Abstract: A method of making an arginine silicate-containing complex and its use in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and as a dietary supplement are claimed. The arginine silicate complex is synthesized by combining arginine, potassium silicate and inositol.

Abstract: A3 agonists, methods of using such A3 agonists and pharmaceutical compositions containing such A3 agonists. The A3 agonists are useful for the reduction of tissue damage resulting from tissue ischemia or hypoxia.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cellulose acetate satisfying at least one requirement selected from the following requirements (A), (B) and (C), provided that the case where (B) alone is satisfied is excluded. Requirement (A): Bright spotty matters in sizes of 20 &mgr;m or more are not more than 20 units/mm3. Requirement (B): Blocking constant (K) is not more than 60. Requirement (C): The ratio (G′/G″) of storage modulus (G′) to loss modulus (G″) at a measuring frequency of 0.016 Hz is not more than 0.2.

Abstract: The present invention provides a starch that includes at least one glucose polymer having greater than 4% alpha 1-6 glycosidic linkages. The present invention further provides a starch hydrolyzate that includes at least one glucose oligomer having greater than 4% alpha 1-6 glycosidic linkages. The starch and starch hydrolyzate present invention have improved aqueous solution stability and are less likely to retrograde than are solutions of unbranched linear starches or starch hydrolyzates.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of an N-substituted cephalosporanic acid compound of general formula (I), wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of adipyl (1,4-dicarboxybutane), succinyl, glutaryl, adipyl, pimelyl, suberyl, 2-carboxyethyithio)acetyl, 3-carboxyethylthio)propionyl, higher alkyl saturated and higher alkyl unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, from a complex mixture comprising in addition to the compound of general formula (I) 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) and optionally one or more N-substituted penicillanic acid compounds, comprising the steps of: (a) acidifying the complex mixture to a pH below 6.5 and maintaining the mixture below said pH at a temperature of between 10° C. and 150° C.; and/or (b) contacting the complex mixture with a carbon dioxide source; and (c) recovering the cephalosporanic acid compound of formula (I) from the mixture obtained after steps (a) and/or (b).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparation of 7-amino-3-[2-(furylcarbonyl)thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (I) by the condensation of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (II) with furyl-2-carbonylthiol (III) in the presence of borontrifluoride or its complex, in an organic solvent or mixture of solvents at 0-50° C.

Abstract: This invention discloses a rubbery polymer which is comprised of repeat units that are derived from (1) at least one conjugated diolefin monomer, and (2) at least one functionalized monomer having of the structural formula: wherein R represents an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, and wherein R1 and R2 can be the same or different and represent hydrogen atoms or a moiety selected from the group consisting of wherein R3 groups can be the same or different and represent alkyl groups containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, aryl groups, allyl groups, and alkyloxy groups of the structural formula —(CH2)y—O—(CH2)z—CH3, wherein Z represents a nitrogen containing heterocyclic compound, wherein R4 represents a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, aryl groups, and allyl groups, and wherein n, x, y and z represents integers from 1 to about 10, with the

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof in which: R0 is halogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxy substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, or O(CH2)nNR4R5; R1 and R2 are independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyl substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6hydroxyalkyl, SC1-6alkyl, C(O)H, C(O)C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkylsulphonyl, C1-6alkoxy substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, O(CH2)nCO2C1-6alkyl, O(CH2)nSC1-6alkyl, (CH2)nNR4R5, (CH2)nSC1-6alkyl or C(O)NR4R5; with the proviso that when R0 is at the 4-position and is halogen, at least one of R1 and R2 is C1-6alkylsulphonyl, C1-6alkoxy substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, O(CH2)nCO2C1-6alkyl, O(CH2)nSC1-6alkyl, (CH2)nNR4R5 or (CH2)nSC1-6alkyl, C(O)NR4R5; R3 is C1-6alkyl or NH2; R4 and R5 are independently selected from H, or C1-6alkyl or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 4-8 membered saturated ring; and

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of both the phenyl pyrazine derivative 2,6-diamino-3-(2,3,5-trichlorophenyl)pyrazine and an intermediate in the synthesis of 2,6-diamino-3-(2,3,5-trichlorophenyl)pyrazine, 2-{[Cyano-(2,3,5-trichlorophenyl)-methyl]-amino}-acetamidine or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A method for producing 1-[(substituted phenyl)phenylmethyl]piperazines useful as intermediates for pharmaceuticals and the like, more particularly, for example, to an intermediate for the production of antiallergic pharmaceuticals. A 4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazine compound of formula (1): wherein X denotes a chlorine atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group or a C1-C3 alkoxy group, and an optical isomer present therein.

Abstract: With the help of X-ray structural analyses of drug-resistant HIV proteases and molecular modeling, a new type of inhibitor with a small P3 residue has been developed. These inhibitors are effective against HIV and its drug-resistant mutants, as well as FIV. Modification of existing HIV protease inhibitors effective against the wild type and drug-resistant mutants and further supports that FIV protease is a useful model for drug-resistant HIV proteases, which often are developed through reduction in size of the binging region for the P3 group or the combined P3 and P1 groups.

Abstract: Chemical intermediates which are of use in the production of quinolone carboxylic acid derivatives having antibacterial activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved and industrially advantageous process for the preparation of N-(5-methylnicotinoyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine of Formula I, as shown in the accompanied drawings. This compound is a key intermediate for the synthesis of rupatadine, a potent dual antagonist of histamine and platelet-activating factor (PAF).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a quinolone antibiotic intermediate having the formula: wherein R is C1-C2 alkyl, C1-C2 fluoroalkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, methoxy, chloro, or bromo; R1 is a unit selected from the group consisting of C1-C2 alkyl, C2-C3 alkenyl, C3-C5 cycloalkyl, and phenyl, each of which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms; said process comprising the step of cyclizing an admixture of quinolone precursors, said admixture comprising a 2-ethoxy substituted intermediate having the formula: in the presence of a silylating agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the compounds 6-[4-(N-methyl-3-azetidinoxy)-5-ethyl-2-methoxy-phenyl]-pyridin-2-ylamine, 6-[4-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)-5-ethyl-2-methoxy-phenyl]-pyridin-2-ylamine, 6-[4-(N-methylaminomethyl)-5-ethyl-2-methoxy-phenyl]-pyridin-2-ylamine and 6-[4-(3-azetidinoxy)-5-ethyl-2-methoxy-phenyl]-pyridin-2-ylamine, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and to the use of such compounds in the treatment and prevention of central nervous system and other disorders.

Abstract: The present invention provides indolinospiropyran compounds and methods for their manufacture, which compounds are useful as photochromic compounds. The compounds of the invention are substituted on the indole ring with succinimide, which substitution permits ring opening of the succinimide and modulation of the bulk and photochromic properties of the compounds. The compounds may be conveniently prepared using the solid phase organic synthesis of the invention.

Abstract: A synthesis method which comprises reacting NH group-containing compounds with thiocyanates, cyanamides, nitrites or esters in the presence of a silylating agent to synthesize the corresponding nitrogen-containing addition or substitution products. This method not only enables the direct and efficient synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds including isothioureas, guanidines, amidines and amides, but it also has a wide range of applications and is suitable for large-scale synthesis.

Abstract: In a process for preparing maleic anhydride by heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons having at least four carbon atoms using oxygen-containing gases in the presence of a volatile phosphorus compound over a catalyst comprising vanadium, phosphorus and oxygen in a shell-and-tube reactor unit having at least two successive cooled reaction zones, the temperature of the first reaction zone is from 350 to 450° C. and the temperature of the second and further reaction zones is from 350 to 480° C. and the temperature difference between the hottest reaction zone and the coolest reaction zone is at least 2° C.

Abstract: Highly reactive, stable tetramanganese-oxo cubane complexes, their synthesis and their use as a functional catalyst for in vitro O2 production. Preferred complexes are i) a tetramanganese-oxo cubane complex having the formula L6Mn4O4, wherein Mn4O4, is a cubane core and L6 are six facially-capping bidentate ligands bridging between the Mn atoms; ii) a manganese-oxo-pyramid complex having the formula L6Mn4O3, wherein Mn4O3, is a pyramidal core and L6 are six bidentate ligands bridging between the Mn atoms; and iii) a manganese-oxo-butterfly complex having the formula L6Mn4O2 or L5Mn4O2, wherein Mn4O2, is a butterfly core and L6 or L5 are six or five bidentate ligands bridging between the Mn atoms. Preferred ligands are carboxylate, phosphinate or diphenylphosphinate ligands. These catalysts may be used for the oxidation of water to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide and may also be used to catalyze the oxidation of chloride and simple chloride compounds to chlorine gas.

Abstract: A method of increasing the fluorous nature of a compound includes the step of reacting the compound with at least one second compound having the formula: wherein Rf is a fluorous group and m is 0, 1 or 2.

Abstract: A method comprises reacting a compound of the general formula R14−mMOR3m wherein m is an integer from 2 to 4, OR3 is an alkoxy group, and M is an element selected from group 14 of the periodic table; with a compound of the general formula R2X2+Mg, wherein X2 is Br or I; where R1 and R2 are independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkynyl, or epoxy, and wherein at least one of R1 and R2 is partially or fully fluorinated; so as to make a compound of the general formula R2R14−mMOR3m−1; followed by reacting R2R14−mMOR3m−1 with a halogen or halogen compound in order to replace one or more OR3 groups with a halogen group so as to form R2R14−mMOR3m−1−nXn, where X is a halogen and n is from 1 to 3 and m<n—except where R1 is fluorinated phenyl, M is Si and OR3 is ethoxy.

Abstract: An efficient method is disclosed for the preparation of trifluoromethyl- and difluoromethylsilanes using magnesium metal mediated reductive tri- and difluoromethylation of chlorosilanes with tri- and difluoromethyl sulfides, sulfoxides, and sulfones. One byproduct of the process is diphenyl disulfide. Since phenyl trifluoromethyl sulfone, sulfoxide and sulfide are readily prepared from readily available trifluoromethane and diphenyl disulfide, the method can be considered “pseudo-catalytic” for the preparation of (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane from environmentally benign trifluoromethane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of alk(en)ylphosphoric ester salts which comprises reacting the alk(en)ylphosphoric esters in the form of their melts with a base. Advantageously, the alk(en)ylphosphoric esters do not need to be dissolved in a solvent prior to neutralization.

Abstract: A caged non-steroidal ecdysome memetic (NSE) compound and a method for producing free NSE by subjecting the charged NSE to UV irradiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel diphenylmethane derivatives, processes for their preparation and their use in medicaments, in particular for the indications of arteriosclerosis and hypercholesterolaemia.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of compounds of the Formula (I) for treating different types and symptoms of acute and chronic pain, especially non neuropathic inflammatory pain in mammals. The pain to be treated may be e.g. chronic inflammatory pain, rheumatoid arthritis pain and/or secondary inflammatory osteoarthritic pain. The compounds show an antinociceptive profile and differ from classical analgesics like opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and are useful as specific analgesics.

Abstract: Isocyanates are produced in the gas phase in a manner such that temperature fluctuations over time and temperature distribution asymmetry are prevented. In this improved process, performance of the reaction in tubular reactors is accomplished by flow-related measures such as homogenization and centering of the educt streams. The formation of polymeric secondary products, which result in baked-on deposits in the reactor and a reduction in reactor service life, is consequently prevented.

Abstract: A process for the purification of toluenediisocyanate by fractionating a crude distillation feed containing toluenediisocyante, an organic solvent and less than 2% by weight of phosgene in a heat integrated system having an upstream distillation column, an interchanger and a downstream distillation column which are connected in series. The vapor which is recovered from the upstream distillation column is used to reboil the bottoms product of the downstream distillation column or the feed to the downstream distillation column in the interchanger. The crude distillation feed comprising less than 2% by weight of phosgene is fractionated into three product fractions P1-P3 and optionally a fourth fraction P4. P1 is a noncondensible gas stream enriched with phosgene and/or low-boilers. P2 is a solvent-enriched product. P3 is a high boiler enriched bottoms product comprising toluenediisocyanate, and P4 is a toluenediisocyanate enriched stream lean in highboilers and reaction residues.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which is useful for the treatment of conditions associated with glutamate hypofunction, such as psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of pure non-ionic contrast agents. The invention also includes a method for purifying the non-ionic contrast agents.

Abstract: Peptidomimetic compositions for selective inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.

Abstract: 3,3-Dimethylbutanal is prepared from 3,3-dimethylbutanol. Intermediate 3,3-dimethylbutanol is obtained by reacting ethylene, isopropylene and a mineral acid to produce a 3,3-dimethylbutyl ester which is hydrolyzed to the alcohol. The hydrolysis step is effectively carried out by reactive distillation. Alternatively, 3,3-dimethylbutanal is prepared from 3,3-dimethylbutanol obtained by reduction of the corresponding carboxylic acid or 1,2-epoxy-3,3-dimethylbutane, or by hydrolysis of 1-halo-3,3-dimethylbutane. Fixed bed gas phase and stirred tank liquid phase processes are provided for converting 3,3-dimethylbutanol to 3,3-dimethylbutanal by catalytic dehydrogenation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process whereby fluorinated ketones of various structures can be produced by short process steps and which is useful as an industrial production process.

Abstract: A process is provided for the purification of 4,4′-(9-fluorenylidene)diallylphenol. With an inclusion-compound-forming solvent which contains an inclusion-compound-forming compound capable of forming an inclusion compound with 4,4′-(9-fluorenylidene)diallylphenol, crude 4,4′-(9-fluorenylidene)diallylphenol is dissolved to form the inclusion compound in the form of a solution. The inclusion compound is then caused to deposit, for example, by charging the solution of the inclusion compound into a poor solvent for the inclusion compound, for example, an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent such as n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing &agr;-phenylethyl alcohol, which comprises supplying a raw material containing acetophenone into a reactor and hydrogenating acetophenone in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein the concentrations of organic acids and sulfur-containing acids in the raw material containing acetophenone are 1 &mgr;mol/g or less and 0.5 &mgr;mol/g or less, respectively.

Abstract: A new method for preparing lithium phosphate catalysts is disclosed. The method comprises precipitating a lithium phosphate from a mixture comprising a first aqueous solution which contains lithium and sodium ions and a second aqueous solution which contains phosphate and borate ions. The resultant lithium phosphate catalyst has increased activity and selectivity in the isomerization of an alkylene oxide to the corresponding allylic alcohol.

Abstract: The invention relates to an additive for improving the cold-flow properties of crude and distillate oils, where the additive is obtainable by extraction of crude oil with supercritical gas.

Abstract: A process for the disproportionation of toluene over a mordenite catalyst with a feedstock of a lower than normal toluene content and having a significant content of non-aromatic hydrocarbons, having from 6-8 carbon atoms. A toluene feedstock and a hydrogen co-feed are supplied to reaction zone containing a mordenite disproportionation catalyst. The feedstock has a toluene content of 80-90 wt. % and a C6-C8 non-aromatic content of 10-20 wt. %. The reaction zone is at temperature and pressure effective to cause a disproportionation of the toluene to benzene and xylene with the concomitant cracking of the non-aromatic hydrocarbons to lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. A product stream comprising toluene, benzene, xylene and C2-C4 aliphatic hydrocarbons is recovered from the reaction zone. The mordenite catalyst is promoted with a metal such as nickel, palladium or platinum to enhance the hydrogenation activity of the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing polypropylene from olefins selectively produced from a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream is disclosed herein. The naphtha stream is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions which include temperatures from about 500° C. to 650° C. and a hydrocarbon partial pressure from about 10 to 40 psia. The catalyst may be pre-coked with a carbonaceous feed. Alternatively, the carbonaceous feed used to coke the catalyst may be co-fed with the naphtha feed.

Abstract: An open-celled polyurethane foam formed from a composition comprising an active hydrogen-containing component, an organic polyisocyanate component having an average isocyanate functionality of 2.00 to 2.25, a surfactant component, and a catalyst. The foam has a thickness of about 6 to about 20 mils; a density of about 10 to about 50 pcf; an average cell diameter of about 25 to about 80 microns; and cell openings having an average diameter of about 1 to about 25 microns, wherein the ratio of average cell diameter to average cell opening diameter is about 3 to about 10; a water vapor transmission rate of greater than about 1000 grams per square meter per day, and which do not leak water or similar fluids. Such foams find particular utility as backings for bandages.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method for maintaining or improving skin health by repeatedly applying lotion-treated absorbent articles to a wearer. When applied with sufficient frequency, the skin in the area covered by lotion-treated absorbent articles shows equal or improved skin health, relative to skin covered by untreated absorbent articles that do not comprise a skin care composition. The present invention also relates to methods for assessing skin health in the area covered by an absorbent article.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods of making cytoplasmic male sterile chicory plants by identifying a diagnostic 347 bp fragment of the orf 522 of Helianthus annuus.

Abstract: The invention provides isolated cellulose synthase nucleic acids and their encoded proteins. The present invention provides methods and compositions relating to altering cellulose synthase concentration and/or composition of plants. The invention further provides recombinant expression cassettes, host cells, and transgenic plants.

Abstract: This invention relates to a reproducible system for the production of stable, genetically transformed maize cells, and to methods of selecting cells that have been transformed. One method of selection disclosed employs the Streptomyces bar gene introduced by microprojectile bombardment into embryogenic maize cells which were grown in suspension cultures, followed by exposure to the herbicide bialaphos. The methods of achieving stable transformation disclosed herein include tissue culture methods and media, methods for the bombardment of recipient cells with the desired transforming DNA, and methods of growing fertile plants from the transformed cells. This invention also relates to the transformed cells and seeds and to the fertile plants grown from the transformed cells and to their pollen.

Abstract: There is provided a gene encoding a protein that has an activity of regulating the pH of vacuoles, for example a gene derived from morning glory encoding a protein that has the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2. By introducing this gene into a plant, the flower color can be regulated via the control of the pH of vacuoles.

Abstract: The methods and materials disclosed herein are directed to glyphosate herbicide tolerance in plants. In particular, the isolation of a glyphosate resistant EPSP synthase coding sequence from Eleusine indica. The coding sequence is useful to genetically engineer plants for tolerance to glyphosate herbicide.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of soybean variety AP98041-2-333 breeding and development. The present invention particularly relates to the soybean variety AP98041-2-333 and its progeny, and methods of making AP98041-2-333.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of soybean variety S02-AP98041-2-262-02 breeding and development. The present invention particularly relates to the soybean variety S02-AP98041-2-262-02 and its progeny, and methods of making S0-AP98041-2-262-02.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of soybean variety S02-AP98041-2-333-01 breeding and development. The present invention particularly relates to the soybean variety S02-AP98041-2-333-01 and its progeny, and methods of making S02-AP98041-2-333-01.

Abstract: A novel soybean cultivar, designated 0332148, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 0332148, to the plants of soybean 0332148 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing the cultivar 0332148 with itself or another soybean variety. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar 0332148 with another soybean cultivar.