Abstract: A method of forming high definition elements for electrical and electronic devices, substrates, and other components from or including viscous material. The method includes inverting the electrical components after the viscous material is applied and maintaining the inverted orientation until the viscous material dries or cures enough to maintain definition of its perimeter and edge characteristics.

Abstract: A wiring substrate includes a solid layer formed on the core substrate to partially cover the same. At least one resin dielectric layer is formed on the solid layer and the core substrate while a plurality of pads are formed on the resin dielectric layer and are exposed at the main surface of the wiring substrate. First pads are located within a region above the solid layer and second pads located outside of that region. First top-flattened solder bumps are formed on the first pads and second top-flattened solder bumps are formed on the second pads. The bumps all include a top face of the same diameter.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided that reduces the number of external power terminals. The device is intended for a flip-chip type BGA (ball grid array) package. On the surface of the packet substrate are a plurality of output circuits each outputting a signal formed by an internal circuit, a first voltage supply electrode which supplies an operating voltage to the internal circuit and a plurality of second voltage supply electrodes which supply operating voltages to the output circuits. On the back surface of the package substrate are external terminals and a plurality of wiring layers.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for forming a hardmask including the steps of depositing a polymeric preceramic precursor film atop a substrate; converting the polymeric preceramic precursor film into at least one ceramic layer, where the ceramic layer has a composition of SivNwCxOyHz where 0.1≦v≦0.9, 0≦w≦0.5, 0.05≦x≦0.9, 0≦y≦0.5, 0.05≦z≦0.8 for v+w+x+y+z=1; forming a patterned photoresist atop the ceramic layer; patterning the ceramic layer to expose regions of the underlying substrate, where a remaining region of the underlying substrate is protected by the patterned ceramic layer; and etching the exposed region of the underlying substrate. Another aspect of the present invention is a buried etch stop layer having a composition of SivNwCxOyHz where 0.05<v<0.8, 0<w<0.9, 0.05<x<0.8, 0<y<0.8, 0.05<z<0.8 for v+w+x+y+z=1.

Abstract: A lithographic method of forming submicron polysilicon features on a semiconductor substrate, including the steps of coating said substrate with an anti-reflective coating (ARC) comprising two layers having matched indices of refraction (n) and extinction coefficient (k) selected to reduce reflection to less than 1% with 193 nm wavelength exposure. The ARC is subsequently patterned to serve as an etch hardmask. Preferably the ARC mask consists of a first layer of between 300 and 1500 angstroms of silicon rich silicon nitride having an extinction coefficient of from 0.77 to 1.07, and a second layer of between 170 and 320 angstroms of silicon oxynitride having an extinction coefficient of about 0.32.

Abstract: A reinforced semiconductor interconnect structure, having the following components: (1) A first metal interconnect disposed in a first material, the first metal interconnect having a line portion and at least one via portion, an anode section and a cathode section, the via portion of the first metal interconnect located in the anode section, the line portion of the first metal interconnect having a top, bottom and terminus side, wherein at least a part of the bottom side of the line portion of the first metal interconnect in contact with the first dielectric; and (2) a first reinforcement disposed in the first material, the first reinforcement in contact with at least the bottom side of the first metal interconnect, the first reinforcement comprising a second material, the second material being electrically nonconductive; and wherein the second material has a greater mechanical rigidity than the first material.

Abstract: An integrated type semiconductor device that is capable of reducing cost or improving the reliability of connecting semiconductor chips together or chips to a circuit board. One embodiment of such an integrated type semiconductor device comprises a first semiconductor device (10) having a semiconductor chip (12) with electrodes (16), a stress-relieving layer (14) prepared on the semiconductor chip (12), a wire (18) formed across the electrodes (16) and the stress-relieving layer (14), and solder balls (19) formed on the wire (18) over the stress-relieving layer (14); and a bare chip (20) as a second semiconductor device to be electrically connected to the first semiconductor device (10).

Abstract: A semiconductor package provided with an interconnection layer including an interconnection pattern and pad formed on an insulating substrate or insulating layer, a protective layer covering the interconnection layer except at the portion of the pad and the insulating substrate or insulating layer, and an external connection terminal bonded with the pad exposed from the protective layer, the pad to which the external connection terminal is bonded being comprised of a plurality of pad segments, sufficient space being opened for passing an interconnection between pad segments, and the pad segments being comprised of at least one pad segment connected to an interconnection and other pad segments not connected to interconnections.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a semiconductor die has a source bond pad and a destination bond pad attached to a top surface of the semiconductor die. A stud bump is situated on the destination bond pad. A bonding wire is then ball bonded to the source bond pad and thereafter stitch bonded to the stud bump on the destination bond pad. The bonding wire acts as an off-chip inductor or a portion of an off-chip inductor. In one embodiment a number of bonding-wires and on chip conductors are used to form an off-chip inductor. The inductance of the off-chip inductor can be adjusted or fine-tuned by adjusting a loop height of the one or more bonding wires used in the off-chip inductor. The inductance of the invention's off-chip inductor can also be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of bonding wires used to form the off-chip inductor.

Abstract: A wiring substrate has a semiconductor chip mounting surface. The semiconductor chip mounting surface is provided with a plurality of partially overlapping chip mounting areas capable of mounting a plurality of types of semiconductor chips with different chip sizes. A plurality of groups of conductive pads is formed on the wiring substrate corresponding to the semiconductor chips mountable on the respective chip mounting areas. Any one of the mountable semiconductor chips is mounted on any one of the chip mounting areas. A plurality of conductive pads on the semiconductor chip mounted on one chip mounting area is electrically connected to one of the groups of conductive pads.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a semiconductor element, a heat sink soldered to one surface of the semiconductor element, and a heat sink soldered to an opposite surface of the semiconductor element. The semiconductor element is provided with a wiring layer. The wiring layer is covered with an insulating protective film. The protective film is an organic film. The thickness of the wiring layer and that of the protective film are assumed to be t1 and t2, respectively. The wiring layer and the protective film are formed so as to establish a relationship of t1<t2. An elastic modulus of the protective film at room temperature is adjusted to 1.0-5.0 GPa and a thermal expansion coefficient of the protective film is adjusted to 35-65×10−6/° C. Even under a thermal stress the semiconductor device can diminish a short-circuit defect of the wiring layer.

Abstract: An alignment mark structure for use upon a semiconductor substrate is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, the alignment mark structure includes a plurality of segments arranged in an alignment pattern, with each of the plurality of segments being formed from a base pattern created on the substrate. The base pattern includes a plurality of sizes, wherein each of the plurality of sizes of the base pattern is repeated throughout an entire length of each of the plurality of segments.

Abstract: A microelectronic contact structure, e.g., a contact structure for a capacitor electrode of a DRAM, comprises a first dielectric layer on a substrate, a conductive region disposed on a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer on the first dielectric layer and contacting the conductive region at a sidewall of the conductive region, and an etch-stopping dielectric region disposed on the conductive region and having a sidewall in contact with the second dielectric layer. The etch-stopping dielectric region extends laterally beyond the sidewall of the conductive region and has an etching selectivity with respect to the second dielectric layer. A third dielectric layer is disposed on the second dielectric layer and etch-stopping dielectric region. A conductive plug extends through the third dielectric layer and along the sidewall of the etch-stopping dielectric region.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for generating energy, and in particular electrical energy, using fluid supported bodies, each disposed in one of a plurality of chambers filled with a fluid. The fluid, which issues from a fluid source, has a density which is greater than the body so that the bodies are all buoyant, and therefore float, in the fluid. A rotatable shaft is supported above the chambers, with each of said bodies being coupled to the shaft through a clutch mechanism for driving the shaft in rotation. An electrical energy-generating device may be coupled to the shaft for generating electrical energy when the shaft rotates. Conduits interconnect the chambers with the fluid source, and fluid level sensors and valve means communicating with the conduit means and the chambers for regulating ingress and egress of fluid from the chambers. The fluid in each of the chambers is selectively evacuated whenever the body in the respective chamber has been lifted to a preselected height within the chamber.

Abstract: Synchronous machines have long been known in many different forms. In operation as a generator and also in operation as a motor, in the situation of a short-circuit, for example a short-circuit at connecting terminals or also within the stator winding, such synchronous machines produce very high short-circuit torques. In that respect, those very high short-circuit torque peaks can reach values of up to six to eight times the rated torque of the synchronous machine. Therefore, consideration must also be given to the very rare short-circuit situation and the concomitant occurrence of a very high short-circuit torque, in regard to the mechanical construction of the synchronous machine.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for reducing overheating in a passenger compartment of a parked vehicle. The device has a temperature sensor, a temperature comparator, and a control system in electrical communication with the comparator for controlling the actuation and operation of an existing air conditioner fan within the vehicle. The control system incorporates a power supply management arrangement designed to draw energy in pulses from a battery unit of the vehicle to energize the motor when the temperature in the passenger compartment exceeds a predetermined level, and to cease drawing energy when the temperature falls below the predetermined level.

Abstract: A device for controlling firing circuits for restraining devices, a processor and a safety IC for controlling the restraining devices being connectable to the firing circuit control, and the firing circuit control having blocking inputs and blocking registers for the blocking of groups of connectable firing circuits; the processor setting the blocking registers after switching-on (of the device) and logically linking the firing circuit control data of the blocking inputs and the blocking registers with one another, so as to block individual groups of firing circuits. Thus it is especially possible individually to block firing circuits for air bags in dependence upon the degree of occupancy and the classification of the occupants in a vehicle. Setting the blocking inputs and the blocking registers takes place shortly after switching-on (of the device), after function tests of the IC's have been conducted.

Abstract: A lock system includes a lock unit (11) having a catch (13) and a memory (15). A key unit (21) has an aerial (25) for receiving location determining signals. The lock and key units establish a communications link (33) to release the catch (13) only when the location is a location stored in the memory (15). The lock system may be used to secure vehicles (1).

Abstract: A holder coil spring is located between an inner surface of a bottom of a case main body and a bottom outer surface of a shutter holder. A shutter coil spring is located between a bottom inner surface of the shutter holder and a shutter. In each sidewall of the shutter holder, a tactile feedback piece and a locking piece are provided. The tactile feedback piece holds the shutter holder at the case main body. The locking piece locks an electronic key in the shutter holder. Even if an object other than the electronic key (for example, a finger) is inserted in the slot, the object is not locked in the shutter holder. When the object other than the electronic key is pulled out of the slot, the shutter holder and the shutter return to original positions to close the slot. Therefore, when no object is inserted, the slot of the slot mechanism is reliably closed with the shutter.

Abstract: A wireless controller is provided with at least two power supplies. The internal components of the controller are classified into at least two groups in accordance with the degrees of functional importance or the power consumptions of the components. The power supplies separately supply electric power to the respective groups of the components. Thus, the power supply to components with high degrees of functional importance or low power consumptions is ensured for a long time.

Abstract: A system may be provided to perform multiple power conversion operations. The system may include a transformer interconnected between a high voltage DC bus and a low voltage DC bus, and an AC load connected to the transformer through an AC power supply line. The system may be configured to simultaneously provide power from the low voltage DC bus to the high voltage DC bus and the AC load, through the transformer. Further, the system may also be configured to simultaneously provide power from the high voltage DC bus to the low voltage DC bus and the AC load, through the transformer. And, the system may be configured to simultaneously provide power from a shore power source to the AC load, and, to the low voltage DC bus and high voltage DC bus through the transformer.

Abstract: A UPS system for providing backup power to a load includes: a power input; multiple batteries; multiple battery housings, each containing one of the batteries, the batteries being coupled in parallel; multiple battery-monitor processors, each monitor being disposed in a respective one of the battery housings and coupled to the corresponding battery; a UPS processor coupled, and configured, to receive monitor data from the plurality of battery-monitor processors; a UPS-processor housing containing the UPS processor and being displaced from the battery housings; and a power output coupled and configured to selectively provide power from one of the power input and the batteries.

Abstract: A parallel redundant power system and a method for control the same, wherein the power system is composed by UPS modules with outputs coupled in parallel to supply power to a load through a bus. The control method employs the P−&ohgr; and Q−V slope lines of the droop method to perform phase locking and current sharing. Moreover, the method further utilizes the internal impedance of the UPS in accompaniment with a current shift method to simulate an actual inductor being coupled to the output of the UPS module so as to satisfy the droop method. Therefore, the drawbacks otherwise caused from actual inductors such as the large size and heave weight are eliminated.

Abstract: A sharp control voltage switch utilizing a plurality of field effect transistors (FETs) and a bypass resistance topology to sharpen the control voltage. Utilizing a total of six FETs allows the switch to operate at a low control voltage without the need to increase device periphery or die size. Feed-forward capacitors connected between the gate and source of an uppermost FET and the gate and drain of a lowermost FET are used to reduce signal distortion and improve the linearity and harmonic noise rejection characteristics of the FETs within the switch and thus lower the harmonics of the switch.

Abstract: A path module for a linear motor system includes a controller coupled to one or more amplifiers that are operative to control associated windings in the module. The controller receives control information via a communications link. The controller controls the amplifier based on the received control information so as to selectively energize the associated windings in the module. In one aspect, a plurality of such modules may be connected together to form a path along which one or more stages are moveable according to energization of the windings in the path.

Abstract: A magnet assembly includes a back iron and an array of magnets. The back iron is in the form of a plate having opposed surfaces. The magnets are arranged along one of the surfaces, with the other surface being dimensioned and configured according to the magnetic field distribution associated with the magnets. The back iron geometry provides for reduced mass, reduced leakage flux, and high flux densities to improve performance of a linear motor that employs such a magnet assembly.

Abstract: An alignment device (10) for indicating alignment between two component parts, the first component part (12) having an arcuate track (14) with a track following member in the form of a ball bearing (28) to follow the track under the influence of gravity to seek an equilibrium position. The body having a signal input (18) and a signal output port (20) and the second component part comprising an alignment member axially mounted within the body in restraining engagement with the track following member (28) so as to be rotationally displaceable within the body in response to displacement of the member 28, whereby alignment between the alignment member and the input and output ports in response to displacement of the alignment member by the ball bearing, effects operation of an indicator means to provide an indication that such alignment between the alignment member and the alignment ports has been achieved.

Abstract: A rotor for a synchronous machine is disclosed that comprises a rotor core having a rotor axis, and a pair of super-conducting coil windings mounted on the rotor core, each of said coil windings in a respective plane that is parallel to and offset from the rotor axis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mechanical encoder device for use in a miniature motor, which encoder can provide, for each revolution of the motor, a plurality of pulses whose duty ratio does not change with time. A rotary contact portion 12 is provided on a rotor shaft 1, and a pair of rotation-detecting brushes 14 in sliding contact with the rotary contact portion 12 are provided on a brush holder 29 of an end cap 6. A plurality of rotary contact pieces 13 are arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the rotary contact portion 12 such that slits are formed therebetween. The paired rotation-detecting brushes 14 are each formed of a resilient metal and each assume the shape of a cantilever plate or wire spring whose side surface portion is subjected to sliding contact.

Abstract: An electromechanical actuator has at least one electromagnet, an armature and a resetting device. A connector is provided, with at least one contact element, which is electro-conductively connected to the coil of the electromagnet, and which is disposed in such a way that, at least during the assembly to the actuator onto a support, it can be electrically contacted by an assembly contacting element.

Abstract: A unit plate, which holds electric circuit components including power supply terminals, is secured to a housing cover, which is, in turn, connected to a housing to close an opening of the housing. The housing cover includes guide walls, which extend in a direction generally parallel to a fitting direction of an external connector to guide the unit plate in such a manner that a second end of each power supply terminal held by the unit plate is received in a connector housing part of the housing cover, which is connected with the external connector, at time of installing the unit plate to the housing cover. The unit plate includes a rotation support arrangement, which rotatably supports a rotator. The electric circuit components also include stationary contact members, each of which includes a contact section that is slidably engageable with a movable contact of the rotor.

Abstract: The bearing housing of an electrical generator is isolated from the interior of the generator enclosure by forming a cavity in the generator end wall with a seal between the generator end wall and the rotor. By sealing the bearing housing from the interior of the enclosure, the bearing housing is subject entirely to ambient pressure while the interior of the generator is subject to high vacuum pressure for cooling purposes. This isolation minimizes or eliminates potential for oil leakage into the interior of the generator previously caused by exposure on one side of the bearing housing to high vacuum pressure within the generator enclosure and the opposite side to the ambient pressure. This isolation system also eliminates the need for a high suction pressure vapor extractor and enables a conventional vapor extractor associated with the lubrication oil system to remove oil vapors from the bearing housing.

Abstract: A stator according to the invention has an elastoplastic element, which is disposed between the winding and the pole cog and which secures the winding firmly to the pole cog, thus preventing vibrations.

Abstract: The electric motor with permanent-magnet excitation has a stator (1), a rotor (7) supported inside the stator and adjacent permanent magnets (8, 9, 10, 11) of opposite polarity arranged next to each other on a rotor surface facing the stator. The rotor (7) has cavities (16, 17, 18, 19) arranged within a rotor interior and indentations (12, 13, 14, 15) in the rotor surface, which are arranged so that radially oriented magnetic flux lines are not interrupted by the cavities and indentations, but magnetic flux lines oriented tangentially to the rotor surface are interrupted by the cavities and indentations so that a magnetic short circuit is formed. These indentations and cavities reduce the rotor heat capacity so that a layer of a magnetic material that forms the permanent magnets (8, 9, 10, 11) can be sprayed onto the rotor surface.

Abstract: An electrical machine comprises a magnetically permeable ring-shaped core centered on an axis of rotation and having two axially-opposite sides. Coils are wound toroidally about the core and disposed sequentially along the circumferential direction. Each coil includes two side legs extending radially alongside respectively sides of the core. Coil-free spaces exist between adjacent side legs. A bracket has first and second side flanges that are connected by a bridging structure and respectively abut the first and second sides of the coil.

Abstract: The permanent magnet type reluctance electric motor includes a stator including a stator iron core and having armature coils placed inside slots, and a rotor provided with a plurality of magnetic barriers formed by cavities and placed on an inner side of the stator such that sections where a magnetic flux can easily pass (d-axis) and sections where a magnetic flux cannot easily pass (q-axis) are alternately formed, and made of a rotor iron core having permanent magnets in cavities. The rotor satisfies a relationship of PL/2&pgr;RWqave≧130, where Wqave [m] indicates an average thickness of the rotor iron core on an outer side in a radial direction of the rotor with respect to cavities arranged in a q-axis direction, L [m]; a width in a circumferential direction of the cavities, P; the number of poles and R [m]; the radius of the rotor.

Abstract: An electrical machine stator core and method for reducing electromagnetic losses and the consequent heating of the core. The stator core makes use of laminations made from an iron-aluminum alloy at the core-ends of the core, while laminations between the core-ends are formed of a ferromagnetic alloy different from the iron-aluminum alloy. Use of iron-aluminum alloy laminations at the core-ends makes possible a relatively simple technique for generator uprate, by removing laminations located at the core-ends of the stator core, and then installing replacement laminations formed of the iron-aluminum alloy at the core-end, again with the result that the laminations located at the core-ends are formed of an Fe—Al alloy that is different from the alloy of the laminations between the core ends.

Abstract: A unitary amorphous metal magnetic component for an axial flux electric machine such as a motor or generator is formed from a spirally wound annular cylinder of ferromagnetic amorphous metal strips. The cylinder is adhesively bonded and provided with a plurality of slots formed in one of the annular faces of the cylinder and extending from the inner diameter to the outer diameter of the cylinder. The component is preferably employed in constructing a high efficiency, axial flux electric motor. When operated at an excitation frequency “f” to a peak induction level Bmax the unitary amorphous metal magnetic component has a core-loss less than “L” wherein L is given by the formula L=0.0074 f (Bmax)1.3+0.000282 f1.5 (Bmax)2.4, the core loss, excitation frequency and peak induction level being measured in watts per kilogram, hertz, and teslas, respectively.

Abstract: An armature includes a rotary shaft, a core, and a coupling member. The core is formed by using magnetic metal powder and has a tooth. A wire is wound about the tooth. The coupling member has a ductility that is higher than the ductility of the core. The coupling member is located between the core and the rotary shaft. The rotary shaft is press fitted in the coupling member, and the coupling member is press fitted in the core.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a magnet motor, and having being provided the driven power of the electromagnet motor for electric vehicles, wherein, it has provided with a wireless coil whole rotator, which the upper part has been constructed with an equal angle, a power perpetual magnet is provided. At least one set of a magnet pole coil is formed into an electromagnet pole module and a circuit control unit. Using the perpetual magnet and the less electricity consumption of an electric magnet pole generates the repelling torque, accomplishing the object of the turning rotator to generate power. Either it is coupled with a simple or a complex structure; it can apply to be the driven motor of a bicycle, a motorcycle and a car. Moreover, it can greatly reduce the consumption of the vehicle battery electricity, and make it to be an environmental protection and practical vehicle means.

Abstract: Heat energy is converted into mechanical energy through the mobilization of electrical charges within a thermoelectric material. A plurality of plugs of thermoelectric material are mounted on a rotor. Heat energy is directed to one end of each of the plugs. The heat energy mobilizes free charges in the plugs which collect at the relatively cooler end, thereby electrically polarizing the plugs. A pulsed electromagnetic force field acts upon the polarized plugs to exert a torque on the rotor.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor including a bimorph type acceleration detection element including a pair of surface acoustic wave resonators laminated to each other with the back surface of one resonator bonded to the back surface the other resonator. Each resonator includes a piezoelectric substrate and a pair of IDT electrodes which are arranged on the front surface of the piezoelectric substrate. The acceleration detection element is supported at the end thereof so that the acceleration detection element is deflected in the direction of thickness under acceleration. Acceleration is detected by detecting a difference between frequency changes of the two surface acoustic wave resonators or a difference between impedance changes of the two surface acoustic wave resonators, which takes place under acceleration.

Abstract: An actuator using a piezoelectric element and an operating method thereof. The actuator includes: the piezoelectric element; a drive rod fixed to the piezoelectric element; a moving unit engaging with the drive rod by a frictional force; and a driver for applying a voltage to the piezoelectric element. The voltage repeats a cycle of a first value which is one of a maximum value and a minimum value, a second value which is intermediate between the maximum value and the minimum value, and a third value which is the other of the maximum value and the minimum value so as to drive the driving unit with respect to the drive rod.

Abstract: A pre-stressed piezoelectric actuator is comprised of a plurality of layers. The layers include at least one electrically-active ceramic layer, a reinforcing substrate, and a top layer. Preferably, the top layer is comprised of a copper material having at least one lead integrally formed therewith, the lead being available for attaching the device to a voltage source. The copper layer further has a plurality of apertures defined therein to compensate for the stiffness of the copper and to allow the copper layer to deform. The layers are bonded by a thermally-activated adhesive. When the layers and adhesive are heated and cooled, the higher coefficients of thermal expansion in the substrate and top layers stresses the ceramic and causes the device to cool into an arcuate shape.

Abstract: A matrix type ultrasonic probe is disclosed, which has a backing material, and a plurality of piezoelectric elements having upper and lower face electrodes, respectively, and arrayed in two-dimensional directions on the backing material. The ultrasonic probe further has first mounts provided for every piezoelectric element and fixedly secured to the backing material, signal lines provided for every piezoelectric element and embedded in the backing material to be exposed on the surface of the respective first mounts, and second mounts provided for every piezoelectric element to be fixedly secured to the lower face of the piezoelectric element and formed therein with through-holes. The first and second mounts are fixedly secured to one another by means of conductive adhesive, and the signal lines and the lower face electrodes are electrically connected to one another by means of the conductive adhesive.

Abstract: When a piezoelectric material is manufactured by hydrothermal method, the proper amount of lead contained in the piezoelectric film can be ensured and decreases in piezoelectric characteristics can be prevented. A method for manufacturing a piezoelectric material expressed by the formula ABO3, containing an element “a” as the element expressed by A above, and having a perovskite crystal structure, comprises a first step of producing an oxide containing an element “a′”, and a second step of producing a piezoelectric material by subjecting the oxide produced in the first step to a hydrothermal processing using an aqueous solution containing the element “a”, wherein the amount of the element “a”, contained in the piezoelectric material produced in the second step is increased over the amount of the element “a” contained in the oxide produced in the first step.

Abstract: A first common electrode to be fixed at a predetermined potential is formed on a vibration plate. The first common electrode has a first proximal portion and first branch portions extended from the proximal portion. A first piezoelectric layer is laminated on each of the first branch portions. A drive electrode is laminated on each first piezoelectric layer. A second piezoelectric layer is laminated on each drive electrode. A second common electrode to be fixed at the predetermined potential has a second proximal portion and second branch portions extended from the proximal portion such that each of the second branch portions is laminated on each second piezoelectric layer. A conduction member electrically connects the first proximal portion and the second proximal portion.

Abstract: To provide a plate of high resolution and large area. The channel plate configured by including a substrate, a first electrode placed on the top face of the substrate, and a second electrode placed on the bottom face of the substrate, wherein the substrate is a porous element having a plurality of pores extending therethrough, and the porous element is formed by a compound including aluminum, and the porous element has an electron multiplier on a wall surface of the pore.

Abstract: For a plasma accelerator arrangement having a toroidal plasma chamber, a novel structure of the magnetic and/or electric fields is proposed which, in particular, permits multi-stage embodiments with substantially improved efficiency.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an electric lamp with a coiled-coil filament, which is made more compact. An electric lamp 1 comprises a bulb 3 and a coiled-coil filament 2 accommodated in the bulb 3. According to the present invention, the coiled-coil filament 2 consists of a core filament 2′ and an additional filament 2″ which is wound around the core filament 2′ and of which the diameter is smaller than the diameter of the core filament 2′.