Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for integrated control, access, and presentation of flight information within the cockpit. Cockpit instrument systems and methods are provided which include a first cockpit instrument panel which has a first display proximately located to a first bezel. The first display is operable to present navigational data, communication data, and flight information data including airspeed, attitude, and altitude. The systems and methods further include a second cockpit instrument panel located adjacent to the first cockpit instrument panel. The second cockpit instrument panel has a second display proximately located to a second bezel. The second display is operable to present navigational data, communication data, and flight information data including detailed engine parameters.

Abstract: A graphical system configuration program allows material handling systems to easily be defined, configured, and implemented. The system may utilize a computer for configuring an automatic guided vehicle system. Information defining the path layouts for the AGVs, traffic control information, decisional logic for path branches, update marker information, and other information useful for controlling the operation of the automatic guided vehicles may be entered into the computer and displayed graphically. The computer is programmed to automatically verify the validity of the entered information, and to optionally simulate the movement of the automatic guided vehicles. After the information has been validated, it can be converted to a file format that is used by an automatic guided vehicle controller to control the vehicle's movement. Virtually the entire design process for the AGV system can therefore be carried out using a single computer program specifically adapted for that purpose.

Abstract: Presented are a method and a system by which an individual can obtain usage information of a vehicle. A mobile unit, which may be located inside a vehicle, receives data from a part of the vehicle (e.g., the odometer) and/or Global Positioning System satellites and derives parameters such as the velocity and the travel distance from the received data. Using these parameters, the mobile unit may determine time information such as the amount of time the vehicle is traveling, in idle, or in a parked state within a given time period. Alternatively, the mobile unit may transmit the parameters to a remote computer, which then determines the time information. When a user submits a query requesting a parameter or a mathematical operation on a parameter, either the mobile unit or a remote computer prepares a response and transmits the response to the appropriate user interface.

Abstract: An onboard diagnostic memory module is configured to plug into the OBD II port and has a real-time clock and power supply, a microprocessor powered from a standard OBD II port, microprocessor operating firmware, and an attached memory (7 MB). In operation, the onboard diagnostic memory module is preprogrammed with data collection parameters through microprocessor firmware by connection to a PC having programming software for the module firmware. Thereafter, the onboard diagnostic memory module is moved into pin connection with the OBD II port of a vehicle. Data is recorded on a “trip” basis, preferably using starting of the engine to define the beginning of the trip and stopping of the engine to define the end of the trip.

Abstract: An electronic system includes a plurality of electronic components and a central control unit. The electronic components and the central control unit are connected to each other by a bus structure. The central control unit includes a memory. The electric and functional parameters of each electronic component are stored in the memory. Functions may be selected by the central control unit and according to the electric and functional parameters of all of the electronic components. The selection may be displayed for the user by a central graphic interface. The electronic components may be exclusively controlled by the central control unit.

Abstract: A control system that senses misalignment of components in a vehicle drive train system and adjusts the vehicle ride height to realign the components. A control unit monitors vibration, torque or other operating parameters of a vehicle's drive train or other vehicle components and determines whether the parameters are abnormal. If the monitored parameters are abnormal, then the control unit controls suspension elements on the vehicle to adjust the ride height of the vehicle and subsequently the alignment of the drive train, for example, the operating angle of the driveshaft. A ride height sensor feeds back ride height measurements as the suspension elements are adjusted to assist in finding an optimal ride height that eliminates or reduces excess vibration and/or torque. In another embodiment, the control unit adjusts the ride height based on vehicle speed or fuel economy to reduce the profile of the vehicle and improve fuel economy.

Abstract: The vehicle operation control apparatus multiplies the variable gain G controlled based on the vehicle velocity V, the steering angle &thgr;h, the steering angle velocity &ohgr;h and the actual steering angle &thgr;T with the steering angle &thgr;h, and controls the actual steering angle &thgr;T of the driven wheels on a result of this multiplication. Consequently, the additional turning time gear ratio Ga1 or the turning-back gear ratio Ga2, set up individually, can be selected depending on the turning direction of the steering wheel. Therefore, the steering feeling both at the time of additional turning and turning-back can be improved.

Abstract: Provided is a collision position detecting apparatus for a vehicle, comprising a line sensor including first and second conductive lines fixedly secured onto a front surface or rear surface of the vehicle to extend in lateral directions of the vehicle and placed to be separated from each other by a predetermined spacing in longitudinal directions of the vehicle, with at least one of the conductive lines being elastically deformed at a position of a collision against a body to be restorable to make an electrical connection with the other conductive line. The apparatus simultaneously detects a collision against a pedestrian and the position of the collision on the basis of a current flowing in the conductive lines or a voltage drop therein. This can specify the collision position quickly and facilitate the manufacturing of the apparatus.

Abstract: An activating apparatus for vehicle passenger protection devices includes a rollover determining section for determining the likelihood of a vehicle rollover. When only the presence of a passenger on the driver' seat is detected by an occupant sensor, a determination control change-over section changes conditions for rollover likelihood determination that are used for the determination of activation of a passenger protection device on a navigator's seat side to conditions that make it difficult to render a decision that a vehicle rollover is imminent. With this arrangement, the navigator's seat side passenger protection device is activated with a time delay after activation of a passenger protection device on the driver's seat side.

Abstract: In a vehicle with a gear-shift transmission of a kind that requires a torque-free state to shift gears, the riding comfort is improved by a method of shifting gears where a gear shift is preceded by the steps of: reducing the vehicle acceleration at a time t1 from an existing level (1) to a first acceleration level (3), maintaining the vehicle acceleration at the reduced level (3) for a predetermined time interval, and at the end point t3 of the predetermined time interval, reducing the acceleration further to a second acceleration level that is lower than the first level.

Abstract: This novel silent operating mode for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) reduces noise and emissions compared to traditional HEV operating modes. It is a complementary series of software control functions that allows the vehicle to operate with reduced noise and emissions where specifically needed, while phasing-in engine power where allowed. The method utilizes an energy storage system budget associated with a modal quantity of energy allocated for the mode, and is adapted to automatically adjust the operation of the vehicle to accommodate deviations from the budgeted energy amount. The mode also adjusts the vehicle operation in conjunction with changes in the parametric conditions of the ESS.

Abstract: A valve of an internal combustion engine includes a valve body movable between a fully opened position and a fully closed position, an armature coupled to the valve body, a pair of springs urging the valve body, and a pair of electromagnets. Each electromagnet generates electromagnetic force to attract the armature, thereby moving the valve body. The engine valve is controlled by means of sliding mode. That is, when the valve body is moved from the fully closed position to the fully opened position, the electromagnets are controlled such that the state quantity of the valve body (the position and the moving speed) converges on a previously set switching hyperplane. The switching hyperplane is changed in accordance with the position of the valve body. As a result, a number of factors required for controlling the engine valve are satisfied.

Abstract: In a method of controlling a diesel engine that performs an injected fuel quantity reduction process for preventing black smoke based on an engine speed, and performs an injected fuel quantity reduction process for preventing shift shock during shifting of an automatic transmission, the injected fuel quantity reduction process for preventing black smoke is inhibited or the amount of reduction of the injected fuel quantity for preventing black smoke is reduced during shifting of the automatic transmission or during execution of the injected fuel quantity reduction process for preventing shift shock.

Abstract: A method of controlling a vehicle engine involves determining a predetermined start operation, which is usually performed by a driver when the driver starts a parked vehicle, and that is not exclusively performed for starting the vehicle engine, verifying a code with a portable device after determining the predetermined start operation, and starting an engine automatically after successfully verifying the code. An engine control device has a start determining mechanism for determining a predetermined start operation, which is usually performed by a driver when the driver starts a parked vehicle, and that is not exclusively performed for starting a vehicle engine, a verifying mechanism for verifying a code with a portable device after determining the predetermined start operation, and a starting mechanism for controlling an automatic engine start after successfully verifying the code.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for automatically displaying to a flight crew member a list of electronic charts appropriate for a set flight plan or alternatively displaying the appropriate chart in response to information input into an FMS.

Abstract: A system for tracking a fleet of vehicles, such as trucks or aircraft, includes a set of vehicle processing systems associated with each vehicle. Each vehicle processing system receives a travel route matrix from a remote server, and generates periodic vehicle position information which is compared with a propagating wave associated with different segments, or corridors, of the matrix. When the vehicle position is determined to lie outside the propagating wave and a geo-corridor at a particular point in time, alerts are sent to the server notifying the server of same. Corrective action can then be taken, such as remotely disabling the vehicle, or alerting a fleet manager.

Abstract: A navigation system performing navigation based on a detected current position and map data is provided. The navigation system includes a storage device, a navigation control device, and a defragmenting processing device. The storage device is nonvolatile. Files of map data are able to be read from it, and to be written into it. The navigation control device controls a navigation operation using the map data. Then, the defragmenting processing device performs a defragmenting processing with the storage device at a predetermined time.

Abstract: An improved technique for determining the integer value of phase ambiguities (integer ambiguities) of pseudorange measurements based on the carrier phase of received navigation signals provides more accurate ranging and position determination in navigation and ranging systems. A Bayesian methodology is employed to estimate the probability that each of a group of candidate integer ambiguity values is the correct value of the integer ambiguity at each pseudorange measurement time epoch. The candidate having the highest probability is selected as the value of the integer ambiguity, and the selected value is used to estimate the pseudorange and geographic position at each time epoch.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for measuring the likelihood that detected stationary objects are not normally present at a sensed location. Such systems and methods may be used by other systems to which information from the present invention are communicated, for minimizing nuisance alerts in onboard object detection systems such as collision warning, collision avoidance, and/or adaptive cruise control systems. The system includes at least one vehicle mounted sensor capable of sensing at least a target object and providing data related to the target object. The system also comprises a locating device which is capable of determining and providing data related to the location of the machine or vehicle and a processing unit which receives the data from the sensor and the data from the locating device.

Abstract: A driving assist system for a vehicle comprises: a driving environment detection device that detects a driving environment of the vehicle; a risk potential calculation device that calculates a risk potential present along a longitudinal direction (a RPlongitudinal) and a risk potential present along a lateral direction (a RPlateral) relative to the vehicle based upon the driving environment detected by the driving environment detection device; a longitudinal information conveyance device that presents the RPlongitudinal calculated by the risk potential calculation device to a driver; a lateral information conveyance device that presents the RPlateral calculated by the risk potential calculation device to the driver; and a timing control device that adjust an output timing of the longitudinal information conveyance device and an output timing of the lateral information conveyance device so as to prompt a driver to perform a longitudinal driving operation or a lateral driving operation to stabilize behavior of

Abstract: A real-time method is disclosed for maintaining subterranean formation stability through monitoring the interaction between the formation and fluids introduced into (or produced from) a wellbore penetrating the formation. The method employs real-time wellbore (in)stability logging methodology. The method is exemplified by a Pore Pressure Transmission (PPT) test. In such test, test fluids are exposed to Pierre II shales (20% w/w NaCl solution and sodium silicate fluid with 20% w/w NaCl, for example) in a PPT apparatus. Membrane efficiency of the two fluids when exposed to the outcrop shale is calculated, and based on the simultaneous acquisition of acoustic data, estimation of a dynamic rock property is made.

Abstract: A method for identifying environmental effects in well log data includes selecting a plurality of models, each of the plurality of models including at least one parameter to be optimized; fitting the models to the well log data by optimizing the at least one parameter, the fitting producing a plurality of optimized models; determining an indicator of goodness of fit for each of the plurality of optimized models; and selecting a model representing a best fit of the well log data based on the indicator.

Abstract: Method for solving the classical inversion problem of finding the angle dependent reflection coefficients along selected reflectors in the subsurface. The input data to the method include seismic constant offset or constant angle data cubes from Pre-Stack Depth Migration of Kirchhoff type and the corresponding reflectors and velocities from the interpretation and velocity analysis of the data. One or more of the reflectors are chosen and ray modeling is done to create synthetic seismics for all shot/receiver pairs in the seismic survey. Based on these modeling results, amplitude correction maps are made for the various reflection angles. These correction maps are applied to the amplitudes from the seismic data. The corrected amplitudes are approximations to the angle-dependent reflection coefficients in all points on each selected reflector. For each point, a weight function is computed, giving the quantitative resolution of the estimate of the reflection coefficient.

Abstract: A method for attenuating water layer multiples from a gather of seismic data traces. The method includes predicting a plurality of receiver side water layer multiples in the gather of seismic data traces using a convolutional operator derived from a water layer model, adaptively subtracting the receiver side water layer multiples from the gather of seismic data traces, predicting a plurality of source side water layer multiples using the convolutional operator derived from the water layer model, and adaptively subtracting the receiver side water layer multiples and the source side water layer multiples from the gather of seismic data traces to generate a plurality of primaries in the gather of seismic data traces.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel four stage ab initio approach for predicting the tertiary structure of polypeptides. The methods of the invention combine the classical and modern views of protein folding, while using free energy calculations and integer linear optimization to predict helical and &bgr;-sheet structures. Derivation of restraints, detailed atomistic modeling, and a deterministic global optimization method, &agr;BB, coupled with torsion angle dynamics, form the basis for the final tertiary structure prediction. The performance of the methods of the invention is illustrated using several different polypeptides.

Abstract: Methods are provided for identifying heterogeneous features, including heterogeneous background regions, in an image of an array, e.g., in an image of a biopolymeric array, such as a nucleic acid array. The subject methods employ an algorithm that employs a different dispersity measure depending on whether the signal features are weaker or stronger. Also provided are computer readable storage media that include an algorithm capable of performing the steps of the subject methods. The subject methods find use in the processing of images obtained from a variety of different types of arrays, including nucleic acid arrays.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for inspecting sewerage pipes, comprising in combination with a first mobile pipe vehicle, a gas sensor vehicle for detecting pipe ambient gas. The combination includes an interface cable conveying power and operably connecting the combination to a control station positioned outside the pipe, a second vehicle having a support frame connected to the first mobile pipe vehicle, a gas sensor positioned on the second vehicle support frame and connected to the interface cable for sensing pipe ambient gas level, and a transceiver communicating with the gas sensor and connected to the interface cable for therethrough communicating with the control station. The second vehicle is preferably connected to the first mobile pipe vehicle by the interface cable and is thereby towed in the pipe.

Abstract: A method for predicting potential mine roof failures which generally includes the steps of identifying influence factors that affect mine roof instability, quantifying each influence factor, multiplying each influence factor by a numeric weight factor to obtain a weighed influence factor for each influence factor and calculating a mine roof instability rating based on the weighted influence factors. Supplemental support may be recommended in areas where the mine roof instability rating shows increased risk of mine roof failure.

Abstract: A method and system for determining the effect of precipitation on flow within a sewer network includes identifying a modeled response of the sewer to a precipitation event. Once the modeled response is identified, scaled responses to future precipitation events may be predicted, in real time, by measuring intervals of the precipitation event and calculating the scaled response as a function of the modeled response and the precipitation quantity measured during the precipitation event.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a method of identification of weak and/or strong branches of an electric power transmission system. In the inventive method electrical parameters characterizing the nodes and branches of an electric power transmission system are subjected to computational treatment in order to obtain equations of power flow in all nodes of the system at assumed 100 percent system load value. Then an electric model of a branch is assumed and a curve P-Q is constructed which shows the functional relation between active and reactive load in the system. For the assumed branch model a branch voltage stability coefficient is determined. Then the analysed system is overloaded by increasing the total system load up to 120% base load and the branch voltage stability coefficient is determined again. The numerical values of the appropriately determined coefficients are compared with threshold values considered to be a safe margin for the maintenance of voltage stability for the given branch.

Abstract: A method and system for verifying network device power cabling configuration. Specifically, in one embodiment, the method begins by reading a map that outlines designed cabling information. The cabling information describes how power from a plurality of power sources is applied over a plurality of cables to a plurality of computing resources in a network. A power test sequence is then performed independently on each of the plurality of computing resources to verify the cabling information. During the test sequence for each of the plurality of computing resources, power is applied continuously. Thereafter, a report is generated that details results from performance of the power test sequence on each of the plurality of computing resources.

Abstract: The structure, provides autonomous automation, digitalize data, and effective use data by utilizing a network. A measuring card for measuring voltage and current according to values detected by the state detector that detects voltage and current of the system, a protection card for performing a protective arithmetical operation according to values detected by the state detector and outputting a protection command to a controller, and a control card for performing a protective arithmetical operation according to values detected by the state detector and outputting a control command to a controller are integrated within an on-site cubicle, wherein the protection card, measuring card, and control card are connected to the substation monitoring and controlling device via a serial bus which is shared by those cards, and data is sent and received between those cards and the monitoring and controlling device via the serial bus.

Abstract: Methods are provided for embedding and/or de-embedding a network having an even number of ports into a device under test (DUT) having an odd number of ports. For example, a four-port network can be embedded/de-embedded into/from a three-port device under test (DUT). This is accomplished by embedding a virtual circulator into the three-port DUT to thereby generate an artificial four-port device. The four-port network is then embedded/de-embedded into/from the artificial four-port device to thereby generate a composite four-port device. The virtual circulator is then de-embedded from the composite four-port device to thereby generate a composite three-port device that is equivalent to the four-port network embedded/de-embedded into/from the three-port DUT.

Abstract: An internal impedance of a battery (30) is automatically determined by operating a processor (13) to analyze current flowing through the battery to determine if a transient condition due to change of current is occurring and determining when the transient condition has ended. A voltage of the battery is measured while a steady current is being supplied by the battery. The present depth of discharge (DOD) of the battery is determined and a database is accessed to determine a corresponding value of open circuit voltage. The internal impedance is computed by dividing the difference between the measured voltage of the battery and the open circuit voltage at the present DOD by an average value of the steady current.

Abstract: A jitter separation apparatus and method, based on spectrum analysis, separates deterministic jitter and random jitter using their spectral properties. Deterministic jitter is periodic and nature and exhibits a spectrum of impulses, whereas random jitter exhibits a broad, flat spectrum. A time domain histogram and a frequency domain histogram of the signal are investigated to obtain jitter components.

Abstract: A testing circuit and method for a phase-locked loop allow measurement of leakage currents in the phase-locked loop components. By forcing the output of the phase-frequency detector to a particular state, the charge pump can be disabled. This disables the effect of feedback in the phase-locked loop, and allowing the output frequency to be determined by the voltage on the control voltage node at the time the feedback is disabled. If there is no leakage, the control voltage, and therefore the output frequency, should remain the same as they were at the moment feedback was disabled. Monitoring the output frequency for changes provides an indication of the presence or absence of leakage. Conducting the test using two different charge pump reference currents allows one to detect leakage resulting from charge pump mismatch.

Abstract: A system comprising a plurality of digital storage oscilloscopes (DSOs) in which each DSO acquires a common signal under test (SUT) according to respective clock signals having common frequency parameters and respective phase parameters such that a plurality of acquisition records may be interleaved to produce a higher effective resolution acquisition record.

Abstract: A hydraulic excavator 1 working in fields includes a controller 2 for measuring a working time for each of an engine 32, a front 15, a swing body 13, and a travel body 12, storing measured data in a memory of the controller 2, and then transferring it to a base station computer 3 via satellite communication, an FD, etc. The transferred data is stored as a database 100 in the base station computer 3. The base station computer 3 reads the data stored in the database 100 for each hydraulic excavator, calculates a working time of a part belonging to each section on the basis of the working time of that section, and compares the calculated working time with a preset target replacement time interval of the relevant part, thereby calculating a remaining time up to next replacement of the relevant part and managing the scheduled replacement timing thereof.

Abstract: A tracking system and method automatically tracks time spent by end users in different applications on the end users' computers while performing tasks. The time keeping application is integrated with at least some of the applications on the end user computers. This integration allows the time keeping application to detect and track events, such as the opening and closing of files, that signify a change in the task being performed by the end users by receiving messages directly from the other applications being used by the end user. The time keeping software may automatically suggest a categorization for the task based on at least one criteria.

Abstract: A method of addressing a memory device on a memory module includes determining whether a command has been issued to the memory module. An evaluation state is entered if the command has been issued. While in the evaluation state, it is determined whether an identification signal has been issued for the memory device to initiate action. Action is initiated if the identification signal indicates that the memory device is to respond to the command issued.

Abstract: A multi-sensor system for the real-time embedded monitoring of an object senses mixed-mode object conditions. Various sensors separately provide disparate analog signals representing different measurable attributes regarding the sensed object. For example, such sensors may separately sense temperature, pressure, or other biometric value. Then, according to a specified rule set or other qualifying parameters, a digital signal is generated by a processor or controller to indicate one or more condition of the sensed object according to certain sensor input values. Additionally, such multi-sensor scheme may be coupled to a digital network or otherwise coupled thereto for simulation and/or communication applications.

Abstract: A signal processor, for use with a zero crossing module of a vortex flow meter, includes a peak amplitude detector, a comparator, and a filter module. The filter module is enabled when the comparator determines that the amplitude is less than a low flow rate threshold. The filter module filters a vortex signal and the filtered signal is provided to a frequency estimator that uses a zero crossing algorithm. The signal processor may increase the signal-to-noise ratio at low flow rates for which the frequency estimator may not otherwise be able to accurately estimate the flow rate. Low flow rates may be measured by determining that there is a low flow rate using amplitude detection of a vortex signal, filtering the vortex signal based on the amplitude detection, and using a zero crossing algorithm on the filtered vortex signal.

Abstract: A method for minimizing noise in an integrated circuit is described, the method including choosing a net to be analyzed, determining that the total path length of conductive paths coupled to a driver within the net exceed a maximum acceptable length for that given driver according to the minimum acceptable noise levels for that given net, and inserting at least one buffer within the net at a position which is within the maximum acceptable length for conductive paths coupled to the driver.

Abstract: Simulated computer hardware is differentiated from physical computer hardware for user code by detecting a sequence of instructions which produce no effect on physical computer hardware but which set a flag on simulated computer hardware. User code may thus issue the sequence of instructions, then check the flag to determine whether it is executing on simulated hardware or physical hardware.

Abstract: An electronic circuit simulator technique dramatically reduces barriers to simulation of complex analog circuits. The simulator technique reduces simulation preparation time by permitting a skilled user to formulate a simulation strategy that can combine a modeling strategy, a deck extraction strategy, and a comprehensive suite of pre-engineered simulation tests that fully characterize a system under test. The simulation technique reduces the CPU time required for each test by allowing a skilled user to encode a device modeling strategy and a deck extraction strategy that effectively minimize the CPU time required to achieve a given simulation objective. For a given simulation objective, a skilled user chooses for each element implemented in a simulation a device model of minimum complexity that achieves a desired level of simulation accuracy and extracts a portion of the complete production schematic that achieves the desired level of simulation accuracy.

Abstract: A method of requalifying a rail born tank car adapted to transport includes inspecting the tank car in accord with a selected one of a plurality of procedures, each procedure delineating and defining a pre-determined plurality of inspections and test. Inspection data obtained from the predetermined series of steps and tests is input into a computer-readable storage medium, where it is related by a computer having at least one processor, to secondary data, such as ownership data, lease status data, rental status data, and/or transported commodity data. Based on this relation, the computer computes a requalification date for the tank car based on the input inspection data and the secondary data. This requalification date is output to at least one of a computer-readable storage medium, a display device, and a physical print media inclusive of an outer surface of the tank car.

Abstract: A simulator of intelligent workstations at level 2 the OSI model for generating complete LAN frames for testing a system under test. The simulator includes a scripting facility that represents the actions of the human end-user at the client workstation. By providing a scripting facility, different complexions of a workload can be impressed upon the system under test without the need for human end-users nor the need for rebuilding the simulation tool. The simulator includes embedded protocol stacks allowing manipulation of the simulated LAN frames. The simulator also includes one or more embedded protocol application modules for emulating actions of an application, e.g., web browser, and enabling the handling of dynamic, application-related events.

Abstract: A hardware emulator chip contains an array of cells and a programmable interconnection array. Each cell performs only a single logic function, which is configurable. The chips run asynchronously to one another, and within each chip cells are enabled by a sequential wave signal, which enables successive logical rows of cells. Within the chip, it is possible to connect any arbitrary cell output to any arbitrary cell input. Preferably, a set of off-chip connections is made possible by time-multiplexing the output of each subset to the wave signal. In one embodiment, full interconnection of cells within a chip is provided by providing a time-multiplexed programmable array of interconnect switches, the setting of each switch changing with each successive wave. In a second embodiment, full interconnection of cells within a chip is provided by providing a programmable array of interconnect switches.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for emulating the operation of storage devices deployed in a host computer system. The inventive approach preferably involves the use of an emulator employing storage space and equipment specifically allocated for the emulation of particular storage devices associated with the host computer. Emulating storage devices preferably preserve their data through various possible power cycling operations of the emulated devices. The emulating or emulator devices may generally be disposed inside or outside of the emulator housing.

Abstract: Methods of providing page protection in digital printing systems having multiple output devices are described. In one embodiment, first and second output devices are provided and have different time constraints for processing predetermined amounts of data which will ultimately be printed on a print medium. One of the time constraints is selected to provide a selected time constraint, and at least one predetermined amount of data is tested against the selected time constraint to determine whether the selected time constraint is satisfied. If the selected time constraint is not satisfied, the predetermined amount of data is transformed into a state which is more likely to satisfy the selected time constraint. In another embodiment, a first processing time constraint of a first output device is determined. The first processing time constraint impacts the manner in which a predetermined amount of data is processed into a printed image. A second processing time constraint of a second output device is determined.