Abstract: A time code arithmetic apparatus having a very simple configuration is disclosed, in which the mode of two time codes is not required to be the drop mode, and the arithmetic operation of the time code flexibly meeting the requirement of all television transmission systems can be performed. Two time codes input through selector circuits A and B are added/subtracted in arithmetic means as a time code of non-drop mode simply based on the add/subtract information and the result of the arithmetic operation Oab is output. For the arithmetic result Oab and the pre-calculation time code, the total number of frames skipped (dropped) during the time lapse frame by frame from 00:00:00.00 o'clock is calculated, and in the case where the total numbers of two types of drop frames are not equal to each other, the arithmetic result Oab and the difference Nb between the two types of drop frames are returned to the selector circuits A and B, and the arithmetic operation is performed again in the arithmetic device.

Abstract: A device for providing continuous access to a plurality of data, comprising a recording medium on which is recorded multiple data, each data having both a search address for hierarchical searches and a sub search address for direct searches, a search means for searching for desired data on the above recording medium using the sub search codes, a playback display means for playing back the found data, a sub search code storage means for storing multiple sub search codes in a desired sequence to allow playback in that sequence upon command, a means of reading the corresponding sub search code from the stored sequence of sub search codes for the next data to be played back in the sequence after the previous data in the sequence has been played back, and a control means for using the above playback and display means to playback the data which has been found on the recording medium using the sub search code read by the means described above.

Abstract: A reproducing apparatus and method for reproducing recorded information recorded on an information recording medium. A drive is provided for reproducing the recorded information from the information recording medium. A non-volatile memory is provided for memorizing at least two informations, each including an identifier of the information recording medium, and position information indicative of a position on the recording medium, where the drive is reproducing, while maintaining correspondence with each other therebetween. A controller is provided for deciding on whether the identifier is memorized or not in the non-volatile memory, which is coincident with an identifier reproduced from the information medium by the drive previously. The recorded information is reproduced from the information recording medium loaded onto the drive.

Abstract: The present invention may be regarded as a video recording system and method of transferring a non-time-critical, error-intolerant data segment stored or to be stored on a disk drive, which is responsive to a set of data transfer commands generated by a host processor and which is operating in a mode optimized for transferring time-critical, error-tolerant streaming data segments stored or to be stored on the disk drive. The method includes sending a sequence of data transfer commands generated by the host processor to the disk drive to transfer a respective sequence of time-critical, error-tolerant streaming data segments at a required data transfer rate. The method further includes selectively interposing a first data transfer command into the sequence of data transfer commands, the first data transfer command initiating a first transfer of the non-time-critical, error-intolerant data segment.

Abstract: An encoding/decoding system in an optical disk storage device for performing compact disc/digital video disk (CD/DVD) encoding/decoding of data. The encoding/decoding system includes address mappers for C1, C2, CD P/Q, and DVD inner/outer codes respectively and a shareable Reel-Solomon (RS) encoder/decoder. The shareable RS encoder/decoder is capable of selectively being coupled to either one of the address mappers. When the encoding/decoding system is encoding, the shareable RS encoder/decoder employs a generation polynomial of RS code to generate a parity code of 2T symbols and output a codeword of N symbols, wherein the values of N and 2T are associated with the selected address mapper.

Abstract: A camera frame assembly has an extendable lens module having a lens base, a traveler, a front lens element, and a barrel cap. The lens base defines an optical axis. The traveler moves along the optical axis between first and second positions, relative to the lens base. The traveler has a front lens seat. A front lens element is disposed in the front lens seat. A barrel cap is snapped on the traveler. The barrel cap retains the front lens element in the traveler in alignment with the optical axis. The barrel cap can be snapped off for replacement by a new or renewed barrel cap. When the barrel cap is off, the front lens element is released and can be replaced or can be held in place for reuse.

Abstract: The present invention provides an iris imaging apparatus is configured of a platform; a wide angle camera for imaging an image of a person to be authenticated; wide angle camera lighting devices controlled to emit light when the wide angle camera shoots; a telephoto camera for imaging the enlarged image of the eye of the person to be authenticated; iris lighting devices controlled to emit light when the telephoto camera shoots; first motors for rotating the iris lighting devices and directing the luminous light in the direction of the person to be authenticated; a turning stage mounted with the wide angle camera, the wide angle camera lighting devices, the telephoto camera, the iris lighting devices and the first motors, the turning stage rotatablly mounted on the platform; and a second motor for turning the turning stage. All the components required for the turning operation are mounted on the turning stage.

Abstract: In order to provide an exposure device by which aligning of an exposure pattern is realized when manufacturing a build up wiring board or the like, an exposure device which exposes a photosensitive material with a light beam modulated in accordance with image information comprising a reading section which reads a radioscopic image of a specific pattern provided on an inner layer of a laminated structure, and an aligning section which aligns an exposure position of the photosensitive material laminated on a surface of an outer layer of the laminated structure on the basis of the position information of the read radioscopic image of the specific pattern, is provided.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a Passive Optical Network (PON) to operate at significantly higher data rates than the prior art Passive Optical Networks.

Abstract: A detector outputs a detection signal indicating amplitude variation of an input frequency-multiplexed signal. An amplitude controller adjusts the amplitude of the frequency-multiplexed signal by referring to the detection signal. A modulator modulates the amplitude-adjusted frequency-multiplexed signal to produce a predetermined modulated signal. A second multiplexer multiplexes the modulated signal and the detection signal to produce a multiplexed signal. An optical transmitter converts the multiplexed signal into an optical signal, and then sends it out to an optical transmission path. An optical receiver converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal. A separator separates the modulated and detection signals from the electrical signal. A demodulator demodulates the modulated signal to output the frequency-multiplexed signal. An amplitude adjuster adjusts the amplitude of the frequency-multiplexed signal by referring to the detection signal to reproduce the original amplitude variation.

Abstract: An AWG (arrayed-waveguide grating/10A) divides input ports (11A1 to 11An+1−1) into 1 number of groups, each group comprising m number of input ports, and combines optical signals belonging to each of the groups. For example, the optical signals of wavelengths &lgr;1 to &lgr;m are input from the input ports (11A1 to 11Am) and output from an output port (12A1) as multiplex light. The multiplex light output in each of the groups in the above manner is input into a wave combination coupler (18A) and output to a transmission line (19A) as multiplex light of the optical signals of the wavelengths &lgr;1 to &lgr;n.

Abstract: An optical module which can achieve miniaturization, high performance and cost reduction is provided. The optical module includes a photoelectric component, a high-speed signal processing part which processes a high-speed signal photoelectrically converted by the photoelectric component, and a low-speed signal processing part which processes a low-speed signal. The high-speed signal processing part and the low-speed signal processing part are overlapped with each other in a vertical direction and electrically connected to each other.

Abstract: A system and-method for reducing timing and amplitude jitter in transmission of Retrun-to-Zero modulated pulses is described. In the reduction of amplitude jitter the modulated pulses must be phase coherent. The method comprises the steps of measuring a total dispersion of a transmission fiber link, computing an optimal amount of pre-chirp to be added at an input of said transmission fiber link, computing an optimal amount of pre-chirp to be added at an output of said transmission fiber link, adding said optimal amount of pre-chirp to said input of said transmission fiber link and adding said optimal amount of pre-chirp to said output of said transmission fiber link.

Abstract: A dispersion managed link for transmitting wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical signals and method for providing the link are disclosed. The link includes a plurality of spans serially connected by optical amplifiers. Each span includes an optically dispersive fiber connected to a dispersion compensating module (DCM). The fibers and DCMs are selected in accordance with a preferred dispersion map, which represents dispersion along the link, such that points of minimum and maximum dispersion have distributions that change in accordance with one another. The effects of self-phase modulation (SPM), inter-symbol interference (ISI), and cross-phase modulation on the signals are minimized. The preferred dispersion map may be one of ramp type, angular type or arcuate type, and in the case of the latter two, it may have a plurality peaks.

Abstract: An optical transponder capable of effecting performance monitoring on the electrical signal equivalents of at least two different optical signal types each uniquely identifiable in terms of transmission protocol and/or bit rate. The optical transponder includes an optical/electrical (O/E) receiver module for converting an ingressing optical signal from an optical signal source into an electrical signal; a performance monitoring module for effecting performance monitoring on the electrical signal; and an electrical/optical (E/O) transmitter module for regenerating an egressing optical signal from the electrical signal for feeding to an optical signal destination.

Abstract: A delayed interference all-optical wavelength converter is arranged to convert and reshape a pulsed input signal Pin at &lgr;1 into the wavelength converted signal Pconv at &lgr;2, where &lgr;1 and &lgr;2 are different. A delayed interference all-optical wavelength regenerator is similar, but is arranged to reshape a pulsed input signal Pin into the wavelength converted signal Pconv, where the wavelengths of the input signal and the converted signal are the same. The converter/regenerator comprises an input-signal coupling unit for receiving the pulsed input signal and supplying it to one input of a modulation section, the other input to which is a carrier signal Pcw. The output of the modulation section Pint, which is generally speaking, a phase modulated signal which may also have an amplitude modulated component, is applied to a delay interference section arranged to transform Pint into a primarily amplitude-modulated signal.

Abstract: An optical receiver receives a current signal from an optical receiving diode which receives an optical signal, and converts the optical signal into the current signal. The optical receiver includes a current/voltage converter, a DC remover, an amplifier and a level converter implemented in a single chip. The current/voltage converter converts the current signal into a voltage signal and outputs the differential voltage signal as a conversion voltage signal. The DC remover removes DC components from the conversion voltage signal. The amplifier amplifies the output signal of the DC remover and then outputs the amplified output signal of the DC remover. The level converter converts the level of the output signal of the amplifier into a CMOS level and then outputs the output signal of the amplifier as data. The current/voltage converter has a single input structure in which a current signal is input into one input terminal.

Abstract: An image recording medium reproduction apparatus of the present invention comprises: a conveying member to convey an image recording medium in a prescribed direction, which is made of a material preventing the penetration of an image into it; and an image separation member that contacts the image recording medium conveyed to the conveying member and rotates in the same direction as the prescribed direction by maintaining a speed difference with the image recording medium at the contacting point and removes the image formed on the surface of the image recording medium by rubbing it.

Abstract: A memory member usable with an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, includes a base; a storing element, provided in the base, for storing information; a memory antenna, provided in the base, for sending the information stored in the storing element to a main assembly antenna provided in a main assembly of the apparatus, when the memory member is mounted to the main assembly of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus; a sending member, provided in the base, for sending the information stored in the storing element to the memory antenna; and an outer casing member covering the base provided with the storing element, the sending member and the memory antenna.

Abstract: A developing device that is mounted to an electrophotographic image forming apparatus main body to be used for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member, which includes a developing sleeve for developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a first electrode; a second electrode opposed to the first electrode, and an electrical contact portion for receiving a bias applied to the developing sleeve and the second electrode from the electrophotographic image forming apparatus main body, and in which the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged in positions to which a developer can be admitted, and a value corresponding to a capacitance between the first electrode and the second electrode which exists at the time of applying a voltage to the second electrode is detected by the electrophotographic image forming apparatus main body, thereby detecting a developer amount by the electrophotographic imag

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, an electrostatic latent image is reverse-developed by a developing device with a development bias applied, through conveying a two-component developer layer containing toner particles having a volume-average particle diameter of 3 to 5 &mgr;m by a developer carrying member rotatably provided, a developed toner image is transferred onto a recording medium or an intermediate transfer body, and untransferred toner particles remaining on an image forming body having passed a transfer region are removed by a cleaning member provided in pressure contact with the surface of the image forming body. The length in an axis direction of the image forming body of an useless toner image formed on the image forming body at the starting time and the ending time of an image formation sequence denoted by L, the total charge quantity of the toner particles making up the useless toner image is 0.04L &mgr;C or less.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus includes: an image formation unit for forming toner images on a photosensitive drum; a transfer belt for transporting sheets of a transfer medium; an electrostatic transfer unit transferring toner images on the photosensitive drum onto the sheets; a cleaning unit for cleaning residual matter including toner form the photosensitive drum; a charger for applying a bias of a polarity which is inverse to a normal polarity of the toner, to the transfer unit; and a control unit for controlling operations of the charger. The control unit controls the charger such that a transfer bias is applied in sheet spacing between consecutive sheets, so that there is no flow of current to edge portions at the leading and trailing edges of the sheets, that sheet spacing transfer off time is one photosensitive drum cycle or less, that the transfer bias current is set to zero within leading and trailing sheet margins, and that the image is transferred onto the transfer medium in an image region.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus and method that repeats image create/transfer processing, in which serial processing of forming a toner image on a photosensitive member while rotating the photosensitive member and a transfer medium in a sub scanning direction and thereafter transferring the toner image onto the transfer medium, for a plurality of toner colors which are different from each other. The apparatus and method lay toner images in the respective toner colors over each other on said transfer medium and accordingly form a color image. Correcting transfer start positions of toner images in at least one or more toner colors out of the plurality of toner colors is based on a registration control amount which is necessary to correct relative registration deviations among toner images on the transfer medium.

Abstract: A two-station type color image forming apparatus of the present invention includes intermediate members configured to support only a developing device or the developing device and an image forming device other than an image carrier. The intermediate members are selectively locked to or unlocked from the body of the image forming apparatus. Members constituting the image forming device each can be simply replaced alone at the end of their individual useful life.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a charging member for charging a member to be charged while forming a nip with the member to be charged, and electroconductive particles disposed in the nip. The charging member is supplied with a voltage of a certain polarity, a surface of the member to be charged is triboelectrically charged by a surface of the charging member so as to have a polarity opposite from that of the voltage, and the electroconductive particles are triboelectrically charged in the nip so as to have a polarity opposite from that of the voltage.

Abstract: A developer driving apparatus which drives a plurality of developing rollers via a gear chain including pivotable gears and one way gears. A reversible driving motor is coupled to a deceleration gear which directly drives a first swing drive gear and drives a second swing drive gear via an odd number of idler gears. Each swing drive gear is rotationally coupled with a respective swing gear having a center of rotation which is pivotable about a center of rotation of the respective swing drive gear. In a first position each swing gear drives one of the plurality of rollers via a respective one way gear and in a second position, each swing gear drives another of the plurality of rollers via a respective one way gear. A solenoid activated lever moves each swing gear between respective first and second positions.

Abstract: A drying belt for electrophotographic imaging process comprising: (a) a seamless substrate; and (b) an absorbent layer on the seamless substrate wherein the absorbent layer comprising an absorbing material for carrier liquid of an electrophotographic toner.

Abstract: A roll including a core shaft formed from metal, an elastic layer formed from resin or rubber material arranged around the core shaft and having a resistance, and a surface layer arranged around the elastic layer and having a resistance. The resistance of the surface layer is smaller than that of the elastic layer so that the entire volume resistance of the roll is less than a volume resistance of the elastic layer.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus has an intermediate transferring body or a driven roller speed detector that is driven by a conveying belt; a calculation device for calculating a difference between a target speed and the speed of the intermediate transferring body or of the conveying belt; and a drive controller for employing the speed difference obtained by the calculation device to correct the speed of the intermediate transferring body or of the conveying belt. In a low-speed printing mode, before an actual image is formed on a transfer material conveyed along the conveying belt or on the intermediate transferring body, speed correction is performed at the 1/1-speed and, after the speed correction has been completed, the speed in the low-speed mode is determined, and the speed correction for the intermediate transferring body or the conveying belt is not thereafter performed during the printing.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning member contacting with a surface of an image bearing body bearing a toner image for collecting toner, a toner carrying member for carrying the collected toner and a toner breaking member disposed in the vicinity of a contact portion between the image bearing body and the cleaning member for breaking the toner in the vicinity of the contact portion. The toner breaking member moves in cooperation with a toner carrying operation of the toner carrying member.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention is an imaging device comprising an illuminated reference locator that comprises an illuminated surface that identifies an input location that receives an object to be imaged by the imaging device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of doing cognitive diagnosis of mental skills, medical and psychiatric diagnosis of diseases and disorders, and in general the diagnosing of latent properties of a set of objects, usually people, for which multiple pieces of binary (dichotomous) information about the objects are available, for example testing examinees using right/wrong scored test questions. Settings where the present invention can be applied but are not limited to include classrooms at all levels, web-based instruction, corporate in-house training, large scale standardized tests, and medical and psychiatric settings. Uses include but are not limited to individual learner feedback, learner remediation, group level educational assessment, and medical and psychiatric treatment.

Abstract: A system for selecting antenna for a particular street address for terrestrially broadcast signals, where the system uses a web server to provide antenna performance characteristics for antennae recommended for use at the street address to receive the signals.

Abstract: An LNB (low noise block down converter) that can have a plurality of receivers connected includes a conversion unit receiving a plurality of types of polarized wave signals transmitted from each of a plurality of satellites to convert the plurality of polarized wave signals into a plurality of intermediate frequency signals, an amplify switch connected to the conversion unit to receive the plurality of intermediate frequency signals as inputs, and having a plurality of outputs connected to a plurality of output ports, respectively, determining a status according to a select signal and providing an amplified intermediate frequency signal, and a first control unit receiving digital serial data to select a satellite from an external source via an output port and providing a select signal according to the digital serial data.

Abstract: A wireless switch comprising: a sensor for sensing a change of a state of a barrier; a selector positionable between a first position and a second position; a transmitter operatively coupled to the sensor and selector; and wherein the transmitter transmits a first wireless signal when the selector is positioned in the first position and the sensor senses a change of state, and the transmitter transmits a second wireless signal different from the first signal when the selector is positioned in the second position and the sensor senses the change of state.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for canceling pilot signals from neighbor base stations is disclosed. The present invention cancels unnecessary pilot signals transmitted from the neighbor base stations by detecting, analyzing a PN signal in a pilot signal of each base station, generating estimated interference signal according to analyzed information from the detected PN signal and subtracting estimated interference signal from the received signal. Therefore, the present invention increases a bandwidth of downlink transmission channel and improves the demodulator to be operatable in low signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/No).

Abstract: A method and system for automatically configuring the frequency allocation within a cellular system or network. The method requires the collection of measurements from different parts of a cellular network, generating statistics from these measurements, and combining these statistics with inventory, propagation and geographic data. The combined data is used as input to a frequency allocation algorithm. As a result, the allocation algorithm produces a frequency configuration set, a quality measure of the configuration proposed and/or a set of recommendations that is fed back to the cellular base stations to re-allocate the frequency usage in a plurality of cells.

Abstract: A loopback module includes a plurality of signal paths and is designed to mix an incoming phone signal with a signal from a signal generator to produce a loopback signal at the receive frequency of the phone. The loopback signal is applied to the phone's antenna. The phone then evaluates the loopback signal to determine the appropriate offset for the transmitter chain at that frequency and power level. This process is iterated until the desired number of frequencies and power levels are tested for proper calibration. The offsets are stored in memory for later use by the phone.

Abstract: A control unit 11 responds in ordinary course to external stimuli. In addition, the control unit 11 further processes the external stimuli to characterize and otherwise seek to identify certain aspects and attributes. Unique audible signals that correspond to varying results of such analysis are then provided. These audible signals can readily facilitate ease and accuracy when diagnosing the cause of a particular operational issue. In one embodiment the diagnostic audible signals are selectively mutable without concurrently muting other audible signals as correspond to ordinary operation of the control unit 11.

Abstract: A microwave isolator including a driving circuit and a receiving circuit, wherein the driving circuit receives an input signal from a first isolated circuit and generates a corresponding radio frequency (RF) signal and the receiving circuit detects and decodes the corresponding RF signal and provides a corresponding output signal to a second isolated circuit. The driving circuit contains an oscillator for generating the corresponding RF signal based on the input signal from the first isolated circuit, a transmitting antenna for transmitting the corresponding RF signal, and a microwave switch interposed between the oscillation means and the transmitting antenna for switching the RF signal to the antenna. The receiving circuit contains a receiving antenna to receive the corresponding RF signal and means for detecting and decoding the received corresponding RF signal and providing the corresponding output signal to the second isolated circuit.

Abstract: A demodulator (10) converts television signals to video baseband signals and audio baseband signals including stereo signals representing a right channel signal value, a left channel signal value and a pilot signal having an amplitude. A DSP (60) recursively finds a coefficient value for scaling that keeps the pilot signal amplitude within a range of values, there by improving baseband signal quality, such as stereo separation of stereo signals within the baseband signals.

Abstract: Delay profiles of respective branch received signals received through a plurality of antennas are formed; peaks on each of formed delay profile signals are detected; the maximum peaks are obtained among detected peaks on the respective delay profile signals; and average delay differentials between the delay profiles are obtained by averaging a desired number of delay differentials among the maximum peaks.

Abstract: An adaptive radio receiver utilizes control functions derived from received signals in an interference-limited environment to decide whether to implement conventional single-user demodulation or joint demodulation. The decision to implement joint or conventional demodulation is based upon the values of estimates derived for Doppler spread, carrier-to-interference plus noise, dispersiveness and the likelihood of the presence of a dominant interferer.

Abstract: A NRD guide includes a pair of parallel plate conductors opposed to each other at a spacing equal to or shorter than half the wavelength of a high-frequency signal to be transmitted and having opposing inner surfaces whose arithmetic average roughness Ra satisfies 0.1 &mgr;m≦Ra≦50 &mgr;m, and a dielectric strip arranged between the pair of parallel plate conductors and held in contact with the respective inner surfaces of the parallel plate conductors. The dielectric strip is strongly secured to the inner surfaces to exhibit an excellent durability. The transmission loss of the high-frequency signal can be effectively suppressed.

Abstract: A wireless telephone system, having one or more wireless handsets and a base unit. Each handset has a handset transceiver, and the base unit has a base transceiver and a handset docking station, which has a wired interface. The base unit digitally communicates over an RF channel with a handset via its handset transceiver only if the handset has previously been initialized by the base unit. The handset is initialized via the wired interface when it is physically docked in the docking station.

Abstract: The invention is intended to allow a plurality of users to share a single apparatus while securing the privacy of each user. A terminal is made portable and detachable from a base. Data exchange by radio is made possible between the base and the terminal, and E-mail or facsimile data that is received by the base through a telephone circuit is stored in the terminal. A user can remove the terminal from the base and carry it to his room, and can display a stored E-mail message or facsimile data there.

Abstract: The wireless environment includes an object processing module to process objects obtained from a wireless receiver on the mobile device. The object processing module processes the object to alter data stored in memory on the mobile device. The data comprises at least one in the group of a dataset, an applet and a systems parameters list.

Abstract: The collection, processing, analysis and employment of real-time, call traffic event data in a wireless or radio telecommunications network is more effectively achieved by providing a continuous flow of real-time call traffic event data from a network element level or network level switch to an open, external processing platform over a standardized, open event interface. By continuously transferring call traffic event data to an open processing platform for processing, wherein the open processing platform is external to the network element level of network level switch, the central processing unit in the network element level or network level switch is more readily available to handle real-time critical operations. Once processed on the open, external processing platform, the call traffic event data can be used to support various network management functions to improve overall performance of the network.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for utilizing existing systems and components in a cellular network for managing network functionality to reduce event pressure between managers and agents. In accordance with the preferred embodiments of the invention, a filter, an event counter module, and a performance measurement module, all residing on the agent, perform event notification filtering, counting, and thresholding in the agent. In accordance with the preferred embodiments, only an alarm is sent to the manager from the agent if event notifications exceed a threshold that is established by the manager on the agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tunnel-based IP handoff process that can minimize the handoff latency associated with the standard Mobile IP registration. In the present invention, when neighboring nodes are detected, these detected nodes are identified as candidate nodes. Detection of just the existence of neighboring nodes should be possible even in situations where these neighboring nodes use different access technologies. For instance, pilot beacon signals may be taken as indication of the existence of candidate nodes although it may be impossible to compare them quantitatively if the beacon signals emanate from different access technologies. As soon as candidate nodes are identified, tunnels are established between the source node and the candidate nodes. The tunnels are used to forward data to the mobile node after a communication link between the mobile node and the source node goes down.