Abstract: A semiconductor device formed on a semiconductor substrate having an active region and a method of making the same is disclosed. The semiconductor device includes a dielectric layer interposed between a gate electrode and the semiconductor substrate. Further, the semiconductor device includes graded dielectric constant spacers formed on sidewalls of the dielectric layer, sidewalls of the gate electrode and portions of an upper surface of the semiconductor substrate. The dielectric constant of the graded dielectric constant spacers decreases in a direction away from the sidewalls of the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method for forming a silicon dioxide layer over a silicon substrate including providing a substrate having exposed silicon portions; and, forming a silicon dioxide layer over the exposed silicon portions according to an oxide formation process including contacting the exposed silicon portions with an oxidizing solution comprising water and ozone.

Abstract: A reinforced membrane, particularly well suited for use as a membrane in a single ply roofing membrane system, includes first and second thermoplastic olefin (“TPO”) sheets and a polypropylene reinforcing mesh or scrim intermediate the first and second thermoplastic olefin sheets and bonded to the first and second thermoplastic olefin sheets.

Abstract: A textile substrate is provided which is coated with a film comprising iron (III) oxide hydroxide and aluminum oxide hydroxide. This film or coating is formed by contacting the textile substrate with an aqueous solution comprising ferrous or ferric salts and aluminum salts. The iron (II), iron (III), and aluminum ions are hydrolyzed and the iron (II) ions are also oxidized under controlled conditions. These hydrolyzed species then, it is believed, coprecipitate or copolymerized to on the textile surface to form a smooth, coherent, substantially amorphous iron (III) oxide/aluminum oxide hydroxide film or coating on the surface of the substrate without forming an insoluble iron (III) or aluminum hydroxide precipitate in the solution. This is accomplished by controlling the reaction conditions such that the rates of adsorption onto the substrate surface of both iron (III) and aluminum oxide hydroxides are greater than the rates of formation of said same oxide hydroxide particles.

Abstract: According to the invention the labels (22) are produced in a broad woven fabric (21) comprising ground warp yarn (4) and ground weft yarn (5) for a ground woven fabric (11), embroidery weft yarn (12) which forms a figure and code weft yarn (10) which forms a barcode, said yarn being distinguishable from the ground warp yarn only in a light outside the visible spectrum. In the broad woven fabric (21) several labels (22) are produced whose longitudinal sides (1) adjoin each other in the weft direction and remain unfolded and whose lateral sides (2) are adjacent to each other in the warp direction and can be folded. The embroidery weft yarn (12) and the code weft yarn (10) extend parallel to each other and at a distance from the longitudinal sides (1) so that the backs of the labels (22) are evenly covered and thus uniformly transparent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a durable and imaged flame-retardant nonwoven fabric that can be used for flame-retardant apparel and other related applications. The fabric is formed by providing a precursor web consisting of a blend of melamine fibers and aramid fibers. The precursor web is hydroentangled on a three-dimensional image transfer device for formation of the fabric. The resultant fabric provides desirable air permeability and Thermal Protective Properties.

Abstract: A compositional range for a mother glass composition for graded index lenses which has a desired refractive index and is less apt to be devitrified and to develop cracks upon ion exchange was obtained by incorporating at least a given amount of one or more ingredients which are selected from oxides of metal elements ranging from yttrium, atomic number 39, to tantalum, atomic number 73, and which are less apt to cause glass coloration into a glass based on SiO2—TiO2—Li2O—Na2O and containing no lead oxide. In particular, a compositional range in which a large angular aperture is obtained and devitrification is less apt to occur was obtained by incorporating Ta2O5 and ZrO2 in a specific proportion and in specific amounts.

Abstract: The invention concerns a grey glass composition of the soda-lime type having a global light transmission under an illuminant A (TLA) more than 15% for a glass thickness equal to 4.85 mm, said composition comprising colouring agents as follows in the following weight percentage limits: Fe2O3: 0.25-0.65%, preferably 0.3-0.6% and more preferably still 0.3-0.4%; CoO: 150-250 ppm and preferably>185 ppm; NiO: 650-1000 ppm; Se<5 ppm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a silicon carbide-boron nitride composite material, which synthesised according to an in-situ chemical reaction between silicon nitride, boron carbide and carbon, and which contains fine boron nitride particles dispersed in a silicon carbide matrix, wherein aforementioned composite material is obtained by molding a powder mixture containing each of the components required in the in-situ reaction and sintering the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for making boron nitride powder having a thermal diffusivity of from about 0.14 cm2/s to about 0.20 cm2/s. This method involves pressing high purity, hexagonal boron nitride having an average platelet size of at least 2 microns into a compacted form, sintering the compacted form of boron nitride to form a sintered body, and crushing the sintered body under conditions effective to produce boron nitride powder having a thermal diffusivity of from about 0.14 cm2/s to about 0.20 cm2/s. Another aspect of the present invention relates to boron nitride powder having a thermal diffusivity of from about 0.14 cm2/s to about 0.20 cm2/s.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic composition comprising a main component composed of barium titanate, a first subcomponent including an oxide of AE (note that AE is at least one element selected from Mg, Ca, Ba and Sr), and a second subcomponent including an oxide of R (note that R is at least one element selected from Y, Dy, Ho and Er), wherein ratios of the subcomponents to 100 moles of the main component are, the first subcomponent: 0 mole<the first subcomponent<0.1 mole, and the second subcomponent: 1 mole<the second subcomponent<7 moles. According to the composition, a high specific permittivity can be attained, an insulation resistance lifetime can be maintained, the capacity-temperature characteristic can satisfy the X8R characteristic of the EIA standard, and firing in a reducing atmosphere can be realized.

Abstract: Safety stabilized solid, free-flowing compositions based on t-butyl peroxy maleic acid as well as processes for their preparation and use are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to DMC catalysts which comprise at least 10% by weight, based on the weight of the DMC catalysts, of a crystalline multimetal cyanide compound whose X-ray diffractogram shows sharp reflections at least at the d values of 11.4 ű0.5 Å 8.9 ű0.5 Å 6.3 ű0.5 Å 5.8 ű0.5 Å 5.5 ű0.5 Å 4.5 ű0.5 Å 4.4 ű0.5 Å 3.9 ű0.4 Å 3.7 ű0.4 Å 3.4 ű0.4 Å.

Abstract: A herbicidal agent comprising: (1) water; (2) ioxynil and/or a derivative thereof; (3) a compound of the formula (I) RO—(CH2H4O)n(CH3H6O)m—R′  (I) wherein RO is an alcohol radical selected from the group consisting of branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated monohydric alcohols having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a polyol radical having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and from 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups; R′ is hydrogen or an ester group —CO—R″ wherein R″ is a branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 5 to 29 carbon atoms, n is a number between 1 and 50 and m is zero or a number between 1 and 10. The herbicidal agents permit high penetration of the herbicide into the plant.

Abstract: An oil field production chemical, especially a scale inhibitor, is in the form of particles thereof carrying a coating e.g. of a dispersing agent. The coating may be polymeric such as an oligomeric polyacid polyester, a polymeric alkoxylated alcohol or a fatty acid polyamine condensate or it may also be a surfactant and may be used in the form of a suspension in an inert oil, such as diesel oil or kerosene which may be injected into a subterranean formation to inhibit the formation of deposits, e.g. scale in oil wells over a longer period than compounds free of the coating.

Abstract: The present invention provides a well treatment fluid that contains water, an oxidized chitosan-based compound, and a water-soluble compound having carbonyl groups, wherein the oxidized chitosan-based compound has the property of being soluble in water up to about 2 wt % while maintaining a viscosity of less than about 1000 cp. The water used for the well treatment fluid is selected from the group consisting of fresh water, seawater, natural brine, formulated brine, 2% KCl solution, and any mixtures in any proportion thereof. The present invention also provides a method of treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore comprising the steps of: (a) forming the well treatment fluid, and (b) contacting the subterranean formation with the fluid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, comprising: (A) a base oil; and a phosphorus-containing compound represented by the formulae wherein in Formulae (B-I) and (B-II), R1, R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl groups, and a, b and c are independently zero or 1; the lubricating oil composition being characterized by a sulfur content of about 0.01 to about 0.25% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides new compounds that can be used as antioxidants for either molecules that do not conation ester groups or esters of alcohols that contain two or more ester groups per molecule wherein at least two of the ester groups are on adjacent carbons in the alcohol moiety. Copper ions can enhance the antioxidization activity of the new compounds. Compositions containing one of the new compound and methods of using the new compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: Fluorinated dialkyl dithiophosphoric acids according to formula (I) and metallic salts thereof: the compounds are useful, for example, as additives for lubricant compositions.

Abstract: This invention aims to provide lubricating oil compositions excellent in low-temperature properties, oxidation stability, lubricity at high temperatures and fuel efficiency and also in handling properties at low temperatures, and a viscosity modifier for lubricating oil employable in said lubricating oil compositions. The viscosity modifier for lubricating oil comprises an ethylene/&agr;-olefin copolymer (B) composed of: (i) ethylene, (ii) an &agr;-olefin of 3 or more carbon atoms, and (iii) a higher &agr;-olefin of 4 to 20 carbon atoms wherein the carbon number of (iii) is larger than that of (ii) by one or more, and the ethylene/&agr;-olefin copolymer (B) has the following properties (b-1) and (b-2): (b-1) a content of ethylene (i) is in the range of 40 to 80% by weight, a content of the &agr;-olefin of 3 or more carbon atoms (ii) is in the range of 15 to 59% by weight, and a content of the higher &agr;-olefin of 4 to 20 carbon atoms (iii) is in the range of 0.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing particles of amine reaction product by means of an acid carrier. Processed amine reaction products and finished compositions incorporating such processed product are also herein provided.

Abstract: A chemical composition for cleaning an individual's dentures and gums is disclosed. The chemical composition would be in powder form but instead could be made into liquid form by adding water. The chemical composition would brushed onto dentures in an effort to clean the dentures of any powder or substance on them that remains to them after a person has removed them from their mouth.

Abstract: Novel skin cleansing formulations are disclosed herein. The formulations comprise an anionic particles, microfibers, or compounds which dislodge contaminants from skin through electrostatic interactions. The anionic particles, compounds, or microfibers can easily be incorporated into various products for improved skin cleaning and removal of the contaminant from the skin. The anionic particles do not necessarily kill microbes on the skin, but dislodge them from the skin surface such that they and other contaminants can easily be removed away from the skin by a substrate.

Abstract: A light duty liquid compositions comprising &agr;-sulfofatty acid ester, hydrotrope, and nonionic surfactant. The &agr;-sulfofatty acid ester and the hydrotrope stabilize the composition, by reducing pH drift and/or solubilizing the &agr;-sulfofatty acid ester in solution. Methods are also disclosed for making such compositions.

Abstract: This invention provides azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 2-chloropropane and dichloroethylene that are environmentally desirable for use as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, metered dose inhalers, blowing agents for polymer foam, heat transfer media, and gaseous dielectrics.

Abstract: Mild toilet bar compositions are described that contain synthetic surfactants, moisturizers and exfoliant particles where 25% or more of the particles have a major axis length of between 100 and 600 microns. The combination of the mild surfactants, moisturizers, and exfoliants provide the user with simultaneous moisturization and exfoliation.

Abstract: Anionic, hydrophobic polysaccharides useful as soil release agents in detergent compositions are graft copolymers of a polysaccharide having anionic substituents with an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, the copolymer having a polysaccharide backbone carrying grafted hydrophobic vinyl polymeric groups derived from the ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and anionic substituents. The polymers exhibit enhanced release of both oily and particulate soil from both polyester and cotton.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of protecting solid-state proteins from the effects of ionizing radiation which comprise combining the protein with a radiation-protecting amount of a methoxysalicylaldehyde derivative, preferably 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde; radiation-protecting amounts of a methoxysalicylaldehyde derivative, preferably 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde, and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid; or radiation-protecting amounts of a methoxysalicylaldehyde derivative, preferably 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde and isopropanol, prior to exposing the protein to ionizing radiation.

Abstract: The invention concerns a protein of the TGF-&bgr; family, the DNA coding therefor and a pharmaceutical composition containing the protein.

Abstract: The present invention provides anti-angiogenic compositions, and more particularly provides endostatin protein fragments. The compositions of the present invention may be used for the treatment of angiogenesis-dependent diseases such as cancer.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) formula (II) formula (III) and formula (IV) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, are antibacterial agents. Compositions containing the compounds, processes for making the compounds, synthetic intermediates employed in the processes, and methods for treatment and prevention of bacterial infections are disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of stabilizing azithromycin compositions are described. Stabilized azithromycin compositions comprise an intimate admixture of azithromycin and a stabilizing-effective amount of an antioxidant to improve the resistance of the azithromycin to degradation. Coprecipitation or co-milling of azithromycin and an antioxidant are particularly preferred means of achieving an intimate admixture. Pharmaceutical formulations comprising a stabilized azithromycin composition and methods of making such formulations are also described.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof: which exhibit antibacterial properties. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject in need of antibiotic treatment. The invention also relates to methods of treating a bacterial infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention. The invention further includes process by which to make the compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: A method to treat an animal in need thereof with one or more parasiticides by administering those one or more parasiticides to the nasal pharynx of the animal. A method to increase an animal's blood levels of one or more avermectin compounds/milbemycin compounds such that the blood levels of those one or more avermectin compounds/milbemycin compounds reach a maximum concentration in about 24 hours, and such that those blood levels exceed about 2 ng/ml for at least 96 hours post administration.

Abstract: A treatment for conditions in human beings associated with either or both reactive arthritis or bursitis comprising a combination of acyclovir, minocycline hydrochloride, and metronidazole. An alternate treatment comprises the combination of valacyclovir hydrochloride, minocycline hydrochloride, and metronidazole.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a composition, method of enhancing potency and method of delivering corticosteroids in a vehicle comprising at least two penetration enhancers, and solvents and emulsifiers. The propylene glycol and penetration enhancers are present in ratio to the total of the propylene glycol, penetration enhancers, and solvents and emulsifiers of at least about 0.70.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for preventing the development of epithelial ovarian cancer by administering compounds in an amount capable of increasing TGF-&bgr; expression in the ovarian epithelium. HRT and OCP regimens comprising such compositions and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds which are 3-arylsulfonyl-2-methyl propanoic acid derivatives of formula (I): wherein X is HO—NH— or HO—, R1 is selected from phenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-florophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, benzamido (i.e., —NH—CO-Ph) and benzamido substituted on the terminal phenyl ring by C1-C4 alkyl, fluoro, chloro, cyano or C1-4 alkoxy; R2 is selected from (a) —S—Ar or —S—CH2—Ar wherein Ar is an aromatic moiety; (b) —O—Ar wherein Ar is as defined above; (c) —S-Het or —S—CH2-Het wherein Het is a heterocyclic ring; and (d) 2,5-dioxo-1-imidazolidinyl or 2,4-dioxo-1-imidazolinyl; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; have potent and selective inhibitory activity against matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and can thus be used in the treatment and prevention of diseases mediated by MMPs.

Abstract: The invention is directed to tricyclic indoloazepine compounds useful as vasopressin receptor antagonists, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the present invention and methods of treating conditions involving increased vascular resistance and cardiac insufficiency which include hypertension, congestive heart failure, cardiac insufficiency, coronary vasospasm, cardiac ischemia, liver cirrhosis, renal vasospasm, renal failure, cerebral edema and ischemia, stroke, thrombosis or water retention in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) are disclosed which are Fab I inhibitors and are useful in the treatment bacterial infections:

Abstract: The invention relates to novel quinazolines and heterocycles which are antagonists or positive modulators of AMPA receptors, and the use thereof for treating, preventing or ameliorating neuronal loss associated with stroke, global and focal ischemia, CNS trauma, hypoglycemia and surgery, as well as treating or ameliorating neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and Down's syndrome, treating, preventing or ameliorating the adverse consequences of the overstimulation of the excitatory amino acids, treating, preventing or ameliorating anxiety, psychosis, convulsions, chronic pain, glaucoma, retinitis, urinary incontinence, muscular spasm and inducing anesthesia, as well as for treating or ameliorating the adverse consequences of excitatory amino acid deficiency such as schizophrenia, myoclonus, Alzheimer's disease and malnutrition and neural maldevelopment, and as cognition and learning enhancers.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical tablet wherein famciclovir is the active ingredient and wherein the percentage of famciclovir by weight in the tablet is 85% or greater.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as defined herein, are useful in the treatment of stress-related and other diseases. These compounds have corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist activity and as such are of use in the treatment of stress and anxiety related, and other disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel 1,4-disubstituted benzo-fused compounds wherein G, X, L, Q, n and Y are defined herein. The compounds are useful in pharmaceutic compositions for treating diseases or pathological conditions involving inflammation such as chronic inflammatory diseases. Also disclosed are processes of making such compounds.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to compositions and methods with tramadol and an opioid antagonist to enhance analgesic potency and/or attenuate one or more adverse effects of tramadol, including adverse side effect(s) in humans such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, sedation (somnolence) or pruritis. This invention relates to compositions and methods for selectively enhancing the analgesic potency of tramadol and simultaneously attenuating anti-analgesia, hyperalgesia, hyperexcitability, physical dependence and/or tolerance effects associated with the administration of tramadol. The methods of the present invention comprise administering to a subject an analgesic or subanalgesic amount of tramadol and an amount of excitatory opioid receptor antagonist such as naltrexone or nalmefene effective to enhance the analgesic potency of tramadol and attenuate the anti-analgesia, hyperalgesia, hyperexcitability, physical dependence and/or tolerance effects of tramadol.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel 7-heterocyclyl quinoline and thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives of the general formula (I) or (II) wherein all variables are as herein defined, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in the treatment of disorders and conditions associated with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). The compounds of the invention are antagonists of GnRH, useful in the treatment of the infertility, prostate cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and as contraceptives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to organic molecules capable of modulating tyrosine kinase signal transduction in order to regulate, modulate and/or inhibit abnormal cell proliferation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain substituted heterocycles of Formula (I) which are useful in the treatment of diseases related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, such as type 2 diabetes, adipocyte differentiation, uncontrolled proliferation, such as lymphoma, Hodgkin's Disease, leukemia, breast cancer, prostate cancer or cancers in general; and inflammation, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's Disease or Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Abstract: Photoreleasable compounds comprising a caging moiety linked to an effector moiety represented by structural formula (I) wherein R1 is hydrogen; C1-10 alkyl or substituted alkyl; O(CH2)n—Y; N(COZ)(CH2)mY; or N[(CH2)mY′[(CH2)NY]; R2 and R3 are independently selected from: hydrogen; C1-10 alkyl or substituted alkyl; or R2 and R3 together are cycloalkyl; R4 is hydrogen; C1-10 alkyl or substituted alkyl; phenyl or substituted phenyl; (CH2)nY; or (CH2)mO(CH2)nY; wherein m and n are independently between 1 and 10; Y and Y′ are independently selected from hydrogen, CO2H or salts thereof or OPO32−, Z is hydrogen or C1-10 alkyl or substituted alkyl; and, X is an effector moiety or a group capable of being coupled or converted to an effector moiety, which are capable of releasing the effector moiety on irradiation, typically by flash irradiation with UV light.

Abstract: This invention is directed to novel halogenated paclitaxel derivatives, processes for their preparation and use as effective anti-tumor agents.