Abstract: A multi-chip package includes a transparent substrate, at least two chips, a plurality of connecting terminals, and a molding compound. In this case, the transparent substrate has a conductive layer for electrical inter-connection. The chips are mounted on the transparent substrate, so that the chips and the conductive layer form a circuitry system. At least one of the chips is provided on the transparent substrate by way of flip-chip attachment. The connecting terminals electrically connect to the circuitry system through a plurality of wires. Thus, the circuitry system electrically connects to external devices with the wires and connecting terminals. The molding compound at least encapsulates the wires.

Abstract: A CF card (1) comprises: a casing constituted by two panel plates (2, 2) and a frame (3); and a printed wiring board (4) accommodated in the casing. A plurality of claw-like engaging parts (5) are provided to the peripheries of the panel plates (2). When the CF card (1) is assembled, the engaging parts (5) of the first panel plate (2) are inserted into through holes of a long groove (8) provided in the frame (3) and then the printed wiring board (4) is mounted on the panel plate (2) located at the inside of the frame (3). Thereafter, the engaging parts (5) of the second panel plate (2) are inserted into the through holes of the long groove (8) from the surface located in the opposite side of the frame (3). There are two types of engaging parts (5): one having lances and the other having holes. Inside the through holes, the lances of the engaging parts (5) of one panel plate (2) are inserted into the holes of the engaging parts (5) of the other panel plate (2).

Abstract: An energy converter comprising a free piston engine with a cylinder (2), a piston (3), a body connected to the piston such as an armature (11) of a linear electric generator (10). The energy converter comprises a spring device (15), via which the armature (11) is springingly connected to the housing (1), and which is arranged to permit an oscillation of the armature (11) in the piston's (3) direction of movement with a natural frequency fc relative to the stator (12).

Abstract: A starter includes an electric motor, a pinion gear driven by the electric motor and a magnetic switch having a plunger driven by a magnetic coil. Electric power to be fed to both the electric motor and the magnetic coil is supplied from an on-board battery through a single common input terminal of the starter. The magnetic switch is composed of a main switch through which a full power is supplied to the electric motor and an auxiliary switch through which a limited power is supplied. Upon closing the auxiliary switch, the motor is driven at a low speed and the pinion gear is engaged with a ring gear of the engine. Then, the main switch is closed to thereby crank up the engine with a full power.

Abstract: There is disclosed a caisson and a method of using same. The caisson is for creating electrical power from a tidal stream. The power may be used to create hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cells. The device includes a body having an inlet and an outlet to allow the passage of water there through. A compartment extends between the inlet and the outlet and provides at least one paddle wheel rotatably mounted within the compartment for contact with incoming water. The compartment may be pressurized to reduce the volume of water present in the compartment when the caisson is submerged in the stream. The paddle wheel is connected to suitable pumps and generators in order to harness the energy from the mechanical energy created by the paddle wheel.

Abstract: Improvements to wind turbines for electrical power generation, incorporating a blade (4) rotor for harnessing the action of the wind, which consists of a hub (3) prolonged at the rear with an extension (7) that constitutes the assembly shaft for the rotating action with respect to the body (1) of the wind turbine, with the hub (3) and the aforementioned extension (7) forming the shaft constituting a single manufactured piece, with regard to which the blades (4) are arranged in a yaw rotary assembly that is operated by means of respective hydraulic cylinders (20).

Abstract: A rotary contactless connector and a non-rotary contactless connector enable data transmission in a contactless mode by optical elements by combining a rotary transformer or a stationary transformer and a means for coupling the optical elements, and providing a power system with or without a buffer feature by a storage means to receive supplied electric power. The rotary contactless connector has a rotary transformer (1), a light emitting element (8) or a light receiving element provided in the rotor (3), and a stationary light emitting element or light receiving element (11). Data is transmitted between the light emitting element (8) and the light receiving element (11) while supplying electric power to the rotor (3) through the intermediary of the rotary transformer (1).

Abstract: A vehicle power distribution system for selectively providing battery power to a circuit. A circuit-interrupting device is arranged to respond to a control signal by selectively applying the battery power to the circuit. A circuit protection device is moveable between a first circuit position and a second circuit position, where the first circuit position is arranged to pass a current through the circuit concurrently with the circuit interrupting device. The second circuit position is arranged to pass the current around said circuit interrupting device.

Abstract: The device has a sensor device (20) and an evaluation device (30). The sensor device (20) has a global sensor (22), by which the general light intensity in the surroundings of the vehicle is detected nondirectionally, and a directional sensor (24), by which the light intensity is detected directionally in the travel direction of the vehicle. By the evaluation device (30), the signals (S1, S2) of the sensors (22, 24) of the sensor device (20) are compared with threshold values (SE), and if at least one threshold value (SE) is undershot, the lighting devices (10, 12) are switched on. A temperature measuring instrument (32) for detecting the temperature of the sensor device (20) is also provided, which supplies the evaluation device with a signal (ST) about the temperature. In the evaluation device (30), temperature-dependent basic signals (S10, S20) that the sensors (22, 24) generate without light incidence are stored in memory.

Abstract: A device for controlling a power distribution to subsystems, comprising a power input to be connected to a power source; a primary power output to be connected to a primary device; at least one secondary power output to be connected to at least one secondary device; sensing means for sensing when a current level falls below a threshold in response to the primary device being turned off and when the current level raises above a threshold in response to the primary device being turned on; executing means operatively connected with said sensing means and operative for interrupting a power supply to said at least one secondary device when the sensing means sense the current level below the threshold and supplying power to said at least one secondary device when said sensing means sense the current level above the threshold correspondingly; power limiting means for limiting voltage across said sensing means; and a low current operating means which increases the voltage to provide triggering of said executing means

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a power distribution to devices has a power inlet to be connected to a power source, a primary power outlet to be connected to a primary device, at least one secondary power outlet to be connected to at least one secondary device, a sensing unit for sensing when a current level falls below a threshold in response to the primary device being turned off and when the current level raises above a threshold in response to the primary device being turned on, an executing unit for interrupting a power supply to the at least one secondary power outlet when the sensing unit senses the currents level below the threshold and supplying power to the at least one secondary power outlet when the sensing unit senses the current level above the threshold correspondingly, and a unit for setting the threshold for interrupting a power supply lower than the threshold for supplying power to the at least one secondary outlet.

Abstract: A method of supplying supplemental power from a supplemental power source in addition to that from a primary power source in order to meet power demand of a load, comprising: measuring power flow from the primary power source to the power load; developing an error signal by subtracting a fixed power offset from the actual primary power source power measurement; establishing a gain; creating an input by multiplying the error signal by the gain; creating a supplemental power source power adjustment command based upon the input; and adjusting the power output of the supplemental power source based on the supplemental power source power adjustment command.

Abstract: A voltage sag generator for alternating current power systems intentionally creates power quality disturbances. The sag generator combines different switching technologies to optimize power dissipation and transition performance.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus includes a boost circuit and a switch circuit. The boost circuit has rectifying elements and charge storage elements associated with the rectifying elements, and outputs a boosted voltage by sequentially cumulating charges in the charge storage elements in accordance with an AC input signal. The switch circuit switches a polarity of boosting in cumulating the charges in the charge storage elements. The boost circuit includes a circuit part that supplies charges to be sequentially cumulated in positive and negative directions in accordance with the AC input signal.

Abstract: An industrial control output device is provided which provides electrical isolation between device power and field power. The device includes two isolation devices, one of which is adapted to energize a power switching device, and the other is adapted to de-energize the switching device. The output device thus minimizes or reduces EMI/RFI emissions and provides fast switching times in selectively providing power to a load. In addition, the invention includes a method of providing power to a load in an industrial control system, which allows fast switching of a digital output with minimal or reduced EMI/RFI emissions.

Abstract: Methods and devices for implementing repeaters in integrated circuit wire buses having a pre-determined wire pitch, such as a minimum wire pitch, are described. In one embodiment, a parameterized bus repeater circuit cell of variable length having a width of three times the wire pitch of the bus to be repeated is described. In another embodiment, a bus repeater circuit block having a plurality of individual bus repeater circuit cells is described. The embodiments of the present invention are readily adaptable to design implementations using computer-aided design tools to provide automated placement and array of the bus repeater circuit cells and bus repeater circuit blocks.

Abstract: An electromechanic film intended for transforming electric energy into mechanical energy and transforming mechanical energy into electric energy. The film (1) is dielectric and formed of cells (3), the ratio of the height and width of which cells is between 3:1 and 1:3. By joining two such films together and controlling them in such a way that in the first film (1) the electric field strength decreases and in the second film (1) the electric field strength increases, a bending acoustic element is provided.

Abstract: Modular field windings including multiple coils are provided about a rotor core. Axially spaced spacers maintain the coils circumferentially spaced from one another, the spacers and coils defining radially directed openings in the rotor. Flow directing elements are disposed in the openings to maintain constant or increased flow velocity of cooling gas in a radial outward direction along passages between the elements and the coils to maintain or increase the heat transfer coefficient, thereby enhancing the cooling effect of the gas flow on the turns.

Abstract: A coil support wedge for a high speed generator is integrally constructed and includes a plurality of flow passageways. Because it is integrally formed, the support wedge is substantially fluid tight. Thus, it is less susceptible to cooling fluid leakage from the flow passageways, which increases the overall reliability of the generator into which the wedge is installed.

Abstract: A fastening structure for securing a stator of a motor includes a copper sleeve with a notch thereon and a fastener. The fastener is composed of a position section and a hook section, wherein the hook section engages with the notch and the position section presses on the top surfaces of the coil bobbin of the stator.

Abstract: An electronically controlled electric motor has, as position sensors (6), coils (5) which are arranged in a stator (2) and opposite permanent magnets (4) of a rotor (3). The coils (5) are produced integrally with connecting leads (7). This allows the electric motor to be used in an environment with solvents. Furthermore, the electric motor is of a particularly inexpensive design.

Abstract: A canned motor comprising a rotor assembly having at least 6 poles, a stator assembly, and an isolating can separating the rotor assembly and stator assembly. The canned motor an L3/D4 ratio of less than 50, and first and second frictionless bearings positioned on the rotor shaft.

Abstract: A permanent magnet motor comprises a frame and a plurality of energizable coils mounted on the frame and are substantially equally spaced from one another. A starting coil is mounted on the frame. A wheel is rotatably mounted on the frame. Carried on the wheel are a plurality of permanent magnets, which are substantially equally spaced form one another. The axes of the energizable coils are disposed substantially at right angles to the axes of the permanent magnets. The permanent magnets cooperate with the energizable coils, so that upon energization of the starting coil, the wheel will begin to rotate in a first direction and upon energization of the energizable coils the wheel will continue to rotate in said first direction. The energizable coils are generally cylindrical and the outer surface of each permanent magnet has a recess complementary to the outer surface of the energizable coil so that the permanent magnet and pass closely to the energizable coil during rotation of the wheel.

Abstract: A permanent magnetic type electric rotating machine includes: a stator having armature winding arranged in several slots formed in a stator core; and a rotor having permanent magnets held in several permanent magnetic insertion holes formed in a rotor core, in which a peripheral surface of the rotor core is configured to be a combination of arcs around two points different from a center of the rotor core for each magnetic pole in such a manner that when an axis extending in a central direction of a magnetic pole of the rotor is a d axis, and an axis extending in a direction between magnetic poles that is offset from the central direction of the magnetic pole by 90 electrical degrees is a q axis, a radial distance from a center of the rotor core to a periphery of the rotor is reduced gradually from the d axis to the q axis.

Abstract: A permanent magnetic type electric rotating machine includes: a stator having armature winding arranged in several slots formed in a stator core; and a rotor having permanent magnets held in several permanent magnetic insertion holes formed in a rotor core, in which a peripheral surface of the rotor core is configured to be a combination of arcs around two points different from a center of the rotor core for each magnetic pole in such a manner that when an axis extending in a central direction of a magnetic pole of the rotor is a d axis, and an axis extending in a direction between magnetic poles that is offset from the central direction of the magnetic pole by 90 electrical degrees is a q axis, a radial distance from a center of the rotor core to a periphery of the rotor is reduced gradually from the d axis to the q axis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a motor comprising a stator core having plural teeth and slots provided among the teeth, a winding applied on the teeth by a single turn, and a rotor incorporating plural permanent magnets, which is rotated and driven by utilizing reluctance torque in addition to magnet torque. By turning thus divided teeth by a single winding, the occupation rate of the winding in the slots can be raised. As a result, a motor of small size and large output can be presented.

Abstract: A stator assembly for an electric machine includes a metal core with windings installed into slots of the core. A pair of conductors of a continuous form is used for each phase of the machine. The windings are interlaced to alternate between radially inner and outer positions in each adjacent winding slot of the stator core.

Abstract: A brushless electric motor is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the motor includes a permanent magnet rotor having a plurality of magnetic poles thereupon and a stator. The stator further includes a plurality of stacked laminations defining a plurality of slots therein, and a plurality of fractional-pitch phase windings disposed within the plurality of slots. The motor has a non-integer slots-per-pole ratio, and a magnitude of 5th and 7th harmonic components of a fundamental frequency component of the motor are less than 0.3% and 0.1% of a magnitude of the fundamental frequency component, respectively.

Abstract: A rotor assembly includes a substantially cylindrical support structure having at least one first region, and at least one second region. At least one rotor coil is positioned within each first region of the substantially cylindrical support structure. Each rotor coil includes a pair of distal end portions and a convex center portion, and the average mechanical density of the convex center portion is substantially equal to the average mechanical density of the distal end portions. The average mechanical density of the at least one first region is substantially equal to the average mechanical density of the at least one second region.

Abstract: A pole piece assembly (28) for an electric motor (20) formed of stacked interlocked lamina (46) that define a first set of stacked lamina (50) and a second set of stacked lamina (52). Each of the lamina (46) of the first (50) and second (52) sets of stacked lamina include a hole (60) with the holes (60) being aligned with each other to define an internal cavity. A post (64) is disposed within the cavity with the post (64) having an outer surface (66) and a pair of bores (68) disposed therein. The pole piece assembly (28) is characterized by each of the lamina (46) of the second set of stacked lamina (52) further including a notch (74, 78) with the notch (74, 78) mating with the hole (60). The notches (74, 78) of the second set of stacked lamina (52) are aligned with each other to define a passageway into the internal cavity with the bore (68) of the post (64) being aligned with the passageway to expose the bore (68).

Abstract: Electric motor, in particular for raising and lowering panes in a motor vehicle having a transmission (11) and a transmission housing (10) and control electronics located in the transmission housing (10) such that the control electronics has precisely one essentially rectangular printed circuit board located in the transmission housing (10).

Abstract: A spindle motor for use in a disk drive having a rotatable head stack assembly. The spindle motor has a spindle motor hub. The spindle motor further has a magnet radially attached about the spindle motor hub. The spindle motor further has a spindle motor stator. The spindle motor has a stator rim. The spindle motor stator further has a plurality of stator teeth arrayed about and internally extending from the stator rim. The stator teeth are sized to fit about the magnet in operable communication therewith for rotating the spindle motor hub. The stator teeth have laminate layers. The stator teeth have a least one reduced height stator tooth having fewer laminate layers than a remainder of the stator teeth. The reduced height stator tooth is positionable adjacent the head stack assembly for allowing the head stack assembly to pivot over the reduced height stator tooth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a structure of a stacked stator core formed when rotary motors are manufactured and to a method of manufacturing the stacked stator core. It is possible to improve the workability in the winding process and the productivity of the stator and the rotary motor because the stacked stator core includes a plurality of stator cores 300, each of which is made up of a prescribed number of stacked sheet magnetic materials, a plurality of yoke members 301 forming each stator core, a bendable bent portion 304 provided between the yoke members, and an interconnecting portion 401 for connecting the plurality of stator cores 300 one another while providing a difference in level, by connecting the top end of one stator core with the bottom end of the other stator core.

Abstract: A method for making a stator of a brushless direct current motor, includes the steps of: winding a coil set to predetermined turns, thereby forming a ring body having a central hole, and performing an insulation process; mounting at least two pole plates on two end faces of the coil set respectively, the pole face and the magnetically conducting plates of each pole plate encompassing the inner and outer periphery of the coil set respectively, and a wiring head of the coil set being drawn outside of the pole plate; and mounting a combination member on the magnetically conducting rings (or plates) of each pole plate, thereby forming a stator. The pole faces of each pole plate may be induced with the permanent magnet of the rotor.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical (MEM) apparatus is disclosed which has a platform that can be elevated above a substrate and tilted at an arbitrary angle using a plurality of flexible members which support the platform and control its movement. Each flexible member is further controlled by one or more MEM actuators which act to bend the flexible member. The MEM actuators can be electrostatic comb actuators or vertical zip actuators, or a combination thereof. The MEM apparatus can include a mirror coating to form a programmable mirror for redirecting or switching one or more light beams for use in a projection display. The MEM apparatus with-the mirror coating also has applications for switching light beams between optical fibers for use in a local area fiber optic network, or for use in fiber optic telecommunications or data communications systems.

Abstract: Disclosed is a unidirectional surface acoustic wave transducer for a SAW transversal filter, which uses a piezoelectric substrate made of Lithium Tetraborate (Li2B4O7) and has a phase difference (&Dgr;&thgr;) of approximately 45° between a reflection center and an excitation center, thereby improving its filter characteristics. A curve D1 is obtained by plotting plural points using as X and Y values the values of a relative electrode thickness H/&lgr;(%) and a relative electrode width M/&lgr; of a point having the maximum reflection coefficient |r|, and then connecting the plural points. A curve D2 is obtained by plotting plural points using as X and Y values the values of a relative electrode thickness H/&lgr;(%) and a relative electrode width M/&lgr; of a point of the phase difference (&Dgr;&thgr;) of 45° between a reflection center and an excitation center, and then connecting the plural points.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave (SAW) identification tag having a coded transducer and methods of operating and manufacturing the tag. In one embodiment the tag includes: (1) a piezoelectric substrate having a number of reflectors distributed among a group of slots arranged by both pulse position and phase position on the substrate for encoding a number by pulse and phase position; and (2) a SAW transducer located on the substrate for generating a coded interrogation pulse.

Abstract: A pizoelectric actuator assembly for actuating industrial control valves or clamps provides a compact actuator including a single piece main structure with integrated hinge, mechanical lever, and spring in a shape such that in response to electrical activation, the piezoelectric device transfers mechanical energy from a predetermined axis into the force transfer member operably positioned for driving at least one pivotable arm portion in rotational movement with a loss of motion of less than 40%.

Abstract: According to various aspects of the invention, a transducer is manufactured by providing a substrate assembly, making major element cuts in the substrate assembly in a first direction, making minor element cuts in the substrate assembly in a second direction, positioning a plurality of signal lines (such as a flex circuit) on the substrate assembly such that the plurality of signal lines is aligned with said minor element cuts, and making major element cuts in the substrate assembly in the second direction after said plurality of signal lines is positioned.

Abstract: In a polarization method of the multi-layered piezoelectric body in which a plurality of piezoelectric layers and a plurality of internal electrodes are alternately laminated and adjacent piezoelectric layers are polarized in the thickness direction such that the polarized directions thereof are in opposite directions, a first polarization process in which an electric field in one direction is applied in the thickness direction to the multi-layered piezoelectric body and a polarization is uniformly performed in the thickness direction, and a secondary polarization process in which an electric field in the opposite direction is applied to the piezoelectric layers on both sides of one of the internal electrodes and the direction of polarization of only one of the piezoelectric layers on one side of the internal electrode is reversed are provided.

Abstract: A lamp unit with a light control function for the light emitted from this lamp unit, for which a high pressure mercury lamp is used which is filled with at least 0.15 mg/mm3 mercury and which has a hermetically enclosing arrangement, an essentially hermetically enclosing arrangement or an arrangement in which there is a flow path for actively flowing cooling air within. The lamp unit for a projector has a high pressure mercury lamp of the short arc type with a wall load of at least 1 W/mm2 which is filled with at least 0.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp assembly (10) has improved thermal venting. The discharge light source (12) is housed within a reflector body (20). Recesses (40) are circumferentially spaced around an open end (28) of the reflector body. A containment structure (50, 50′, 50″) provides a structure that serves the containment function without interfering with the thermal venting.

Abstract: A spark plug having a tubular metallic shell (1), an insulator (2) fitted into the metallic shell (1), a center electrode (3) provided in the insulator (2), and a ground electrode (4), one end of the ground electrode (4) being joined to the metallic shell (1) by means of welding or a like process, and a spark discharge gap (g) being formed between the other end portion of the ground electrode (4) and the center electrode (3), the spark plug being further characterized in that: the ground electrode (4) has an electrode base metal (4a), a Cu-based heat transfer acceleration element (4c) embedded in the electrode base metal (4a) and formed predominantly from Cu, and a noble metal chip (32) welded to the electrode base metal (4a) at a position facing the spark discharge gap (g); and the electrode base metal (4a) is an Ni alloy containing Cr in an amount of 14%-17% by mass, Mo in an amount of 0.8%-3.5% by mass, and Ni in an amount of 68%-85.2% by mass.

Abstract: A spark plug is described having a partially cylindrical insulator element and a housing surrounding the insulator element on the side of a base part. The insulator element and the housing are connected with one another by at least one material bond and/or one friction-lock connection aligned in the radial direction. A compact spark plug can be produced using this type of connection. In particular, the diameter of the spark plug is smaller than the diameter of known spark plugs having the same characteristics.

Abstract: This invention concerns a compact fluorescent lamp with a double helix shaped discharge tube in which the two strands of the helix are constituted by two helix shaped tube portions. These tube portions define a central axis of the discharge tube. The double helix formed by the discharge tube has a central section and a first end section. These sections are defined along the central axis, and the lamp base for receiving ends of the tube portions is disposed at the first end section. An inner diameter of the central section of the helix is larger than an inner diameter of the first end section. The invention further relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing coiled shaped discharge tubes, in particular the above described discharge tube of the discharge lamp. A radially segmented molding core is used for manufacturing the discharge tube.

Abstract: A structure of a capsule for a rapidly expanding metallic mixture includes one or more trigger electrode support rods arranged between the main trigger electrodes such that the trigger electrode support rods are linearly aligned with the main trigger electrodes, with an additional trigger electrode provided at each end of the trigger electrode support rods. Also, an electrolyte is added to the metallic mixture and the trigger electrodes are arranged at intervals of 1-100 mm and thus readily inducing arc discharge between the trigger electrodes. The capsule structure thus easily and effectively triggers an oxidation reaction of the metallic mixture even in the case of a long capsule.

Abstract: The oxide cathode comprises a support and an oxide layer on the latter. It furthermore includes particles of a conducting material having a first end incorporated in the support and a second end lodged in the oxide layer, so as to constitute conducting bridges passing through an interface layer forming between the support and the oxide layer. The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing such a cathode. The conducting particles make it possible to improve the electrical conductivity of the cathode, both within the oxide layer and within the interface layer.

Abstract: A photocathode as a source of electron beams, having a substrate of optically transmissive diamond and a photoemitter. A photocathode with a single emitting region provides a single electron beam; a photocathode with multiple emitting regions provides multiple electron beams. The photoemitter is positioned on the side of the diamond substrate opposite the surface on which the illumination is incident, and has an irradiation region at the contact with the optically transmissive diamond, and an emission region opposite the irradiation region, these regions being defined by the path of the illumination. The diamond substrate at the irradiation region/emission region interface conducts heat away from this focused region of illumination on the photocathode. Alternately, a diamond film is used for heat conduction, while another material is used as a substrate to provide structural support.

Abstract: The low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp has a filling of mercury and an inert gas, and the glass discharge vessel (1) is provided on the inner surface (4) of the wall (3) with a film (6) of trifluoride and/or oxyfluoride of at least one element, which is trivalent at most, which is selected from lanthanides, lanthanum, scandium and yttrium. The film (6) counteracts transport of mercury from the discharge vessel to the wall (3) and of alkali from the wall (3) to the discharge vessel. In this manner, a decrease of the lamp's efficiency and of the service life are counteracted.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises first and second substrates, a support frame arranged between the first and second substrates, and surrounding a space between the first and second substrates, electron emitting devices arranged on the first substrate facing the space, and an image forming member arranged on the second substrate. A spacer is disposed in the space between the first and second substrates, and a conductive film is arranged on the second substrate to surround the image forming member. The conductive film is supplied with a potential lower than that applied to the image forming member, and the spacer has a length greater than that of the image forming member. Each longitudinal end of the spacer is arranged between the inner periphery of the support frame and a respective plane through which a corresponding end of the conductive film extends perpendicularly to a principal surface of the second substrate.