined from the rules and each packet address. Credit transfers are made between user accounts and the accounts of goods/services supplies held in a common database.

Abstract: A method for managing a multimedia session includes receiving a request to initiate a multimedia session, which includes first media and second media. The method further includes establishing a first delegated session with a first device to communicate the first media, and associating the first delegated session with the multimedia session.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for providing an SIP session between a first and a second entity, said method comprising the steps of establishing a SIP session between the first and second entity; transmitting at least one media stream from the first entity to the second entity; and controlling at least one of transmission, storage and play back of the at least one media stream in said SIP session at said first and/or second entity.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a wireless terminal may include an application subsystem and a communication subsystem. The communication subsystem in one embodiment may enable a virtual direct interface to a remote network to be presented to the application subsystem via a wireless communication system air link interface. The communication subsystem may allow applications of the application subsystem to be independent of any particular radio technology or network implementation of a wireless communication system air link interface. Once a session is established between the communication subsystem and the wireless communication system air link interface, the application subsystem may gain access to the remote network through the communication subsystem via a transport interface.

Abstract: A method (1100) and a mobile station (160) for operating in accordance with a discontinuous transmission mode are described herein. The mobile station (160) may include a first time constant generator (340), a second time constant generator (350), and a logic unit (330). The first time constant generator (340) may generate a first time constant in response to a first command from the logic unit (330) whereas the second time constant generator (350) may generate a second time constant in response to a second command from the logic unit (330). The first time constant is greater than the second time constant, which in turn, is associated with the discontinuous transmission mode.

Abstract: In a communications system having a plurality of endpoints each including a logical entity and its physical counterpart, a method for group affiliation. The method including the steps of: receiving a first message from a requestor via application layer routing that includes an affiliation request; generating a response to the affiliation request as a function of the type of affiliation request received; and communicating the response to the affiliation request to the requestor via application layer routing.

Abstract: A data broadcast program transport stream (TS) transmission device provided in a broadcast station, and for transmitting a data broadcast program TS based on a data broadcast program TS distributed over a network by another broadcast station. The data broadcast program TS transmission device stores a selection list that shows whether data broadcast program elements of the received data broadcast program are for inclusion in the data broadcast program TS of the broadcast station, and a replacement list that shows the replacement of data broadcast program elements for inclusion with local program elements produced in the broadcast station. A separation judgment unit separates TS packets from the received data broadcast program TS, refers to the selection list, and notifies the replacement execution unit of data broadcast program elements for inclusion.

Abstract: A device, method, system and computer readable medium allows for simultaneously attaching multiple APNs in a WAN, having a cellular network, to a short distance wireless network. In an embodiment of the present invention, a device, such as a cellular telephone, includes a processor and memory to store a software component for simultaneously attaching to multiple APNs providing services to a short distance wireless network responsive to a terminal in the short distance wireless network communicating with the device. In an embodiment of the present invention, the communicating includes receiving a short-range radio message including a destination address, such as an IP address and port number, identifying the selected APN.

Abstract: An interface system for interfacing to a first receiving device receiving a first plurality of signals and a second receiving device receives a second signal includes a microcontroller coupled to the first receiving device and the second receiving device. The interface has an output. The microcontroller couples a first portion of the first plurality of signals from the first receiving device and receives the second signal after the first portion. The second signal is coupled to the output. Thereafter, the second portion of the first plurality of signals is coupled to the output.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for inband emergency notification for voice calls by multiplexing at least one emergency signal within an audible data stream and transmitting the audible data stream from a telematic communication unit to a mobile vehicle communication system. The mobile vehicle communication system decodes the emergency signal from the audible data stream and provides an emergency service as a function of the emergency signal.

Abstract: A rate matching method is provided for a mobile communication system that performs an adjustment to a code rate based on an optimal level by puncturing or repetition to respective bit streams of transport channels. The rate matching method is preferably applicable to uplink and downlink rate matching for channel coding including turbo coding, convolutional coding and the like. The rate matching method for uplink can include executing coding for bits of a transport channel, and branching off the bits into a plurality of sequences, constructing a first interleaving pattern for the plurality of sequences, constructing a virtual interleaving pattern for at least one sequence based on a mapping rule with a corresponding first interleaving pattern and calculating different bit shifting values in each column of each virtual interleaving pattern. Then, a bit position to be punctured is determined in each constructed virtual interleaving pattern using the calculated bit shifting values.