Abstract: N-alkylglycine trimeres, their stereoisomers, racemic mixtures and salts of formula (I) below, where R1, R2 and R3, independent of one another, are chosen from amongst cyclopropyl, sec-butyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 3-methylbutyl, cyclohexyl, 2-(N-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl, 2-(methylcarbonylamine)ethyl, 3-(2-oxo-N-pyrrolidinyl)propyl, 2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)methyl, 2-(N-imidazolyl) ethyl, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl, 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl, 2-[2-(N-methyl)pyrrolidinyl]ethyl, 2-(4-aminosulfonylphenyl)ethyl, 2-(morpholine)ethyl, 3-(N,N-diethylamine)propyl, 3,3-diphenyipropyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamine)propyl, and 2-(N,N-diethylamine)ethyl, their stereoisomeric forms and their mixtures, which are capable of blocking L-glutamate receptors and are useful for treating disorders mediated by neurodegeneration, for example, cerebral ischemia, cerebrovascular accident, migraine, depression, Huntington, Parkinson, Alzheimer, senile dementia, epilepsy and multiple and amyotrop

Abstract: A composition for sustained release comprises a carrier material containing a non-polymeric, non-water soluble liquid material having a viscosity of at least 5,000 cP at 37° C. that does not crytallize neat under ambient physiological conditions, a multivalent metal cation, and growth hormone.

Abstract: A liquid carrier medium is provided which is suitable for solubilizing growth factors, such as mixtures of bone morphogenetic proteins, that are found to induce an angiogenic response in ischemic tissues. The liquid medium comprises an aqueous solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I, in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 have the meanings given in the description, and their physiologically acceptable salts. The compounds are suitable for use, for example, as hypolipidemics.

Abstract: Highly safe cytokine production inhibitors, agents for protecting and promoting liver function, anti-inflammatory agents and immunosuppressants. Brazilian licorice extract and periandrins, which are constituents thereof, have excellent characteristics of showing effects of inhibiting cytokine production and protecting and promoting liver function, an anti-inflammatory effect and an immunosuppressive effect without any harmful side effects. Thus use of Brazilian licorice extract or periandrins as cytokine production inhibitors makes it possible to inhibit inflammations in various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. These substances are also usable as agents for protecting and promoting liver function, anti-inflammatory agents and immunosuppressants. Moreover, foods, cosmetics, sweeteners and food materials containing Brazilian licorice extract exert the effects as described above.

Abstract: Antibacterial compounds having formula (I) and salts, prodrugs, and salts of prodrugs thereof, processes for making the compounds and intermediates used in the processes, compositions containing the compounds, and methods for prophylaxis or treatment of bacterial infections using the compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: The present provides methods and compositions that enable effective delivery of nucleic acids to desired cells, including to a solid organ such as a mammalian heart. The methods and compositions enable effective gene transfer and subsequent expression to a majority of cells throughout a solid organ such as the heart. Methods and compositions of the invention preferably provide enhanced vascular permeability that enables increased gene transfer to targeted cells, but without significant degradation or injury to endothelial cell layers.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for modulating photodamage via the use of collagen derived molecules which either enhance or inhibit damage caused by ultraviolet light.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of active ingredients, which increase the concentration of pyrimidine-based elements for nucleic acid biosynthesis in the body, in particular to the use of pyrimidine nucleosides and/or prodrugs produced therefrom, for reducing the side-effects of inhibitors of nucleic acid biosynthesis or their precursors, in particular by activating the biosynthesis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The invention also relates to the use of said active ingredients, in particular pyrimidine nucleosides and/or prodrugs for producing pharmaceutical preparations for reducing the aforementioned side-effects and to combinations or products for administering active ingredients of this type, in particular pyrimidine nucleosides and/or prodrugs produced therefrom, comprising inhibitors of nucleic acid biosynthesis or their precursors.

Abstract: The present invention has disclosed the use of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cervical erosion. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine can resist the field planting of microorganism and control microorganism infection, and improve the symptoms of local exudation, tissue inflammatory oedema and pain and the like.

Abstract: Biologically active 19-nor vitamin D analogs substituted at C-2 in the A-ring with an ethylidene or an ethyl group. These compounds have preferential activity on mobilizing calcium from bone and either high or normal intestinal calcium transport activity which allows their in vivo administration for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases where bone loss is a major concern. These compounds are also characterized by high cell differentiation activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel estrogenic compounds. The present invention also relates to methods of treating estrogen deprivation in a subject comprising administering novel estrogenic compounds. Additionally, the present invention relates to methods of synthesizing novel estrogenic compounds.

Abstract: This invention is directed to methods for providing sustained systemic concentrations of therapeutic or prophylactic agents such as GABA analogs following oral administration to animals. This invention is also directed to compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that are used in such methods.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to spirocyclic compounds. Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the spirocyclic compounds as ligands for mammalian G-protein-coupled receptors or sigma receptors. The present invention also relates to methods of modulating the activity of a G-protein-coupled receptor or a sigma receptor in a mammal using the spirocyclic compounds of the present invention. The present invention also relates to methods of treating various diseases in a mammal using the spirocyclic compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides plant extracts, isolated alkaloids, synthetic alkaloids and compositions having antitussive activity. In some preferred embodiments, the plant extracts and the isolated alkaloids are from a plant of a genus in the family Stemonaceae. In other preferred embodiments, the plant extracts and the isolated alkaloids are from a plant of the genus Stemona, Croomia, or Stichoneuron. In especially preferred embodiments, the plant extracts and the isolated alkaloids are from the plant Stemona tuberosa. The present invention further provides methods for isolating such plant extracts and alkaloids. In addition, the present invention provides methods for reducing or suppressing coughing by administering plant extracts, alkaloids and compositions having antitussive activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides substituted 11-phenyl-dibenzazepine compounds which are specific, potent and safe inhibitors of mammalian cell proliferation. The compounds can be used to inhibit mammalian cell proliferation in situ as a therapeutic approach towards the treatment or prevention of diseases characterized by abnormal cell proliferation, such as cancer.

Abstract: In its many embodiments, the present invention provides a novel class of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compounds as inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases, methods of preparing such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more such compounds, methods of preparing pharmaceutical formulations comprising one or more such compounds, and methods of treatment, prevention, inhibition, or amelioration of one or more diseases associated with the CDKs using such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward substituted hydroxyethylene compounds of formulas (XII) (XIII), and (XIV) useful in treating Alzheimer's disease and other similar diseases.

Abstract: Phenothiazine derivatives of formula (I) are disclosed. The compounds are inhibitors of the mitotic kinesin KSP and are useful in the treatment of cellular proliferative diseases, such as cancer, hyperplasias, restenosis, cardiac hypertrophy, immune disorders and inflammation.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula wherein R is phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted by halogen or —CH2N(CH3)(CH2)nOCH3, or is benzyl, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, —(CH2)nOCH3, or is pyridin 3 -or 4-yl, unsubstituted or substituted by lower alkyl, halogen, morpholinyl, —(CH2)n-halogen, —(CH2)nOCH3, —(CH2)n-morpholin-4-yl, or —(CH2)n-pyrrolidin-1-yl; R1 is phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, tetrahydropyran-4-yl, 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl or morpholin-4-yl; n is independently from each other 1 or 2; and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for the treatment of diseases related to the adenosine A2A-receptor.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds and compositions of the formula: wherein, the subscript n is an integer of from 0 to 4; Ar is a member selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted aryl and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, R1 is a member selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted (C5–C15)alkyl and (C8–C14)acyl group; R2 is a member selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted (C1–C8)alkyl; each R3 is independently a substituent Y is a member selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted (C2–C8)alkylene and substituted or unsubstituted (C2–C8)heteroalkylene; Z is —NR4R5 R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and (C1–C8)alkyl or taken together with the nitrogen atom to which each is attached to form a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl; These compounds and compositions bind to the CXCR3 chemokine receptor and are useful for treating diseases and conditions responsive to the mo

Abstract: A compound selected from those of formula (I): wherein: Ra represents linear or branched (C1–C6)alkylene, X represents a group selected from W1, —C(W1)—W2—, —W2—C(W1)—, —W2—C(W1)W2—, —W2—Ra— and —CH(OR1)— wherein W1, W2 and R1 are as defined in the description, when Y represents aryl or heteroaryl, or X represents a group selected from single bond, —C(W1)—, —W2—C(W1)—, —W2—Ra and —CH(OR1)— wherein W1, W2, Ra and R1 are as defined hereinbefore, when Y represents a fused bicyclic group, of formula: wherein: A represents nitrogen-containing heterocycle having from 4 to 7 ring members that is unsaturated or partially saturated and optionally contains a second hetero atom, B represents phenyl ring optionally substituted by one or more groups as defined in the description, its isomers, and addition salts thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, medicinal products containing the same are useful in the treatment of cognitive deficiencies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chemical compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds, uses of said compounds and compositions, methods of treatment employing said compounds and compositions, and processes for preparing said compounds. Specifically, this invention relates to novel compounds which are antagonists of MCP-1 function and are useful in the prevention or treatment of chronic or acute inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, especially those associated with aberrant lymphocyte or monocyte accumulation such as arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, nephritis, pancreatitis, pulmonary fibrosis, psoriasis, restenosis, and transplant rejection. More specifically, the invention is related to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases.

Abstract: Substituted aryl 1,4-pyrazine derivatives of formula I as defined herein and their use in treating anxiety disorders, depression and stress related disorders are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula I: wherein: R1-R5, “a” and X have any of the meanings defined in the specification and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula I, processes for preparing compounds of formula I, intermediates useful for preparing compounds of formula I, and therapeutic methods for treating cancer using compounds of formula I.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula I: wherein R1-R9, W, and X have any of the meanings defined in the specification and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula I, processes for preparing compounds of formula I, intermediates useful for preparing compounds of formula I, and therapeutic methods for treating cancer and infections using compounds of formula I.

Abstract: Novel 3,4-disubstituted-4-aryl-piperidine compounds are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the 3,4-disubstituted-4-aryl-piperidine compounds and methods of their pharmaceutical uses are also disclosed. The compounds disclosed are useful, inter alia, as antagonists of opioid receptors.

Abstract: The present application describes N-ureidoalkyl piperidines as modulators of chemokine receptors, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, useful for the prevention of asthma and other allergic diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula (I) the stereoisomers and prodrugs thereof, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, stereoisomers, and prodrugs; wherein R1, R2, Ra, Rb, X, and Z are as defined herein; pharmaceutical compositions thereof; and uses thereof.

Abstract: Methods of inhibiting lipofibroblast to myofibroblast transdifferentiation in a mammal are disclosed comprising administering a PPAR gamma ligand when said mammal is exposed to a hyperoxic condition.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel diarylselenide compounds corresponding to the general formula (I) and the use thereof in pharmaceutical compositions in human or veterinary medicine (in the treatment of dermatological, rheumatic, cardiovascular and ophthalmologic pathologies in particular), or in cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel stilbene compounds having the general formula (I): as well as to pharmaceutical compositions for use in human or veterinary medicine, including dermatological, rheumatic, respiratory, cardiovascular and ophthalmic conditions and cosmetic compositions and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: Novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole benzoic acid compounds, methods of using and pharmaceutical compositions comprising an 1,2,4-oxadiazole benzoic acid derivative are disclosed. The methods include methods of treating or preventing a disease ameliorated by modulation of premature translation termination or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, or ameliorating one or more symptoms associated therewith.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds which are useful in the modulation of endogenous growth hormone levels in a mammal. The invention further relates to novel intermediates for use in the synthesis of said compounds, as well as novel processes employed in these syntheses. Also included are methods of treating a mammal which include the administration of said compounds.

Abstract: Novel pyrazolylbiphenylcarboxamides of the formula (I) in which R1, R2, X, m, Y and n are each as defined in the description, a plurality of processes for preparing these substances and their use for controlling undesirable microorganisms, and also novel intermediates and their preparation.

Abstract: A method of controlling parasites in or on an animal comprising administering to the animal a parasiticidally effective, substantially non-emetic 1-arylpyrazole.

Abstract: A novel class of tetracyclic compounds is disclosed together with the use of such compounds for inhibiting sPLA2 mediated release of fatty acids for treatment of Inflammatory Diseases such as septic shock.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula (I) the prodrugs thereof, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds and prodrugs, wherein R?, R?, R??, and Z are as defined herein; pharmaceutical compositions thereof; and uses thereof in treating diabetes, insulin resistance, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and tissue ischemia.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formula I wherein the substitutents are as described herein. Further provided are methods of using such compounds for the treatment of nuclear hormone receptor-associated conditions, such as age related diseases, for example sarcopenia, and also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel hydroxyethylene compounds having Asp2 (?-secretase, BACE1 or Memapsin) inhibitory activity, processes for their preparation, to compositions containing them and to their use in the treatment of diseases characterised by elevated ?-amyloid levels or ?-amyloid deposits, particularly Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: Taxanes having a carbonate substituent at C(7), a hydroxy substituent at C(10), and a range of C(2), C(9), C(14), and side chain substituents.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula wherein R, R1, COOR2, R3–R7, alk, and X have meaning as defined, such being useful as dual inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase, as well as inhibitors of endothelin converting enzyme.

Abstract: The present invention provides composition having as active ingredients a stilbene derivative and a platinum coordination compound which is highly efficacious and highly safe for treating tumors, particularly for the treatment of solid or malignant tumors and thus methods of cancer and tumor treatment using the composition are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula I; R22N—CH2COCH2—CH2CO—OR1??(I) wherein R1 represents (a) an optionally substituted branched C6-30 alkyl group, comprising a straight chain C4-29 alkyl group, branched by substitution with one or more C1-6 alkyl groups, wherein said site of substitution is at C2 or a higher C atom, (b) a non-heteroaromatic aryl substituted alkyl group, wherein said aryl group is substituted, or (c) an alkoxy substituted alkyl group, wherein said alkoxy group is substituted by a methoxy group or an alkoxy group substituted with an alkoxy group, wherein in (a) and (b) said substituents are selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, amino, aryl, nitro, oxo or fluoro groups, and said alkyl group is optionally interrupted or terminated by one or more —O—, NR3—, —S— or PR3— groups; R2, each of which may be the same or different, represents a hydrogen atom or a group R1, wherein R1 represents (a) an optionally substituted branched C5-30 alkyl group, comprising a

Abstract: A method for modulating lipid metabolism in a subject by administering 9-cis retinoic acid is presented. The 9-cis retinoic acid is more specific for the retinoid X receptor than is retinoic acid.

Abstract: The instant invention is a method of using certain analogs of glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid to treat incontinence.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and pain in an animal subject. The method generally involves administering a therapeutically effective amount of a dual serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said dual serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor compound is characterized by a non-tricyclic structure and an equal or greater inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake than serotonin reuptake. In particular, the use of milnacipran to treat FMS, CFS, and pain is disclosed.

Abstract: A fungicidal composition and method of treating plant diseases using a compound of formula I where X is flouro, chloro and trifluromethyl.

Abstract: The present invention is an improvement in the preparation of liquid hydrocarbons from natural gas/methane, oxygen and/or steam. In particular, the present invention relates to processes for the production of synthesis gas, reducing the oxygen concentration from the synthesis gas, and the production of liquid hydrocarbons using the oxygen reduced synthesis gas as a feedstock. More particularly, the present invention described herein identifies catalyst compositions, apparatus and methods of using such catalysts and apparatus for preparing liquid hydrocarbons via oxygen reduced synthesis gas all in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: CO2 emissions from syngas conversion processes are reduced by use of a multi-stage Fischer-Tropsch reaction system. A process for the conversion of syngas using a Fischer-Tropsch reactor comprises forming a first syngas and reacting at least a portion of the first syngas in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to form a first hydrocarbonaceous product and a second syngas. The second syngas is mixed with a hydrogen-containing stream to provide an adjusted syngas, at least a portion of which is reacted in a dual functional syngas conversion reactor to form a second hydrocarbonaceous product and a third syngas comprising a reduced amount of CO2 than was present in the adjusted syngas.