Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel additive composition for stabilizing blends of ethanol and a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline or diesel range, comprising: a) 0.1-10% of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) derivative(s) or mixtures thereof of formula (I) where m=0-12, n=0, 2, 4 & 6 and b) 0.1-10% of an organic co-solvent depending upon the percentage composition of diesel and ethanol blend.

Abstract: A diesel fuel additive is provided that includes beta-carotene stabilized with 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-quinoline. The additive may be added to any liquid hydrocarbon fuel, solid hydrocarbon fuel, or other hydrocarbonaceous combustible fuel to reduce emissions of undesired components during combustion of the fuel, provide improved fuel economy, engine cleanliness, and/or performance. A method for preparing the additive is also provided.

Abstract: An improved diesel fuel based on a blend of biodiesel and ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel, particularly with a fuel additive containing a concentrate containing fuel borne catalyst (FBC). The catalyst will preferably comprise platinum and/or cerium and/or iron, and the ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel will preferably contain less than 10% aromatics. The biodiesel is typically employed in an amount of about 20% of the blend.

Abstract: A combustible product of various shapes and compositions efficiently and conveniently supplies heat, such as for outdoor cooking. The product includes a hollow cone of combustible material defining a substantially cone-shaped exterior, a substantially cone-shaped interior space, a large opening in the base of the cone and a small opening in the top of the cone creating a flue to facilitate ignition of the product and to allow individual products to be stacked upon each other for larger heating requirements or for efficient storage before use. The product may be a single integral piece of combustible material, a plurality of combustible pieces secured to each other to form the cone shape, or a plurality of combustible pieces arranged into a cone shape through means of combustible packaging.

Abstract: An artificial firelog and firestarter chip producing apparatus comprising a cutting assembly, a compression conveyor auger assembly and a die. The apparatus converts standard waxed corrugated cardboard boxes into artificial firelogs by first slicing cardboard sheets into cardboard strips, then chopping the cardboard strips into cardboard segments in the cutting assembly. The cardboard segments are compressed and in the compression conveyor auger assembly and extruded in the die to form generally circular, longitudinally-shaped sections of a firelog. Firestarter chips are fabricated by the cutting assembly, which slices cardboard sheets in conjunction with paper sheets into cardboard and paper strips, then chopping the cardboard strips into cardboard segments and the paper strips into paper mix.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing inexpensive and high-quality engine fuel, from a starting material comprising waste vegetable oils which have been conventionally wasted, is provided.

Abstract: Measurements are taken of moisture, BTU/lb (British Thermal Units per pound), ash, forms of sulfur, volatile material, grindability, and absorption properties of any of a wide variety of mine-run solid fuels. Using that information, a dry electromagnetic process technology has been developed that can be controlled and monitored to selectively alter and enhance solid fuel properties for the application in question. Specific changes include altering the mechanical structure and chemical composition of solid fuels such as coal, coal coke or petroleum coke, increasing the BTU/lb to optimum levels, decreasing all forms of sulfur, and decreasing ash, while maintaining the BTU/lb of the fuels. A new family of solid fuel designer coals not found in nature can be produced via these methods and apparatus.

Abstract: The invention provides a plant base comprising a base section with a seat for a plant pot, in which a tail section extends in a horizontal direction from the rear of the base section. A groove/protuberance combination is provided at the front of the base section and the rear of the tail section that is able to be accommodated in the groove of another corresponding plant base. The groove and the protuberance each has a support surface that is lower or higher than the support surface of the groove, such that when the protuberance of the plant base has been taken up in the groove of the other plant base, one of the two plant bases is lifted from the substrate at the location of the engaging protuberance and groove. Thus, the invention provides a plant base that continuously retains the same orientation during transport over a conveyor belt, with successive plant bases kept a sufficient distance apart.

Abstract: A method of creating and preserving the identity of non-GMO seeds, grains, and processed food products by selecting seeds which are known to contain non-GMO varieties, planting the non-GMO crop, inspecting grower's operation and machinery to certify that the operation is free of contamination prior to harvest, harvesting the crop, inspecting the processing facility to verify that its operation is free of contamination prior to harvest, tracking all containers holding non-GMO crops each time the crop is moved, and processing the non-GMO crops into containers for shipment where the containers possess tracking information.

Abstract: The present invention includes a convertible planter and fountain system. The system can readily be converted between a planter and a fountain using the same container with removable elements to facilitate the conversion. The system also includes a hollow cavity formed between the exterior and interior portions of the container in which various elements can be mounted and concealed if desired. A pump provides water recirculation in the fountain mode through a water spout coupled to the pump.

Abstract: A fuel reforming apparatus for reforming a mixture of fuel and gas containing oxygen includes an air-fuel mixing chamber into which fuel and air are supplied in such a manner that the fuel and the air are mixed with each other; a reforming reaction chamber which is provided downstream of the air-fuel mixing chamber, and which includes a reforming catalyst for reforming the mixture; and a mixture flow chamber which is provided between the air-fuel mixing chamber and the reforming reaction chamber. The cross sectional area of an outlet of the air-fuel mixing chamber is smaller than the cross sectional area of an inlet of the reforming reaction chamber. An inner wall surface of the mixture flow chamber is formed such that the outlet of the air-fuel mixing chamber is smoothly continuous with the inlet of the reforming reaction chamber.

Abstract: A device for the synchronized actuation of sliding doors, provided for two sliding doors moving indistinctly in the same plane or in two planes forming any angle, consisting of two pairs of cogwheels (8-8?) and (9-9?) between which there is arranged, inside of each pair, an also cog belt (10-10?), a connection part (13-13?) fixed to the corresponding suspension grip (6-6?) of the respective sliding door being joined to each one of these belts. Joined to the two neighboring cogwheels (9-9?) there are respective cogwheels (18-18?) of a larger diameter, directly meshing with one another, to synchronously transmit motion from one cog belt (10-10?) to the other, cogwheels (18-18?) which are kept joined by means of parts (20) bridging their shafts (19-19?) and maintaining the drive transmission both when the doors are coplanar and when they form any angle.

Abstract: A flap drive for a flap includes two identical lever joint arrangements which are arranged in pairs at a distance from one another. The flap can be moved out of its closing position into its opening position and back by the flap drive. In this case, the lever joint arrangements are articulated pivotably with one of their ends in each case on a side region of the flap and with their other ends at a fixed location on the motor vehicle. The mutually corresponding pivot axes of the articulation points extend coaxially to one another. Movement transmission devices for the pivotable drive of a driven lever of each lever joint arrangement are guided by a common motive drive unit, the driven levers being articulated at a fixed location on the motor vehicle.

Abstract: The reduction of cost, size, and weight of an automatic opening and closing system for a vehicle provided with an electromagnetic clutch is achieved. An electromagnetic clutch is provided between a worm gear mechanism in a drive unit and an output shaft connected to a slide door. The electromagnetic clutch has a clutch coil fixed to inside of a worm wheel and an armature attached to the output shaft so as to be movable in the axial direction. Coil ends of the clutch coil are electrically connected to slip rings fixed to the worm wheel, and contacts connected to an electric power source are slidably brought into contact with the slip rings, and electric power is supplied to the clutch coil through these components. By magnetic attraction force generated by the clutch coil in a conducting state, the armature is attracted and engaged with the worm wheel.

Abstract: A dual rack and pinion system is provided for a window lift mechanism. The window lift mechanism includes improved window brackets for simple mounting to a window. A modular frame design is provided to improve assembly of the window lift mechanism into the door of a vehicle. An improved assembly method is provided for the dual rack and pinion system. The system is also provided with a smart motor and incorporates resilient shock absorbers in the dual rack and pinion gear train to allow more time for the smart motor to detect and react to an obstruction in the window.

Abstract: The present invention provides a balance assembly (10) for use with a sash window assembly (104) slidable within a master frame (110). The balance assembly (10) generally includes a plate (20), at least one coil (40), and a shoe or pivot brake assembly (60). The plate (20) is adapted to be attached to the master frame (110). The spring (40) has a coiled portion (42), an intermediate portion (43), and a free portion (44). The coiled portion (42) of the spring (40) is rotatably supported by a support member (30) extending from the plate (20). The free portion (44) of the spring (40) has a curved configuration with a curved end (46). The pivot brake assembly (60) has at least one slot (76) adapted to receive and retain the free portion (44) of the spring (40). The slot (76) defines a protrusion (83) that engages the free portion (44).

Abstract: A window construction applies to vertically or horizontally hung windows including horizontally sliding windows, to conventional double-hung windows wherein one or both sashes are movable, and to odd-shaped windows (hexagons, octagons, or the like). The outer window framework comprises lineal sections providing a header, a sill, and a pair of jambs, joined by formed corner sections of complementary cross-sectional configuration to achieve water-tight corner joints and a water-tight window. The outer framework incorporates flanges for mounting the complete window in a window aperture of a building or vehicle, and channels for receiving an inner framework of sashes and/or vents, and providing a peripheral seal for the same. She internal sashes may be single or multiple frames holding glass or comparable transparent or translucent panes.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus includes an evacuatable processing vessel; a workpiece mount base for mounting thereon an object to be processed; a microwave transmitting plate provided in an opening of a ceiling of the processing vessel; a planar antenna member for supplying a microwave into the processing vessel via the microwave transmitting plate; a shield lid grounded to cover a top of the planar antenna member; a waveguide for guiding the microwave to the planar antenna member; a member elevating mechanism for relatively varying a vertical distance between the planar antenna member and the shield lid; a tuning rod insertable into the waveguide; a tuning rod driving mechanism for moving the tuning rod to adjust an insert amount thereof; and a matching control section for controlling an elevation amount of the planar antenna member and the insert amount of the tuning rod to obtain a matching adjustment.

Abstract: The invention proposes an assembly including a printed-circuit electronics card (2) mounted on a metal substrate (1), as well as a metal screening cover (3) electrically connected to the substrate (1). The substrate (1) exhibits a recessed gutter (4) in which the edge of the cover (3) is accommodated. The said edge is crimped onto the said substrate (1) in the gutter (4). The invention also proposes a method of producing such an assembly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a clip for coupling a gutter cap to a gutter in a way that allows the gutter and the cap to move independently of one another. The clip has a first portion adapted to be secured by one or more fasteners to a hem edge of a gutter and a second portion adapted to clip to a hem edge of a gutter cap.

Abstract: A retaining clip is used to locate and secure a downspout lateral extension without the use of any tools or fastening hardware. The clip has a pair of free legs that are joined by a coil section. The coil section has an aperture through which the downspout extension can be matingly received. The legs are inserted into the ground, or other base material, to retain the clip and extension in place. Preferably the legs are splayed outwardly from each other at a neutral position and can be resiliently compressed towards each other to narrow the aperture and create a compression force that securely grips and holds the extension. Preferably the clip is formed from a unitary material that is rust and corrosion resistant, durable, and paintable, such as cold-rolled brass, copper, or stainless steel wire.

Abstract: An expandable unit in particular for houses or offices, which is produced in the form of a container and is unusually capable of achieving a very good ratio between the initial and final volumes, comprises a basic module provided with at least a roof supported by uprights, and at least one extractable module operatively associated with the basic module so as to translate relative thereto. The extractable module comprises a base and a roof, which are parallel to the roof of the basic module, and side walls which connect the base and the roof so as to form a parallelepiped, open on one side corresponding to the side that is inside the basic module. The extractable module comprises at least an outer portion and an inner portion, slidable relative to one another. The base of the inner portion comprises at least a first portion and a second portion connected to one another by hinges.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for attaching a deck to a building. The apparatus and method disclose a deck bracket with an L shaped bracket, a solid bar, preferably threaded at both ends, and a sheath which would surround a support member of the building. The solid bar could be of various lengths, depending upon the structure to which it will be attached. The L shaped bracket has a support piece fixedly attached to the back side of its long, vertical side, and has a threaded bore through the support piece and L shaped bracket, with which to accept one of the threaded ends of the solid bar. The short, horizontal side of the L shaped bracket would hold one or more of the deck rim joists or deck supporting beams.

Abstract: Attic vents and methods of their use and manufacture are provided. The air vent of this invention includes an bottom panel member, a pair of side rails and a plurality of support members that connect the bottom to the side rails. The vent is foldable to allow portions of it to lie substantially flat during shipping, and to be deployed at the work site. The foldable configuration allows the vent to be pre-attached to an insulation batt using glue or other fastening means, and then folded and compressed along with the insulation batt for shipping. When deployed at the work site and installed in a roof structure along with the insulation batt, the vent defines at least one channel on the roof facing side thereof, for directing ventilated air from a soffit region of the roof to the roof peak.

Abstract: A bird deterrent has a base and at least one branched spike extending from the base. The branching can occur anywhere along the spike, and a single branch point can give rise to multiple branches. Spikes can have multiple branches. The various branches can be of any suitable length(s), and can be oriented in any suitable direction(s).

Abstract: A retainer wall system comprised of interlocking wall segments for use as a retainer wall. Each wall segment is resiliently flexible to allow the retainer wall to follow a curvilinear/curved profile. In a preferred embodiment the wall segments comprise a plurality of substantially vertical elongate cylindrical members configured to resemble wooden logs, arranged in parallel in substantially mutually adjacent position. Each of the logs are coupled to an adjacent log by a resiliently flexible web member so as to permit flexible bending of each of each of the wall segments about a vertical axis therethrough. One or more of the logs making up each wall segment possess a longitudinal bore extending substantially along a vertical longitudinal axis of such log, so as to permit a pin member to be inserted therethough and into the ground so as to retain the wall segments in a desired conformed position.

Abstract: A protector for a window well is provided. A hood is formed in the shape of quarter sphere. The hood comprises a first and second portion, the first portion of the hood connected to a base and further comprising a plurality of slits and the second portion sloped to deflect precipitation from the first portion and the slits. A first outward rim flange extends from the top of the hood for securing the hood to a foundation. A second outward rim flange extends from the bottom of the hood for covering the window well. In certain embodiments according to the present invention, the first portion of the hood can be about perpendicular to the base.

Abstract: An adjustable stair stringer and railing construction assembly is disclosed. The assembly is adapted to use a pair of parallel stringer arms for each side of the stair, a riser/tread support bracket for each stair and alignment and spacing elements for spacing the support brackets along the stringers. The brackets include formations for spacing the stringers with respect to each other and for spacing adjacent brackets along the stringers. The brackets are initially pivotally attached to each of the stringers so as to be rotatably movable about their pivotal attachment as the stringers are moved axially. Axial movement of the stringers with respect to each other establishes the angle of rise of the stair. Treads and risers are attached to the brackets to form the stairs and railings are attachable to the stringer and bracket assembly to complete the construction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a structure of a window frame used in apartments, detached dwellings, apartment units in a private house, residential/commercial combined buildings, or the like. The structure comprises an upper window frame (8) having at least one recess portion fixedly secured to a concrete casting surface of a ceiling (7), a lower window frame (9) having at least one recess portion secured fixed to a concrete casting surface of floor to be flush with the concrete casting surface of the floor, an interior window (2?) having both ends inserted into the upper and lower window frames to form a “”-shaped cross section, and an exterior window (3?) arranged apart from the interior window at predetermined intervals and having both ends inserted into the upper and lower window frames to form a “”-shaped cross section.

Abstract: A fastener assembly 10, in respect to forces which are subsequently applied, after the installation thereof, when forces is applied in one direction, this fastener assembly 10 is self adjusting incrementally, as needed in travel or actuation; yet when a force is applied in the opposite direction, this fastener assembly 10 is not self adjusting and there is no travel or actuation.

Abstract: A structure for easily connecting prefabricated panels, which are attached to outer and inner walls of buildings, is disclosed.

Abstract: A decorative railing assembly for a building includes two end rails each having a longitudinal extent. A decorative panel formed of a single workpiece of material has a frame bordering a coplanar design pattern. The frame connects to the two end rails and has a length dimension shorter than the longitudinal extent of either of the two end rails. Terminal ends of the end rails attach perpendicularly or angularly between upstanding posts of the building yet the frame does not attach directly to the upstanding posts. In this manner, assembly of a house porch, for example, becomes greatly simplified. In other embodiments, the design pattern has a substantially symmetrical pattern about a centerline of the decorative panel. The centerline may extend substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the two end rails. Methods for manufacturing the railing assembly are also disclosed.

Abstract: A wall structure incorporates load-bearing integrated strut members in inclined back-to-back relation. Pairs of the light strut members, of board, or metal or plastic with profiled sections, have their outer ends joined, being fixed at their centres, to provide a high load-bearing capacity. An eight-strut concertina assembly can replace two studs. The ends of each pair of strut members are fastened together, and secured to the adjoining frame and/or closure panel members; and at their centres are fastened to the adjoining strut members, or secured to the respective abutting frame side member. The strut edges may be glued adjacent their ends to the adjoining partition sheeting. Reinforcement by tension elements, strapping and foamed plastic may be used.

Abstract: Floorboards with a mechanical locking system having a separately machined strip which is mechanically joined with the floorboard.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel modular building system exhibiting superior strength to withstand seismic activity.

Abstract: A perimeter clip attached to a wall molding that supports a beam in a suspended ceiling intended to survive seismic disturbances. The clip is capable, during an earthquake, of permitting an end of a beam at one end of a connected line of beams, in a grid, to slide while being supported in the clip, or, in the alternative, to secure an end of a beam to the wall molding.

Abstract: This invention is a modular pole assembly comprised of corner pieces and panel members. Panel members are slidably engaged to the corner pieces and are retained in a direction normal to the engagement direction by a track in each slot that nests within a groove in each panel member. Comer pieces may include multiple slots along each side, allowing for multiple layers of panel members along each side, thereby increasing strength and allowing an insulative and structural fill material to be added between panel member layers. The height of the modular pole may be increased by inserting splicing posts between consecutive, adjacent corner members and inserting splicing pieces between co-planar adjacent panel members. The modular nature of the pole assembly provides for simple packaging and shipment of the various components and easy assembly at or near the installation location.

Abstract: The machine to which this invention pertains is an automatic apparatus that uses a heat-sealing process to apply sterile aluminum blank capsules on food or drink containers defined as “tins” or “cans”, preferably cylindrical in shape but also square, rectangular or oval.

Abstract: Method and apparatus which facilitate the tearing of packing materials and the like into desired lengths by pre-tearing them along the rows of perforations which are provided for that purpose. In the disclosed embodiments, a packing material having inflated chambers separated by rows of perforations is fed at a predetermined speed in a direction generally perpendicular to the rows and periodically pulled upon rather abruptly to produce a partial tearing of the material along the rows of perforations.

Abstract: A standard printed paperboard beverage carton is replaced with a generically printed or blank paperboard carton which is later over-wrapped with a printed film that may be applied in the customer's bottling plant after filled cans are inserted therein and the paperboard carton erected. The over wrap concept of this invention allows for a reduction in paperboard consumption for the production of the cartons and the requirements for each individual carton while still providing appropriate coverage and concealment of the containers within the carton. Once the carton has been over-wrapped with the film, the customer must still be able to penetrate the over wrap to utilize a handle formed in the die-cut paperboard carton. This is accomplished by perforating the over wrap film in registration and after it is applied to the filled carton.

Abstract: A sterilized device for storing and transferring a tissue sample collected in a sterile field is provided having a hermetically sealed package containing a tissue storage chamber sealed with a removable cap creating a sample storage chamber housing a tissue preservation agent. The package may be provided as a lid sealed to a tray, a plastic bag that is sealed, or two pieces of plastic sealed along the edges. An interior compartment is created within the package, which is sterile along with the sample container and its contents. A tissue preservation agent is provided to stabilized RNA in a tissue sample. The sterilized device is intended for use in storing and transferring a tissue sample from a patient while in a sterile field. The sterilized device is a single assembly that eliminates disrupting a sterile field in an operating room and transferring an exposed tissue sample out of the sterile field.

Abstract: A method of attaching a tamper wrap to a printed circuit board using an installation tool that is placed over the main body portion of the tamper wrap. The side tabs of the tamper wrap are folded up against the side walls of the installation tool, and the tamper wrap and the installation tool are inserted into an enclosing case. The installation tool is then removed, the printed circuit board to be wrapped is placed into the enclosing case, and the side tabs are folded and adhered down onto the top surface of the printed circuit board. Also, a printed circuit board assembly having improved heat sinking capabilities including a thermally conductive material located between a printed circuit board and a tamper wrap such that the electronic components are in thermal contact with an enclosing case for enclosing the printed circuit board and the tamper wrap.

Abstract: An inserting machine with an assembly (7) for unfolding a flap (8) of an envelope (9), including: a scraper (20) with a sharp scraping end (21) and an envelope carrier (23-26) as well as a drive (27, 29) for moving the holder portion (18) and the scraper (20) relative to each other, such that the holder portion (18) with the fold edge (17) in trailing position scrapes along the scraping end (21), the scraper (20) scrapes the flap (8) in the area of its free edge (19) off the holder portion (18), and pivots the flap (8) open about the fold edge (17). The scraping end (21) moves along a circulation path (30), of which a first portion (31) extends in a direction towards the fold edge (17) over the holder portion (18) of the envelope (9) and of which a second, contiguous portion (32) diverges from the holder portion (18) of the envelope (9).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for removing a cover from a storage box that is closed using a lid-like cover attached thereto at the edges. For removal, the adhesive strength of the cover is reduced in the region of a few of the sealed edges and the cover is then removed by peeling it off the storage box, whereby the cover is peeled off by rolling it onto a roller.

Abstract: In a device of the invention, an SMIF type mini-environment (1) can be connected onto a purge station (2). The purge station comprises a leaktight purge compartment (2b) whose top face includes a closable transfer passage (2c) facing the bottom face (1b) of the mini-environment pod (1). An elevator (4) is suitable for vertically displacing the bottom wall (1b) of the mini-environment pod (1) when coupled thereto, simultaneously moving the stack (3) of substrate wafers carried by the bottom wall (1c) so as to introduce them together into the leaktight purge compartment (2b). The stack (3) of substrate wafers is then purged inside a leaktight purge compartment (2b) of the purge station (2), while simultaneously purging the mini-environment pod (1). This provides purging that is much more effective and much faster, thus encouraging the use of SMIF mini-environment pods in microelectronic processes.

Abstract: Ventilating and air purifying device including a case having a blower therein provided to a ceiling or a wall, a first flow passage provided between the blower and a room for making an outdoor, the blower, and the room in communication, a second flow passage for making the room, an inside of the case, and the outdoor in communication, and a damper in the case for isolating the first flow passage from the second flow passage so that room air is discharged to the outdoor and the room air is guided to the blower, or making the first flow passage and the second flow passage in communication so that the room air introduced into the second flow passage is guided to the blower, thereby ventilating and purifying the room air.

Abstract: A filter assembly having a plurality, preferably at least substantially vertically mounted, longitudinal elongated filter elements that are suitable for separating fluid from solid particles, having an open upper end sealed into a sealing device and a closed bottom end attached to a filter support that is mounted on a filter grid, in which the filter grid has a plurality of grid elements together forming a grid, wherein at least a portion of the cross-section of the grid elements between two adjacent filter elements is pointiform. The invention further pertains to a filter grid and a filter vessel containing at least one filter assembly.

Abstract: A lint trap having an enclosure with an interior surface, an open end, with an inlet spaced from an outlet on the interior surface. A cover is removably mountable to the open end of the enclosure with a filter secured to the cover, where side edges of the filter slidably engage with the interior surface between the inlet and outlet.

Abstract: An air filter for use in vehicle air conditioning/handling systems includes a pleated filter material having a MERV of more than 1 and preferably of at least 8. The pleated filter material has a wire mesh disposed on its back or downward air flow side, and is encased within a frame for easy installation into air handling equipment. The frame has a relatively slim profile of less than 0.22 inches, and has relatively narrow frame rails of less than 0.625 inches in width so as to beneficially reduce the air pressure drop across the air filter when installed in the vehicle's air conditioning/handling equipment.

Abstract: A honeycomb filter for purifying exhaust gases that can almost completely burn and remove particulates accumulated on a wall portion by a regenerating process allowing residual ashes on the wall portion to easily move inside a through hole because the ashes are easily separated from the wall portion. In the honeycomb filter a columnar body made of porous ceramics, having parallel through holes in the length direction with a wall portion interposed therebetween, is designed so that part or all of the wall portion that separates the through holes from each other functions as a filter collecting particulates, wherein a length l of the longest side in a cross section perpendicular to the length direction of the through hole and a length L in the length direction of the columnar body satisfy: 60?L/l?500, and a surface roughness Ra (according to JIS B 0601) of the through hole inner wall satisfies: Ra?100 ?m.