Abstract: An improved reclocker circuit and router cell are provided that are particularly useful when configured into a router matrix comprising a plurality of interconnected router cells. The improved reclocker circuit includes an integral N-to-1 multiplexer (MUX), wherein N is at least three. The improved router cell includes the reclocker/MUX circuit, a switch, and a fan-out circuit. A plurality of ports are coupled to the router cell circuitry, including an input port, an output port, a plurality of expansion input ports, and a plurality of expansion output ports. The improved router cell couples either the input port or one the expansion input ports to its output port, and it also couples the input port to each of the expansion output ports. By using the improved router cells in the design of a router matrix, jitter induced by the reclocker circuits is minimized.

Abstract: Switch network for connecting one of N input ports and one of T output ports, the network comprising an arrangement of switches. Each switch comprises at least one first terminal (E1, for example), to which a first port of a first type (an input port, for example) is connected, a second terminal (S2, for example), to which a second port of a second type (output, in this example) is connected, and a contact bridge (24) provided with an actuation device and which on command makes a connection between said first and second terminals. This network comprises a plurality of network terminals each constituting at least one first terminal (E1) for a first switch (E1, 22, S3) and one first terminal for a second switch (E1, 21, S1).

Abstract: A mechanism conveys information pertaining to transmission priority (TP) levels of inbound packets transmitted over a heterogeneous network from a switching node to a hybrid node of the network. The mechanism comprises a packet-recognizing filter having a format that is generated by the hybrid node and dynamically transmitted to the switching node over a predefined communication channel of the network. The filter enables the switching node to classify the inbound packets and assign them appropriate TP levels.

Abstract: A system, device, and method for reducing the number of multicast routes maintained in a multicast routing information base aggregates a group of multicast routes and installs a single policy route for the group of multicast routes. The policy route is utilized as a default multicast route when no more-specific multicast route is available for one of the aggregated multicast routes. The policy routes are collected and distributed by a bootstrap device, preferably using a special bootstrap message.

Abstract: A method for building a hierarchical multicast tree which is centered around a specific node in an Internet Protocol (IP) communications network. The method on a subnetwork comprising dynamically electing a subnetwork leader node for each subnetwork using multicast communications confined to the subnetwork. Receiving a configuration file containing a list of all the network addresses of the nodes in a network. Receiving a number of permissible connections each subnetwork leader node in the network is permitted with other subnetwork leader nodes. And establishing a multicast connection between each subnetwork leader node as identified in the configuration file so that there is a multicast connection path from each subnetwork leader node for each subnetwork and a subnetwork containing a network leader node. In another embodiment, a system and computer readable medium is disclosed to carry out the above method.

Abstract: The per-node delay for transfer of a datagram that is segmented into datagram segments is reduced by a header compression based segmentation and link layer switching. For each datagram segment, the segmentation header includes a unique segmentation context identifier (CID). Based on the segmentation CID, the datagram segments are forwarded between intervening nodes of source and destination, without being reassembled at each node. The segmented data gram is reassembled at the destination node based on sequence numbers assigned to the datagram segments during segmentation.

Abstract: A content-addressable memory is comprised of processing logic and selector logic. The processing logic receives a first selector including packet header information from the packet processing circuitry. The processing logic transfers the first selector to the selector logic. The processing logic generates additional selectors and transfers the additional selectors to the selector logic. The selector logic receives and processes selectors for matches and provides results corresponding to the matches. The processing logic receives the results from the selector logic and transfers at least some of the results that point to packet processing context structures to the packet processing circuitry.

Abstract: A subscriber-line-terminating apparatus for dynamically allocating band portions to a plurality of terminal apparatuses includes an in-buffer-information-amount receiving unit for receiving an in-buffer-information amount from each of the terminal apparatuses; an insufficient-band-computing unit for computing an insufficient band portion required by each of the terminal apparatuses; an in-buffer-information-amount-proportional-band-allocating unit for allocating a band portion corresponding to the in-buffer-information amount to each of the terminal apparatuses and a past-use-band-allocating unit for allocating a past-use band part to each of the terminal apparatuses as a past-use band portion based on a first past-use band variable of the terminal apparatus.

Abstract: User traffic of one type must traverse many diverse networks, each operating by different paradigms and requiring different protocol stacks, before it reaches the destination. MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) is being developed to solve some of the problems which involve the existence of different protocols along the traffic path. There is currently no accepted way of transporting ATM cells over an MPLS domain. New ways of packetizing ATM cells into labeled MPLS packets for transporting over an MPLS domain are described.

Abstract: The interworking of voice information in ATM cells is presently provided according to the standardizations of the ITU in the AAL1 adaption method. Specific properties of the voice information are taken into consideration therein. For interworking and transmission of other information data, further adaption methods such as, for example, the AAL5 method are provided. Here, the specific conditions of voice transmissions are not taken into consideration. In order to be able to implement the interworking and transmission of voice information according to the AAL5 standard as well, the AAL5 header is now inventively co-linked into the AAL5 information part of an ATM cell.

Abstract: There is no common clock between two system over an asynchronous interface, such as an asynchronous network or bus. The rate of data transmission of constant bit rate data from one system can be considered constant when averaged over time. A receive system can synchronize its system clock by using timing information derived by counting received packets over a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for processing a call within a communication network having a packet switched protocol based cellular telephone network comprising a first layer for transferring signalling information assigned to a telephone call being processed by the communication network, a second layer for transferring payload information assigned to the telephone call and interface means for coupling the cellular telephone network to a further network the interface means comprising payload information exchange function between the cellular telephone network and the further network, wherein the second layer of the cellular telephone network transfers the payload information of the telephone call to and from the interface means on a direct route assigned to the telephone call within the second layer

Abstract: A method and system for non-blocking processing of data frames and link-control frames within an interface controller component of a fiber channel node. Separate FIFO queues are provided for queuing incoming FC data frames and ACK frames and a separate FIFO queue and list are provided for queuing outgoing FC data frames and buffering outgoing ACK frames. An outbound sequence manager component of the interface controller directly processes incoming ACK frames, transforming them into end-to-end credits that allow the outbound sequence manager to transmit additional FC data frames to the remote node that sent the processed ACK frame. Thus, processing of ACK frames, unlike in prior art interface controller implementations, is neither delayed nor blocked by previously received, but as yet unprocessed, FC data frames.

Abstract: A priority selector includes buffers receiving control information relating to data to be transmitted through a data switching apparatus (each buffer is arranged to store control information having a respective one of a predetermined number of priority levels and arranged to deliver an overflow signal when contents reach a first predetermined level), storage storing digital priority symbols representative of different priority levels denoted by control information received by the buffers, a random number generator generating a succession of numbers each of which selects a corresponding priority symbol from the storage, a gate responsive to the receipt of the overflow signal from any one of the buffers to change the priority symbol generated by the storage to that designating the buffer giving rise to the overflow signal to change the priority symbol generated by the storage, and a selector responsive to the gate output to select a buffer output.

Abstract: A terminal receives one or more input frames comprising one or more logical channels and may generate one or more output frames including the data received in the logical channels. Each logical channel is dispersed throughout the input frame in one or more timeslots, and each logical channel has an associated buffer. The data of each logical channel received from the timeslot(s) of the input frame(s) is stored in the corresponding buffer. The terminal uses channel sequencing for round-robin scheduling to transfer the data of the received logical channels, if present, in each buffer to one or more output frames. Channel sequencing may apply round-robin scheduling of service of buffers in ascending or descending order of non-empty buffers, accounting for newly filled buffers. Channel sequencing generates a binary word, termed a channels service request (CSR) word, with each bit of the CSR word corresponding to a buffer and indicating whether the buffer requests service.

Abstract: The cell switching architecture of the present invention uses at least one earliest deadline first (EDF) queue for each of the output ports in a cell switch so that no two output ports have a common earliest-deadline-first queue. Cells are arranged in each EDF queue according to deadline, but each EDF queue only contains cells for a single destination output port. Each input port also has an input queue with an EDF queue for each of the output ports, and each EDF queue arranges the cells for a single output port. Many equivalent cells may be represented by a single EDF queue entry, enabling large buffer capacity to be supported by small EDF queues. The architecture provides a method for switching cells between a plurality of input ports and a plurality of output ports. Cells are accepted from input ports into a plurality of corresponding input queues. Cells are sorted into groups according to the destination output port such that each group includes cells destined for a single output port.

Abstract: Existing (already installed) plain old telephone service (POTS) wiring at a customer premises is used as the wiring infrastructure for a local area network and additionally continues to provide ordinary POTS services at the customer premises. The network signals associated with the local area network and the POTS signals delivering POTS services coexist on the POTS wiring at the customer premises using frequency division multiplexing. In additional to POTS service, the subscriber loop also provides access to xDSL (digital subscriber line) signals associated with a wide area network (WAN). Thus three distinct networks (the PSTN associated with POTS, xDSL and the LAN) coexist on a single wiring infrastructure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the receiver directed assignment of receive slots in a dynamic assignment communication system. The apparatus including a memory component storing communication assignment data for a plurality of time slots in a time multiplex structure and a processor component capable of identifying a set of available time slots from the plurality of time slots. The apparatus being capable of assigning itself a receive slot, which can be a broadcast receive slot, from the set of available time slots. The method involves establishing a network wherein network communication is accomplished via assignment of specific time slots of a time multiplex structure. The method further involves determining a set of available time slots suitable for reception, by a receiving node, of a communication from a neighboring node, the receiving node then assigning to itself a receive slot from the set of available time slots.

Abstract: A multichannel, mixed mode cable modem termination system receiver capable of receiving multiple channels of digital data transmitted on one or more hybrid fiber coaxial cable systems, each the channels being either single mode or mixed-mode. Mixed mode channels are time division multiplexed and have overlapping bandwidth and each sub-channel of a mixed mode channel can have a different center frequency, symbol rate and/or multiplexing type. The receiver is comprised of a plurality of analog front end circuits coupled to the various HFC systems, each selective coupled to any one of a plurality of digital front end receivers. Control circuitry controls these circuits to receive multiple mixed-mode or single mode channels, simultaneously if necessary. An arbiter decides which bursts get processed first in a back end shared demodulator which recovers the data from each burst.

Abstract: A network communication system is provided whereby communication stations can obtain priority for data transmission to communicate directly with each other in a contention-free mode communication period independently of a polling operation of the control station. The control station emits a series of beacons at equal intervals to initiate contention-free mode communication at the completion of a predetermined number of beacons. During the maximum contention-free mode communication period a contention-free communication operation is initiated, for allowing contention-free mode transmission, by a polling operation by the control station. A series of time-slots is imaginarily provided at equal intervals from the start of the contention-free period throughout the maximum contention-free period. A communication station conducts a call-connection procedure in order to obtain a priority for data transmission in a given set of time-slots.

Abstract: The present invention provides a medium access control (MAC) protocol for the collision-free transmission of packets into a channel, such that nodes are assigned time slots for collision-free transmission based on the knowledge that they acquire regarding the constituency of their local neighborhoods and the advertisements of the time slots when nodes in local neighborhoods will attempt to transmit again. The scheduling procedure may utilize an age of the network together with the unique identifiers of nodes. The candidate transmission times for each node are determined using a list of the subsequent transmission times advertised by other nodes. The node discards the advertised transmission times from the list of potential transmission times, and computes its candidate transmission times using a function that provides a varying (pseudorandom) distribution of outputs for a varying sample of inputs. This function ay be a hash function, an encryption function, or a table lookup function.

Abstract: A polling period controlling apparatus capable of polling with a period traceable temporal variations of management information values of a managed unit is provided with a polling period calculator 5 which decomposes a sequence of management information values, stored in the sequence memory 4, into the sum of sinusoids with different frequencies to find the maximum frequency and determines the polling period from an inverse of two times the largest frequency. A central controller 2 then compares between the required bandwidth specified by the polling period and a network management bandwidth and, when the former is smaller than the latter, obtains the management information value from the managed unit 11 using the polling period. When the former is greater, the central controller 2 obtains the management information value using the polling period determined from the network management bandwidth.

Abstract: A system and method for providing dynamic switching functionality in an access network which supports only static switching. Dynamic switching is used to provide connections between a local digital switch and subscribers of the access network wherein the subscribers are connected to remote terminals which only support a static switching protocol. A dynamic switching subsystem is coupled to the local digital switch via a first communication link and coupled to the remote terminals using one or more second communication links. The remote terminals provide nailed up connections between the network terminations of the second communications links coupled to the remote terminals and the subscriber terminations connected to the subscribers. The dynamic switching subsystem provides dynamic switching between network terminations of the first communication link and network terminations of the second communication link.

Abstract: A transport stream (TS) is recorded and the recorded TS is reproduced simultaneously. An input PID parser extracts the first packet only to be recorded, the second packet to be recorded and to be used for controlling, and the third packet to be used only for controlling from among the TS packet that constitutes the TS supplied from a descrambler. The first and second packets are supplied to a receiver and supplied to a hard disk drive (HDD) for recording. The second and third packets are supplied to an MUX. On the other hand, the TS packet stored in the HDD is read out and supplied to the MUX by way of an output PID parser. The MUX multiplexes the second or third packet supplied from the input PID parser and the TS packet read out from the HDD, and supplies the multiplexed packet to a CPU that controls a descrambler or the like.

Abstract: Method and device for transmitting data packets from an input stream of data packets into an output stream of packets. When a plurality of transport streams is multiplexed, packet jitter may be introduced to such an extent that decoder buffers can overflow or underflow. This is avoided by associating a time window with a data packet and accommodating position information in the packet about the position of the data packet within the window.

Abstract: The present invention provides a packet transfer system for use in an ATM network, which can realize a high-speed packet transfer by implementing a packet transfer process by hardware and also can enhance the throughput of the packet transfer process implemented by software.

Abstract: A method for transporting and aligning data across a set of serial data streams. The method includes creating a predetermined number of data streams from a first data stream. The first data stream has a first predetermined bit width and each data stream of the predetermined number of data streams has a second predetermined bit width smaller than the first predetermined bit width. In addition, the method includes inserting an alignment pattern in each of the predetermined number of smaller data streams. The predetermined number of smaller data streams are combinable into a data stream having the first predetermined bit width based on the alignment pattern. The method also includes preparing the predetermined number of smaller data streams for transmission. An apparatus for performing the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer program products for averaging measured levels from differing intervals and differing code points based on their proximity with other measured levels are provided. Such proximity averaging may be provided by methods, systems and computer program products for averaging measured levels of code point sequences from a plurality of frame intervals in the presence of robbed-bit signaling by comparing a first measured level of a first code point from a first of the plurality of frame intervals and a measured level of a second code point from the plurality of frame intervals so as to provide a first comparison result. The measured level of the second code point is incorporated into an average of the measured levels for the first code point from the plurality of frame intervals based on the first comparison result and a threshold value.

Abstract: Circuitry for a node of an optical communication network is configured to mux (i.e., combine) one or more incoming customer signals for transmission as a single outgoing optical signal and to demux (i.e., split) an incoming optical signal into one or more outgoing customer signals, where the muxing and demuxing clocks are selected from one or more customer clocks recovered from the one or more customer signals, an input clock recovered from the incoming optical signal, and a local clock generated by a local clock generator. When configured for an add/drop configuration, the circuitry selects (1) the muxing clock from the one or more customer clocks, the input clock, and the local clock and (2) the demuxing clock from the input clock and the local clock. When configured for a drop/continue configuration, the circuitry is configured to select both the muxing and demuxing clocks from either the first input clock or the local clock.

Abstract: The data multiplexing device includes a header information memory storing header information, ES buffers holding encoded data of a plurality of media, an output buffer holding packetized data, and a transfer controlling unit controlling a transfer of the header information stored in the header information memory and the encoded data held in the ES buffers and writing into the output buffer as the packetized data. The transfer controlling unit can generate the packetized data simply by controlling the transfer of the header information stored in the header information memory and the encoded data held in the ES buffers, whereby the media multiplexing can be readily achieved.

Abstract: The protection of data against illicit transfer with respect to specific data can be ensured. An integrated receiver decoder determines whether or not ATRAC (Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding) data requiring authentication is contained in selected piece-of-music data in accordance with determination data added into transmitted data. When ATRAC data requiring authentication is contained, the integrated receiver decoder performs an authentication process between it and a storage which is a transfer destination of the ATRAC data, and performs downloading of the ATRAC data after confirming that the storage is a valid apparatus to which the downloading may be performed.

Abstract: A laser package comprises a laser diode source having a first Fabry-Perot cavity between a highly reflective back facet and low reflective front facet for providing a first light output for an optical application. A light monitor is positioned adjacent to the back facet and aligned to receive a second light output from the laser diode back facet. A pigtail fiber having a lensed fiber input end is positioned from the laser diode front facet to form an optical coupling region and is aligned relative to the lasing cavity to receive the first light output into the fiber, the light output exiting the package for coupling to the application. A portion of the first light output from the lasing cavity is reflected off the lensed fiber input end with a portion directed back into the lasing cavity and another portion reflected off of the laser diode front facet.

Abstract: An optical filter, including a Bragg grating, is compression tuned such that when under one compressional load (or no load) the grating has a first profile and under a second compressional load the grating has a second profile. One application is to allow the grating filter function to be parked optically between channels of a WDM or DWDM optical system.

Abstract: According to the present invention, laser performance is improved by appropriately matching the spectral periods of various etalons within the laser cavity. A first embodiment of the invention is a discretely tunable external cavity semiconductor laser where a grid fixing etalon is present in the laser cavity, the grid fixing etalon free spectral range (FSR) is a whole number multiple of the laser cavity FSR, and the grid fixing etalon FSR is a whole number multiple of the chip etalon FSR. A second embodiment of the invention is a fixed wavelength external cavity semiconductor laser where the chip etalon FSR is a whole number multiple of the laser cavity FSR, and a mode suppressing etalon is inserted into the laser cavity such that the mode suppressing etalon FSR is a whole number multiple of the chip etalon FSR. A third embodiment of the invention is a tunable external cavity semiconductor laser where the chip etalon FSR is a whole number multiple of the laser cavity FSR.

Abstract: A frequency modulated laser comprises a laser cavity in which the gain section of the laser cavity is imbedded within a phase modulation section of the cavity. The laser cavity further comprises electrically-sensitive material, so that an electric field applied across the laser cavity changes the index of refraction within the laser cavity according to the magnitude of the change in the electric field. Uniformly and simultaneously changing the index of refraction along the laser cavity length modulates the frequency of the laser light produced within the laser cavity. The upper bound of the frequency modulation is limited by the propagation time for the electric field to cross the laser cavity.

Abstract: A laser package comprises a laser diode source having a first Fabry-Perot cavity between a highly reflective back facet and low reflective front facet for providing a first light output for an optical application. A light monitor is positioned adjacent to the back facet and aligned to receive a second light output from the laser diode back facet. A pigtail fiber having a lensed fiber input end is positioned from the laser diode front facet to form an optical coupling region and is aligned relative to the lasing cavity to receive the first light output into the fiber, the light output exiting the package for coupling to the application. A portion of the first light output from the lasing cavity is reflected off the lensed fiber input end with a portion directed back into the lasing cavity and another portion reflected off of the laser diode front facet.

Abstract: An auto laser power control circuit is provided which improves the response of the optical output level of a laser diode in accordance with variations in the operation mode. In an auto laser power control circuit for comparing a voltage corresponding to the optical output from the laser diode which emits a light in accordance with a supplied driving current with a reference voltage, and controlling the driving current so as to reduce the difference at the time of the steady operation, by controlling a switch connected between the input and output terminals of an operational unit which compares the voltage corresponding to the optical output from the laser diode and the reference voltage, the driving current to the laser diode is controlled with a smaller time constant upon the start such as a transition of from a read operation mode to a write operation mode as compared with the time of the steady operation.

Abstract: One optical base is provided on each side of a housing that houses a laser oscillator. Optical parts of an optical resonator are fixed to the optical bases. The optical bases are fixed to each other, independently from the housing, by supporting rods. A plate spring and two dampers fix the respective optical base to respective end of the housing. The plate spring bends in the direction of the laser beam when the housing deforms. The damper attenuates oscillation generated due to the displacement of the housing.

Abstract: An optical transceiver and method therefore provides a cooled laser diode configured to run in either a low power mode or a standard mode. A method for a thermo-electric cooler includes coupling the thermo-electric cooler to a laser diode, operating the thermo-electric cooler in one of a low power mode and a standard mode, and switching between the low power mode and the standard mode. The laser diode is configured to transmit signals in the low power mode and the standard mode. The low power mode maintains the laser diode at a temperature within a predetermined range of temperatures. The standard mode maintains the laser diode at a temperature that corresponds to a predetermined wavelength of light output from the laser diode. In one embodiment, the low power mode is a Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) mode and the standard mode is a Dense Wavelength Divison Multipexing (DWDM) mode.

Abstract: A cooled mirror device for laser systems or the like, comprising a main mirror body and a mirror cover rigidly connected to the main mirror body, wherein the main mirror body and/or the mirror cover have a cooling device, wherein the mirror cover is made from an aluminum material, and coated with copper or another reflection-enhancing material to form a reflection-enhancing mirror surface.

Abstract: The laser beam dump is positioned in a housing. An absorbing glass plate means is operatively connected to the housing. A heat sync means for extracting heat from the absorbing glass plate means is operatively connected to the housing and operatively connected to the absorbing glass plate means.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatuses and methods for measurement and control of a laser in a passive optical network. In particular, prior to receiving a transmission grant, the laser is pre-driven at a current below a predetermined threshold to “pre-charge” the laser. Also, during the zero level measurement interval, the laser is driven at a non-zero level and the required zero level current is calculated.

Abstract: The laser driver circuit includes an array of differential pairs 50 and 52. Each one of the differential pairs is coupled to a corresponding tail current source 67 and 69. The total modulation current for the laser driver circuit is developed as the sum of the output current from the array of differential pairs 50 and 52. Each of the tail current sources 67 and 69 generates a subrange of the total range of modulation current. The tail current in a given differential pair will then only vary over a small subrange of the total modulation current range, and the device size in each pair may be optimized to keep the emitter current density near the level that gives optimum bandwidth. This is equivalent to electrically increasing the emitter area of the composite differential pair as the total modulation current is increased, keeping current density approximately constant at its optimal level.

Abstract: A driver circuit for an opto-electrical transmitter includes a digital feedback loop. A counter in the feedback loop maintains a count that controls a bias current output to the opto-electrical transmitter. A first fault activation circuit in the driver activates a fault signal that disables the driver when the count causes an overflow or underflow. The overflow/underflow can correspond to the input range of an ADC that converts the count into an analog signal to an output amplifier or to the range of the counter. A second fault activation signal times the duration of any periods during which a digital parameter of the driver is outside a target range. The digital parameter can be e a measured monitor current or the count that controls the output amplifier.

Abstract: Heat diffusion preventing film is formed on the cleavage plane of a semiconductor laser, and thin film comprising a low melting point material, such as indium, is formed on top on the heat diffusion preventing film. When irradiated by the laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser and heated, the irradiated area of the thin film changes in state from crystalline to amorphous and forms a small light transmitting area. Near field light passes through this light transmitting area. The near field light generating device of the present invention uses a simple construction as described above, and complex adjustment is not required. In addition, problems such as laser oscillation failure do not occur.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser for emitting evanescent light that has a laser beam-emitting facet including a light-emitting region is constituted to comprise a three-dimensional feature portion formed on the laser beam-emitting end facet, a light-shielding film covering at least the light-emitting region, and a small opening for emitting the evanescent light formed in the light-shielding film at a location to have a prescribed positional relationship with the three-dimensional feature portion. The presence of the three-dimensional feature portion enables the small opening to be formed precisely with respect to the light-emitting region by a simple operation.

Abstract: An excimer or molecular fluorine laser system includes a laser chamber filled with a gas mixture at least including a halogen-containing species and a buffer gas, multiple electrodes, including a pair of main discharge electrodes and at least one preionization electrode, within the laser chamber and connected to a discharge circuit for energizing the gas mixture, and a resonator including a line-narrowing and/or selection module for generating a laser beam at high spectral purity.

Abstract: The invention in question relates to a laser arrangement (1). The device includes the means (2, 4) to steer the laser beam across a reflecting body (3). The body (3) is arranged to reflect the said laser beam so that it is aimed in a surrounding space within an area that, from an instrument plane (11) of the reflecting body (3), covers at least a part of a circular revolution, as well as an angle interval approximately ±60° to the instrument plane. The device is characterized in that its steering means (2, 4) is arranged in the path of the laser beam between the laser (1) and the reflecting body (3), and is arranged to steer the laser beam, within the area, in accordance with a pre-selected direction, whereby the steering means comprises a spatial light modulator (2), whose phase-shift pattern determines the modulated angle from the modulator.

Abstract: An integrated semiconductor laser device capable of emitting light of selected wavelengths includes multiple ring lasers of different cavity lengths coupled in series or in parallel to a common output to produce an output beam having a wavelength corresponding to the selected ring lasers.

Abstract: (FCSSL) “Folded Cavity Solid-State Laser” comprising a waveguide (35) having at least one total internal reflecting prism (35A) constructed from ion-implanted laser-active material defining a folded cavity, wherein augmentation of intra-cavity produced photonic-radiation occurs during its redirection (42A) from a longitudinal propagation (42B) into a transverse propagation (42C) and back into a longitudinal propagation (42E) within the waveguide (35), an active-region (37) defining a gain-medium that provides stimulated-emission of the spontaneous-emission provided by an electrically pumped active-area (37B), a dichroic-mirror (39) providing feedback and the semi-reflected output of photonic radiation that further defines a vertical cavity.