Abstract: A bending processor for a pipe has a pipe bending unit and a pipe twisting unit. The pipe bending unit is rotated by a predetermined angle while pressing the processed pipe against the circumferential face of a bending die, and performs the bending processing. The pipe bending unit may be movable in the longitudinal direction of the processed pipe or may be fixed. The pipe twisting unit is freely rotated by a predetermined angle with the center of the processed pipe as an axis. The pipe bending unit has a tensile bending function and a compression bending function.

Abstract: A tube reduction apparatus uses a pair of plates, each of the plates providing an X-shaped aperture therein. The X-shaped aperture comprises two pairs of opposing slots, and each slot provides a pair of opposing grooves. The grooves are oriented at right angles to the slots. The pair of plates are in face to face contact with the X-shaped apertures, grooves and slots aligned. A set of four wheels are mounted on transverse axles which are captured in the grooves with the wheels positioned in the slots. A V-shaped concave annular face has an has a semi-circular annular notch at its apex. The four wheels are positioned such that their edges are in mutual adjacency forming a square passage therebetween them.

Abstract: A clay composition for shaping noble metal is formed of a kneaded mixture of a mixed powder of noble metal having as main components thereof 30 to 70% by weight of a powder having an average particle diameter in the range of 2.2 to 3.0 &mgr;m and 70 to 30% by weight of a powder having an average particle diameter in the range of 5 to 20 &mgr;m with an aqueous solution of an organic binder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of a rolled edge from an edge section (11) of a tube, wherein a flanging die is driven onto the edge section and flanges it into a roll. According to the invention, an initial area (14) of the edge section (11) is previously rolled in a positive fit manner by means of a forcibly controlled tool (30). This prevents buckling of the initial area (14), which has a controlled geometry as a result of rolling. The novel method is preferably used in the production of valve seats in so-called aerosol domes (10) for spray cans.

Abstract: A suspension component for an automobile, such as a stabilizer bar, is provided and includes at least one localized portion having a strengthened outer surface. The localized portion is positioned at a location of highest stress along the suspension component. A method of forming the suspension component is also disclosed.

Abstract: Billett forging method involves heating and forging with two manipulator press in several passes by four-sided reduction in four-headed forging devices and transversal direction metal macro-shears. In temperature range, rough and final forging is carried out enclosing 40 to 100% of the cross-section perimeter of the billet. Forging system comprises forging press with top and bottom plates having locks arranging and fixing forging tools, a movable tool table positioning changeable forging tools, as two or more four-headed forging devices and one or two manipulators. Four-headed forging devices for rough and final forging are disposed on the table. Free space between the final forging device closed heads is 1.1-1.4 times less than the space between the rough forging heads. Working surface planes of rough forging device heads are parallel to the reference plane of the head, and two adjacent lateral planes arranged on two sides at a 135-170 ° angle.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and method to calibrate a clamp, such as a wire clamp, which is suitable for use with a wire-bonding machine for semiconductor devices. A contact means is arranged to be contacted by an arm of the clamping device and a sensing mechanism is positioned in operational relationship with the arm. An indexing means is adapted to change positions of the clamping device relative to the contact means incrementally as said arm maintains contact with the contact means. The sensing mechanism is capable of sensing feedback from said arm at various positions of the clamping device relative to the contact means. The apparatus is particularly suitable for measuring a clamping force and/or a clamping gap between clamping arms of the clamping device.

Abstract: A sheet material type detecting method for detecting a sheet material type has the steps of applying tension to at least a part of a sheet material, bounding an impact applying part on the part applied with the tension, a period detecting step of determining a period from a collision of the impact applying part with the sheet material to a specific state, and a sheet material identifying step of detecting a type of the sheet material based on the period.

Abstract: Gas chromatographs of the invention generally comprise four or more analysis channels. Specifically, four or more gas chromatography columns are configured for parallel analysis of four or more gaseous samples with detection being effected using a microdetector array comprising four or more microdetectors. In one embodiment, the four or more microdetectors 510 are microfabricated detectors, and are integrally formed with a substrate or with one or more microchip bodies mounted on a substrate. In a preferred embodiment, a microdetector array comprises four or more thermal conductivity detectors having one or more thin-film detection filaments. A preferred heated environment for highly parallel gas chromatographs is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for real-time measurement of mass, size and number of solid particles of particulate matter in engine exhaust has a catalytic stripper to remove at least about 90% of a volatile fraction of the particulate matter and pass at least about 95% of a solid fraction of the particulate matter, and a micro-dilution tunnel to cool the test medium after passing through the catalytic stripper and prior to passing through a particle sizer and counter system. A method embodying the present invention includes removing a volatile fraction of the particulate matter carried in a sample test stream and comparing the sample after removal of the volatile fraction with a second sample in which the volatile fraction has not been removed. The difference between the two samples represents liquid phase of the volatile fraction of the tested exhaust gas.

Abstract: A testing device for respirator products simulates breathing cycles with variable pressure rise. The device includes a fan (5) with a suction conduit (6) and with a pressure conduit (7). A reversing valve (10) is connected to the fan (5) and is designed to connect the pressure conduit (7) or the suction conduit (6) in terms of flow to the respirator product (2) in a predetermined time sequence in such a way that the particular free conduit is switched into the open position to the environment. A throttling element (11, 13) is located in the line section between the fan (5) and the respirator product (2) and which has a cross-sectional area that can be varied according to a preset manipulated variable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a leak indicator (1) comprising a housing (2) which houses components (3 to 6) of the indicator and a test leak (20), and to test leaks (20) that are suitable for integration into a leak indicator of the above-described kind.

Abstract: A leak detection and reporting system for detecting and reporting different types of leaks. Different alarms are activated in response to different types of leaks. The present invention includes a timing module and a water flow sensor. The timing module measures a standard fill time required to properly fill a reservoir. A lower time threshold and an upper time threshold are then calculated based upon the standard fill time. A first alarm may be activated if a subsequent fill time is below the lower time threshold to identify a small leak. Also, a second alarm may be activated if a subsequent fill time is above the upper time threshold to identify a larger leak.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for leak testing a lumened instrument, such as an endoscope, utilizes a compressor for pressurizing the interior of the lumened instrument to a predetermined internal pressure and a monitoring device which de-actuates the compressor when the internal pressure reaches the predetermined internal pressure. Calculator circuits calculate any difference in the instrument pressure between the moment that the compressor is de-actuated and the end of a prescribed period of time following the de-actuation of the compressor, and comparison circuits compare the pressure difference to an acceptable range of pressure differentials. A set of pass/fail indicator lights provide a visual indication of whether the compared difference is within or outside of the acceptable range so that an operator can tell by viewing the pass/fail indicator lights whether the instrument being tested has an unacceptable leak.

Abstract: A system for testing systems which are in turn used to test the leaktightness of a hollow body is suggested.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention generally provide methods, apparatus, and systems for determining void fractions of individual phase components of a multiphase mixture. The void fractions may be determined based on measured parameters of the mixture as a whole, such as differential pressure, bulk velocity of the mixture and speed of sound in the mixture. According to some embodiments, the mixture parameters may be measured using non-intrusive fiber optic based sensors. Various other parameters may also be derived from the void fractions, such as individual phase flow rates, liquid holdup and watercut parameters (for oil and gas mixtures).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the composition of a containerized material, typically a suspension, through which ultrasonic waves are passed. The component ratios and particle sizes of a stationary or flowing material are determined by measuring ultrasonic wave phase and attenuation changes at multiple frequencies and deriving shape features from curves of the phase or attenuation versus frequency. Preferably, the frequency range employed extends below and above the frequency of maximum attenuation of the expected mean particle size in a suspension. The material composition is derived from analysis of the shape features of the derived curves.

Abstract: A swing weight scale is presented that measures the swing weight of a golf club by measuring the torque exerted by the club about fixed balance point. The apparatus comprises an elongated torque arm pivotally mounted to a base. At one end of the torque arm a pair of rollers cradle the shaft of the golf club from underneath. At the other end of the torque arm a vertical stop provides a reference for locating the butt of the golf club shaft and provides the mounting surface for a second pair of rollers that cradle the upper surface of the shaft at the butt end. The rollers allow the golf club shaft to freely rotate about its longitudinal axis so that the golf club head will hang down freely. A torque sensor is mounted at the pivot point of the torque arm to measure the torque produced by the golf club as it is supported by the torque arm.

Abstract: A method of making a probe having a cantilever and a tip include providing a substrate having a surface and forming a tip extending substantially orthogonally from the surface. The method includes depositing an etch stop layer on the substrate, whereby the etch stop layer protects the tip during process. A silicon nitride layer is then deposited on the etch stop layer. An etch operation is used to release the cantilever and expose the etch stop layer protecting the tip. Preferably, the tip is silicon and the cantilever supporting the tip, preferably via the etch stop layer, is silicon nitride. A probe for a surface analysis instrument made according to the method includes a tip and a silicon nitride cantilever having a thickness defined during the deposition process.

Abstract: A gear position detecting system includes structure which facilitates mounting of the system, and minimizes direct contact of other objects with the system. The outer circumferential surface of a shift drum, turned by operation of a change pedal, is provided with lead grooves. Shift forks, engaged with the lead grooves, are moved in the left-right direction by turning of the shift drum, whereby shift gears are changed over, and a speed change desired by the rider is performed. A detection pin of a neutral safety switch, which is one of gear position sensors, is pushed in by a detection cam of a cam surface provided at the outer circumferential surface of the shift drum in the speed change operation position, whereby a neutral position is detected.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for operating an internal combustion engine including an actuating member in an air supply for adjusting an air mass to be supplied to the engine. In the method, a position of the actuating member is adapted to an instantaneous operating state by a short-time adaptation and a position of the actuating member is adapted by a long-time adaptation to compensate for longer term influences on the position of the actuating member. For a long-time adaptation, a long-time adaptation value is formed for the position of the actuating member in dependence upon a minimum short-time adaptation value for the position of the actuating member which was formed during the short-time adaptation. A leakage in the air supply is diagnosed in dependence upon the long-time adaptation value.

Abstract: After an internal combustion engine 1 has started to operate, a changing timing is detected at which a humidity represented by the output signal of a humidity sensor 23 disposed downstream of a hydrocarbon adsorbent 12 changes to a tendency to monotonously increase from a low humidity to a high humidity. Data representing a total amount of moisture carried by an exhaust gas emitted by the internal combustion engine 1 to the hydrocarbon adsorbent 12 up to the changing timing is acquired as a deterioration evaluating parameter. The deteriorated state of the hydrocarbon adsorbent is evaluated based on the deterioration evaluating parameter. The changing timing is detected as a timing at which the relative humidity represented by the output signal of the humidity sensor 23 has changed from a low humidity to a high humidity by a preset value. The preset value is variably set in order to compensate for characteristic changes of the humidity sensor 23 and variations of individual humidity sensors.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining viscosity and density of fluid from formations surrounding an earth borehole, including the following steps: (a) suspending a formation testing device in the borehole; (b) drawing formation fluid into the device; (c) causing the fluid to flow in a flow line under a first set of conditions; (d) causing the fluid to flow in the flow line under a second set of conditions; (e) measuring a first fluid pressure differential in the flow line during fluid flow under the first set of conditions, and measuring a second pressure differential in the flow line during fluid flow under the second set of conditions; and (f) determining density and viscosity of the fluid as a function of the first and second measured pressure differentials.

Abstract: A sensor for determining flow rate of a fluid includes a thermistor inserted into a volume through which the fluid flows. The thermistor cycles between its zero-power mode and its self-heated mode. In the zero-power mode, the thermistor is used to determine the ambient temperature of the fluid. In the self-heated mode, the thermistor is used to determine the amount of heat removed by the fluid. The ambient temperature of the fluid, the amount of heat removed by the fluid, and the thermal properties of the fluid are then utilized to determine the flow rate of the fluid.

Abstract: A flexure plate dual capacitance accelerometer system includes a flexure plate fixed having edges fixed to a housing structure. A first fixed plate is coupled to the housing structure a distance from one side of the flexure plate. A second fixed plate is coupled to the housing structure a distance from the other side of the flexure plate and disposed substantially parallel with the first fixed plate. The two fixed plates and the flexure plate form dual capacitors, one on each side of the flexure plate. The flexure plate flexes in response to acceleration, thereby altering the two distances and generating phase shift capacitance signals from the dual capacitors.

Abstract: A method for investigating structural integrity utilizes a carrier member having a flexible surface and a plurality of electromechanical transducer elements attached to the carrier member, the transducer elements being spaced from each other along at least two spatial dimensions. The method includes conforming the flexible surface to a solid structural member, so that a substantial portion of the flexible member is in effective wave-transmitting engagement with the structural member, thereafter transmitting pressure waves from at least one of the transducer elements into the structural member, receiving pressure waves reflected from an internal structural defect in the structural member in response to the pressure waves transmitted from the one of the transducer elements, and analyzing the received pressure waves so as to detect the structural defect.

Abstract: A device for the free-jet ultrasonic testing of a workpiece by the transmission technique includes a first test head, serving as an ultrasound transmitter, and a second test head, serving as an ultrasound receiver. The test heads are respectively disposed on a first robot and a second robot, in each case in a freely movable manner, with at least one degree of freedom, such that they are aligned coaxially in relation to each other and perpendicular to a surface of a workpiece. The robots are positioned such that they are fixed in place on a displaceable common carrier.

Abstract: A multi-axis vibration sensor with integral magnet optimizes sensor response in a non-permanently attachable package. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the apparatus includes a housing having a magnet, a multi-axis vibration sensor for sensing vibration along multiple machine axes, and conditioning circuitry disposed within the housing. The magnet enables the apparatus to be placed in sensory contact with the machine. The vibration sensor senses machine vibration along multiple machine axes when the apparatus is in sensory contact with the machine, and the conditioning circuitry optimizes the frequency response of the vibration sensor in a preferred embodiment by reducing the gain of the sensor output at resonance. The vibration sensor may be mounted directly to existing machine structure, such as the machine's outer casing. Two parallel feet facilitate stable mounting of the sensor to a curved surface.

Abstract: A load test machine includes a base block, at least a pair of posts rising from the base block, a cross head spanning between the pair of posts, and an actuator mounted on the base block or the cross head. The actuator is able to apply a load on a test piece positioned between the cross head and the base block. The cross head is secured to each of the posts via an elastic member, and the elastic member is constructed to be changeable in its jointing position with the cross head or with each of the posts to change a resonance frequency of the test machine.

Abstract: It is disclosed a method of detecting and quantifying subsurface defects (10) in an article (1) made of high strength non magnetisable materials after the use in a high temperature environment. A crack (8) or gap on a surface (7) of the article (1) is brazed and after the brazing operation the crack (8) or any remaining braze defect or subsurface crack (10) is detected and quantified by means of a multifrequency eddy current system.

Abstract: A load monitoring system for use with a load conveyor such as a lifting assembly of a forklift truck or other mobile load handler. The conveyor has a load support for supporting a load to be conveyed and a load-bearing chain or cable. A load transducer is attached to the load conveyor and generates an output signal representative of the load applied to the chain at any particular point in time. From the output signal the time during which the element has been used in a particular load range is determined as well as the remaining service life of the element. The load data may be collected and processed locally or may be transmitted to a remote computer or hand-held device for analysis. The mobile load handler may also have a data reader so that that it may be used in inventory management in which a plurality of loads each labelled with load identification data are moved between a plurality of storage zones each labelled with location identification data by the handler.

Abstract: A torque measuring device for a rotating body comprises: a rotary section composed of first and second flanges to be joined respectively to a driving shaft and a driven shaft, and a hollow cylinder having the first and second flanges formed respectively on both edges thereof; light emitting elements provided at an outer circumference of the rotary section and adapted to emit light according to an output from torque detectors provided at an inner circumference of the cylinder thereby generating an optical signal; a light receiving fiber to receive the optical signal from the light emitting elements; optical-electrical signal converters provided so as to face both end surfaces of the light receiving fiber, and adapted to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal; and a malfunction detector to detect malfunction of the light receiving fiber according to the electrical signal from the optical-electrical signal converter.

Abstract: The invention is a microfabricated silicon cantilever with a stiffness appropriate to resolve forces of interest in working with micro objects. Stiffnesses may range from about 10 piconewtons per micron of deflection, to about 1 millinewton per micron of deflection. There is a set of micro weights of appropriate masses that is used to calibrate the force gages. The weights are captive to a ring on a handle so that they are free to move, but will not get lost.

Abstract: In order to provide a turbine blade fatigue life evaluating method for quantitively evaluating the fatigue life of a turbine blade, the turbine blade is determined to be within its fatigue life if the creep elongation strain in the longitudinal direction of the turbine blade is less than 0.5% of an initial length, and is determined to exceed its fatigue life if the creep elongation strain is 0.5% or more than the initial length. A turbine blade creep elongation strain measuring apparatus 20 comprises a first fixed end 21, a second fixed end 22, and a dial gauge 24. A dimension in the longitudinal direction is stamped on the surface of a turbine blade.

Abstract: Variables such as injection pressure and injection velocity are detected at a predetermined sampling cycle for each molding cycle and the variables for a plurality of past molding cycles starting from the latest molding cycle are stored. Change patterns of the stored variables of the respective molding cycles are displayed in the form of graphs in which the first axis represents time (the number of times of sampling), the second axis represents the variable values, and the third axis represents the molding cycle.

Abstract: A device for checking the fitting of a threaded cap onto a container is associated with automatic cap-fitting apparatus, particularly of the carousel type, which includes a rotatable platform which can move at least one container about a principal axis of the apparatus and at least one screwing head for screwing a cap onto a respective container so as to close the container as a result of its movement about the principal axis. Each screwing head is arranged to screw a cap onto a container with a predetermined tightening torque.

Abstract: A support pole for raising and lowering a supported object between a lower position and an elevated position is disclosed. The support pole includes an elongate pole and a carriage mounted for translational movement up and down the pole. Carriage locks at the top of the pole engage the carriage in the elevated position to prevent vibration of the supported object, and a stabilizer frame within the channel minimizes vibration during carriage transport. One or more electrical conductors are fixed in place, extending through at least a portion of the pole, terminating in an electrical contact for releasable engagement with a cooperating electrical contact mounted to the carriage as the carriage is raised into the elevated position.

Abstract: A transmission for working machines having a drive transmission mechanism and a working transmission mechanism which are operated by swinging a shift lever is provided. The transmission has a drive shift member for connecting the shift lever to the drive transmission mechanism and a working shift member for connecting the shift lever to the working transmission mechanism. The shift lever has a first protrusion constantly engaging the drive shift member and a second protrusion arranged to engage with or disengage from the working shift member. When the first protrusion engages the drive shift member with the second protrusion not engaged with the working shift member, only the drive transmission mechanism operates. When the first protrusion engages the drive shift member with the second protrusion also engaging the working shift member, both the drive transmission mechanism and the working transmission mechanism operate.

Abstract: A transmission for a working machine including a drive transmission mechanism and a working transmission mechanism operated by swinging a shift lever is provided. The drive transmission mechanism has a key-sliding transmission mechanism axially mounted on a drive shaft. The key-sliding transmission mechanism causes a selected one of a plurality of gears rotatably mounted on the drive shaft and the drive shaft to rotate together to transmit power to drive wheels.

Abstract: A select lever device for an automatic transmission includes: a torque sensor to detect an input torque to a drive shaft of a select lever; a select position sensor to detect the stroke angle of the select lever; a characteristic data storing unit in which a mechanical load characteristic of the select lever is stored; and a control unit to which signals and data of these elements are inputted. Further, the control unit includes an electric motor to output to the select lever assist torque for assisting the operating force by a driver, the assist torque being controlled based on the input torque to the select lever, the stroke angle of the select lever, and the mechanical load characteristic of the select lever.

Abstract: A bicycle shift control device comprises a base member; an operating member structured to be mounted around a handlebar so as to rotate in first and second directions around the handlebar; a transmission control member coupled to the operating member and rotatably mounted relative to the base member for pulling and releasing a transmission control element; a first position setting member; a second position setting member structured to rotate with the operating member and to move axially, wherein the second position setting member moves between an engagement position in which the second position setting member engages the first position setting member and a disengagement position in which the second position setting member is disengaged from the first position setting member; a first coupling member that moves in response to rotation of the operating member; a second coupling member coupled to the second position setting member for engaging the first coupling member so that rotation of the operating member cau

Abstract: A device is provided for adjusting a connecting piece (6) mounted rotatably by means of a mounting device (5). The connecting piece is particularly part of a pedal mechanism of a motor vehicle coupled with a transmission unit (7) for transmitting the movement of the connecting piece (6). An adjusting mechanism (4) is provided for adjusting the position of the connecting piece (6). A locking unit prevents the unintentional adjustment of the connecting piece (6). The mounting device (5) comprises a bearing shell (3) and a baseplate (1). The bearing shell (3) is movably connected to the baseplate (1) arranged stationarily at the vehicle. The bearing shell (3) can be moved along the baseplate (1) upon the loosening of the locking unit such that the position of the transmission unit (7) coupled with the connecting piece (6) remains unchanged during the adjustment of the connecting piece (6) mounted in the mounting means (5), so that the adjusting mechanism (4) is integrated within the mounting device (5).

Abstract: An automobile accelerator and brake pedal device, which is a brake pedal device comprising a vertically operable brake pedal having an auxiliary pad connected thereto, a transversely operable accelerator pad disposed in the auxiliary pad, and acceleration mechanism driven by the accelerator pad, wherein the accelerator pad is in the form of a plate-like member and chevroned with the intermediate portion bulging outward, the acceleration mechanism being operated by the slope surface of the chevron. Even if the brake pedal (1) is stepped on with the accelerator in its active position, this stepping-on action necessarily causes the accelerator pad (9) to move forward together with the auxiliary pad (3), thereby immediately bringing the accelerator lever (10) back to its original inactive position without any time delay involved as when a different pedal is stepped on, putting off the accelerator, and enabling the brake function to act normally.

Abstract: A transfer case is provided and includes a first output shaft driven by a powertrain and operably interconnected with a first pair of wheels, a second output shaft selectively driven by the first output shaft and operably interconnected with a second pair of wheels and a transfer gear assembly operably disposed between the first output shaft and the second output shaft for transferring drive torque from the first output shaft to the second output shaft. The transfer gear assembly includes a first transfer gear in selective drive connection with the first output shaft, a second transfer gear in meshed engagement with the first transfer gear, a third transfer gear in drive connection with the second transfer gear and the second output shaft. A clutch pack is operably disposed between the first output shaft and the first transfer gear for selectively establishing drive connection therebetween.

Abstract: Copper metal powders, methods for producing copper metal powders and products incorporating the powders. The copper metal powders have a small particle size, narrow size distribution and a spherical morphology. The method includes forming the metal particles in a continuous manner.

Abstract: Solution methods for producing nanoscale powders are disclosed. Continuous processes for producing nanoscale powders in high volume and low cost are taught. These methods can be employed to produce any inorganic or organic nanoscale composition.

Abstract: A fastener feeding device may include a housing that is securable to a power tool, a glider assembly that is slidably coupled to the housing, a depth control nose slidably coupled to the glider assembly and the housing, and a locking member pivotally coupled to the glider. The locking member may include a mounting sleeve coupleable to a power tool for providing a quick release connection of the feeding device to the power tool. A depth stop may be coupled to the mounting sleeve and may be engageable with a depth stop adjusting ring to adjust a depth to which a fastener driven by the system is driven relative to a surface of a workpiece. A depth control locking member may be pivotally coupled to the glider assembly for adjusting the depth nose control nose with respect to the glider assembly. An extension may be connectable between the power tool and the feeding device.

Abstract: A reversible ratchet-type wrench includes a handle and a head extended from the handle and having a hole. A web is defined between the handle and the head, and a cavity is defined in the web and communicated with the hole. The web further includes a compartment having a first end communicated with the cavity and a second end communicated with outside, thereby leaving a bridge in the web. A drive member is rotatably mounted in the hole of the head. A pawl is mounted in the cavity and includes a first side with ratchet teeth for releasably engaging with teeth on an outer periphery of the drive member. A switch member includes a turn-piece for manual operation and an actuating plate extended from the turn-piece and rotatably received in the second end of the compartment of the head. The switch member is switchable between two positions for changing ratcheting direction of the drive member.

Abstract: A ratchet tool includes a head with a hole so as to receive an engaging ring therein. A first opening and a second opening are respectively defined in two sides of the head. A first stepped portion and a second stepped portion are respectively defined in an inside of a periphery of the first opening and the second opening. Two necks respectively extend from two opposite ends of the engaging ring. An outer diameter of the necks is smaller than an outer diameter of the teeth on the engaging ring which is engaged with a pawl in the head. One of the necks has a flange extending outward from a distal edge thereof so as to define a groove between an end of the teeth and the flange. The two necks are engaged with the two stepped portions. A C-shaped clamp is engaged with the groove and the stepped portion corresponding thereto.

Abstract: A ratchet tool includes a head and an engaging ring is rotatably received therein. The head has a first opening and a second opening respectively defined in two sides of the head. A first stepped portion and a second stepped portion are respectively defined in an inside of a periphery of the first opening and the second opening. The engaging ring has two necks respectively extend from two opposite ends of the engaging ring and one of the necks has a flange extending outward from a distal edge thereof so as to define a groove between an end of the teeth and the flange. The second stepped portion has an inclined inside so that a C-shaped clamp is easily engaged with the groove and the second stepped portion via the inclined inside.